JPH073077B2 - Shovel excavator - Google Patents

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a work device connected to a shovel arm via an actuating hinge, and a drive device for the actuating hinge is provided on each of left and right sides of a hinge pin of the actuating hinge pin. Excavator excavator consisting of working cylinders arranged one by one.

The excavator excavator according to the invention is a single bucket excavator in which the excavation bucket is advantageously configured as a deep excavator that can be replaced by another deep excavator. The excavator according to the invention can furthermore be configured as a universal excavator, so that in addition to the different excavators, other working devices, for example drop hammers or similar devices, can also be exchanged. However, the invention is advantageously implemented in a precision excavator with a straight guide of the deep excavator in the excavation plane. The invention will therefore be explained in more detail below on the basis of such a type of excavator.

In shovel excavators, the shovel arm is often located once again at the tip of the divided boom, where said part has an actuating hinge having a hinge axis extending at right angles to the vertical pivot plane of the boom. Are connected to each other via a working cylinder which operates in a double-acting manner, and the working cylinder is normally driven by hydraulic force. In this case, the excavator is connected on the one hand to the tip of the bucket arm by an actuating hinge and has its own working cylinder, which in the case of precision excavators is connected to the boom. The pivoting movement of the deep excavator, which serves as an excavator, around the axis of the actuating hinge fixed to the end of the excavator arm, helps to scoop the sand with the shovel and empty the shovel, and the excavator edge or this It works to adjust the cutting angle of the fixed digging tooth.

In the kinematics of this type of excavator excavator,
Unless there is any built-in adjustment capability, it is a condition that the shovel plane or shovel edge, which extends at right angles to the boom, runs parallel to the reference plane of the excavator.

To allow the cutting plane of the excavator to be adjusted independently of the reference plane of the bogie, either the excavator siding or wheel platform can be swiveled relative to the bogie, or the adjustment hinge can be boomed. Although it is possible in principle to incorporate in it, it has been found to be most effective to incorporate an adjusting hinge between the shovel and the shovel arm, the hinge axis of which lies in the vertical pivot plane of the boom. In this case, the hinge drive is divided into two working cylinders, which are arranged on one side of the hinge pin. Such a working cylinder arrangement, which is often done in the case of separate actuating hinges, makes it possible to divide the swivel force into two working cylinders, which results in a relatively small size and also in the actuating hinge. It has the advantage that the bearing load inside is smaller. The invention relates in particular to an actuating hinge directly connected to the excavator and thus to said adjusting hinge, which is preferably provided in the aforementioned precision excavator and for changing the excavation plane with respect to the reference plane of the excavator carriage. .

By incorporating different excavation buckets, excavator efficiency is most effective. In the case of fragile and light ground, a large capacity shovel provides the best work efficiency,
On the other hand, rocky ground requires a small but resistant shovel instead. Precision excavators are particularly suitable for groove construction because of their effective guiding properties.
For this reason, a shovel whose cross section corresponds to the groove cross section is expediently used. When using the excavator for earthmoving,
Particularly wide and usually flat excavators are advantageous. Even if such excavators are not equipped with a separate work implement, the work implement must often be replaced only for different excavators. In this case, the best efficiency of the excavator is concerned with the timely replacement of the working equipment, and thus that this replacement can be carried out quickly and as far as possible without the use of special forces and only by the excavator operator. is doing.

For this purpose, when the excavator mechanism is correspondingly configured, for example by splitting the pin of the actuating hinge and hydraulically operable to release or grip the hinge bush, the hydraulic supply of the excavator And an additional hydraulic drive, which is deeply involved in the control, is required. Moreover, such actuating hinges are relatively complex and exchanging work equipment is difficult for excavator operators. On the other hand, if a mechanical joint is installed between the excavator and the actuating hinge in order to replace the working device, and the joint portion is connected or disengaged from each other by the swing of the excavator arm, the excavator control is performed. In order for a person to replace the working device by himself, a hydraulic joint locking device must be incorporated in the hydraulic system of the excavator. This is, in practice, as cumbersome as the additional hydraulic drive. Further, the coupling mechanism requires that each work implement be equipped with a coupling half, which is relatively more expensive than split hinge pins.

2. Description of the Related Art The present invention is a precision excavator that forms an advantageous range of application of the present invention (German Patent Application Publication No. 2851942).
Starting from, in the case of the excavator excavator, an actuating hinge connected to the shovel forms an adjusting hinge in the above-mentioned sense, which adjusting hinge is operated by two working cylinders. In this case, in order to replace the working device, the working cylinder must be disassembled in order to disengage the piston rod of the working cylinder from the bracket of the shovel and release the shovel arm for replacement. Mounting the shovel to be replaced with the removed shovel or other working device is also troublesome.

Applying the known mechanism to simplify the exchanging of the excavator working device causes a significant change in the height position of the working hinge on the excavator, which in the case of a precision excavator results in a boom part and a shovel. It fails in that it does not allow direct guidance of the deep excavator achieved by the alignment of the different parallelogram links associated with the work cylinder pivotally mounted on the swiveling lever. In addition, in the case of precision excavators, the other drawbacks mentioned above of the mechanism are of particular importance.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention An object of the present invention is to make it possible to replace a working device in an excavator excavator, in which case the necessary mechanism and drive device are simply configured, and the mechanism and drive device Of the type known to be known in the art is designed not to interfere with the direct guidance of a precision excavator, and in the case of another excavator excavator the holding of the hydraulic drive significantly changes the hydraulic drive. Instead, it is possible by simply making slight changes to the fixings for the working device, in which case the working device to be replaced has only a few inexpensive parts.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the invention, the object is to provide a shovel excavator of the type mentioned at the beginning in which the hinge bracket for supporting the hinge pin of the actuating hinge is movable on at least one side of the actuating hinge. Is fixed on the part, and the axis of the pinion hinge of the pinch leg is aligned with the axis of the hinge pin of the actuating hinge, and both pinch legs are each outside with respect to the pinch axis of pinion. Section is connected to a working cylinder that pivots each pinch leg around the pinch hinge axis or the hinge pin of the actuating hinge, and allows the working device to be immovable on the actuating hinge but removable if necessary. In order to connect, a gripping means for immovably gripping the connection part provided on the working device is provided on the inner side part of each of the two legs, and the gripping means connects the connection part. It is released by the fact that additional fixing means are provided between the scaffolding leg and the working device, which additionally act as an aid when immobile.

According to the invention, the two working cylinders required for driving the actuating hinge, i.e. for adjusting the shovel, are used for operating the mechanism, which is always located at the tip of the shovel arm and covers the entire actuating hinge. To be done. That is, according to the present invention, the mechanism is configured as a pincer, so that the pincer can grip the connection which is necessary in any case for connecting the actuating hinge to the shovel or other working device. The connection is the only particularly simple component left on the work implement. In this case, additional fixing means are only required for the pin legs and when using the working device in the excavator.

Advantages of the Invention An advantage of the invention is that by integrating the pincer hinge with the actuating hinge, the height position of the hinge connection of the work implement is virtually unchanged, and thereby in the case of precision excavators of the shovel. The point is to keep the straight line guidance unchanged. According to the invention, since the working cylinder is used for pliers manipulation, there is no need to change the hydraulic control device of the excavator nor the hydraulic device for supplying different working cylinders, and nevertheless. The excavator operator can operate the scissors from the excavator and replace the working device. Since the pincer can be kept closed by at least one working cylinder of the actuating hinge, the gripping means and the additional fastening means can be mechanically realized without disadvantages and thus a particularly simple pin. It can be formed from an arrangement form.

Embodiment According to the embodiment described in the second aspect of the present invention, the positioning and operation of the penis can be simplified for the operator of the excavator.

According to an embodiment as claimed in claim 3, a particularly flat design of the whole arrangement is obtained, in which the height position of the closed leg legs is reduced to the thickness of the mounting plate. This is a negligible value for linear guidance of precision excavators. Furthermore, in this case, the connection left on the working device can be a pin with a simple projection, for example a plate.

According to the embodiment as claimed in claim 4, the hinge of the mounting plate can be integrated with the actuating hinge in a particularly simple manner, in which case the claim 5 as claimed. According to this embodiment, the force exerted on the hinge bracket of the actuating hinge can be advantageously distributed.

With the excavator operator looking directly at the working device,
Bending the boom and excavator arms will often allow the excavator operator to easily, i.e., without special aids, move the movable leg to grab the connection of the work implement to be replaced. be able to. However, this is not always possible in practice and often the work implement is relatively far from the cockpit of the excavator and may have to be reached by extending the boom.

According to the embodiment as claimed in claim 6, the mounting of the working device to be replaced is greatly simplified. Because, when the excavator operator swivels the superstructure in preparation for gripping the connection, the guide strips allow the movable scissor legs to start the scissors starting position without error. This can be used as a clue to obtain

Examples Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on examples.

The lower carriage 1 of the excavator excavator 2 is located on the two sashes 3 or 4. An upper carriage 5 rotatable on a lower carriage 1 around a kingpin supports a normal upper structure including a cockpit 6, said cockpit serving as a working device 7.
Can be monitored and the excavator controlled from the cockpit. The deep excavator 8 of the work implement 7 is connected to an upper part 10 via an actuating hinge 9, which upper part is shown in more detail in FIG. The upper portion 10 is attached to a hinge 11 arranged at the tip of the shovel arm 12. A pivot lever 13 is pivotally attached to the upper part 10 via a further hinge, which pivot lever 13 is pivotally attached to the piston rod of the work cylinder 15 via a link 14, which work cylinder itself. It is pivotally attached to the tip 16 of 17. The guide link 14 is pivotally mounted and supported on the shovel arm 12 via a double-acting rocking body 18.

The boom 17 itself is divided into an oscillating body 19 pivotally mounted on the upper carriage 5 and a boom end 20. A cylinder piston arrangement serves for manipulating the boom 17 and is indicated generally by the numeral 22. The shovel arm 12 is swung in the vertical direction with respect to the boom 17 by the work cylinder 21.

According to FIG. 2, the upper part 10 has two working cylinders 23,2.
The four working cylinders 23, 24 together serve as a drive for actuating the actuating hinge 9, said actuating hinge 9 comprising a deep excavator 8 and a shovel arm 12 of the working device 7. It is located in between. The actuating hinge 9 comprises a hinge pin 25 and a hinge bracket mounted in the upper part 10, which hinge bracket is generally designated by 26 and will be described in more detail below. Said hinge bracket is arranged on a mounting plate 27, which itself is connected to an upper flat section 28 on the bottom of the deep excavator 8.

Details of the mounting plate 27 and the bracket 26 are apparent from the drawings of FIGS. According to FIG. 4, the mounting plate 27
Is two claw legs symmetrical about the axis of the hinge pin 25
It is divided into 29 and 30. Kashiko legs 29 and 30 are on the top
Two parallel fork legs 33,34 on 31,32 or
It has connecting brackets 37, 38 (Fig. 6) consisting of 35, 36, which connect the mounting plate 27 to the piston rods 39, 4 of the pistons 41, 42 in the working cylinders 23, 24.
Combined with 0. Further, a part of each one of the hinge bracket halves 43, 44 of the hinge bracket 26 is located on the upper surfaces 31, 32 of the claw legs 29, 30. The two hinge bracket halves 43,44 are of equal construction. The hinge bracket halves 43, 44 are two fork crotches 45,
It consists of a bracket divided into 46 and another bracket 47 interposed between them, in which case the bracket consisting of the fork crotch 45,46 is the upper surface 3 of the pin leg 29.
1, and another bracket 47 between them is projected on the upper surface 32 of the pin leg 30. The corresponding parts of the hinge bracket halves 44 have the same reference numerals 45,4
6,47 is attached, but the letter a is attached for distinction. The brackets 45 to 47 or 45a to 47a are provided with holes aligned with each other, through which the hinge pin 25 of the actuating hinge 9 is inserted. Said hinge pin 25 in this case forms the pivot axis about which the leg legs 29 and 30 pivot (see FIG. 7). Therefore, the geometrical axis 48 of the actuating hinge 9 coincides with the axis of the hinge of the claw legs 29, 30.

Inner edges 49,50 (Fig. 5a) of the claw legs 29,30 are provided with semi-circular cutouts 51-54 (fourth). Each two opposing notches 51,52 or 53,54 are respectively a pin 56,57 and a pin 56,57 projecting vertically upwards from the upper surface 55 of the excavator bottom section 28 shown in FIG. It is adapted to engage rectangular plates 58,59 in plan view forming the heads of 56,57. The undersides of the heads 58, 59 of the pins 56, 57 are shown in FIG.
9,30 are semi-circular cutouts 51-5 on their inner edges 49,50
It is convexly curved so that it can be gripped without play with 4 (Fig. 4).

In particular, as can be seen from FIG. 7, the guide strip 60 is provided on the end face 61 of the deep excavator 8 facing the operator side of the excavator in the cockpit 6.
Are arranged. The function of this guide strip 60 will be explained in more detail in connection with the mode of action of the leg legs 29, 30.

As can be seen from FIG. 6, a two-port two-position directional control valve 63 is incorporated in the supply conduit 62 of the working cylinder 24, which directional control valve is operated by an operating member 64. Supply conduit
62 is controlled by a two port, three position directional control valve 66, similar to the supply conduit 65 for the working cylinder 23. The directional control valve 66 is located between a pump 67, which serves for refueling, and a storage tank 68, which in the illustrated position of the directional control valve 66 switches to a circulating state, so that two The work cylinders 23, 24 are locked. By alternately switching the directional control valve 66 from the position shown to one and the other position, as long as the directional control valve 66 is in the position shown,
The working cylinders 23, 24 are alternately loaded with the pressure medium.
In this way, the excavation surface can be changed relative to the excavation reference surface. When the directional control valve 63 is switched, the working cylinder 24 is locked. This is normally done when the mounting plate 27 is in a generally horizontal position, as shown in FIG. In this position, only the piston 41 of the working cylinder 23 can be controlled by the directional control valve 66. The ascending or descending motion of the piston 41 causes the one leg part 29 to pivot upward or downward about the hinge pin 25 (FIG. 8).

In the operating position shown in FIG. 6, the unintentional separation of the lever legs 29, 30 from the bottom of the shovel is prevented by an additional fastening device. According to the embodiment shown, a screw 73, which is inserted into the holes 69, 70 (FIG. 4) of the mounting plate 27 and is screwed into the bottom section 28 of the deep excavator 8, serves for this purpose.

As is clear from the drawings, especially FIG. 4, the claw legs 29, 30
Are arranged in mirror symmetry with respect to a vertical plane including the axis 48, and the hinge bracket halves 43, 44 (Fig. 5)
The fork-shaped leg portions 33 to 36 and the holes 69 and 70 are arranged in mirror symmetry with respect to the horizontal axis 71 of the mounting plate 27.

The attachment of the working device 7 will be described below by taking the deep excavator 8 as an example. In this case, the deep shovel 8 attached to the shovel arm 12 or the upper portion 10 is assumed to be removed. The deep excavator 8 is located on the roadbed with the bottom section 28 of the deep excavator facing upwards.

First of all, the directional control valve 63 (FIG. 6) is switched from the position shown. As a result, the working cylinder 24 is locked, and thereby the pinch leg 30 is fixed. The excavator operator now moves the shovel arm 12 from the cockpit 6 and, by extension, the upper part.
According to FIG. 7, turn 10 horizontally from left to right. In this case, the piston rod 39 has entered the working cylinder 23 by switching the directional control valve 66 from the position shown to the left, and the lever leg 29 must be swung upward accordingly. (Fig. 7). Therefore, the claw leg portion 29 thus opened is prepared for advancing the claw leg portion 29 into the connected state with the bottom of the deep shovel. In FIG. 7, when the upper portion 10 is pivoted further horizontally from left to right, the excavator operator orients the leading edge of the pinch leg 30 against the guide strip 60. The guide strip 60 comprises a head plate 58 of pins 56,57 in which semicircular notches 52 and 54 (Fig. 4) of the pincer leg 30 project above the bottom section 28 of the deep excavator 8. Instruct the excavator operator when to go under the 59. This entry position has already been achieved in FIG. In this case, the pin leg 30 rests on the upper surface of the bottom section 28.

At this stage, the spool of the directional control valve 66 is switched to the switching position at the right end in FIG. 6, so that the piston 41 is made to run and the piston rod 39 is swung upward.
Is rotated clockwise about the hinge pin 25 of the actuating hinge 9 and lowered. As a result, the foot leg 29
The semi-circular notches 51 and 53 (Fig. 4) are the leg legs 30.
The pins 56,57 engage underside of the head plates 58,59 as well as the semi-circular notches 52,54 in FIG.

This state has been achieved in the stage of FIG. In this case, the pinch leg 29 itself rests on the upper surface 55 of the deep excavator bottom section 28. The excavator operator operates the directional control valve 66 to prevent the piston rod 29 from running further and exits the cockpit 6. He then has a hole in the foot leg 29
Screw the screw 73 into the 69. The screw 73 cooperates with a screw threaded into the hole 70 to secure the pinch legs 29, 30 on the deep excavator bottom section 28. This completes the mounting process. After the directional control valve 63 is switched, the working device 7
As shown in Fig. 10, the machine is ready for operation. The work device 7 is removed in the opposite manner.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the present invention applied to a precision excavator,
2 is a diagram showing a front end portion of the precision excavator shown in FIG. 1,
3 is a side view showing a mounting plate according to the present invention, FIG. 4 is a plan view of the mounting plate shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 5 is a side view of the mounting plate shown in FIG. 3, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VV of FIG. 4, FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the work cylinder and its circuit device or control device, and FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the first stage when mounting the deep excavator. , Fig. 8 is a perspective view showing the next step at the time of installation, Fig. 9 is a view showing a state in which the deep excavator is installed with a closed pen, and Fig. 10 is a view after the replacement is completed. It is a figure which shows the deep shovel with which attachment was completed. 1 ... Lower trolley, 2 ... Excavator excavator, 3,4 ... Tracks, 5 ... Upper trolley, 6 ... Cockpit, 7 ... Working device,
8 …… Deep excavator, 9 …… Operating hinge, 10 …… Upper part, 11 …… Hinge, 12 …… Excavator arm, 13 ……
Swivel lever, 14 …… Guide link, 15,21 …… Work cylinder, 16 …… Tip, 17 …… Boom, 18 …… Double-acting rocker,
19 …… Oscillator, 20 …… Boom end, 22 …… Cylinder piston device, 23,24 …… Work cylinder, 25 …… Hinge pin, 26 …… Hinge bracket, 27 …… Mounting plate, 28 ……
Division, 29,30 …… Pile legs, 31,32,55 …… Top surface, 33,34,3
5,36 …… Fork leg, 37,38 …… Connection bracket, 3
9,40 …… Piston rod, 41,42 …… Piston, 43,44 …… Hinge bracket half part, 45,45a, 46,46a …… Fork crotch, 47,47a …… Bracket, 48 …… Axis line, 49,50 …… Hinge edge, 51,52,53,54 …… Semi-circular notch, 69,70 ……
Hole, 56.57 ... pin, 58,59 ... plate, 60 ... guide strip, 60a ... bottom surface, 61 ... end surface, 62,65 ... supply conduit, 64
...... Operating member, 63,66 ...... Directional control valve, 67 ...... Pump, 6
8 …… Storage tank, 73 …… Screw

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A working device (7) is connected to a shovel arm (2) via an actuating hinge (9), and a drive device of the actuating hinge (9) is a hinge pin (25) of the actuating hinge (9). In a shovel excavator consisting of work cylinders (23, 24) arranged on both left and right sides of a hinge bracket (45, 46, 47; 45a) for supporting a hinge pin (25) of an operating hinge (9). , 46a, 47a) is a movable leg (29,3) movable to at least one side of the operating hinge (9).
0) is fixed on the pin, and the pinch hinge axis (48) of the pinch leg (29, 30) is aligned with the axis of the hinge pin (25) of the actuating hinge (9), and both pinches. Child leg (29,3
0) is the outer part based on the hinge pin axis (48), and each leg is pivoted around the pin hinge axis (48) or the hinge pin (25) of the operating hinge (9). Is connected to the working cylinder (23,24)
And in order to immovably but removably connect the working device (7) to the actuating hinge (9), on each inner part (49,50) of both claw legs (29,30), Gripping means (51, 53; 52, 54) for immovably gripping the connecting portion (56, 58; 57, 59) provided in the working device (7) are provided, and the gripping means (51, 53; 52,54) is the above connection (56,58; 57,5)
9) An additional fixing means (69, 70, 73), which acts as an auxiliary when gripping immovably, is provided between the scissor leg (29, 30) and the working device (7). Characteristic excavator excavator. 2. In order to replace the working device (7), one of the leg legs (30) of the actuating hinge (9), which is first fixed to the working device (7), belongs to the work to which it belongs. Cylinder (24)
A working cylinder (23) of the other leg leg (29), which is locked by means of a lock and is subsequently fixed to the working device (7), is used for opening and closing the gripping means. The excavator excavator according to item 1. 3. The hinge brackets (45,46,47; 45a, 46a, 47a) of the actuating hinge (9) have two claw legs (29,30) symmetrical with respect to the claw hinge axis (48). Is fixed on the upper surface (31, 32) of the mounting plate (27) divided into two parts, and the mounting plate has the connecting bracket (37, 38) for connecting the working cylinder (23, 24) on the upper surface. Hinged edges (49,50) of both of the above-mentioned claw legs (29,30)
Is a semi-circular cutout (51,53; 52,54) for gripping a pin (56,57) with a head plate (58,59) fixed to a working device (7), which forms said connection. The excavator excavator according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising: 4. A hinge pin (25) for the actuating hinge (9).
Form the hinge axis (48) of the mounting plate (27),
And the hinge bracket (45,46,47; 4) of the actuating hinge (9)
The excavator excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein 5a, 46a, 47a) are separately fixed on the two legs (29, 30). 5. Work in which an actuating hinge (9) together with said divided hinge bracket is symmetrically divided in a right angle (71) with respect to a pin hinge axis (48) of a working cylinder (23, 24). Cylinder connection bracket (37,38; 33,34,35,3
The excavator excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which includes 6). 6. The working device (7) is connected to the shovel arm (2) via an actuating hinge (9), and the drive device of the actuating hinge (9) is a hinge pin (25) of the actuating hinge (9). In a shovel excavator consisting of work cylinders (23, 24) arranged on both left and right sides of a hinge bracket (45, 46, 47; 45a) for supporting a hinge pin (25) of an operating hinge (9). , 46a, 47a) is a movable leg (29,3) movable to at least one side of the operating hinge (9).
0) is fixed on the pin, and the pinch hinge axis (48) of the pinch leg (29, 30) is aligned with the axis of the hinge pin (25) of the actuating hinge (9), and both pinches. Child leg (29,3
0) is the outer part based on the hinge pin axis (48), and each leg is pivoted around the pin hinge axis (48) or the hinge pin (25) of the operating hinge (9). Is connected to the working cylinder (23,24)
And in order to immovably but removably connect the working device (7) to the actuating hinge (9), on each inner part (49,50) of both claw legs (29,30), Gripping means (51, 53; 52, 54) for immovably gripping the connecting portion (56, 58; 57, 59) provided in the working device (7) are provided, and the gripping means (51, 53; 52,54) is the above connection (56,58; 57,5)
An additional fixing means (69, 70, 73) is provided between the scissor leg part (29, 30) and the working device (7), which acts as an auxiliary when gripping 9) immovably. In addition to the connecting portions (56, 58; 57, 59), a guide strip (60) is provided on the working device (7), and the guide strip (60) is provided with the gripping means ( 51,53; 52,54) is the connection part (56,58; 57,5)
An excavator excavator, characterized in that it guides one of the conical legs (30) that is first fixed on the working device (7) until it grasps (9).