JPH0734694B2 - Evaporative latent heat type local cooling system in the building for cultivation of plants - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a cooling device that utilizes latent heat of vaporization in various cultivation buildings such as greenhouses for plant cultivation, vinyl greenhouses, and mushroom cultivation rooms.

(Prior Art) Conventionally, for example, as a cooling device utilizing latent heat of vaporization of water in a greenhouse for plant cultivation, a long tunnel-like cold air made of a breathable sheet such as a nonwoven fabric having a large number of pores and double ginseng is provided in the greenhouse. A duct is arranged, and the wind is continuously blown into the duct from one end of the cold air duct by a blower, and a fine mist is injected into the duct by an atomizer installed in the duct, and the fine mist is vaporized. There is known a structure in which the air in the duct is cooled by the latent heat and the cooled air is discharged into the greenhouse through a large number of pores on the peripheral surface of the duct, thereby cooling the entire greenhouse.

(Problems to be solved by the invention) However, in the conventional cooling apparatus utilizing latent heat of vaporization, since cooling is performed over the entire area of the greenhouse, the cooling efficiency is poor, and a large amount is required to maintain cooling at a desired temperature. It has the disadvantage of consuming energy, and since the wind sent from the blower into the long cool air duct is in the airless state in the front, a large amount of unvaporized fine mist remains in the front, resulting in cooling in the longitudinal direction of the cool air duct. There was also a drawback that unevenness would occur.

On the other hand, as one means for improving the cooling efficiency, a small house having a relatively narrow growing space is formed in the building with a non-permeable sheet such as vinyl chloride, and a ventilation pipe is arranged in the small house, A local cooling device for hydroponic cultivation has been proposed in which cold air is circulated through a ventilation pipe to cool the inside of a small house.

Therefore, in order to eliminate the disadvantage of the inefficiency of the former (evaporative latent heat type cooling device), it was modified to the latter local cooling type, and the above-mentioned cold air duct was expanded appropriately to form a tunnel-shaped small house with a growth space. Although a blower is provided at one end of the small house, and a vaporization latent heat type local cooling system in which a sprayer is disposed inside is conceivable, such a system only leaves the drawbacks of the above-described cooling unevenness unsolved. Instead, the unvaporized fine mist turns into water droplets, causing fluttering and damage to plants, and for plants with strong wind from the blower, it closes or reduces the pores of the leaves and stops the absorption of carbon dioxide. Or, there is a problem that the growth is reduced and growth is hindered.

An object of the present invention is to improve a conventional vaporization latent heat type cooling device to a local cooling type while solving problems such as uneven cooling, an obstacle due to unvaporized water droplets, and growth inhibition due to blown air damage.

(Means for Solving the Problem) As a means for solving the above-mentioned problems, the present invention configures a long tunnel-shaped small house to be cultivated in a cultivation building, and the small house has a large number of upper surfaces at least. It is formed of a breathable sheet that has almost the same micropores, and inside it,
A ventilation type bench on which cultivated plants are placed is installed at an appropriate height position, and a ventilation duct vertically extending along the entire length in the longitudinal direction of the small house under the bench and a cooling spray for spraying water on the outer periphery of the ventilation duct Nozzles are arranged, and the blower duct is formed into a tube shape with the tip closed or partially opened by a breathable sheet having a large number of fine holes substantially evenly, and the small house is provided at the other end of the blower duct. We propose a vaporization latent heat type local cooling system in the building for cultivation of plants, etc., which is connected to an external fan.

In the breathable sheet used for forming the small house and the air duct in the present invention, a synthetic resin film such as polyvinyl alcohol (for example, vinylon) or polyethylene is stretched in one direction and a number of thin cracks are parallel in the stretching direction. To form a split film,
Split fiber non-woven fabric, which is formed by superposing and joining sheets in a state where the splitting directions are orthogonal to each other and forming fine voids between splits of both split films, various synthetic fibers, filaments of natural fibers, threads, etc. Woven fabric woven horizontally, synthetic resin filaments, threads, tapes, strings and the like, non-woven fabric formed by crossing and fusion with the horizontal, and the above-mentioned breathable sheets,
Alternatively, a multilayer sheet obtained by partially adhering or fusing a reinforcing sheet to a breathable sheet having a large number of fine holes formed in a synthetic resin sheet, and various other sheets are used. The reinforcing sheet allows ventilation from the fine pores of the breathable sheet such as a non-woven fabric made of various fibers, a net, and a cloth. The breathable sheet for small houses is transparent or translucent.

Some of the breathable sheets used for forming the small house have a hygroscopic property, and include a polyvinyl alcohol-based (for example, vinylon) split fiber nonwoven fabric of other hygroscopic synthetic resin, a woven fabric of those fibers, or Nonwoven fabric and the like are preferable.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

(Example) FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 are examples of a vaporization latent heat type local cooling device having a chemical sprayer for controlling pests, and in FIG. 1, a glass greenhouse (1) includes a bench (3). Three long tunnel-shaped small houses (2) are arranged in parallel, and two tubular ventilation ducts (4) (4) are vertically arranged in each small house (2) ... , And flexible blower pipes (6) branching from a blower (5) attached to the upper side wall of the greenhouse (1) are connected to the blower ducts (4), (4), respectively. … Blasted inside.

The details of the small house (2) are as follows.

In FIGS. 2 and 3, the bench (3) is a long table shape in which legs (9) are attached to a ventilation type bench base in which a wire net (8) is stretched in a long rectangular underframe (7). The support of the gate (10) attached to the underframe (7) and the cross rail (11) connecting the members (10) on the upper part of the bench base of the bench (3). A frame is formed, and a semi-transparent breathable cover (12) made of a polyethylene-based split fiber nonwoven fabric is stretched on the support frame to cover the upper part of the bench base, and at the lower part of the bench base, the underframe ( The non-breathable heat insulating sheet (13) attached to 7) is hung in a skirt shape to cover the lower part of the bench base, whereby the upper half of the upper surface and both side surfaces are covered with the breathable cover (12) and the lower half portions of both side surfaces are covered. Form a long tunnel-shaped small house (2), each covered with a heat insulating sheet (13),
In the lower space of the bench stand, for example, two small tubular ventilation ducts (4) and (4) made of a breathable sheet made of vinylon split fiber nonwoven fabric are placed in parallel with each other at appropriate intervals. The longitudinal extension of (2) extends from one end to near the other end, and the ends of the ducts (4) and (4) are closed (14) with a string or the like as shown in the third illustration in this example.
The ducts (4), (4) are hung at a plurality of places by hanging strings (15), and supported horizontally, and further both air ducts (4), (4)
Pipe (16) having downwardly downward spray nozzles (17) at appropriate intervals in the longitudinal direction at an intermediate position above
Is extended from one end in the longitudinal direction of the small house (2) to a position near the other end, and is hung on a bench base by a hanging wire (18) to close the front end of the water supply pipe (16) and the rear end. , A pressure pump (not shown) installed outside the small house (2). In this example, in the central part of the upper space of the bench in the small house (2), in the present example, there is a chemical solution supply pipe (19) for controlling pests, which has chemical solution spray nozzles (20) facing downward at appropriate intervals in the longitudinal direction. Is extended from one end in the longitudinal direction of the small house (2) to a position near the other end and is hung vertically on the supporting frame with a hanging wire (21), and the front end of the supply pipe (19) is closed and the rear end is small. It is connected to a pressure pump (not shown) installed outside the house (2).

(22) ... are pots of plants placed on the bench stand of the bench (3) at intervals.

The operation of the above example will be described. When air is blown into the air ducts (4) (4), ... Of each small house (2) ... by the blower (5) through the blower pipes (6), one small house (2) has a bench. (3) Below, the blower ducts (4), (4) bulge into a cylindrical shape by blowing air, and then the air in the ducts (4), (4) is statically pressured to both ducts (4), (4). ) Along the entire length, fine holes are uniformly discharged from the fine holes on the entire circumferential surface of the duct to the outside of the duct (4), and in that state, the pressure pump pumps water to the water supply pipe (16) at a required high pressure, and each spray nozzle. (17)
When fine mist is sprayed from the blower ducts (4) and (4) toward the outer circumference of the entire length, the fine mist touches the breeze air from the blower ducts (4) and (4) and is vaporized, and its latent heat. The breeze is cooled by means of these breeze slowly flowing through the pots (22) of the plant from the bottom to the top of the bench (3), thereby cooling the inside of the small house (2), and then the small house ( It is released from the fine holes of 2) to the outside of the small house (2).

In this case, a slight breeze is uniformly emitted from the entire length of the blower ducts (4) and (4), and fine mist is jetted from the jet nozzles (17) to the outer circumference of the full length of the blower ducts (4) and (4). As a result, substantially uniform vaporization is performed over the entire length of the air ducts (4) and (4), and as a result, uniform cooling is achieved over the entire length of the small house (2).

Further, since the fine mist from the spray nozzles (17) is injected only into the breeze zone around the blower ducts (4) and (4), a small amount remains unvaporized. Even if a considerable amount of unvaporized fine mist remains and water droplets are generated, most of them are generated under the bench (3), so they do not cause fluttering damage to plants.

Furthermore, since the breeze cooled by the latent heat of vaporization flows slowly between the plants from the bottom to the top, it maintains the healthy absorption of carbon dioxide without closing or reducing the pores of the plant medicine. .

The steam generated in the small house (2) by the vaporization of the fine mist is released to the outside of the small house through the fine holes of the breathable cover (12) together with some cold air. Water vapor is not saturated in the small house (2) due to the discharge to the small house (2), whereby the vaporization of the fine mist in the small house (2) and the cooling of the small house (2) by the latent heat of vaporization are continued. That is, the partial discharge of the cool air to the outside of the small house (2) is sufficiently compensated to maintain the cooling in the small house (2).

As another method of use, dry air dehumidified by a dehumidifier or the like, or dry cold air dehumidified and cooled by a heat pump or the like is blown by the blower (5) to the air duct (4),
(4) In some cases, it is pumped into the inside, and according to them, vaporization of the fine mist is further promoted and the cooling effect is improved.

When the chemicals for controlling pests are applied to the pots (22) in the small house (2), the cooling action by the air ducts (4) and (4) and the spray nozzles (17) is temporarily stopped or continued as it is. At the same time, the spray pump (2) pressurizes the chemical solution into the chemical solution supply pipe (19) at a high pressure suitable for applying the chemical solution.
0) ... is sprayed with a fine mist to carry out desired pest control. In this case, since the chemical solution is sprayed to the narrow space in the small house (2), effective chemical solution application without waste is performed by spraying a small amount of the chemical solution for a short time.

In addition, a timer is connected to the blower (5), the pressure pump for pumping water to the water supply pipe (16), the pressure pump for pumping chemical liquid to the chemical liquid supply pipe (19), etc. It may be configured so that cooling and chemical spraying are automatically controlled.

Further, in this device, fresh air is constantly supplied from the air ducts (4) and (4) into the small house (2),
Then, since it is released to the outside of the small house, carbon dioxide and oxygen necessary for cultivating plants and mushrooms are sufficiently supplied inside the small house.

Further, in the winter season and the like, the water vapor in the small house (2) is cooled by the cold air outside the small house and tends to be condensed on the inner surface of the breathable cover (12).
Since it is in continuous communication with the inside of the greenhouse (1) through a large number of fine holes, it is difficult for dew condensation on the inner surface of the cover (12). In addition, even if dew condensation occurs on the inner surface of the cover (12), many The dew condensation water is vaporized by the air flowing from the inside to the outside through the fine pores and is discharged to the outside, thereby preventing the generation of dew condensation water to the extent that water drops harmful to plants are dropped.

In this case, in the example in which the breathable cover (12) is replaced with a nonwoven fabric made of a hygroscopic synthetic resin such as vinylon, dew condensation should occur on the inner surface of the breathable and hygroscopic cover. At this time, the dew condensation water is absorbed by the cover and removed from the inner surface of the cover, and moreover, the moisture absorbed by the air flowing out from the inside through the many fine holes of the cover is vaporized and discharged to the outside. The action of absorbing condensed water is maintained.

Next, a liquid fertilizer supply pipe having a liquid fertilizer spray nozzle is similarly placed in the small house in place of the chemical liquid supply pipe (19) for controlling pests in FIGS. 2 and 3, and water and fertilizer are appropriately mixed. The liquid fertilizer may be pressure-fed to the liquid fertilizer supply pipe at a high pressure suitable for liquid fertilizer application by a pressure pump outside the small house so as to be ejected as fine mist from the spray nozzle. In this example,
A large amount of the sprayed liquid fertilizer mist is applied to the leaf surface of the plant for foliar fertilization, but in this case as well, effective application of fertilizer can be performed without waste by spraying a small amount of liquid fertilizer for a short time.

Instead of the chemical liquid supply pipe (19) in FIGS. 2 and 3, a irrigation water supply pipe having a irrigation spray nozzle is similarly installed, and water is pumped to the supply pipe by a pressure pump outside the small house at a pressure suitable for irrigation. Alternatively, it may be directly pumped from a water pipe and ejected from a spray nozzle. In this example, a large amount of fine mist for irrigation is applied to the leaf surface of the plant to perform medicated watering. Even in this case, effective irrigation without waste can be performed by spraying a small amount of water for a short time, especially when a large amount of foliar irrigation is required at a rootless stage of growth such as cuttings and shoots. The water can be applied in a short time without waste.

When spraying each of the above-mentioned chemicals, liquid fertilizer and irrigation and the above-mentioned cooling at the same time, the fine mist of the sprayed chemicals or the like usually drops in a short time, but slowly rises from the bottom to the top in the small house (2). A small house (2) whose descent is suppressed by cooling breeze
It floats inside for a considerable amount of time, which also provides sufficient supply for overlapping leaves.

(Effect of the invention) According to the vaporization latent heat type local cooling device in the building for cultivating plants etc. of the present invention, since fine mist is supplied from the cooling spray nozzle to the fine wind uniformly discharged from the entire length of the air duct, Allows almost uniform vaporization over the entire length of the blower duct to provide uniform cooling over the entire length of the long small house.Also, a slight breeze can be obtained from any position on the outer circumference of the blower duct to which the fine mist is supplied. Since it is released, the fine mist remains unvaporized, and even if a considerable amount of unvaporized fine mist remains and produces water droplets, most of it occurs under the bench. Can prevent the failure of
In addition, the wind over the plants on the bench is a gentle breeze that flows slowly from bottom to top through the bench, thus maintaining healthy carbon dioxide absorption without closing or shrinking the stomata of the plant leaves. Therefore, local cooling with high cooling efficiency can be achieved while exhibiting such effects.

[Brief description of drawings]

The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 1 is a vertical schematic sectional view of a greenhouse, Fig. 2 is an enlarged transverse sectional view of a small house, and Fig. 3 is an enlarged side view of the small house with a part thereof omitted. . 1 ... Greenhouse, 2 ... Small house, 3 ... Bench, 4 ... Blower duct, 5 ... Blower, 12 ... Breathable cover, 17 ...
Cooling spray nozzle, 20 ... Chemical spray nozzle for pest control.

Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-60-60439 (JP, A) Actually opened 57-95928 (JP, U) Actually opened 49-16438 (JP, U) JP-B 49-29494 (JP , B2) Actual public 51-31302 (JP, Y2) Actual public 37-24929 (JP, Y2) Actual public 35-15241 (JP, Y2)

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A long tunnel-shaped small house to be cultivated in a building for cultivation, wherein the small house is formed of a breathable cover whose upper surface has at least a number of fine holes substantially evenly. Inside,
A ventilation type bench for placing cultivated plants is installed at an appropriate height position, and a ventilation duct vertically running along the entire length in the longitudinal direction of the small house under the bench and cooling for spraying water on the entire circumference of the ventilation duct A spray nozzle is arranged, and the blower duct is formed in a tube shape with a tip closed or partially opened by a breathable sheet having a large number of fine holes substantially evenly. A vaporization latent heat type local cooling system in a building for cultivation of plants, etc., connected to a blower outside the house. 2. A vaporization inside a building for cultivating plants or the like according to claim 1, wherein a chemical solution spray nozzle for spraying a chemical solution for controlling pests is arranged above the bench in the small house. Latent heat type local cooling system. 3. A vaporization latent heat type local in the building for cultivating plants etc. according to claim 1, wherein a liquid fertilizer spray nozzle for spraying liquid fertilizer is arranged above the bench in the small house. Air conditioner. 4. A vaporization latent heat type local in a building for cultivating plants etc. according to claim 1, wherein a sprinkling nozzle for sprinkling irrigation water is arranged above the bench in the small house. Air conditioner.