JP2515248B2 - High-humidity high-temperature production / maintenance device for high-humidity high-temperature cultivation of plants - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a high-humidity and high-temperature production maintaining device in high-humidity and high-temperature cultivation which is effectively used for cultivating plants and the like, and particularly for growing grafts and cuttings.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, grafting and cutting have been actively used for the production of seedlings such as tomatoes, cucumbers and eggplants.
A high humidity environment of about 85 to 95% under high temperature is required. Therefore, conventionally, as a method for high-humidity and high-temperature cultivation of these seedlings, a mat made of sponge, felt, etc. is laid in an open house of a transparent vinyl sheet in a warm season such as summer, and a graft or the like is set on the mat and the mat is formed. There is a mat irrigation method in which water is constantly added to the inside of the house to raise the temperature inside the house by solar heat and the moisture in the mat is vaporized to increase the humidity inside the house. Not only the humidity could not be maintained, but also water droplets adhered to the seedlings, which had an adverse effect on its growth, and the water droplets generated on the inner surface of the small house fell on the seedlings, causing fatal damage. . On the other hand, as a test method, a graft or the like is set in the grow chamber to supply high humidity water vapor while maintaining high temperature under artificial light, but the grow chamber is expensive and costly to operate. However, even if the size is increased, the cost only increases, and inexpensive mass cultivation cannot be expected.

The first invention of the present application provides a high humidity / high temperature generation / maintenance device for high humidity / high temperature cultivation of plants or the like, which can generate and maintain high humidity / high temperature and prevent generation of water droplets, and also enables large-scale cultivation at low cost. Another object of the present invention is to provide a high-humidity high-temperature production / maintenance device for high-humidity high-temperature cultivation of plants or the like that produces high humidity sufficiently and uniformly, together with the problems of the first invention. .

As a means for attaining the above object, the first invention of the present application is to install a tunnel-shaped cultivation small house formed in the building by a breathable cover having at least a large number of fine holes substantially evenly on the upper surface. Install a ventilation type bench to support plants at an appropriate height in the house, below the bench,
A tube with a closed end or a partial opening formed of a breathable sheet having a number of fine holes substantially evenly, which is connected to an external blower for sending warm air under pressure and passed vertically through the entire length of the small house. Alternatively, a plurality of air leak ducts and a large number of spray nozzles that should eject a fine mist of water toward the warm air discharged from each of the fine holes of the air leak duct are arranged, and the blower is provided with warm outdoor air outside the building. To provide outside air intake for taking in, inside air intake for taking in warm inside air of the building, and warm air intake connected to the warm air generator, and to take in warm air selectively from the above intake to the blower We proposed a high humidity high temperature generation maintaining device for high humidity high temperature cultivation of plants etc.

The second invention of the present application is the same as the first invention,
A high-humidity high-temperature production / maintenance device is proposed in which a spray nozzle is arranged in a passage for blowing air into a leak duct by a blower, and a fine mist is added from the spray nozzle to warm air to be pressure-fed into the leak duct.

In the "breathable cover" of the small house and the "breathable sheet" of the air leak duct in the present invention, a synthetic resin film of polyvinyl alcohol (for example, vinylon) or polyethylene is stretched in one direction. A number of thin cracks are put in parallel in the stretching direction to form a split fiber film, and two split fiber films are polymerized and joined in a state in which the split directions are orthogonal to each other, and splits in both split fiber films are formed. A split fiber non-woven fabric having fine voids formed therebetween, a normal non-woven fabric made of various fibers, a woven fabric made of various filaments, threads and the like, and other various breathable sheets are used.

The above-mentioned "breathable cover" and "breathable sheet" may be hygroscopic, for example, polyvinyl alcohol-based (for example, vinylon) or other hygroscopic synthetic resin split fiber non-woven fabric, ordinary non-woven fabric, woven fabric. I have cloth. Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

[0008]

EXAMPLE In FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, four long tunnel-shaped cultivation small houses (2) are housed in a glass-covered greenhouse (1).
, Which are installed in parallel with each other, and have a tubular air leak duct (3) longitudinally passed through each small house (2) ..., and a blower pipe (4) branched from a blower (4) attached to the upper side wall of the greenhouse (1). 5)
... are connected to each other.

Details of the small cultivation house (2) are as follows. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, in a long table-like plant support bench (6) in which legs (9) are attached to a ventilation type bench base in which a wire net (8) is stretched in a rectangular underframe (7). , A support material (10) on the upper part of the underframe (7) ,, (1
1) is formed into a tunnel-shaped support frame, and a semi-transparent breathable cover (12) made of vinylon split fiber non-woven fabric is stretched on the support frame to cover the upper part of the bench base and the underframe ( 7) A non-breathable heat-insulating sheet (13) attached to the outside is hung in a skirt shape to cover the lower part of the bench base, whereby a long tunnel-shaped small house (2) having a bench base at approximately the middle height position inside is formed. A tubular air leak duct (3) made of a breathable sheet made of polyethylene split fiber non-woven fabric is formed in the lower space of the bench base of the small house (2), as an example, in the longitudinal direction of the small house. The suspension string (14) is hung vertically along the entire length and is horizontally supported by a suspension string (14), and spray nozzles (16), (1
6 ') ... two water supply pipes (15), (1)
5 ') is horizontally piped. The tip of the air leak duct (3) is tied with a string to close it, and it may be partially opened.

The water supply pipes (15) and (15 ') are supported by a support rod (1) horizontally attached to the lower surface of the bench base.
7) and (17 ') are respectively supported by hanging metal fittings (18) ..., and one of the spray nozzles (16) ... is the base end of the air leak duct (3). 3 toward the right), the other spray nozzles (16 ') ... The front end of the air leak duct (3) is directed toward the shaft (left in FIG. 3), and the air leak duct (3) is slightly inclined. Therefore, if water is sent under pressure to both the water supply pipes (15) and (15 '), fine mist from one spray nozzle (16) ... group will flow to the base end of the air leakage duct and the other nozzle (16'). ... The fine mist from the group is ejected to the tip of the air leakage duct, and by the spray in the opposite direction, the convection of the fine mist as shown by the arrow in Fig. 5 is generated under the bench table. Make it uniform in the longitudinal direction.

The blower (4) is provided with an outside air intake (22) having an opening / closing lid (21) on the rear surface of the propeller (20) of the blower box (19) as shown in FIG. Communication port (2 with lid (23)
4), the auxiliary box (25) is connected in series, and the warm air intake port (28) opened on one surface of the box (25)
A warm air generator (26) such as a warm air blower or a heat pump is connected to the inside of the greenhouse via a pipe (27), and the other side has an inside air intake port (30) with an opening / closing lid (29) that opens to the upper part of the greenhouse (1).
Is provided. (34) is the wall of the greenhouse.

The operation of the above example will now be described. Place the seedling box (B) in which seedlings such as grafts and cuttings are planted on the wire net (8) of the bench (6), and then, in the summer, as an example, open the intake port (22) of high temperature outside air. In this state, by starting the blower (4), warm air is pressure-fed into the air leak duct (3) through the blower pipe (5) and the water supply pipe (15),
When water is pumped to (15 ') by a high-pressure pump (not shown), first, the warm air pumped into the air leak duct (3) is uniformly distributed from the fine holes on the entire circumferential surface of the duct (3) due to static pressure. It becomes a slight breeze and flows out of the duct (3), then passes upward through the wire net (8) of the bench (6) and flows into the air permeable cover (12) of the small house, and many fine air permeable covers are provided. It is discharged from the holes to the outside of the small house (2), thereby keeping the inside of the small house at a high temperature. Meanwhile, the water supply pipe (15), (1
The water pumped into the 5 ') is the nozzles (16) ..., (1
6 ') is injected as fine mist under the bench base, these fine mist is contacted with the high temperature breeze from the leak duct (3) to be vaporized, and the vaporized vapor passes through the bench base metal net (8). The fine mist under the bench that was not vaporized and was supplied to the space above the bench was dropped into water droplets, and almost none of the mist rose above the bench. When vaporizing the fine mist, a cooling action occurs due to the latent heat of vaporization, but the temperature drop in the small house is slightly suppressed by the high-temperature breeze.
As described above, the water vapor is continuously supplied to the space on the bench base to reach the high humidity, but the water vapor having the high humidity is heated from the fine holes of the breathable cover (12) together with the warm air to the small house (2). The water is gradually released to the outside, whereby the water vapor on the bench stand does not reach a saturated state and maintains high humidity. If the water vapor on the bench base is kept unsaturated in this manner, water droplets will not adhere to the seedlings, and water droplets will not occur on the inner surface of the breathable cover (12).

In addition, the breathable cover (1) of the small house (2)
2) is in a state in which it is difficult to cause dew condensation because air is constantly ventilated in and out through a large number of fine holes to almost eliminate the temperature difference between the inside and the outside, and even if dew occurs on the inner surface of the cover (12), The dew condensation water is vaporized by the air flowing out from the inside through the large number of fine holes and is discharged to the outside of the small house (2), so that the dew condensation water which causes fatal dropping of seedlings is not generated.

In this case, since the breathable cover (12) is made of a hygroscopic vinylon split fiber nonwoven fabric, should dew condensation occur on the inner surface of the breathable cover (12), the condensed water is covered. Is absorbed, and then the absorbed moisture is vaporized by the air flowing out from the inside through the large number of fine pores to be released to the outside, whereby the dew condensation water absorbing action of the cover is continued.

When the temperature of inside air and outside air is low, such as in winter,
Only the communication port (24) of the blower (4) is opened, and the hot air of the warm air generator (26) is pressure-fed into the air leakage duct (3).

As another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4, a humidification box (31a) is connected between the blower box (19) and the blower pipes (5) ...
1a) is equipped with spray nozzles (33a), (33a) on a water supply pipe (32a), whereby air blown by a blower (4) into a leak duct (3) is
A fine mist is added from the spray nozzles (33a) and (33a), and the other structure is substantially the same as the above example. According to this example, the spray nozzles (33a), (33a)
Most of the fine mist added from is vaporized while passing through the humidification box (31a) and the blower pipe (5), and the water vapor is discharged into the small house together with air from many fine holes of the air leak duct (3). To be done. Thereby, the high humidity in the small house is increased and the desired value is quickly reached. The air leak duct (3) in this example may be made of a hygroscopic split fiber nonwoven fabric such as vinylon.

As another embodiment of convection of the fine mist under the bench, as shown in FIG. 6, two water supply pipes (15b) and (15'b) are installed on the air leak duct (3). Bending into a corrugated shape on a horizontal plane and each bent portion to a leak duct (3)
Located on the left and right sides of the upper part of the pipe and intersecting each other on the center line of the air leakage duct (3),
Of the spray nozzles (16b) ... (16'b) attached to the respective bent portions of (b), (15'b), the nozzles (16b), (16'b), (16) arranged side by side on the upper side of the air leakage duct.
Nozzles (16'b), (16b), (16 ') arranged diagonally across the spray direction of b), (16'b) ... on the air leak duct (3) and aligned on the other side in the direction of the oblique tip of the air leak duct. b),
Similarly, (16b) ... is diagonally crossed and directed toward the diagonal base end direction of the air leak duct. According to this example,
The amount of spray can be increased or decreased according to the purpose by supplying water to two water supply pipes at the same time or supplying water to only one water supply pipe. Moreover, in any case, it can be sprayed evenly, so 2
When a high-pressure pump or the like is connected to each of the water supply pipes, water can be alternately supplied to the two water supply pipes to prevent overheating of the pumps and the like.

[0018]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the apparatus for maintaining and producing high temperature and high humidity in high temperature and high temperature cultivation of plants and the like according to the first aspect of the present invention, it is possible to maintain high temperature in a small house at high cost without saturating the generated steam. The humidity can be maintained, and the warm air can be supplied economically by selectively opening and closing the intake ports for the outside air, the inside air, and the warm air of the blower. Moreover, the air-permeable cover of the small house prevents the generation of dew condensation on the inner surface of the house, and under the ventilation type bench that supports the plants in the small house, the air is blown by the air leakage duct and the spray nozzle. By vaporizing the water vapor, the water vapor due to the vaporization rises and is supplied to the surroundings of the plant, and most of the fine mist that remains without being vaporized does not fall as water droplets and fall onto the plant. It is possible to effectively graft or root cuttings and root them.

According to the apparatus for maintaining and producing high-humidity and high-temperature in high-humidity and high-temperature cultivation of plants and the like according to the second invention of the present application, in addition to the effect of the first invention, the high temperature in the small house is further increased,
The desired high humidity can be reached quickly. According to the high humidity and high temperature generation and maintenance apparatus for high humidity and high temperature cultivation of plants and the like of the third invention of the present application, in addition to the effect of the first invention, by making the spray directions of the two spray nozzle groups opposite to each other. By causing convection in the sprayed fine mist, the fine mist can be made uniform in the longitudinal direction in the small house. According to the high-humidity and high-temperature production maintaining device in the high-humidity and high-temperature cultivation of plants and the like of the fourth invention of the present application, in addition to the effect of the first invention, both or one of the two water supply pipes is maintained while maintaining uniform spraying. The amount of spray can be increased or decreased by supplying water to.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical cut schematic diagram of a greenhouse.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a small cultivation house.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial cutaway side view of a small cultivation house.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged vertical cut side view of a blower portion.

FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view showing a spraying method in a small cultivation house.

FIG. 6 is a schematic line plan view showing another embodiment of the spraying method.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Greenhouse 2 Small cultivation house 3 Leak duct 4 Blower 6 Bench 12 Breathable cover 16, 16 ', 16b, 16'b, 33a Spray nozzles 21, 23, 29 Open / close lid 22 Outside air intake 24 Communication port 26 Warm air generator 28 Warm air intake 30 Inside air intake

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A tunnel-shaped cultivation small house, which is formed of a breathable cover having at least a large number of fine holes substantially evenly in its upper surface, is installed in a building, and a plant is supported at an appropriate height in the small house. Ventilation for
A type bench is installed, and under the bench, there is a large number of fine holes that are evenly distributed.
A tip that is made of a vapor sheet or has a partially open tip.
It is a tube and is connected to an external blower that should send warm air under pressure.
One or more of them run through the entire length of the small house
Of the air leakage duct and each of the fine holes in the above air leakage duct.
Numerous spray nozzles that should eject a fine mist of water toward the warmth
To place warm air outside the building into the blower.
The outside air intake and the warm inside air of the building were taken in.
Warm air connected to the internal air intake and the warm air generator
In addition to providing an intake, warm air from the above intake
A high-humidity and high-temperature generation and maintenance device for high-humidity and high-temperature cultivation of plants and the like , which is provided with an opening / closing lid for selectively introducing into a blower . 2. The air blower blows air into a leak duct.
A spray nozzle is placed in the air passage, and pressure is fed into the air leakage duct.
A fine mist is added from the above spray nozzle to the warmth
The high-humidity / high-temperature generation / maintenance device according to claim 1. 3. A large number of spray nozzles in the small house are set up.
Divide into two groups that are parallel to the longitudinal direction of the air leak duct, one
The direction of spray from each spray nozzle of the group of
One end is the crocodile, and the spray direction from each spray nozzle of the other group
The substantially other end of the air leakage duct is directed to the alligator, respectively.
Alternatively, the high-humidity / high-temperature generation / maintenance device according to item 2. 4. The two groups of spray nozzles are two water supply pipes.
To the left and right on a substantially horizontal plane above the leak duct.
Bend it into a corrugated shape and pipe it while crossing each other continuously.
Spray attached to each bent part of two water supply pipes
Left side of the nozzle parallel to the longitudinal direction of the air leak duct
Consisting of one group lined up on the right and another group lined up on the right side as well.
The high humidity high temperature generation maintaining device according to claim 3.