JPH0742906U - Panel heater - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Purpose] Even if a carbon fiber mixed paper heating element is used, it does not run out of temperature due to the decrease in resistance value due to heat generation, and is practical as a panel heater, and is lightweight and thin. By utilizing the above, a portable panel heater is provided, and a stand is provided so that this panel heater can be stably erected, and a practical panel heater is provided. [Structure] A carbon fiber mixed paper sheet, which is made by mixing carbon fiber, bast fiber, and a sticky agent, and at least a part of the surface of the carbon fiber is covered with a sticky agent solid statement, is embedded in a resin, and an electrode is laid. The frame is laid to form the panel heater 1, and the frame is provided with a stand for standing the panel heater.

Description

[Detailed description of the device]

[0001]

[Industrial applications]

 The present invention relates to a panel heater having a stand for standing a thin panel heater formed by using a carbon fiber mixed paper.

[0002]

[Prior art]

 Conventionally, various types of indoor heating appliances have been used, but in recent years, far-infrared rays, which are infrared rays with a long wavelength, are less irritating to the human body and provide a soft heating effect, as well as penetration of clothing and the like. Radiant heating from a low-temperature heating element, which has a large heating effect, is drawing attention.

Various types of radiant heating appliances using low-temperature heating elements have been developed. In addition to embedding a heating element in a wall surface or floor surface, a panel heater is installed on the floor surface as a wall-mounting type or a portable type. There is.

On the other hand, various heat sources are used as the low-temperature heating element, and research and development have been carried out to heat a solid having a high heat capacity such as a heat storage material with a nichrome wire or a heat sink. Those that heat the non-flammable oil have already been developed. It is also considered to use the conductivity and exothermicity of carbon fiber as a heat source for radiant heating. This carbon fiber is mixed with papermaking pulp to make paper, and an electrode is laid on this paper to conduct electricity. This is being researched and developed.

[0005]

[Problems to be solved by the device]

 When a heating element containing carbon fiber obtained by mixing the above-mentioned carbon fiber with papermaking pulp is energized, when the heating element is energized, the electrical resistance of the carbon fiber significantly decreases with the temperature rise due to energization heat generation, and an excessive current flows. However, the calorific value increases synergistically and eventually reaches an uncontrollable high temperature. Moreover, the carbon fibers in the heating element must be shortened in order to distribute them as evenly as possible over the entire surface.However, if the fibers are shortened, the amount of heat generated will decrease, making them unsuitable for practical use. Then, while sufficient calorific value is obtained, the carbon fibers are not evenly distributed over the entire surface, causing unevenness. Therefore, there are high temperature parts and low temperature parts on the surface of the heating element, and even if the thermostat is used to prevent the abnormal temperature rise of the heating element as described above, it is economical to place many thermostats on the entire surface. However, it is not practical in terms of wiring and wiring.

In addition, when a heating element made of a carbon fiber mixed paper is thermostat-controlled so that it can be put into practical use as a panel heater, it is sandwiched between synthetic resin layers to conduct an electric current test, and the temperature rises as described above. The thermostat frequently turns the heating element on and off with a thermostat, so the temperature of the heating element changes drastically, and the synthetic resin sandwiching the heating element rapidly deteriorates due to repeated thermal expansion and contraction. I can't. Attempts have also been made to improve the strength by mixing glass fibers into this synthetic resin, but the glass fibers also gradually shred when the temperature change is repeated for a long time, and become brittle with the synthetic resin.

Since the conventional heating element made of carbon fiber mixed paper has many drawbacks as described above, its application range is extremely limited. For example, a hem is attached to a wall surface and a large number of thermostats are arranged on the back surface. Also, an opaque cover is provided on the surface so that it cannot be seen from the outside even if resin cracks. Also, since it is a wall-embedded type, a large force does not act from the outside, and even if resin cracks, it will function as a heating element. It was limited to the extent that it could maintain the function of. Therefore, the conventional carbon fiber mixed paper heating element cannot fully utilize the features of this heating element that are light, thin, and easy to handle, and the above-mentioned features can be utilized most. As a portable panel heater, it was not possible to stand up close to the user and obtain effective heating using far infrared rays.

Therefore, according to the present invention, even if a carbon fiber mixed paper heating element is used, it does not run out of temperature due to resistance decrease due to heat generation, has practical utility as a panel heater, and is lightweight and thin. Taking advantage of the above, a portable panel heater is provided, and a stand is provided so that this panel heater can be stably erected, and a practical panel heater is provided.

[0009]

[Means for Solving the Problems]

 In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a carbon fiber mixed paper sheet, which is produced by mixing carbon fiber, bast fiber, and a viscous agent, and at least a part of the surface of the carbon fiber is covered with a viscous agent. The panel heater is embedded in resin, the electrodes are laid, the frame body is laid to form a panel heater, and the frame body is provided with a stand for standing a panel heater.

[0010]

[Work]

 Since the present invention is configured as described above, a sheet mixed with carbon fibers is coated with a sticky agent mixed at the time of mixing to cover at least a part of the carbon fibers as a solid content of the sticky agent, and when the carbon fibers are energized, this coating is performed. The solid content of the viscous agent prevents the direct contact between the carbon fibers and the contact resistance change due to the temperature rise at the direct part of the carbon fibers disappears, and the stable heat is generated and the heat of the surrounding resin is generated. Deterioration due to fluctuations is prevented, and it is practical as a heating element of a panel heater, and this lightweight panel heater is erected in a capacity at an arbitrary location by a stand provided on the frame.

[0011]

【Example】

 An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 1, the panel heater 1 is provided with a heating element 2 and an operation panel 3 on its front surface, and the whole is covered with a frame 4. The operation panel 3 is provided with a power switch 5, a temperature controller 6, and a nameplate printing section 7 for brands and the like. The panel heater 1 is fixed to a pair of left and right stands 8 and 9 and is vertically held.

The heating element 2 is obtained by chopping carbon fibers using rayon or polyacrylonitrile as a raw material, and bast fibers such as Kozo, Mitsumata and Manila hemp as Japanese paper pulp, and polyacrylamide, polyethylene oxide, carboxymethyl cellulose and the like. The heating element is used as a carbon fiber-mixed sheet by mixing the synthetic sticking agent of 1. or a natural sticking agent such as totorooi and making it into a paper. In the heat-generating sheet thus produced, at least a part of the inner carbon fibers is covered with the solid adhesive content, and a portion in which the solid solid content is present is present at the contact portion between the carbon fibers. There is no change in contact resistance due to temperature rise in the contact area between carbon fibers, and stable heat generation is possible.

In the production of this heating element, as an example, 0.5% by weight of carbon fiber (6 mm length, 6 μ diameter) starting from rayon and pulp 99. Water is added to 5% by weight and stirred well to disperse the carbon fibers in the pulp well. Then, 630 cc of polyacrylamide is added and further stirred, and then the paper material is poured onto a paper making net having a width of about 1 m to make a paper having a basis weight of 40 g / m ² . The thickness of the formed paper after passing through the drying drum was 80 μm. The electrical resistance of this mixed paper was 50 Ω / □, and the tensile strength was 4.0 kg / 15 mm in the longitudinal direction (paper feeding direction) and 3.5 kg / 15 mm in the lateral direction (right angle to the feeding direction). In the dry papermaking, the carbon fiber is 3% of the total weight of the papermaking.

In the above formulation, the mixed paper obtained by substituting the same amount of Manila hemp for Mitsumata also had almost the same properties. When Mitsumata was replaced with Kozo, the same properties were obtained, except that the paper strength was slightly increased.

A carbon fiber cut into a fixed size of 3 mm or less did not have a required calorific value because the mixed sheet had insufficient conductivity. On the contrary, carbon fibers cut to a size of 15 mm or more, for example 20 mm, are not well dispersed in the pulp, resulting in carbon fiber unevenness in the mixed paper, unstable temperature characteristics, and excessive heating. Was given. In addition, for example, even if 10 mm of carbon fiber is mixed to make up 15% of the weight of the sheet, if the basis weight is 80 g / m ² and the paper is manufactured to a thickness of 200 μm, the temperature curve will exceed the set value and control will be difficult. Admitted.

Next, FIG. 4 is a plan view showing an embodiment of a practical surface heating element of the present invention manufactured from the carbon fiber mixed paper sheet manufactured as described above. This surface heating element 10 is obtained by cutting a mixed paper sheet (40 g / m ² , 120 μ thick) 11 into a size of width W = 900 mm and length L = 1800 mm and having a width of about 10 mm along the long side (L). A pair of electrodes 12 is provided so that each electrode 12 can be appropriately connected to a power source (DC or AC) via a lead wire 13 and a plug 14. The surface heating element 10 is set so that a voltage of 100 V is applied between the electrodes, a current of about 4 A (or less) is applied, and a surface temperature of less than 50 ° C. is maintained stably for a long time. .

The electrode 12 can be formed by various methods, but it is preferable to deposit the silver paste by screen printing along the sides of the mixed sheet 11. FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial sectional view showing the electrode portion thus formed, and the silver paste 15 forming the electrode 12 has penetrated up to about half the paper thickness T (120 μm). Preferably, a copper foil 16 is adhered to the surface of this silver paste electrode 12, and a lead wire 13 is welded thereto.

The results of the energization heat generation test for the above surface heating element 10 are shown in the graph of FIG. The graph A in FIG. 6 represents the temperature (° C.) measured at 30-minute intervals at the central point A (FIG. 4) on the surface of the surface heating element 10. A voltage of 100 V was applied between the electrodes 12 and 12, and measurement was performed at room temperature of 20 ° C. for 14 hours. As can be seen from Graph A, the temperature rises rapidly to 40 ° C in about 10 minutes after energization, and after 30 minutes, the temperature rise gradually slows down to be almost stable within 1 hour, and does not exceed 50 ° C for several hours. . The graph of the temperature value measured on the point A ′ (FIG. 4) at the end of the surface heating element 10 almost overlaps with the graph A, and there is no great difference. Including the other tests, the surface heating element 10 was found to have a substantially uniform temperature distribution at each surface point.

The graph B in FIG. 6 shows the temperature (° C.) measured under the same condition at 30 minutes intervals at the point A (FIG. 4) at the center of the surface of the product as the panel heater. . Graph B also behaves similarly to graph A.

A broken line graph C in FIG. 6 is a graph of the temperature measured at the point C (FIG. 4) on the electrode 12. The temperature graphs measured at the opposite end and center of the electrode also overlap with graph C. The temperature of the electrode is stable at a level of about 35 ° C., and it is thought that this is due to the electric heat from the surface-heating mixed sheet 11 rather than the heat generation of the electrode itself.

A graph D in FIG. 6 is an actual measurement value of the current flowing between the electrodes 12 and 12, which is almost stable on the line of 3.8 to 4 A, contrary to the conventional technical common sense, of the carbon fiber mixed paper. It demonstrates that the electrical resistance does not change with temperature and time. In this way, it was completely unpredictable in the conventional common sense that conventional large-scale carbon fiber mixed sheet, which corresponds to one tatami mat, maintains stable heat generation without runaway for a long time exceeding 10 hours. That is.

For comparison, a mixed paper made without the use of a sticking agent and prepared with a blending ratio of normal sulfite pulp and carbon fiber was tested under the same conditions (100 V, 20 ° C. room temperature). A chain line graph X in FIG. 6 shows this result, but the temperature exceeded 50 ° C. in about 30 minutes after energization, and thereafter, the temperature continued to rise and showed no tendency to stabilize. Such a heat generating sheet has not been practically used as a surface heating element even if the on / off control is performed by a thermostat or the like.

The carbon fiber mixed papermaking heat generating sheet as described above is further subjected to the following processing so that it can be installed upright as a panel heater. That is, as shown in FIG. 7, the carbon fiber mixed sheet 22 obtained as described above is introduced from the raw material carrying-in end 21 of the vacuum chamber 20 into the central part thereof, and the glass fiber A resin prepreg 23 in which a semi-cured epoxy resin is impregnated at a low temperature state is continuously introduced into the fiber fabric.

In the vacuum chamber 20, rollers 24, 24 heated to about 180 ° C. are rotatably provided so as to face each other while maintaining an appropriate pressing force. Therefore, the material introduced from the material carrying-in end 21 of the empty chamber 20 is integrally pressed in a heated state, and the epoxy resin which has been in a semi-cured state is impregnated from both sides of the carbon fiber mixed sheet 22 and is heated. The heating element 2 that is cured and integrated as a whole is molded. When the molded heating element 2 is carried out from the vacuum chamber 20 and left to cool outside the room, as shown in the cross section of FIG. 8, there is a carbon fiber mixed heating sheet 22 in the center, and epoxy resin layers are provided on both sides of the sheet. The existing heating element 2 is formed. If necessary, as shown in the same figure, a flocking cloth 24 'with an appropriate color, pattern and texture is applied to enhance the design effect, improve the feel of the skin, diffuse the radiant heat and soften the heating effect. May be obtained.

When energizing the heat generating sheet, as shown in FIG. 9, when the two electrodes 12 provided on the heat generating sheet 22 as described above and the power cord 25 are connected, the heat generating sheet 22 is omitted. By connecting via the thermostat 26 provided in the central portion, the energization can be temporarily cut off in case the temperature of the heat generating sheet rises. As described above, the thermostat 26 performs on / off control so as to maintain a constant temperature as a measure against the temperature runaway of the conventional carbon fiber mixed sheet like the conventionally used thermostat. Not the one.

The panel heater containing the heat generating sheet obtained as described above is fixed in a frame 4 as a frame body as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, and both sides thereof are erected by stands 8 and 9. Although it is supported, the stands 8 and 9 will be described.

The pair of left and right stands 8 and 9 have the same structure, and the structure of this stand will be described in detail for the right side stand in FIG. The stand 8 has a U-shaped leg portion 34 in which both arm portions 32 and 33 extend rearward under the panel heater 1, and a connecting portion 35 of both arms in front of both arm portions 32 and 33 is a panel heater. It is parallel to the heat dissipation surface 2 of 1.

The rear ends of both arms 33 of the U-shaped leg portion 34 extend to the rear of the panel heater 1, and two support arms 36 and 37, which extend in parallel upward respectively, are continuously formed at the ends thereof. There is. As shown in FIG. 3, the two support arms 36 and 37 are formed so as to be inclined forward, and brackets 41 and 42 on both sides of the support member 40 having a U-shaped cross section are welded to the middle portion thereof by welding or the like. It is fixed by means. The base portion 43 of the U-shaped support member 40 is provided with a screw insertion hole, and the panel heater 1 is fixed to the support member 40 by screwing a screw 45 into the screw hole provided on the back surface 44 of the panel heater 1. As shown in FIG. 3, the base portion 43 is inclined with respect to the vertical line, and the radiation surface 2 of the supporting panel heater 1 is directed slightly upward.

A U-shaped gripping portion 47 is continuously provided at the upper ends of the two supporting arms 36 and 37 that form the supporting portion 46 of the stand 8. The gripping portion 47 is located above the panel heater 1. A grip made of a rubber material, synthetic resin or the like is wound around a portion of the panel heater 1 which is parallel to the heat radiation surface 2. The leg portion 34, the support portion 46, and the grip portion 47 are formed by bending a single metal pipe, and both ends thereof are joined in the grip.

A stand 9 having the same structure as the stand 8 having the above structure is similarly fixed to the other side of the horizontally long panel heater 1, and the pair of stands 8 and 9 stably holds the panel heater 1 in an upright position. There is.

In the above embodiment, the pair of left and right stands is provided for the panel heater, but only one stand may be used. In that case, the legs of the stand are It is possible to stably stand and hold the U-shaped arms by making the space between them large enough.

Further, the panel heater 1 is not only fixed to the support member 40 by screws, but also can be tiltably supported by various known support means so that the angle of the radiation surface 2 can be changed. it can.

In addition to metal, the stand-constituting material may be a synthetic resin material as long as sufficient strength can be maintained. These stands can be made more aesthetic by appropriately coloring and painting. Further, the leg portions 34 may be covered with rubber or the like to prevent slippage.

As the stand used for the panel heater of the present invention, in addition to the above, in addition to the stand conventionally used for the panel heater, most of the stands for standing and holding various equipment can be adopted. Among them, a particularly preferred embodiment is described below.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 10 to 12, stands 52 and 53 are used on both sides of the panel heater 1 in which pipe members are bent in a substantially triangular shape and both ends are joined. The bracket 55 is once fixed to the back side support portion 54 of the stand by welding or the like, and the back surface of the panel heater 1 is fixed to the mounting surface 56 at the other end with the same screws as those in the above-described embodiment. The screw holes provided on the back surface of the panel heater 1 have the same diameter and the same interval as the screw holes of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, so that the same operation can be performed on the same panel heater 1. It is possible to select and replace various stands such as the example stand. The switch plate 57 provided on the side portion of the panel heater 1 shown in FIG. 10 is formed as a side frame 59 having a U-shaped cross section as a separate body from the main body frame 58 as shown in FIG. Alternatively, they may be joined so as to be flush with each other.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 14 to 16, on both sides of the panel heater 1, there are used stands 61 and 62 formed by bending a pipe material into a U-shape, and a U-shaped flat surface formed by the pipe material is used. It is arranged so as to be parallel to the heat dissipation surface of the panel heater. Each of the stands 61 and 62 has a bottom surface portion 63 fixed to the lower pipe member, a rising portion 64 bent forward, a support portion 65 for supporting the panel heater 1 at a predetermined angle, and an upper pad portion. A support frame 67 composed of an upper surface portion 66 fixed by an adhesive member is provided, and the back surface of the panel heater 1 is fixed to the support portion 65 of the support frame 67 to vertically hold the panel heater. The supporting frame 67 in this embodiment can be used even if the panel heater is reversed by making it vertically symmetrical as shown in FIG. At this time, the support portion 65 of the panel heater is vertical, and the heat radiation surface of the supported panel heater 1 is also vertical. Therefore, the support height of the panel heater 1 should be set to a predetermined height according to the usage conditions. preferable. Further, the above-mentioned pipe material is integrally formed so as to surround the outer periphery of the panel heater 1 as shown in FIG. 18 without forming a pair of left and right U-shaped pipes, and a support frame similar to the above is provided to form the panel heater. It can also be held vertically.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 19 to 21, one stand 70 formed by bending a metal plate on the back surface of the panel heater 1 is used. The stand 70 is composed of a bottom plate 71, a rising part 72 bent backward, and an L-shaped support part 73 made of a single metal plate. The support part 73 supports a screw hole 74 on the back surface of the panel heater 1 at the support part 73. The panel heater is fixed and supported by screwing a screw 76 into the screw hole 75 of the portion 73. At this time, the screw holes 75 provided in the supporting portion 73 are respectively provided at ones corresponding to the corners of the square, while the screw holes 74 on the back surface of the panel heater 1 support the panel heater vertically as shown in FIG. 17 and the position suitable for supporting horizontally as shown by the broken line in FIG. 17, by using the same stand, the panel heater can be used in the vertically long state and horizontally. It is possible to selectively stand and maintain the state. A through hole is provided in the support portion 73 for passing the power cord 77 led out from the substantially central portion of the rear surface of the panel heater 1, and a rubber bush 78 is fitted into the through hole. Further, the power cord 77 may be provided with an on / off switch 76 and no switch may be provided on the panel heater side. Further, it is of course possible to provide switches on the main body side as shown in each of the above embodiments.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 22, a rectangular pipe material is formed into a substantially U-shaped frame 81 along the outer peripheral frame 80 of the panel heater 1, and a bottom frame 82 is formed continuously from the lower open end thereof. Is used as a stand 83. When fixing the panel heater 1 to the stand 83, the screw holes provided in the outer peripheral frame 80 of the panel heater 1 are aligned with the holes 84 formed in the side portions of the U-shaped frame 81, and screws or screws are attached here. It is fixed by screwing the bolt. This fixing screw can be arbitrarily selected such as four or six. In addition, the outer peripheral frame 80 of the panel heater is provided with fixing screw holes in the vertical direction in FIG. 20 as well. It can also be used by fixing with screws. Further, the shape of the panel heater 1 is not limited to a rectangular shape, and various kinds of shapes can be adopted as shown in FIG. When the power cord 85 of the panel heater 1 is led out from the outer peripheral frame 80 as shown in FIG. 20, it is possible to fit the rubber bush 86 into the lead-out hole of the outer peripheral frame 80 as shown in FIG. preferable. At this time, as shown in FIG. 25, the outer peripheral frame 80 is formed so as to be divided in half into the front frame 87 and the rear frame 88, so that the rubber bushing 86 can be easily fitted.

[0039]

[Effect of device]

 Since the present invention is configured as described above, even if a carbon fiber mixed paper heating element is used, temperature runaway does not occur due to the decrease in resistance due to heat generation, and thus it can be used as a panel heater. In addition, it is possible to obtain a portable panel heater by taking advantage of the features of the lightweight and thin heating element, and in combination with the stand that can stably stand and hold this panel heater, it is versatile and practical. Panel heater.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a rear side perspective view of the same.

FIG. 3 is a side view of the same.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of the heating element portion.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a connecting portion between the heating element and a lead wire.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the usage time and current and temperature characteristics of the heating element.

FIG. 7 is a manufacturing process drawing of the same heat disassembly.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the heating element.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a wiring example in the same heating element.

FIG. 10 is a front perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a rear perspective view of the same.

FIG. 12 is a side view of the same.

FIG. 13 is a sectional view of the same portion.

FIG. 14 is a front perspective view of still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing a part of the rear surface side.

FIG. 16 is a side view of the same.

FIG. 17 is a side view showing another aspect of the embodiment.

FIG. 18 is a front perspective view showing still another aspect of the same embodiment.

FIG. 19 is a front perspective view of still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a rear side perspective view of the same.

FIG. 21 is a sectional view of the same portion.

FIG. 22 is a front perspective view of still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a front view showing various embodiments of the panel heater shape of the embodiment.

FIG. 24 is a perspective view showing a power cord lead-out portion of the embodiment.

FIG. 25 is a partial side view showing another aspect of the outer peripheral frame of the embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Panel Heater 2 Heating Element 3 Operation Panel 4 Frame 5 Power Switch 6 Temperature Controller 7 Name Plate Printing Section 8 Stand 9 Stand 10 Heating Element 11 Mixed Paper 12 Electrode 13 Lead Wire 14 Plug 15 Silver Paste 16 Copper Foil 20 Vacuum Chamber 21 Material Carry-in end 22 Carbon fiber mixed paper heating sheet 23 Resin prepreg 24 Roller 25 Power coat 26 Thermostat 32 Arm part 33 Arm part 34 Leg part 35 Connecting part 36 Support arm 37 Support arm 40 Support member 41 Bracket part 42 Bracket part 43 Base part 44 Rear surface 45 screw 46 support 47 grip 50 grip

Claims (3)

[Scope of utility model registration request] 1. A carbon fiber mixed paper sheet, which is made by mixing carbon fibers, bast fibers, and a viscous agent, and at least a part of the carbon fibers is covered with a viscous agent solid content, is embedded in a resin, and electrodes are laid. Then, a panel heater is provided by laying with a frame to form a panel heater, and a stand for standing the panel heater is provided on the frame body. 2. A carbon fiber mixed paper sheet is made of carbon fiber 0.5.
2. The panel heater according to claim 1, wherein the panel heater is composed of wt% and pulp obtained from Mitsumata 99.5 wt%. 3. The panel heater according to claim 1, wherein the carbon fiber mixed paper sheet is obtained by laminating a resin prepreg impregnated with an epoxy resin on a glass fiber woven fabric.