JPH07251093A - Crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To adjust the particle size of crushed particles within a prescribed range. CONSTITUTION:In this crusher equipped with at least two rotor shafts 2, 3 and rotor blades 4, 5 which are respectively fixed coaxially on the rotor shafts 2, 3 at regular intervals and arranged to be engaged mutually with the adjacent rotor shafts 2, 3 side, a comb-shaped scraper type fixed blade 10 which is installed outside the rotor shafts 2, 3 located on the outermost side to be engaged with the rotor blades 4, 5 and a scraper type fixed blade transfer mechanism 40 for changing the degree of engagement with the rotor blades 4, 5 are installed.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a crushing device. More specifically, car bodies, engines, home appliances,
Improvement of the crushing particle size adjustment structure in a crushing device for crushing crushed materials made of relatively hard waste such as wood to crushed materials made of relatively soft waste such as raw garbage, rubber tires and tatami mats Regarding

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a crushing device, for example, FIG.
~ The one shown in Fig. 10 is known.

This conventional crushing device has two rotor shafts 2, 3 which are arranged in parallel in the horizontal direction below a hopper-shaped charging port 1 which is opened upward and into which a crushing material D is charged.
And rotor blades 4 and 5 which are coaxially fixed to both rotor shafts 2 and 3 at regular intervals and which are arranged so as to mesh with the adjacent rotor shafts 2 and 3. Drive units 6 and 7 that rotate the rotor shafts 2 and 3 are connected to the rotor shafts 2 and 3. Further, below the rotor shafts 2, 3, and the rotor blades 4, 5, there is provided an inclined discharge port 8 for discharging the crushed particles T, which are the crushed material D crushed into particles and chips.

In this conventional crushing device, as shown in FIG. 10, the rotor blades 4 and 5 are formed in a single-edged shape, and the rotor shafts 2 and 3 rotate inward (forward direction) at the same speed. The crushing material D is wound between the rotor blades 4 and 5 and crushed. Since the crushed crushed particles T fall into the discharge port 8 from between the rotor shafts 2, 3, rotor blades 4, 5, etc., the size (crushed particle size) of the crushed particles T is the rotor shafts 2, 3, rotor blades 4 , 5 and so on.

In such a conventional crushing apparatus, since the intervals of the rotor shafts 2, 3, rotor blades 4, 5, etc. are fixed, the crushed particle size of the crushed particles T can be adjusted in response to reprocessing after crushing. There is a problem that it cannot be adjusted. further,
Since the crushing of the crushed material D is simply performed between the rotor shafts 2, 3 and the rotor blades 4, 5 which are large-sized members that rotate with each other, the crushed particle sizes of the crushed particles T should be uniform and uniform. There is a problem that you cannot do it.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in consideration of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a crushing device capable of adjusting the crushing particle size of crushed particles and uniformly adjusting the crushed particle size.

[0007]

In order to solve the above problems, the crushing apparatus according to the present invention employs the following means.

That is, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the crushing comprises at least two rotor shafts, and rotor blades coaxially fixed to the rotor shafts at regular intervals and arranged so as to mesh with the adjacent rotor shaft sides. In the device, a comb-teeth shaped scraper type fixed blade provided so as to mesh with the rotor blade on the outer side of the rotor shaft located at the outermost side, and the scraper type fixed blade is moved to engage the scraper type fixed blade with the rotor blade. And a scraper type fixed blade moving mechanism for changing the degree.

According to a second aspect of the invention, in the crushing apparatus of the first aspect, in the crushing apparatus of the first aspect, at least 1.
It is characterized in that a rotor shaft moving mechanism for moving the rotor shafts of the book to change the distance between the rotor shafts is provided.

[0010]

According to the above-mentioned means, in the first aspect, the crushed material is secondarily crushed between the scraper type fixed blade and the rotor blade, so that the crushed particles are prevented from varying in crushed particle size. Then, by driving the scraper type fixed blade moving mechanism, the interval between the scraper type fixed blade and the rotor blade can be adjusted, and the crushed particle size of the crushed particles can be adjusted. Therefore, the problem of providing a crushing device that can adjust the crushing particle size of the crushed particles and can uniformly arrange the crushed particles can be solved.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the operation of the first aspect, the rotor shaft 2 is driven by driving the rotor shaft moving mechanism.
The distance between the rotor blades 4 and 5 is also adjusted, which contributes to the adjustment of the crushed particle size.

[0012]

EXAMPLE An example of the crushing device according to the present invention is shown in FIG.
~ It demonstrates based on FIG.

1 to 5 show a first embodiment of a crushing apparatus according to the present invention.

In this embodiment, the rotor shafts 2 and 3 are shown to have two shafts as in the above-mentioned conventional example.

The rotor shafts 2 and 3 of this embodiment are formed in a cylindrical shape and are arranged substantially parallel to each other in a substantially horizontal direction.

As shown in FIG. 3, separate hydraulic motors 61, 71, hydraulic pumps 62, 62 are provided for the rotor shafts 2, 3, respectively.
Drive units 6 and 7 including 72 and electric motors 63 and 73 are connected to each other. The rotor shaft 3 and the hydraulic motor 71 of the drive unit 7 are horizontally movable by the rotor shaft moving mechanism 20. The rotor shaft moving mechanism 20 includes a bearing 3 ″ of one rotor shaft 3 and one drive unit 7
Of the hydraulic motor 71 and slides in the horizontal direction, and an actuator 202 such as a hydraulic cylinder that is connected to the slide base 201 and drives the slide of the slide base 201.

A controller 9 having an operating portion 9'is connected to the electric motors 63 and 73 of both drive portions 6 and 7. Further, the hydraulic pumps 62 and 72 of the drive units 6 and 7 are
The controller 9 is connected via a detection unit 30 composed of a pressure switch.

Therefore, by operating the controller 9, the rotations of both rotor shafts 2 and 3 can be individually drive-controlled. The controller 9 is provided with a timer and a memory function so that the operating speed of each rotor shaft 2, 3 can be automatically set by inputting and setting the rotation speed, the rotation direction, the rotation direction switching time, etc. of the rotor shafts 2, 3. It has become. When the load applied to the hydraulic pumps 62 and 72 of the drive units 6 and 7 exceeds a certain pressure, the detection unit 30 and the controller 9 drive the rotor shaft moving mechanism 20 to drive the rotor shafts 2 and 3. The space S between the axes is widened. The controller 9 can also be manually operated by operating the operation unit 9 '. The two drive parts 6 and 7 are arranged so as to face each other on both sides of the rotor shafts 2 and 3 so as to prevent the influence of vibrations or the like caused by the individual control and to facilitate the sliding of the other rotor shaft 3. ing.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the rotor blades 4 and 5 of this embodiment are coaxially fixed to the rotor shafts 2 and 3 at regular intervals and mesh with the other rotor shafts 2 and 3 side. It is located in. The rotor blades 4 and 5 are
As shown in detail in FIG. 4, the ring-shaped body portions 41 and 51 are
Blade-mounting parts 42, 52 that project four radially from the blade
Are formed on both sides of the concave and convex with bolts 43 and 53 so as to fix the cutting edge tips 44 and 54, and the double-edged shape is capable of pressing the crushed material D in both forward and reverse directions of rotation. The cutting edge tips 44, 54 are made of a material having good wear resistance such as special hardened steel, but when worn, the bolts 43, 54
It can be easily replaced by 53.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a scraper type fixed blade 10 is meshed with the outside of the rotor blades 4 and 5. This scraper type fixed blade 10 is shown in FIG.
2, the reinforcing plates 102, 10 are provided on both front and back surfaces of the comb-teeth shaped substrate 101 extending obliquely downward from the charging port 1.
3 is fixed. The scraper type fixed blade 10 is connected to a scraper type fixed blade moving mechanism 40 such as a hydraulic cylinder so that the degree of meshing with the rotor blades 4 and 5 can be changed. The scraper type fixed blade 10 and the scraper type fixed blade moving mechanism 40 on the rotor shaft 3 side which are slid by the rotor shaft moving mechanism 20 are slid together with the rotor shaft 3 and the like by the rotor shaft moving mechanism 20. It has become. The scraper type fixed blade moving mechanism 40 is connected to the controller 9 and is automatically and manually controlled.

According to such an embodiment, in order to perform the crushing process, basically the rotor shafts 2 and 3 are rotated inwardly at the same speed as in the conventional example. At this time, the scraper type fixed blade 10 scrapes off the crushed material D between the rotor blades 4 and 5 and performs secondary crushing. Therefore, the secondary crushing makes the crushed particle sizes of the crushed crushed particles T uniform. Then, by driving the scraper type fixed blade moving mechanism 40 by the controller 9 to change the degree of meshing between the scraper type fixed blade 10 and the rotor blades 4 and 5, the secondary crushing is adjusted to obtain the crushed particles T. The crushed particle size can be adjusted. Since such adjustment is performed by the scraper type fixed blade 10 and the scraper type fixed blade moving mechanism 40 having a simple structure, the structure of the entire apparatus is not complicated.

During the crushing process, if the crushed material D is hard or if the hard material is mixed in the soft material, the load on the hydraulic pumps 62, 72 of the drive units 6, 7 will increase. However, the increase of the load is detected by the detection unit 30, and the detection signal of the detection unit 30 is transmitted to the controller 9. The controller 9 sends an operation signal to the actuator 202 of the rotor shaft moving mechanism 20 when the detection signal of the detection unit 30 is equal to or higher than a certain pressure.

As a result, the slide base 201 of the rotor shaft moving mechanism 20 slides to move the other rotor shaft 3 in the horizontal direction to widen the inter-axis S between the rotor shafts 2 and 3 and to make the rotor blades 4 and 5 move. The degree of meshing is reduced to make the rotor shafts 2, 3
Widen the space between the rotor blades 4 and 5. Therefore, the crushed material D easily falls from between the rotor shafts 2 and 3 and the rotor blades 4 and 5, and the loads on the hydraulic pumps 62 and 72 of the drive units 6 and 7 are reduced.

Hydraulic pumps 62, 72 of the drive units 6, 7
By automatically adjusting the load of No. 3, it is possible to efficiently crush the crushed material D of different materials without replacing the rotor shafts 2, 3, and the rotor blades 4, 5. Further, this adjustment also enables adjustment of the crushed particle size of the crushed particles T, so that the adjustment by the scraper type fixed blade 10 or the like described above can be performed more reliably
make it easier.

Depending on the material of the crushed material D, it is possible to control the rotation speed, the rotation direction, the rotation switching time, etc. of both rotor shafts 2, 3.

That is, for example, the crushed material D is the rotor blades 4,
If the rotor blades 4 and 5 are not slid and slid on 5 and are not caught by the rotor blades 4 and 5, a difference in rotational speed between the rotor shafts 2 and 3 is provided.
The posture of the crushed material D on the rotor blades 4, 5 is forcibly changed so that the crushing material D is easily acted on by the pressing force of the rotor blades 4, 5. Further, the crushed material D is wound around the rotor blades 4 and 5,
When it is sandwiched, one of the rotor shafts 2 and 3 is rotated in the opposite direction, and the crushed material D is twisted out or cut between the rotor blades 4 and 5. The scraper type fixed blade 10 assists the twisting-out and cutting of the crushed material D from between the rotor blades 4 and 5 by the above function.

The rotation of one of the rotor shafts 2 and 3 in the opposite direction causes a tearing force to act on the crushed material D already wound around the rotor blades 4 and 5. Therefore,
It is possible to reliably crush the crushed material D, which is a material that is difficult to be crushed effectively only by the impact pressure. The rotor blades 4, 5
Since it has a double-edged shape, the crushing material D can be crushed by applying a pressing force to the crushing material D even in the reverse rotation. In particular, since the scraper type fixed blade 10 is provided on the rotating side in the opposite direction, the crushing force does not decrease.

Therefore, when the crushed material D slides, jumps, wraps around, or is caught, the drive units 6 and 7 are temporarily stopped and the crushed material D is pressed or cut from above. It is not necessary to carry out the corresponding treatment while continuing the crushing treatment. Therefore, damage to the rotor blades 4, 5 and other parts is prevented. Further, by controlling the drive of the controller 9 in advance, it is possible to prevent the crushed material D from sliding, jumping, winding, being caught or the like.

FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment of the crushing apparatus according to the present invention.

In this embodiment, the rotor shafts 2 and 3 are hexagonal prisms, and the small corner projections 2'and 3'are provided on each of the six surfaces to form the corners.

According to this embodiment, since the ridges of the hexagonal prism, the ridges of the small prismatic projections 2 ', 3'and the corners formed by the horns are caught on the crushed material D, the rotor shafts 2, 3 and the rotor blades are 4,
The crushed material D is prevented from slipping between the crushed material 5 and the crushed material D, and the crushing force is increased. In addition, in particular, the above-mentioned tearing force is also increased. Further, since the rotor shafts 2 and 3 are made non-circular, the mounting strength of the rotor blades 4 and 5 is increased.

In this embodiment, the rotor blades 4 and 5 are also provided with the small rectangular projections 45 and 55 so that the rotor shafts 2 and 3 can be mounted on the rotor blades 6 and 6.
It has the same function as the corner.

FIG. 7 shows a crushing apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

In this embodiment, a rotary shaft type (for example, a motor) is used as the actuator 202 of the rotor shaft moving mechanism 20, and the two arms 2 from the actuator 202 are used.
A shaft 206 is rotatably connected to the slide base 201 via 03, 204 and one shaft 205.

According to this embodiment, the rotor shaft moving mechanism 2
The slide base 201 can be slid by the rotational movement of the actuator 202 of 0.

In addition to the illustrated embodiment, the rotor shafts 2 and 3 may be prisms or elliptic cylinders other than hexagonal.

Furthermore, it is possible to provide an embodiment in which three or more rotor shafts 2 and 3 are provided or two or more rotor shafts are slid to change the inter-shaft distance S.

Further, the rotor shafts 2 and 3 are arranged so as to be stepped up and down, and in the case of three, they are arranged so that one is piled up on the other two. In addition to the example, it is possible to adopt an embodiment in which the arrangement space is varied. In the case of the former, if there is a step on the top and bottom, waste etc. will always ride on the lower rotor shaft,
Compared with the case of horizontal installation, there is an effect that wastes can be prevented from sliding up on the blade. Further, in the latter case, the wastes and the like are not only crushed on one side on the lower side but also crushed on the upper side, that is, on the two sides at the same time, so that the processing speed can be increased.

Further, it is possible to adopt an embodiment in which the rotor shafts 2 and 3 are arranged side by side so as to narrow toward one side. In this case, the waste or the like sandwiched between the narrow ones will be finely crushed.

Furthermore, it is also possible to provide an embodiment in which the rotor blades 4, 5 have three or less irregularities or five or more irregularities.

Further, the embodiment is an embodiment in which the detecting unit 30 is a sensor capable of detecting a numerical value and the inter-axis S between the rotor shafts 2 and 3 is finely adjusted in a stepless manner in accordance with the loads of the driving units 6 and 7. You can also

[0042]

As described above, the crushing device according to the present invention is
In common with each claim, the crushing material can be subjected to secondary crushing between the rotor blade and the scraper type fixed blade, and the degree of meshing between the rotor blade and the scraper type fixed blade can be adjusted by the scraper type fixed blade moving mechanism. Since the secondary crushing can be adjusted by adjusting the crushing particle size, the crushing particle size of the crushed particles can be adjusted or uniformly adjusted.

Further, in common with each claim, since the scraper-type fixed blade and the scraper-type fixed blade moving mechanism having a simple structure for adjusting the crushed particle size of the crushed particles are used, the structure of the entire apparatus is not complicated. effective.

Further, as only in claim 2, there is an effect that the crushed particle size of the crushed particles can be adjusted more reliably and easily by changing the axis of the rotor shaft.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a first embodiment of a crushing device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of a main part of FIG.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of FIG.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of FIG.

5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the main part of FIG.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of essential parts showing a second embodiment of the crushing device according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of essential parts showing a third embodiment of the crushing device according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a conventional example.

9 is a side view of FIG.

10 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the main parts of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 2,3 Rotor shaft 4,5 Rotor blade 6,7 Drive unit 9 Controller 10 Scraper type fixed blade 20 Rotor shaft moving mechanism 40 Scraper type fixed blade moving mechanism

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A crushing device comprising: at least two rotor shafts; and rotor blades coaxially fixed to the rotor shafts at regular intervals so as to mesh with adjacent rotor shafts. Comb-shaped fixed blade provided outside the rotor shaft so as to mesh with the rotor blade, and a scraper that moves the scraper fixed blade to change the degree of meshing between the scraper fixed blade and the rotor blade. A crushing device comprising a fixed blade moving mechanism. 2. The crushing device according to claim 1, further comprising a rotor shaft moving mechanism that moves at least one rotor shaft to change a distance between the rotor shafts. 3. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the rotor blade has a double-edged shape for pressing the crushing material in both forward and reverse directions of rotation.