JP2593972B2 - How to graft seedlings - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to fruits and vegetables such as tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, watermelons, melons, cucumbers, carnations, kasumi grasses, and herbaceous plants such as flowers, and roses, lilacs, grapes, apples and the like. The present invention relates to a method for grafting seedlings such as sweet potato, strawberry, chrysanthemum and the like for testing virus or viroid of tissue culture seedlings, such as flowering trees or fruit trees.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art It is generally known that seedlings are produced by grafting for the purpose of disease control, imparting robustness, breeding of vegetatively propagated plants which are difficult to cut, and the like.
The demand for grafted seedlings is increasing due to the expansion of scale, the advancement of specialization, or the aging of growers, but the current grafting technology must meet the above demand both in terms of quantity and cost. It is difficult. And as a grafting method, individual rootstocks were grown in separate pots, transported one by one, joined to the scion, and held in a joined state with a support.

[0003]

Conventionally, grafted seedlings after grafting are cured in a greenhouse covering environment, but under such an environment, the rooting efficiency is low. It is difficult to put it to practical use. Furthermore, the known grafting method, when grafting work, cuts the stems of the rootstock seedlings by cutting the stems of the rootstock seedlings one by one with the rootstock seedlings planted in the individual pots, and joining the stems of the scions to the pots. The operation requires skilled technology, a lot of labor and complicated work, and it is troublesome to carry in and out of a greenhouse as a survival promotion device, or to transport to a customer. Yes, especially
The individual pots may be tilted or knocked down after joining the scion to the rootstock or carrying it after curing, in which case the seedlings will be damaged and the joint surface will come off. there were. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method of grafting seedlings that can produce grafted seedlings in large quantities with high productivity and with high survival efficiency.

[0004]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, a seedling or a germinated seedling of a plant is transplanted into each hole of a tray having a large number of holes to grow the seedling or to produce a tree seedling. Cutting a green branch of a plant into a rootstock, cutting the stem of each seedling in a group state as it is in the tray without dividing the rootstock into individual seedlings, cutting the seedlings that have been separately raised and cut off The surface is joined to the cut surface of the stock and held in a joined state, the grafted seedlings are planted in each hole of the tray to become independent, and the tray in which the grafted seedlings are planted in the large number of holes is provided. It is carried into the seedling storage part of the survival promotion device, and in the survival promotion device, the temperature, humidity and lighting appropriately adjusted are almost uniformly applied, and at least the joint is cured until it survives. Discharging the whole tray from the survival promoting device. Lies in the way of grafting. In the present invention according to claim 2, the seedling storage part of the survival promoting device is adjusted to a temperature of 25 to 30 ° C., a humidity of 70 to 100 [%], and an illuminance of 3000 to 10,000 [Lx]. ,
A method for grafting seedlings according to claim 1.

[0005]

[Function] A tray on which a large number of rootstocks have been grown is placed on an appropriate work table.
The cutting is performed at an inclination of 0 degrees, and the cut surface of the scion (about 60 degrees) is superimposed on the cut surface of the stock, and the superimposed state is held by the holder. When such grafting work is repeated, since the positional relationship between the worker and the tray is substantially constant, the work efficiency can be improved even for non-experts, and the inclination angle of the cut surface can be easily adjusted. And the direction of the stem of the scion easily match, and when joined with the holder, the joining surface is hardly displaced or detached, so that the rooting property is improved. Each graft is planted one at a time in each hole of the tray where the columns and rows are aligned, so that the spacing between each graft is accurately aligned. In this way, the grafted seedlings that are self-supporting in each hole are placed in a plurality of upper and lower stages in the survival promotion device by placing trays on the respective shelves of the seedling storage unit. Inside, the temperature, humidity and lighting appropriately adjusted act on each grafted seedling substantially uniformly, and the grafted seedling is cured in a large amount and uniformly.

Further, when the grafting is finished, the seedlings are transported to the survival promoting device or when they are transported out after curing, the seedlings in the entire tray can be kept in a substantially horizontal posture as a group to prevent the damage to the seedlings, and each customer can be protected. Loading and unloading during transportation can be easily performed together with the tray.

[0007]

【Example】

Example (1) An example of the present invention will be described with respect to a graft of tomato. As a scion, KNVF R-3, a joint, a BF Okitsu 101, a disease resistant Shinko as a scion 114, a Momotaro, a house Momotaro, and a stock. Tray 3 to be used as a rootstock seedling raising container using No. 1 or the like is selected from those shown in FIG. 6 that have a high survival rate in consideration of the operation time. In this embodiment, the flat shape is 51 × 30 cm. 51 holes with rectangular shape
Wherein each hole has a surface area of 17 cm ² , a depth of 5.5 cm,
A volume of 67 ml was used. However, it is needless to say that a plant other than that shown in FIG. 6 may be used depending on the type of plant and other factors.

The rootstock 1 is filled with the culture soil in each hole of the tray 3 and sown. The greenhouse has about three true leaves (average value, plant height 5.5 cm, 2.3 leaves). Seedlings were grown to a stem diameter of 1.8 mm). The scion 2 was seeded flat in a nursery box and either raised as it was or transplanted and raised in a greenhouse at about the same time as the stock 1 until the number of true leaves became about three as in the stock 1. When the rootstock 1 and the scion 2 have reached the appropriate grafting time as described above, the rootstock 1 is placed on the workbench as a collective seedling with the tray 3 at once, and the upper part of the cotyledon of each seedling is safely secured in this state. Cut diagonally with a razor blade at an angle of about 60 degrees.

Next, an elastic tubular member 4 made of rubber or synthetic resin, which is an example of the holding means, is provided in the cut of the stock 1.
Is fitted. The holder 4 has a large number of grooves in the length direction of the outer periphery and one slit 5, and the upper and lower end surfaces may be perpendicular to the length direction, but may be inclined in the same direction. By fitting and matching the cut surface of the tree 1,
The cutting surface of the scion 2 is parallel to the cutting surface of the stock 1 only by inserting the cutting surface of the scion 2 into the inclination direction of the upper end of the holder 4 and inserting it from the upper end of the holder 4. The whole can be joined very easily and tightly. In addition, grafting is possible even if the stem diameter of the stock 1 and the scion 2 is about 1 mm. The holding means may be of another type.

If the tray 3 is placed on a work table during the grafting operation, the posture of each seedling with respect to the tray 3 hardly changes, whereby the cutting angle of the stem becomes substantially constant.
The joint surface can be easily brought into close contact with the direction of the stem of the stock 1 and the stem of the stock 1, and the rooting property can be improved. Further, once the placing operation is performed, the work of carrying one stock at a time becomes unnecessary, and the continuous work can be performed at the same position, so that the work efficiency can be significantly improved. FIG. 5 shows an example in which the above-mentioned grafting method is carried out by five beginners, A, B, C, D and E. Even a beginner can improve the work efficiency and the survival rate comparable to a skilled worker, and With a little experience, the survival time can be reduced with a high survival rate. When the grafting of all the trays is completed in this way, the tray 3 is transported as it is to the shelf in the survival promoting device 10. At this time, the seedlings do not fall down or remarkably incline as in the method of transferring individual seedlings, and are carried in while holding the tray 3 in a substantially horizontal (substantially vertical) state. It can be carried out.

Referring to FIG. 3, the activation promoting device 10 will be described. In a heat-insulating exterior 11 having a sealable entrance, opposing side walls have a blown porous plate 12 and a suction porous plate 1.
3 is provided with a box-shaped heat-insulating inner structure 15 separated by an air passage 16 and a pressurizing chamber 17.
8, an electric heater 19 and a humidifier 20. Between the end of the air passage 16 and the upper part of the pressurizing chamber 17, a plurality of blower fans 8. Structure 1
Ventilation holes 21 and 22 are provided on the suction side and the discharge side of
The CO ₂ gas in the _two cylinders 28 a is ejected from the nozzle 28 b on the suction side of the blower fan 8 through the electromagnetic control valve 23 and is mixed with air whose temperature and humidity are controlled.

The control panel 24 incorporates a microcomputer, and includes a temperature controller 25, a humidity controller 26, a temperature control switch 27,
The control panel includes an O ₂ switch 28, a wind controller 29, and the like. The temperature and humidity are controlled by a temperature / humidity sensor 25a, a temperature upper limit thermometer 25b, and a set value of the temperature controller 25 and the humidity controller 26. cooler 18 or the electric heaters 19 by the output from 24, to operate the humidifier 20 controls the room temperature and humidity, CO ₂ concentration CO ₂ monitor 3
The electromagnetic control valve 23 is operated and controlled by the output calculated from the detected value of 0 and the set value of the control panel 24, and the wind speed is controlled by adjusting the rotation speed of the blower fan 8 by the wind regulator 29.

The temperature, humidity and wind speed are set according to the type of plant to be cured, the curing time, and the like. The temperature is 25 to 30 ° C., the humidity is 70 to 100%, and the CO _{2 is} 600 to 600 ° C.
The control is performed in the range of 1200 ppm and the wind speed of 30 to 80 cm / sec, and the holes of the blown perforated plate 12 and the suction perforated plate 13 are changed so that the wind speed of each part is substantially uniform, so that the area of the holes can be adjusted. It is desirable to keep. A shelf frame 33 having a plurality of stages of shelves 33a is housed in the heat-insulating inner structure 15, and a plurality of fluorescent lamps or other lighting devices 35 are provided on the lower surfaces of the second and higher shelves 33a and the top plate 34. Is attached, and the illuminance is controlled in the range of 3000 to 10000 Lx by controlling the number of lighting of the lighting tools 35 or voltage control.

In curing the grafted seedlings of tomatoes, the seedlings that have been grafted as described above are transported together with the tray 3 and placed on each shelf 33a.
··· Arranged on top, temperature: 28 ° C, humidity: 85 to 95%,
Illumination: 5000Lx, CO ₂ concentration: 600~900pp
m, wind speed: 50-70 cm / sec while controlling for 4 days. As a result, on average, the plant height was 11.6 cm, the number of leaves was 4.9, and the stem diameter was 3.6 mm. In addition, a comparison experiment was performed on the grafted part of the upper part and the lower part of the cotyledon. As shown in Table 2, the one grafted at the upper part of the cotyledon had a higher plant height,
The stem diameter, the maximum leaf length and the number of days of flowering were excellent.

[0015]

When the holder 4 is used, when the stem of the seedling becomes thicker, the slit opens and falls naturally, so that there is no need to remove the seedling. When the seedlings are cured by the survival promoting device 10 and become 5 to 6-leaf middle seedlings, they are carried out together with the tray 3 and transported to the customer as they are. The customer grows them directly or in large seedlings before planting them in this field. Furthermore, fruits and vegetables other than tomatoes can be implemented in a substantially similar manner.

Since carnations have low heat resistance, the most common crop cultivation in Japan, the normal cultivation in warm regions, avoids the summer harvest and is planted in May or June, and from October to the end of May to the beginning of June of the following year. Be harvested. At present, carnations are not cultivated by grafting.However, heat resistance and robustness are also imparted to scions by grafting carnations with carnations as a rootstock and carnations with excellent heat resistance and robustness. The harvest period can be extended from June to July, and a new cropping type can be established which aims at the summer season when only a small amount of cut flowers produced in a cool region is distributed, which is industrially useful. When cutting and grafting are performed at the same time, rootstocks that are compatible with carnations in the same genus Dianthus, are resistant to heat, are robust, and have relatively thick stems, for example, American dianthus; Dianthus barbatus
L. ) And Fujinadesico (also known as Hamanadesico; Dia)
nthus japonicus Thumb. ) Is preferably used. Cut the tip of the vigorous buds about 10cm in length in September of the previous year, cut them into buds, and root them. At the time of rooting, plant them in a No. 5 plastic pot or planter and use them for the stock of rootstock. To grow a large number of armpit buds with good momentum. From around February to April, pick out the buds that have grown to about 10 cm from this, and pick the stems whose base internodes have grown to about 2 cm with a sharp knife (such as a stainless steel razor blade). Cut to make the cross section smooth by sharpening it to about 30 degrees to the vertical direction. The holder 4 is fitted in the cut-off point in this manner. The scion may be any of the practical varieties of carnations to be cultivated. The axillary buds generated during the cultivation of virus-free (healthy) strains are scraped off, and the stem near the base is smoothed at an angle of 30 ° with a sharp blade. Cut carefully so that it becomes. The cut scion is inserted into the hole of the holder 4 so as to be aligned with the cut surface of the stock, and the cut surface is sufficiently press-bonded. After joining, a rootstock is inserted into a tray 3 made of vermiculite or the like which has been sterilized, and the stock is put into the activation promoting device 10 controlled at a temperature of 25 ° C., a humidity of 95%, a light amount of 5000 to 10000 LX, and a wind speed of 30 cm / sec. Cure for ~ 15 days. When they survive, they leave the warehouse and grow in the normal nursery room. In order to shorten the number of days of storage in the apparatus even slightly, a rooting promoter such as auxins may be applied to the soil for inserting the rootstock. Example 2 In order to further shorten the number of days of storage and to further improve the survival and work efficiency, only the rootstock was once cut into the above-mentioned tray 3 and this was subjected to high humidity conditions in a normal greenhouse for about 10 days. The rootstocks are maintained and rooted sufficiently to form rootstocks, and the upper ends of these rootstocks are newly cut at an angle of about 30 ° with a sharp knife, and grafting operation is performed on the rootstocks as described above.
, Cure and take out after taking root. These make 95
% Or more of the seedlings that have survived can be obtained.

Example (3) Woody plants, for example, cherry blossoms (basestock is Kaido), magnolias (basement is fisted), flowering dogwood (basement is flowering dogwood, flower color and other characteristics are normal or less) Similar), plums (plum for rootstock), peaches (peach for rootstock), flowering trees such as bayberry (rootwood for bayberry), rowby (rowbay for rootstock), and tangerines (citrus such as rootstock for karatachi) ), Peach (root is peach), persimmon (root is mamegaki), plum (base is plum), apricot (root is apricot), etc. In the case of a tree, the green branch to be used as a rootstock is cut once to a length of 5 to 20 cm, and the green branch is cut as much as possible into a tray filled with cultivated soil and darkened (it is sufficient to cover it with black vinyl). Prepare the rooted ones in advance for the number of days required for high humidity conditions (mostly one month or more), and re-attach them at the time of grafting. The upper part is cut with a sharp cutter, and each desired cultivar is cut on the upper part with a sharp cutter to a length of 2 to 10 cm from the tip of the bud, joined as a scion, and joined by the holder 4. , And these grafted seedlings are carried in a tray as an tray into an activation promoting device in which temperature, humidity, light amount and the like are controlled, and are cured.

Sweet potatoes, which are vegetatively propagated, are infected with a virus during the passage of many years, thereby impairing the color of the tuberous root, making the epidermis coarse and stiff, deteriorating the commercial value and increasing the vigor. It is weakening and the yield is decreasing. The effect of improving the quality and increasing the yield has been improved by tissue-cultivating this to make it virus-free, and it has been widely used in recent years. In the meantime, the virus will be re-infected, so it is necessary to replace the seedlings with new ones that do not contaminate the effect as long as the effects do not diminish. The sweet potato virus assay was performed using a type of morning glory, Ipomoea setosa.
Is used as a scion, and grafting is performed on a rootstock of sweet potato. In the conventional split grafting method, grafting operation, rooting and curing methods, and mass processing are difficult, and rooting rate is 40 to 50. %, It was extremely inadequate as a method for examining the actual state of infection at the cultivation site by subcultured seedlings that were once made virus-free by tissue culture that has become widespread. Example (4) When the vine length of sweet potatoes to be tested for the presence or absence of the virus disease or the extent of the disease increased to 15 to 20 cm or more,
Cut the top and bottom of the stem with scissors with the developed leaves and two leaves, insert it into a polyethylene bowl containing sterilized soil of about No. 2 (5 cm in diameter), or a tray of the same size as a connection hole tray, etc. and a greenhouse or net room When the axillary buds extend from the axillary arm of each node to 4 to 5 cm or more, the stalk of the tip extending from 1 to 2 cm between the nodes is inclined at an angle of 30 degrees to a sharp blade (razor blade). etc)
Then, the holder 4 is inserted in such a manner that the cross section becomes smooth and the inclination direction is adjusted to the same direction as the inclination direction of the cross section. A virus test plant to become a scion, for example, morning glory 'Ipomoea setosa', is directly seeded at an interval of about 8 × 3 cm on seeds which have been cut in advance with a pair of scissors into scissors for raising seedlings to facilitate water absorption, and 30 ° C. The germinator of C is germinated for 3 to 4 days, and the leaf height of a single bud is about 3c.
m, the lower hypocotyl of 2-3 cm below the cotyledon,
The rootstock is cut at the same angle as the sweet potato, and it is strongly inserted from above into the hole of the holder 4 previously inserted into the sweetpotato so that the inclination directions of the stand and ears are matched. Seedlings are 28 ° C, 95% humidity, 5000L light intensity
X, take-up promotion device 1 adjusted to wind speed 30 cm / sec
0 and cured for 4 to 5 days to completely rejuvenate the joint. As a result, almost 100% of the seedlings that have survived can be obtained. When the plants have been established, they are taken out of the greenhouse, the vines are grown in accordance with normal greenhouse management, and the presence and degree of virus contamination is determined based on the signs of yellowing that appear on the morning glory leaves.

In the above-described embodiment, the size of the rootstock, the period in the curing process, the illuminance, the humidity, the temperature, the wind speed, and the like are set according to the type of seedling. Further, the loading and unloading of the seedlings to and from the survival promoting device, and the loading and unloading of the seedlings to and from the transport vehicle at the time of transportation can be performed quickly, and the seedlings can be prevented from being damaged.

[0021]

As described above, according to the present invention, the rootstock is cut and grafted by cutting the stems of the respective seedlings in a group state as a tray without dividing the rootstock into individual seedlings. By performing the grafting while keeping the plant in the hole, accurate grafting can be performed with high work efficiency. In addition, in each hole of the tray, grafted seedlings were planted for each one, and the tray became independent, and the tray was carried into the survival promotion device while a large number of grafted seedlings were planted. After curing, it can be taken out of the survival promotion device as a tray and handled after sale and planting, etc., and grafted seedlings consisting of a large number of seedlings can always be transported and handled in the tray. Therefore, unlike the method of transferring individual seedlings, the seedlings do not fall down or remarkably incline, so that the seedlings can be prevented from being damaged, the working efficiency can be improved, and Since one seedling is self-supported and held in the hole, it is convenient for planting and transporting to the main field. In addition, the appropriate temperature for curing in the survival promotion device,
The respective environments of the humidity and the lighting substantially uniformly act on the respective grafted seedlings on the tray, so that uniform grafted seedlings having high survival efficiency can be produced in large quantities.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of a grafted seedling.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a bonding portion of a grafted seedling.

FIG. 3 is a layout view of the survival promoting device.

FIG. 4 is a view showing a survival rate and a required time by a beginner according to the present method.

FIG. 5 is a drawing showing the relationship between a tray and a graft.

FIG. 6 is a front view showing an example of grafting a rootstock that has been cut.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing conventional cutting and joining of apple seedlings (spring).

FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing the green branch cutting and connecting method.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a carnation graft.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a sweet potato cutting.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a sweet potato rootstock.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a scion (morning glory).

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rootstock 2 Hoki 3 Tray 4 Holder 8 Ventilation fan 10 Activation promotion device 12 Perforated plate 13 Perforated plate 16 Air path 33 Shelf frame

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A tray having a large number of holes,
A seedling of a plant is sown or germinated and transplanted to raise seedlings, or a green branch of a woody plant is cut and planted as a rootstock, and the rootstock remains in the tray without being divided into individual seedlings. The stem of each seedling is cut in, and the cut surface of the scion cut and grown separately is joined to the cut surface of the rootstock and held in a joined state, and a grafted seedling is planted in each hole of the tray. Independently, the tray in which grafted seedlings are planted in the large number of holes is carried into the seedling storage part of the survival promotion device, and the temperature, humidity, and lighting appropriately adjusted in the survival promotion device are substantially adjusted. Curing the seedlings at least until the joints take root in a state where they act uniformly, and then carrying out the whole tray from the rooting promotion device. 2. The seedling storage portion of the survival promoting device is adjusted to a temperature of 25 to 30 ° C., a humidity of 70 to 100%, and an illuminance of 3000 to 10,000 [Lx]. The grafting method of the described seedling.