JPH0813226B2 - Grafting seedling curing method and grafting seedling curing device - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to tomatoes, eggplants, bell peppers, watermelons, melons, cucumbers, carnations, kasumi grasses and other fruit vegetables, and herbs such as flowers and roses, lilacs, grapes, apples and the like. The present invention relates to a method for curing grafted seedlings of sweet potato, strawberry, chrysanthemum, etc. for a virus or viroid test of woody plants such as flowering trees or fruit trees, or tissue culture seedlings, and a curing device for grafted seedlings.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art It is generally known that seedlings are produced by grafting for the purpose of disease control, imparting robustness, breeding of vegetatively propagated plants which are difficult to cut, and the like.
The demand for grafted seedlings is increasing due to the expansion of scale, the advancement of specialization, or the aging of growers, but the current grafting technology must meet the above demand both in terms of quantity and cost. It is difficult.

In recent years, many free seedlings of viruses and the like have been produced by tissue culture, but the grafting method may be used for these virus or viroid tests, which is effective for grafting. The current situation is that there is no good way. Then, conventionally, after grafting, the seedlings were cured in a greenhouse covering environment.

[0004]

The curing of the above-mentioned known grafts in a greenhouse covering environment has a low survival rate and a large seasonal variation in the survival rate. In addition, even if the graft is apparently normal, it is a serious problem that the graft becomes meaningless because it grows into large seedlings or roots from the bottom of the scion and invades into the soil after transplanting to this field. There was a point. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a grafting seedling curing method and a grafting device capable of increasing grafting survival efficiency and efficiently producing grafted seedlings in large quantities.

[0005]

Means for Solving the Problems A method for curing grafted seedlings according to the present invention is to join a rootstock of a seedling to a rootstock of a seedling and to hold the joined portion in a joined state by a holding means or the like. Then, the large number of grafted seedlings planted in a plane are carried into a seedling storage section having a plurality of upper and lower shelves of a survival promotion device, and the temperature and humidity are appropriately adjusted in the survival promotion device. The air, in the horizontal direction substantially orthogonal to the lengthwise direction of the seedlings including the joint, and for each of the seedlings placed on a plurality of upper and lower shelves of the seedling storage portion. It is characterized in that it is adjusted so as to be uniform, and is cured at least until the joint portion is alive in a state of being forcedly flowed and circulated. The grafted seedling curing apparatus according to the present invention is a seedling storage unit having a plurality of upper and lower shelves capable of mounting a large number of grafted seedlings that are planted in a planar shape by jointly holding a scion on a seedling rootstock. And an air circulation means for forcibly circulating air in the seedling storage portion so that the air flows horizontally, and each grafted seedling which is interposed in the air circulation means and placed on a plurality of upper and lower shelves of the seedling storage portion. A survival promoting apparatus having air flow adjusting means for adjusting the air flow so that the air flows substantially evenly, temperature adjusting means for adjusting the temperature of the air, and humidity adjusting means for adjusting the humidity of the air. And a control means for controlling the air circulating means, the temperature adjusting means and the humidity adjusting means.

[0006]

[Function] Raise seedlings and scion seedlings and cut the seedlings with a thin and sharp cutter like a razor blade,
The cutting surface of the scion is joined to the cutting surface of the rootstock, and the joining portion is held by a holder or the like so that the joining state is constant. A tray in which a large number of grafted seedlings thus obtained were planted in a plane was immediately carried into the seedling storage section of the survival promotion device for controlling temperature, humidity, etc. and placed on each of the upper and lower shelves. The air circulation means allows the grafted seedlings in the seedling storage section to flow from a horizontal direction that is substantially orthogonal to the lengthwise direction of the seedlings.
The air is circulated and the air flow adjusting means allows the air to flow substantially evenly to the grafted seedlings on each of the upper and lower shelves, and at least the joints are cured until they become alive. In the above survival promoting device, it is desirable that the temperature of the circulating air be 2
5 to 30 ° C., humidity is controlled to 70 to 100%, and at the same time, the air in the seedling storage unit in the survival promotion device is forcedly pressed or sucked from one side so that the air in the seedling storage unit in the survival promotion device is The wind speed is set to 30-80 cm / sec.

[0007]

EXAMPLE (1) An example of the present invention will be described with respect to a graft of tomato. As a scion, Homarare 114, Momotaro, House Momotaro, as a rootstock, KNVF R-3, joint, BF Okitsu 101. , Disease-resistant Shinko No. 1 and the like, and the rootstock raising container has a tray with a large number of cells, for example, a planar shape of 51 × 30
cm and 51 holes, each hole has a surface area of 17
cm ² , depth 5.5 cm, capacity 67 ml, rootstock 1 was seeded by filling the culture soil into each of the above holes, and the true leaves were about 2.5 leaves (average value of 5 leaves) in a greenhouse. 0.5 cm, number of leaves 2.3
Seedlings were grown to a stem diameter of 1.8 mm). Hogi 2
Grow as a flat seed in a nursery box or transplant after germination,
The seedlings were grown in a greenhouse at about the same time as the rootstock 1 until the number of true leaves was about 3 as in the rootstock 1. When the rootstock 1 and the scion 2 are in a suitable time for grafting as described above, the rootstock 1 as tray 3 is placed as a group seedling on the workbench all at once, and the upper part of the cotyledon of each seedling is cut with a safety razor blade. Cut diagonally at an angle of about 60 degrees.

Next, at the cut end of the rootstock 1, an elastic material tubular holder 4 made of rubber or synthetic resin is used as an example of a holding means.
Mating. This holder 4 has a large number of grooves in the outer peripheral length direction and one slit 5, and the upper and lower end faces may be perpendicular to the length direction, but are inclined in the same direction, and this inclination direction is set as a base. By matching and fitting the cut surface of the tree 1,
The cutting surface of the scion 2 is parallel to the cutting surface of the stock 1 only by inserting the cutting surface of the scion 2 into the inclination direction of the upper end of the holder 4 and inserting it from the upper end of the holder 4. The whole can be joined very easily and tightly. It should be noted that grafting is possible even if the stem diameter of the rootstock 1 and the scion 2 is about 1 mm, and the holder 4 may be replaced with a means or the like for holding the joined state by applying an instant adhesive around the joint. it can.

When the grafting of all the trays is completed in this way, the tray 3 as it is is carried into the shelf in the survival promotion device 10.

Next, the survival promotion device 10 will be described with reference to FIG.
Inside, a heat insulating inner structure 15 serving as a box-shaped seedling accommodating portion having opposite side walls of the blown perforated plate 12 and the sucked perforated plate 13 is provided with the air passage 16 and the pressurizing chamber 17 separated from each other. 16 has a cooler 18, an electric heater 19 and a humidifier 20 at the lower part of one side.
Are provided between the end of the air passage 16 and the upper portion of the pressurizing chamber 17, and a plurality of blower fans 8 that are blown downward are provided to connect the suction side and the discharge side of the heat insulating exterior 11. Ventilation hole 21,
22, the CO ₂ gas of the CO ₂ cylinder 28a is passed through the electromagnetic control valve 23, and the nozzle 2 on the suction side of the blower fan 8 is provided.
It is jetted from 8b and mixed with the air whose temperature and humidity are controlled.

The control panel 24 has a built-in microcomputer, and has a temperature controller 25, a humidity controller 26, a temperature control switch 27, and C.
The control panel includes an O ₂ switch 28, a wind controller 29, and the like. The temperature and humidity are controlled by a temperature / humidity sensor 25a, a temperature upper limit thermometer 25b, and a set value of the temperature controller 25 and the humidity controller 26. cooler 18 or the electric heaters 19 by the output from 24, to operate the humidifier 20 controls the room temperature and humidity, CO ₂ concentration CO ₂ monitor 3
According to the detected value of 0 and the set value of the control panel 24, the electromagnetic control valve 2
3 is operated and controlled, the wind speed is controlled by adjusting the rotation speed of the blower fan 8 by the wind force controller 29, and the air pressure is substantially averaged in the pressurizing chamber 17, and then the blown perforated plate 12 is adjusted. The blown perforated plate 12 flows into the heat insulating inner structure 15 through the formed holes.
The wind pressure is further averaged in the space 33b provided on the side of the.

The temperature, humidity and wind speed are set according to the type of plant to be cured, the curing time, etc., but the temperature is 25 to 30 ° C., the humidity is 70 to 100%, and the CO _{2 is} 600 to.
It is controlled within a range of 1200 ppm and a wind speed of 30 to 80 cm / sec, and the holes of the blow-in perforated plate 12 and the suction perforated plate 13 are changed so that the wind speed of any part is substantially uniform, and the area of the holes can be adjusted. It is desirable to keep.

A plurality of shelves 33 are provided in the heat insulating inner structure 15.
The shelf frame 33 having a is accommodated, and a large number of fluorescent lamps or other illuminators 35 ... Are attached to the lower surfaces of the second and higher shelf plates 33a and the top plate 34. It is controlled in the range of 3000 to 10000 Lx by controlling the number of lights or voltage control.

In curing the tomato grafted seedlings, the above-mentioned grafted seedlings are carried in together with the tray 3 and each shelf board 33a.
..Arranged on top, temperature: 28 degrees C, humidity: 85-95%,
Illumination: 5000Lx, CO ₂ concentration: 600~900pp
m, wind speed: When curing was performed while controlling at 50 to 70 cm / sec, the airflow controlled at the above wind speed showed the shelf plate 33.
The air released from the leaves and stems of the grafted seedlings placed on a is supplied and new air controlled under the above conditions is supplied, and the air flowing at a higher flow velocity than the leaves at the stems is the rootstock. 1 smoothly blows around the joint between 1 and the scion 2, while preventing good humidity in the joint during that, good ventilation is achieved around the joint, thereby providing a substantially set humidity and around the joint. The physiological activity was promoted by keeping the temperature.

Further, as a result of properly growing the grafted seedlings thus cured or transplanting them directly into the main field and cultivating them, rooting from the joints can be prevented as shown in Table 1. It was

[0016] Variety: KK = NVF R-3, H = Homare 114, T = Disease-resistant Shinko No. 1 M = Momotaro Rooting from the lower part of the panicle; Average value of scores 5 to 1, all of the methods did not reach the ground.

The curing period by the survival promoting device 10 was only 4 days, and the average plant height was 11.6 cm, the number of leaves was 4.9, and the stem diameter was 3.6 mm. Even when paying attention while carrying in the above-mentioned carry-in, the grafted seedling sways, but the scion 2 is very young and light, the number of leaves is small, and the area is small, so the inside of the heat insulation inside 15 The air was forced to flow, but the resistance was small, and the joint surface with the rootstock 1 did not separate or shift.
The following table shows the experimental results comparing the curing under the above conditions and the conventional curing performed in the greenhouse.

[0018]

As is clear from the above experimental results, any of the conventional grafting methods (covering in greenhouse) can be used regardless of the survival rate, plant height showing growth, number of leaves, fresh weight, and cotyledon growth showing seedling growth. A significant significant difference was obtained. It should be noted that fruit vegetables other than tomatoes can be implemented by almost the same method.

Since carnations have low heat resistance, the most common crop cultivating type in Japan is the warm-sea ordinary cultivation, avoiding the summer harvest and planting in May-June, and from October to the end of May to early June of the following year. Harvested. At present, carnation grafting is not carried out, but heat resistance and robustness are also given to the scion by grafting carnations as scion with excellent heat resistance and robustness. The harvesting period can be extended from June to July, and a new cropping pattern aimed at production during the summer shortage period, in which only a small amount of cut flowers produced in cool regions are circulated, is industrially useful. Example (2) When cuttings and grafts are carried out at the same time, as rootstocks, those having carnation and affinity in the same Dianthus genus, heat resistance, robustness and relatively thick stems, for example, Visiona decico (Also known as American Dianthus; Dianth
us barbatus L. ) And Fujina Desico (aka Hamanadeshiko; Dianthus japonicu)
s Thunb. ) Is preferably used. Cut the tip of the vigorous buds about 10cm in length in September of the previous year, cut them into buds, and root them. At the time of rooting, plant them in a No. 5 plastic pot or planter and use them for the stock of rootstock. To grow a large number of armpit buds with good momentum. From around February to April, pick out the buds that have grown to about 10 cm from this, and pick the stems whose base internodes have grown to about 2 cm with a sharp knife (such as a stainless steel razor blade). Cut to make the cross section smooth by sharpening it to about 30 degrees to the vertical direction. The holder 4 is fitted in the cut-off point in this manner. The scion may be any of the practical varieties of carnations to be cultivated. The axillary buds generated during the cultivation of virus-free (healthy) strains are scraped off, and the stem near the base is smoothed at an angle of 30 ° with a sharp blade. Cut carefully so that it becomes. The cut scion is inserted into the hole of the holder 4 so as to be aligned with the cut surface of the stock, and the cut surface is sufficiently press-bonded. After joining, insert the rootstock into the tray 3 with sterilized vermiculite as a soil, temperature 25 ° C, humidity 95%, light intensity 5000 to 1
The product is stored in the survival promotion device 10 controlled at 0000 LX and a wind speed of 30 cm / sec, and cured for 7 to 15 days. When they survive, they leave the warehouse and grow in the normal nursery room. In order to shorten the number of days of storage in the apparatus even slightly, a rooting promoter such as auxins may be applied to the soil for inserting the rootstock. If you want to shorten the number of days required for storage, insert only the rootstock once and keep it under high humidity conditions in a normal greenhouse for about 10 days. You may cut | disconnect with a sharp blade, carry out grafting operation, and store in the survival promotion apparatus 10 as already described there. With these, 95% or more of live seedlings can be obtained.

Example (3) In the woody plant of the above example (2), cherry blossoms (rootstock is Kaido), magnolias (rootstock is fist), flower dogwood (rootstock is flower dogwood, flower color and characteristics are usually Same as below), plums (rootstocks are plums), peaches (rootstocks are peaches), bayberry (rootstocks are bayberry), loaby (rootstocks are roby), and mandarin oranges (rootstocks are For rooting at the time of cutting like fruit trees such as citrus fruits such as red peach, peach (rootstock is peach), persimmon (rootstock is mamegaki), plum (rootstock is plum), apricot (rootstock is apricot). For rootstocks that take days, the green branches to be rootstocks once 5 to 20 cm
Cut the length of this green branch into a tray filled with cultivated soil as much as possible, and put it in a dark (covered with black vinyl) days required for high humidity conditions (mostly 1 month or more) ), Prepare a well-rooted plant in advance, cut the upper part again with a sharp cutter at the time of grafting, and sharpen each desired cultivar to the upper part with a length of 2 to 10 cm from the tip of the bud. Cut them with a cutter, join them as spikes, hold the joined state with the holder 4, carry these grafted seedlings in the tray as they are into a rooting promoting device in which temperature, humidity, illuminance, etc. are controlled, and cure them. .

Example (4) For sweet potatoes, chrysanthemums and strawberries, seedlings that had been budded or planted in a tray in advance were used as rootstocks, and the middle of the stem or petiole was cut with a sharp cutter, and the tip of each bud was cut off. 2-10
A stem with a length of cm or a petiole with leaves is cut with a sharp cutter, which is joined as a scion, and the joined state is maintained by a holder 4, and these grafted seedlings are kept in a tray at a temperature, Carry it in and bring it to a survival promotion device that controls humidity, light intensity, wind speed, etc.

In the above embodiment, the size of the rootstock, the period in the curing process, the illuminance, the humidity, the temperature, the wind speed, etc. are set according to the kind of seedling.

[0024]

As described above, according to the present invention,
For a large number of grafted seedlings planted in a plane, from the horizontal direction that is substantially orthogonal to the length direction of the seedlings including the joint,
Since the temperature and humidity regulated air is forced to flow, the air flow removes the gas emitted from the leaves and stems of the grafted seedlings and supplies the temperature and humidity regulated air suitable for curing. And keep the grafted seedlings in an optimal environment,
In addition, air having a higher flow velocity in the stem portion than in the leaf portion blows around the joint between the rootstock and the scion and prevents the joint from becoming over-humidified (condensation). It is possible to prevent the production of defective products such as roots invading into the soil by rooting from the scion part of the part, and improving the survival efficiency. In addition, by placing a large number of grafted seedlings planted in a plane on a plurality of upper and lower shelves, a large number of grafted seedlings are stored in the seedling storage section of the survival promotion device and placed on each shelf. Since air flows substantially evenly over the grafted seedlings in the upper and lower stages, a large number of grafted seedlings are produced by storing a large number of seedlings in the survival promotion device and curing the stored grafted seedlings almost uniformly. Therefore, it is possible to improve the production efficiency and to produce plant-like grafted seedlings. Furthermore, since the air whose temperature and humidity are appropriately adjusted is circulated in the survival promotion device and reused, the atmosphere inside the device is less affected by the environmental change of the outside air, and the curing device itself is not affected. It is possible to save energy, the air inside the survival promotion device has less influence on the outside, and it is possible to produce grafted seedlings in an environment-friendly state.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of a grafted seedling.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of an adhesive portion of a graft.

FIG. 3 is a layout view of the survival promoting device.

FIG. 4 is a front view showing an example in which grafted graft stock is grafted.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing conventional cutting and joining (spring) of apple seedlings.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the above-mentioned green branch cutting joint.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 rootstock 2 scrub 3 tray 4 retainer 8 blower (blower fan) 10 rooting promotion device 12 perforated plate 13 perforated plate 16 air passage 17 pressurizing chamber 33 shelf frame 33a shelf (plate)

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A large number of grafted seedlings obtained by joining the rootstocks of seedlings with the spikelets of separately grown seedlings and holding the joined portions in a joined state by a holding means or the like, and then planting them in a planar shape. Of the seedling storage device having a plurality of upper and lower shelves of the survival promotion device, and in the survival promotion device, air whose temperature and humidity are appropriately adjusted, in the lengthwise direction of the seedling including the joint portion. In a horizontal direction that is substantially orthogonal to the seedlings, the seedlings are placed in a plurality of shelves above and below the seedlings so that the seedlings are placed in a substantially uniform manner and forced to flow and circulate A method for curing grafted seedlings, which comprises curing in such a state that at least the joint portion is alive. 2. The temperature of the forcedly circulated air in the survival promotion device is 25 to 30 [° C.], the humidity is 70 to 100 [%], and the wind speed is 30 to 80 cm [cm / cm].
sec.] The method for curing grafted seedlings according to claim 1, wherein 3. The graft according to claim 1, wherein the seedlings placed on the plurality of shelves are irradiated with light of an appropriately adjusted light intensity in the survival promotion device. How to cure seedlings. 4. A seedling storage section having a plurality of upper and lower shelves capable of respectively mounting a large number of grafted seedlings which are planted in a plane with the scion jointly held on the rootstock of the seedling, and the seedling storage section. An air circulating means for forcibly circulating air so that the air flows horizontally,
Air flow adjusting means interposed between the air circulating means and adjusting the air flow so that the air flows substantially uniformly to each grafted seedling placed on the upper and lower shelves of the seedling storage section, and the air flow adjusting means. A survival promoting device having temperature adjusting means for adjusting the temperature and humidity adjusting means for adjusting the humidity of the air; and control means for controlling the air circulating means, the temperature adjusting means and the humidity adjusting means. A grafting seedling curing device. 5. The air circulation means has an air circulation path communicating with an air outlet and an air inlet of the seedling storage section, and a blower provided so as to be interposed in the air circulation path.
The grafting seedling curing device according to claim 4. 6. An outer structure made of a heat insulating material configured to surround the seedling storage portion, wherein the air circulation path is formed between the outer structure and the seedling storage portion. The grafting seedling curing device according to Item 5. 7. The air flow adjusting means is provided in a pressurizing chamber provided upstream of an air inlet of the seedling accommodating portion and an air inlet of the seedling accommodating portion facing the pressurizing chamber, 7. A blown perforated plate having holes adjusted so that the air flow is substantially uniform in each grafted seedling placed on a plurality of upper and lower shelves of the storage section. Equipment for grafted seedlings. 8. The airflow adjusting means is arranged on the downstream side of the air outlet of the seedling storage unit, and the airflow is substantially uniform to each grafted seedling placed on a plurality of upper and lower shelves of the seedling storage unit. 5. A suction perforated plate whose holes are adjusted so that
A graft transplant seedling curing device according to any one of 1 to 7. 9. The illuminator is provided on each of the plurality of shelves in the seedling storage section, and the control means is provided with an illuminance control means for controlling the illuminance of the illuminator. Equipment for curing grafted seedlings described.