JPH0729837B2 - Continuous production equipment for long ceramic plates - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The present invention forms a continuous strip formed by continuously extruding a raw material containing clay as a main component, and drying and firing the strip for a short time to a standard length. The present invention relates to an apparatus for continuously producing long porcelain plates having a predetermined length by cutting.

[Conventional technology]

For tiles and tiles, the continuous strip sent from the molding machine is cut into short pieces and further shaped by press processing, etc., which is dried and fired, or the mold is filled with the material, and this is molded by the press. It was manufactured by either drying or firing. In addition, firing was performed by loading molded roof tiles, tiles, etc. on a trolley in 5 to 7 steps, and taking several days.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

In this type of apparatus, it takes several days for the drying and firing steps, and therefore it was not possible to perform drying and firing in a continuous zone due to the reasons of productivity, cost and location. Further, in the conventional apparatus, since the uncured roof tiles and tiles are dried from the surface, there is a disadvantage that the roof tiles and tiles are twisted, cracked, or broken during the drying and firing. Further, in the conventional apparatus, a long body cannot be formed due to the shape of the mold, and a uniform roof tile or tile can only be produced within a large tolerance.

[Means for solving problems]

In order to eliminate such defects, the present invention laminates and coats a coating material supplied from a coating material supply device on a continuous forming strip extruded from a vacuum forming machine to form a composite continuous strip, and Infrared heater is installed to dry in the central part of the composite continuous zone, then a dryer utilizing a heat source from the baking furnace is installed, and heating is further performed by microwaves, and then a baking furnace is installed. A continuous production device for long porcelain plates, which is arranged linearly in the order of running cutters at the exit, is a long body, and is continuously manufactured in a shorter time than before and at a low cost with a small device. It is provided.

〔Example〕

An embodiment of a continuous production apparatus for long porcelain plates according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a typical example of the above apparatus. In the figure,
Reference numeral 1 is clay, which is a mixture of several kinds of raw materials, chamotte and the like through a kneader (not shown), and is supplied to a vacuum forming machine 3 through a belt conveyor 2. The vacuum forming machine 3 continuously extrudes the clay 1 in a shape as shown in FIGS. 2 (a) to (h), for example. Clay 1 is a natural product and has different components depending on each production site. These characteristics and weak points are mutually offset to obtain a predetermined mixed clay. As an example of the clay 1, pottery stone, feldspar, kaolinite, halloysite, metahalloysite, kibushi clay, frog eye clay, Shigaraki clay, etc. are crushed, and water is added and kneaded. If necessary, the clay 1 may be ironed by a magnet. Reference numeral 4 denotes a coating material feeder, which applies a coating material α made of ceramic paper containing alumina and silica as a main component to at least one of the front surface and the back surface of the continuous forming strip A continuously formed by the vacuum forming machine 3 by the pressure roller 5 It is to be laminated via. The coating material α serves to prevent cracking and crack deformation even when drying and firing for a short time by forming the continuous molding band A into a composite continuous band A ′. Further, the coating material α emits far infrared rays during drying and firing, improves thermal efficiency, and contributes to cost reduction. In addition,
The coating material α is laminated by using the molding machine 6 according to the state of coating the continuous molding strip A. Further, since the coating material α is laminated on the undried continuous molding strip A, it is adhered by the plasticity and water content of the continuous molding strip A, but it is also possible to use an auxiliary adhesive. Further, the coating material α is mainly ceramic paper, but it is also possible to use a material obtained by laminating aluminum hydroxide paper, porcelain paper or the like on this. Further coating material α
Can be laminated not only on the entire front and back surfaces of the continuous molding strip A, but can also be partially laminated to function as the pattern of the long porcelain board B. 7 is a heater which uses infrared rays as a heat source,
It is effective for drying from the central part of the composite continuous zone A'to the surface layer in a short time, and the water content of the clay 1 is, for example, 18 to 20%.
This is to reduce the content of the above to about 10 to 5% and enhance the shape retention. Reference numeral 8 is a dryer for reducing the water content of the composite continuous zone A'to, for example, about 5% to 20%, which is heated at about 200 to 400 ° C. In addition,
The heat source of the dryer 8 is, for example, hot air that uses waste heat sent from the firing furnace 13. The hot air is jetted from the pipe 9 or the like to the composite continuous zone A ′ as shown in FIG. The atmosphere of the dryer 8 is uniformly heated by stirring.
Numeral 11 is a high-frequency heater that combines the moisture content of the composite continuous zone A'to 0% by microwaves and infrared rays, and combines them by the synergistic effect of far infrared rays generated when quartz and feldspar in clay 1 are irradiated with microwaves. This is for drying the surface layer and the central layer of the continuous zone A'in a short time. When the microwave is used, the metal roller cannot be used to convey the composite continuous zone A ', and the dielectric roller 12 is used. The firing furnace 13 has a mountain-shaped temperature distribution from the inlet 13a to the outlet 13b, and has a preheating region 14, a firing region 15, and a cooling region 16.
The temperature of the preheating area 14 is 150 to 7
00 ℃, 800 ~ 1300 ℃ in the burning area 15, 600 ~ 10 in the cooling area 16
It is up to about 0 ° C. Of course, depending on the type and composition of clay 1, the temperature setting between each region is different,
Moreover, the temperature between the regions is not clearly divided, but is a temporary division in the continuous firing. Further the sintering furnace 13 will be described, the firing furnace 13 is intended to firing combustible gas, for example by burning LPG gas combined continuous band A ', the arrangement of the burner (not shown) therefor corresponding to the respective areas To be provided. Further, as the conveying means of the composite continuous zone A'in the firing furnace 13 , a mesh belt, a metal roller,
A ceramic roller, an alumina roller, or the like is used, but since the temperature rises up to about 1300 ° C. particularly in the range of the firing region 15, for example, as shown in FIG. 4, an alumina roller 19 is placed between the metal spindles 17 and 18. The heat transfer is carried so as not to be transferred to the drive source. 20 is a carrier, for example, a driving wheel 21
A mesh belt 23 is wound between the driven wheel 22 and the driven wheel 22, and a large number of free auxiliary rollers 24 are arranged between the driving wheels 21 and 22 to improve the evaporation of water in the composite continuous zone A ′. The heater 7 and the dryer 8 are mainly arranged in series. Reference numeral 25 is a cover for keeping the temperature of the region where the composite continuous zone A'directly flows, which has a high heat insulating property. Incidentally, the firing region 15 of the firing furnace 13 forms a furnace with refractory bricks, etc., and is to linearly and continuously pass through it.
An exhaust damper (not shown) is arranged between each device and area. A traveling cutter 26 cuts the composite continuous zone A'to a fixed length. 27 is a transfer machine, a traveling cutter
The constant-length long ceramic plate B cut at 26 is transferred at a speed higher than the speed at which it is delivered from the firing furnace 13 to prevent collision with the composite continuous zone A '. Although not shown, a free roller, a belt and the like are appropriately arranged between the heater 7, the dryer 8 and the baking furnace 13 so that the composite continuous zone A'does not hang down or cause an abnormality in conveyance. Is.

Next, the operation will be described.

First, prepare clay 1 consisting of Shigaraki clay, chamotte, water reducing agent and water. In addition, the weight% is 61.5% Shigaraki clay, 20% chamotte, 0.5% water reducing agent (trade name Cell Flow: manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.), and 18% water by a kneading machine (MP-100 type manufactured by Miyazaki Iron Works). It is a kneaded one. As the vacuum forming machine 3, a model name MV-FM-A-1 type (manufactured by Miyazaki Tekko Co., Ltd.) having an extrusion capacity of 100 to 150 l / hr was used. Further, as the coating material α, a ceramic paper simple substance using an inorganic binder in fibrous alumina and silica is installed above so as to be laminated on the surface of the continuous forming band A, and the heater 7 has a wavelength of 4 μm to 4 μm. By arranging ten far infrared panel heaters of 400μ every 10 meters, water inside the composite continuous zone A'diffuses to the surface to accelerate dehydration and reduce water to 10%. Dryer 8 is one that can raise the temperature to 200-300 ℃ in about 10-30m.
The temperature was set at 00 ℃ and 10 meters. The high frequency heater 11 is, for example,
Irradiation was carried out for 2 meters from 915 MHz to 2450 MHz. Further, the firing furnace 13 has a preheating region 14 at a temperature of 150 to 800 ° C.
The firing region 15 is heated to 800 to 1300 ° C. in 5 m, and the cooling region 16 is cooled to 1,300 to 100 ° C. in 10 m. Further, the extrusion speed of the continuous forming band A is set to 20 m / min, the mesh belt 23 is arranged between the heater 7 and the dryer 8, the preheating region 14 and the cooling region 16 are iron rollers, and the firing region 15 is an alumina roller 19. Formed. The pass lines of the continuous forming zone A and the composite continuous zone A ′ were at the same height, and the moving speed was set so as to be synchronized with the extrusion speed. Therefore, the clay 1 is supplied to the vacuum forming machine 3 via the conveyor 2, and the continuous forming strip A as shown in FIG. The coating material α supplied from the coating material supply device 4 is laminated on the belt A,
A composite continuous band A'is attached. This composite continuous zone A ′ is fed to the heater 7 via the mesh belt 23. The heater 7 reduces the water content of the composite continuous zone A'to 10% and sends it to the dryer 8. In the dryer 8, the water content is reduced to 2%, and the high-frequency heater 11 adjusts the water content to 0% and sends it to the firing furnace 13 , preheats it, fires it, and cools it, and sends it out as a long porcelain plate B from the outlet 13b. Run the cutter 26 to a fixed length, for example 2424mm, 3030m
The long ceramic plate B is obtained by cutting it into m and 3636 mm.

What has been described above is only one example of the apparatus for manufacturing a long porcelain plate according to the present invention, a line in which a plurality of vacuum forming machines 3 are installed in parallel, and the width of the moving part of each machine corresponds to this. Can also be It is also possible to arrange a glaze machine and a printing machine after laminating the coating material α and perform the glaze and printing on the coating material α. In this case, since the glaze and the printing are performed on the covering material α, it can be easily performed. Further, when the continuous forming band A is hollow, it is possible to facilitate extrusion by the vacuum forming machine 3 and at the same time blow air, dry air, or hot air into the hollow portion to promote drying. Further, an embossing roll is arranged at a position 4a indicated by a chain line in FIG. 1, and when the covering material α is laminated, an arbitrary uneven pattern is applied to the covering material α,
This uneven pattern can be used as a cushion for expansion and contraction of the covering material α and the continuous molding strip A at the time of firing, and can also be used as a surface decorative pattern of the long ceramic plate B.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the continuous production apparatus for a long porcelain plate according to the present invention, clay extrusion, moisture reduction, firing, and cooling can be continuously performed in a small straight line in a short time and at a high speed. There is a great feature that can be manufactured as. Further, since infrared rays, hot air using waste heat, high frequency heating and far infrared rays radiated from ceramic paper, which is the main constituent material of the coating material, are used to reduce the water content of the clay, the cost is low, and
It has the feature that water content can be smoothly reduced in a short time and that it can be mass-produced with high efficiency. In addition, the covering material functions as a reinforcing material for the continuous molding strip, and can prevent deformation of the composite continuous strip during transportation. Further, the coating material is characterized by preventing cracks and cracks during drying and firing. Also,
The porcelain plate has the characteristic that it can be cut to any length.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a typical example of a continuous porcelain plate continuous production apparatus according to the present invention, FIGS. 2 (a) to (h) are perspective views showing an example of a continuous forming band, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a part of the dryer, and FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a part of the firing furnace. 1 ... Clay, 3 ... Vacuum forming machine, 4 ... Coating material supply machine,
7 ... Heater, 8 ... Dryer, 11 ... High frequency heating machine, 13
…… Baking furnace, 26 …… Running cutter, A …… Continuous forming band,
A '... composite continuous strip, B ... long ceramic plate.

Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification number Reference number within the agency FI Technical indication location C04B 33/30 CL 33/32 L Examiner Masahiro Hiratsuka (56) References Japanese Patent Publication 660049 (JP, B2) Japanese Patent Publication Sho 60-3038 (JP, B2)

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A vacuum forming machine for continuously extruding a raw material containing clay as a main material, and a coating material mainly composed of ceramic paper is laminated on at least one of the front surface and the back surface of a continuous forming strip sent from the forming machine. A coating material feeder for coating, a heater using infrared rays as a heat source for drying a composite continuous zone in which the coating material is laminated, a dryer for drying the composite continuous zone sent from the heater, and the dryer High-frequency heater for further drying the inside of the composite continuous zone delivered from the above, a firing furnace for firing the composite continuous zone delivered from the heater, and a standard length for the fired composite continuous zone delivered from the firing furnace. An apparatus for continuously producing a long porcelain plate, characterized in that a traveling cutter for cutting into pieces and a transfer device for conveying the long porcelain plate cut to a fixed length by the cutter are linearly arranged.