JPH0753989B2 - Vegetation mat - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vegetation mat used for a revegetation method such as a slope on a hillside or a river dike, or a slope formed by road construction or land preparation.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, on the above slopes and the like, plants are vegetated and greened in order to protect the slopes and maintain the scenery. When performing such greening, conventionally, a jute fiber felt containing fertilizer is provided on the lower surface of a growing substrate formed by mixing a soil improving agent, an organic fertilizer, and a composting material, and a knitted fabric and a cotton body of jute fiber are provided. A vegetation mat (see, for example, Jikkei 3) which is covered with a seed-containing cloth in which seeds are interposed and is integrally sewn together so that ridges are formed at predetermined intervals in the width direction. No. 20348) is used.

[0003]

However, in this conventional vegetation mat, since the jute fiber felt which is in contact with the slope is relatively hard, the vegetation mat is not well adapted to the slope, and the back surface of the mat is partially formed. The jute fiber felt takes a long time to corrode even if it contains water, and the soil improver, organic fertilizer, composting material, etc. fall onto the slope. Hard to do. Therefore, a gap is formed between the vegetation mat and the slope, and even if the seed germinates, it is difficult to root and die. Also, with this vegetation mat alone, the vegetation mat will be installed on the slope because if the seed-attached cloth corrodes and decomposes in a state where the seeds do not germinate or grow, the growth substrate will be washed away by frost and rain. The upper surface can be covered with a net in such a state, or a bag-like mat holding portion provided on the mat can be used to store the vegetation mat and install it on the slope. But,
This work is very complicated, cumbersome, and requires a lot of labor and manpower, so that there is a problem in that the construction cost is high.

The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and it is well adapted to the slope and is capable of germinating seeds of vegetation.
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a vegetation mat that is excellent in terms of workability and cost as well as good growth.

[0005]

Means for Solving the Problems The vegetation mat according to the present invention, which has achieved the above objects, comprises a soil conditioner, fertilizer,
A vegetation material consisting of at least one kind of organic material and vegetation seeds, and a front and back sheet that at least partially decomposes in nature and at least face portions are appropriately connected to each other to cover the vegetation material, and, The surface portion of the surface side sheet is characterized in that a net having a mesh for allowing germination and growth of vegetative seeds is attached.

[0006]

According to the vegetation mat of the present invention configured as described above, since the front and back surfaces of the mat are thin sheets and the entire mat is highly flexible, the vegetation mat is well adapted to the slope, The vegetation mat is brought into close contact with the slope in a state in which it is normally lifted. Further, since the above-mentioned sheet has a property of at least partially decomposing, the vegetation material is likely to adhere to the slope partly or entirely on the back surface due to the decomposition of the sheet on the back surface side. A gap is unlikely to form between In addition, since a net is attached to the surface of the mat, even if part or all of the surface side sheet is disassembled, it is possible to effectively freeze and run off the vegetation material without the need for additional net tensioning work. To be prevented.

[0007]

EXAMPLE A preferred example of the vegetation mat according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. In this vegetation mat M, a topsheet 1 having a partially soluble property and a backsheet 2 having a water-soluble property are sewn together 3 at their edges with a small mesh, and along the length direction. The sheet surface portions are sewn together 4 with a rough mesh and at predetermined intervals in the width direction to sew a bag body 5 in which the distance between the front and back sheets 1 and 2 is regulated, and the surface portion of the bag body 5 is A net 6 having a mesh that allows germination and growth of vegetation seeds is attached, and the bag 5 is filled with the vegetation material 7 containing the vegetation seeds. The sheets 1 and 2 are sewn by a large sewing machine, and jute cotton or rayon is suitable as the sewing thread for sewing the sheets.

The vegetation material 7 is, for example, one or more of general chemical fertilizers, soil improvers, organic materials such as bark compost and peat moss, inorganic materials such as vermiculite and perlite, and monocotyledons and dicotyledons, for example. It is a mixture of vegetation seeds, and this is filled in the bag body 5 to form the vegetation mat M. If necessary, a sizing agent such as Poval, a base soiler, and a vinyl acetate powder emulsion is added. Then, the vegetation material 7 is shaped in a plate shape by means of a compression press or the like, and the front and back sheets 1 and 2 are sewn so as to wrap it, or the vegetation material 7 is shaped in a rod shape. The vegetation mat according to the present invention can also be constructed by storing the vegetation mat in the bag 5.

That is, the vegetation material retained in the shape of a plate is positioned in a sandwich shape between the front and back sheets, the edges of the front and back sheets are sewn together, and the sheet surface portion is widthwise. By sewn together the both sheets and the vegetation material at predetermined intervals along the length direction, it is possible to form a vegetation mat having a predetermined thickness that prevents the vegetation material from being biased. Alternatively, as shown in FIG.
The sheets 1 and 2 on the front and back are sewn to each other 3 while leaving one side edge in the length direction, and the sheet surface portions are sewn at predetermined intervals in the width direction to form the accommodation portion a of the vegetation material 7. Sheets 1 and 2 which have been formed and contain the vegetation material 7 in the form of powder or rod in the containing portion a and which have not been sewn
The vegetation mat M can also be configured in a form in which one side edge portion in the length direction is sewn.

A net 6 attached to the surface of the bag body 5
Is for preventing the vegetation material 7 from freezing and running off when the topsheet 1 is partially melted by the insoluble portion of the topsheet 1, and is made of a plant material such as jute yarn or A plain weave, a Karami weave, or a Russell weave is used using a cotton thread, a paper tape, a rayon-based thread, or the like.

As shown in FIG. 3, the surface sheet 1 is composed of, for example, 30 to 50% of pulp fibers, 35 to 45% of polypropylene fibers, and 10 to 30% of powdery or fibrous polyvinyl alcohol. On one side of the water-soluble sheet-shaped body 8, for example, vinylon 30 tenth warp yarn 9
2 to 8 meshes with 6 threads / inch weft thread 10
mm of the kaya fabric 11 are joined together, and when the sheet-like body 8 is manufactured by Sukiage, the kaya 1
The surface sheet 1 is obtained by joining and integrating 1
Has a property of partially dissolving that only the sheet-shaped body 8 is dissolved. The back sheet 2 is made of, for example, 30 pulp fibers.
-50%, 35-45% of polypropylene fibers, 10-3 of powdery or fibrous polyvinyl alcohol
It consists of a water-soluble sheet with 0%.

In both the sheet-like body 8 of the topsheet 1 and the backsheet 2 which is entirely water-soluble, when the proportion of fibers added is 30% or less, the dispersion due to the dissolution of polyvinyl alcohol due to water absorption is achieved. And the problem of strength occur. On the other hand, when it is 50% or more, the addition ratio of polypropylene fiber or polyvinyl alcohol decreases, and the problem of solubility by water and the problem of strength occur. . Further, when the addition ratio of polypropylene fiber is 35% or less, solubility problems due to moisture and strength problems occur, while when it is 45% or more, the addition ratio of pulp fibers and polyvinyl alcohol Is reduced to cause solubility problems. Furthermore, when the addition ratio of polyvinyl alcohol is 10% or less, a problem of solubility due to water occurs, while when it is 30% or more,
The addition ratio of pulp fibers and polypropylene fibers is reduced, which causes a problem in strength.

From the above, pulp fibers, polypropylene fibers and polyvinyl alcohol are blended in the above-mentioned proportions to ensure solubility and constant strength. However, the blending ratio is not necessarily limited to the above-mentioned mixing ratio, and most preferably, a softwood pulp fiber is used and a polypropylene fiber having a denier thickness of 5 is used.
A sheet having a length of mm and a fiber having a length of 3 mm and a denier of 3 mm is used as polyvinyl alcohol. The pulp is 40%, the polypropylene fiber is 40%, and the polyvinyl alcohol is 20 to 30%. The body 8 and the backsheet 2 are obtained.

At the time of greening the slope, as shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of vegetation mats M having the above-mentioned structure are arranged so that the length direction thereof is directed to the vertical direction of the slope 12 and part of the width direction. The vegetation mat M is installed on the slope 12 by superposing them on each other and arranging them in the width direction and driving the anchors 13 and the pegs 14 into the slope 12 appropriately through the overlapping portions. Here, FIG.
In the vegetation mat M having the configuration shown in (1), since both sides of the vegetation mat M are thin sheets and the entire mat is highly flexible, the vegetation mat M is well-adapted along the slope 12, or In the vegetation mat M having the configuration shown in FIG. 2 in which the vegetation material 7 is held in the shape of a plate or rod, the vegetation material 7 collapses when a little force is applied. The vegetation mat M is closely adhered to the slope 12 in a state in which the vegetation mat M is well fit along the surface and is partially prevented from rising. Further, when the vegetation mat M is laid on the slope 12, the vegetation material 7 is covered with the front and back sheets 1 and 2, so that the vegetation material 7 is effectively prevented from flowing out. .

Then, the sheet material 8 of the top sheet 1 and each polyvinyl alcohol of the back sheet 2 are rapidly dissolved by the rainfall, and the pulp fibers and the polypropylene fibers are dispersed, whereby the vegetation material 7 has its back surface. Most of the seedlings adhere to the slope 12 without any gaps, the vegetation seeds contained in the vegetation material 7 easily germinate, and the germinating seedlings surely grow by receiving fertilizer and water. To do. On the other hand, the top sheet 1 of the vegetation mat M
As for the vegetation material 7, a vegetation material 7 is suitable for the kaya material 11 and the net 6 attached to the surface portion of the topsheet 1 because a partially soluble material that leaves the kaya material 11 after the sheet material 8 is dissolved is used. The net 6 can effectively prevent the vegetation material 7 from frost-up and runoff without being required to separately stretch the net. still,
As the polyvinyl alcohol, it is needless to say that powdery polyvinyl alcohol can be used, and since this powdery polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved at room temperature, it is convenient that the solubility of the sheet in water at room temperature can be increased. .

The above-mentioned structure of the vegetation mat M is an example. For example, the backsheet 2 may be a partially soluble sheet similar to the topsheet 1, or a water soluble film made of polyvinyl alcohol or a dispersion made of soot. Water soluble film, and further, a partially soluble sheet obtained by laminating these water-soluble film or dispersible nonwoven fabric with the above-mentioned kaya. Further, as the topsheet 1, a water-soluble sheet similar to the backsheet 2 can be used, or the above-mentioned water-soluble film or dispersible nonwoven fabric, or a partially soluble sheet obtained by laminating a kaya on these. That is, regardless of the form such as water solubility, dispersibility, and degradability, the properties of the front and back sheets 1 and 2 are not limited as long as they can be at least partially degraded.

When the front and back sheets 1 and 2 have the same properties, the front and back sheets need not be separated from each other as shown in FIG.
As shown in Fig. 1, one wide sheet 1, 2 is folded at the center in the width direction and the edges are sewn together 3, and the sheet surface portions are sewn 4 at predetermined intervals in the width direction to the vegetation mat. It is also possible to configure M, and instead of the sewing means, the sheets 1 and 2 can be connected by, for example, heat fusion.

The vegetation mat M according to the present invention is shown in FIG.
It can also be manufactured by the process shown in. That is, the backsheet 2 shown in FIG. 6A is flown on the conveyor, and both ends of the backsheet 2 are bent by guides not shown in the figure as shown in FIG. Next, after supplying the vegetation material 7 to the upper surface of the backsheet 2 as shown in FIG. 2C, the upper surface of the vegetation material 7 is covered with the topsheet 1 as shown in FIG. Place the net 6 on the upper surface.
Then, as shown in FIG. 7E, the topsheet 1, the net 6 and the backsheet 2 are sewn 4 with rough mesh. Then, both ends of the vegetation mat M in the longitudinal direction (direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 6) are appropriately sewn together to manufacture the vegetation mat M.

Although plant fibers are used as the material of the net 6, synthetic resin fibers such as polyethylene,
In addition, viscose rayon and biodegradable resin fiber, and strong rayon such as polynosic rayon and viscose rayon for tire cord are also suitable. That is, the above-mentioned strong rayon has a large tensile strength and a small decrease in strength when wet, and maintains the initial tensile strength of about 90% even after the half year of installation, and thereafter corrodes with the passage of time. It shows the property of homogenizing with soil, and if this strong rayon is used as the material of the net, it will maintain sufficient strength for about 6 months to 2 years until the plant germinates and grows. The vegetation material 7 is effectively prevented from freezing and runoff, and then gradually decomposes and corrodes when the plant grows and grows to some extent and finally returns to the soil. For example, the net material is not permanently altered. Secondary pollution as in the case of using synthetic resin fibers is prevented, and it is extremely suitable for greening of slopes.

Alternatively, even if corrosive fibers are subjected to antiseptic treatment, the material strength can be sufficiently maintained for about half a year to two years, and eventually they are gradually decomposed and corroded until finally. Since it is returned to the soil, this is also suitable as a net material. As a preservative treatment for this corrosive fiber, surface water repellent treatment with a water repellent or an adhesive is generally used, but since the decomposition / corrosion of corrosive fiber is also due to the presence of bacteria, An antiseptic treatment in which the fibers themselves or a net woven with corrosive fibers is dipped or applied in an antifungal agent, an antibacterial agent, an antiseptic agent or the like can also be suitably carried out. As the corrosive material to be subjected to the water repellent treatment described above, various materials such as animal-based, plant-based, and chemical-based materials can be selected. For example, as animal-based materials, skin and hair, and as plant-based materials, Natural fibers such as cotton, hemp, and pulp are typical, and as chemical materials, polyolefin-based materials easily corroded by chemicals, recycled fibers such as viscose rayon, and other biodegradable plastics and photodegradable plastics are used. is there.

Even when synthetic fibers that do not decompose are used, by mixing them with corrosive fibers, it is possible to obtain a net that is intended to prevent pollution. That is, if the mixed fiber of synthetic fiber and corrosive fiber, the synthetic fiber will not be decomposed and corroded, but by the time the plant seeds germinate and grow, the corrosive fiber will be decomposed and corroded by the soil. Since the whole of the net will not be left semi-permanently on the slope because it will be homogenized with, and thus the pollution problem will be suppressed,
This blended fiber can also be suitably used as a net material.

As the corrosive fibers of the mixed fiber, natural fibers such as cotton, silk and hemp that are decomposed and corroded by microorganisms over time and biodegradable chemical fibers such as viscose rayon can be selected. As, as a predetermined tensile strength can be secured semi-permanently without being decomposed by microorganisms, for example, vinylon type such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyester type such as polyester, polyamide type such as nylon, and polyacrylonitrile such as acrylic. A synthetic fiber such as a system can be selected, and the composition thereof is preferably a mixture of corrosive fiber 60 to 80% and synthetic fiber 40 to 20%.

In addition to these, even if a mixed fiber rayon in which at least one of a high molecular emulsion and a water-soluble polymer is internally added to a viscose solution is used, a net suitable for slope greening without pollution problem is used. Can be obtained. That is, the emulsion or polymer internally added to the viscose solution is not easily corroded by microorganisms, but since it is decomposed due to the corrosion of the mixed fiber rayon, the net does not remain semipermanently on the slope, Slope greening is achieved without pollution problems. The mixed fiber rayon is a viscose solution composed of regenerated cellulose that is decomposed and corroded by microorganisms, a polymer emulsion that is not decomposed and corroded by microorganisms and can compensate for the strength decrease due to decomposition and corrosion of rayon (for example, vinyl acetate resin, Acrylic resin, ethylene vinyl acetate resin, etc.) or water-soluble polymer (eg, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic amide, etc.) internally added at the stage of viscose solution, or both emulsion and polymer The one internally added is used. The composition of the mixed fiber rayon is preferably a viscose solution in which a polymer emulsion or a water-soluble polymer is internally added at a ratio of 2 to 15%. The sewing thread for seat sewing can be selected from the various net constituent materials described above.

As the vegetation seeds to be mixed with the vegetation material 7, seeds of exotic plants such as grass and seeds of native plants such as flower plant seeds, wild grasses and trees are appropriately selected.
Specifically, grass seeds include creeping red fescue, highland bentgrass, red top, bermudagrass, Kentucky bluegrass, and the like, and flower plant seeds include yellow daisies, French chrysanthemums, large gold chrysanthemums, and saw grass. , Haetori pink, California poppy, Murasakihanana, Baby's Breath, cosmos, cockscomb, Kawaranadeshiko, there is a Gaillardia pulchella, etc., and, as a wild grass seed, a mugwort, Japanese pampas grass, Medohagi, the Japanese knotweed and the like. Furthermore, tree plants include red pine, yashabushi, weasel, yamahagi, and komatsunagi. In addition, flower plant seeds such as annual flower plants and perennial flower plants and tree seeds may be appropriately mixed.

[0025]

As described above, according to the vegetation mat of the present invention, the vegetation mat itself is well adapted to the slope, and the backsheet is at least partially decomposed to improve the familiarity of the vegetation material. Thus, the vegetation mat can be stably and closely attached to the slope without causing partial uplift. Moreover, by attaching a net to the surface of the vegetation mat, even if part or all of the surface side sheet is disassembled, vegetation material can be protected from freezing and runoff without the need for additional net tensioning work. As a result, vegetative seeds can be effectively prevented and, in turn, germination and growth of vegetation seeds can be achieved satisfactorily, and a vegetation mat suitable for use that contributes to the protection of greening on slopes and the preservation of landscape can be provided Was reached.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a vegetation mat with a main part cut away.

FIG. 2 is a partial perspective view of another embodiment of the vegetation mat.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic perspective view of a main part of the topsheet.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of installation of a vegetation mat for slope greening.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of a vegetation mat.

FIG. 6 is a process drawing showing a method for manufacturing a vegetation mat.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1, 2 ... Sheet, 6 ... Net, 7 ... Vegetation material.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Mitsunaga Enka 1 Japan Vegetation Co., Ltd. at 590 Takao, Tsuyama City, Okayama Prefecture (72) Inventor Shunta Tada 1 590 Takao, Tsuyama City, Okayama Prefecture, Japan (72) Inventor Kaname Hori 1 Japanese Vegetation Co., Ltd., 590 Takao, Tsuyama City, Okayama Prefecture (72) Inventor Hiroyuki Kambe 1 Japanese Vegetation Co., Ltd. 590, Takao, Tsuyama City, Okayama Prefecture (72) Inventor Iizuka Research 1 590 Takao, Tsuyama-shi, Okayama Japan Vegetation Co., Ltd.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A vegetation material comprising at least one of a soil conditioner, fertilizer, organic material and the like and vegetation seeds, and at least partially decomposed in nature and at least face portions are appropriately connected to each other to enclose the vegetation material. A vegetation mat comprising a front and back sheets to be covered, and a net having a mesh capable of germination and growth of vegetation seeds is attached to a surface portion of the surface side sheet.