JP2015034658A - Fracture material supply device for incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve some problems such as a long pre-processing step, a large number of equipment units and a large mounting space and the like found in a garbage incinerator having fracture facility acting as a pre-processing unit for incineration in a stable combustion system composed of prior art five stages such as a receiving part, a quantitative supply part for crushing machine, a crushing machine, a transport machine, and a quantitative supply part for incinerator.SOLUTION: This invention relates to a fracture material supply device for an incinerator having a structure in which a feeding hopper for temporarily storing incineration items supplied from a feeding means such as a bucket and the like, fracture blades of a fracture machine installed in opposition to a lower opening of the feeding hopper and a push-in device capable of pushing-in the incineration items into the fracture machine are installed at the lower part of the feeding hopper, and the incineration items fractured by the fracture machine can be directly fed into the incinerator through a shoot part.

Description

  The present invention belongs to the field related to a crushed material supply device to an incinerator.

  In a waste incinerator equipped with a crushing facility as a pretreatment for incineration, it has conventionally been stably combusted in five steps: a receiving unit, a quantitative supply unit to the crusher, a crusher, a transporter, and a quantitative supply unit to the incinerator. However, there are problems such as a long pretreatment process, a large number of devices, and a large installation space.

  For example, the invention described in Patent Document 1 is such a system, and a long conveyor for conveying the incinerated material obliquely upward is installed between the waste charging hopper and the incinerator having a pretreatment process. It had been. Moreover, the screw conveyor of the fixed_quantity | feed_rate supply apparatus was prepared in the tip of the conveyor. And, for example, Patent Documents 2 to 7 disclose incineration acceptance, crushing equipment, and supply equipment to the incinerator for incineration work in an incinerator, both accepting incineration, crushing, and incineration. There was a lack of knowledge that closely linked the supply to the furnace.

JP 2009-286530 A JP 2005-127607 A JP 2013-44473 A JP-A-8-121745 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-23609 JP-A-8-290075 JP 2001-259468 A

The above-described conventional waste supply apparatus is incinerated to perform stable combustion in an incinerator, even if it is intended to solve problems such as a long pretreatment process of the incinerator, a large number of equipment, and a large installation space. Since the quantitative supply of waste is indispensable and it is necessary to supply a fixed quantity of incinerated material that has been crushed and adjusted in particle size, it is necessary to connect the main equipment crusher to the quantitative supply machine. It was necessary to have a feeder for feeding into the machine and a long conveyor for feeding to the quantitative feeder.
Therefore, the present invention has focused on a crusher in order to solve problems such as a long pretreatment process of the incinerator, a large number of devices, and a large installation space. The present invention greatly reduces and simplifies these pretreatment processes, thereby minimizing construction costs, facility costs, and maintenance costs, and facilitating energy saving and operation management.
And (a), incinerate is thrown directly into the crusher. (B) The incinerated product is crushed by crushing it in a crusher, enabling continuous and quantitative crushing and discharging. By realizing these two points, the crusher becomes a supply device for stable combustion of the incinerator, and the incineration system is organized in the simplest and shortest input → crush quantitative supply → incinerator.
For that purpose, the shape of the cutter of the crusher, the clearance adjustment between the cutters of the biaxial crusher, the control of the rotation speed and direction of the cutter, the control of pushing the incinerated product into the crusher, the quantitative supply of the incinerated product in the chute It was decided to devise an unprecedented device.

  The apparatus for supplying crushed material to an incinerator according to the present invention is disposed opposite to a charging hopper that temporarily stores incinerated material supplied from charging means such as a bucket, and an opening at a lower portion of the charging hopper. A crushing blade of the crusher and a pushing device that can push the incinerator into the crusher are provided at the lower part of the input hopper, and the incinerated material crushed by the crusher can be put directly into the incinerator through the chute. It is characterized by that.

  Moreover, the crushed material supply apparatus to the incinerator according to the present invention is characterized in that the crusher is a biaxial crusher.

  Further, in the crushed material supply device to the incinerator according to the present invention, the cutter attached to the biaxial crusher has a plurality of blade portions each including an outer peripheral portion and a symmetric constricted portion in a side view, and the blade portions. Cutter blades composed of a plurality of inter-blade gaps formed between them and circumferential shafts are alternately arranged, and the incinerated material is crushed in both forward and reverse directions. And

  Further, in the crushed material supply device to the incinerator according to the present invention, the clearance between the combined cutters is 5 for the clearance between the outer peripheral portion of the cutter and the circumferential shaft portion of the cutter and the clearance between the cutter blades. -10 mm.

  Further, the crushed material supply device to the incinerator according to the present invention controls the rotation of the crusher and the pushing speed of the pushing device by the furnace feeding control system based on the measured values such as the gas concentration accompanying the combustion and the temperature in the furnace. It is characterized by doing.

  The crushed material supply apparatus for an incinerator according to the present invention is characterized by using a disperser, a rectifying plate, or a pushing screw when sending the incinerated material to the incinerator through the chute.

  The crushed material supply method to the incinerator according to the present invention includes a crushed material supply device, a bucket for charging the incinerated material into the input hopper, an input hopper, a pushing device installed at a lower portion of the input hopper, and a crusher The incinerator's combustion state is measured by the detection unit, and the combustion state of the incinerator is measured by the detection unit to the furnace supply control system. The calculated value in the furnace supply control system is sent as a signal to the crusher control panel to control the swinging of the pushing device, and the calculated value is also transmitted to the inverter to determine the rotation speed of the crusher motor. It is characterized by controlling the rotation direction.

Conventionally, it has been a system that stably burns in five steps: a receiving unit, a quantitative supply unit to a crusher, a crusher, a transporter, and a quantitative supply unit to an incinerator. However, in view of problems such as a long pretreatment process, a large number of devices, and a large installation space, the present invention has a simple configuration, which greatly reduces construction costs, facility costs, and maintenance costs. Moreover, energy saving and easy operation management can be achieved.
Also, by adopting a twin-screw crusher, the crushing efficiency was improved by eliminating the conveyor and crushing incinerators into the input hopper with a bucket crane etc. and crushing from the stacked state.
In addition, by improving the shape structure of the cutter of the biaxial crusher, the incinerated stacks are crushed by adjusting the particle size continuously and quantitatively without causing overload, and the crusher is overloaded. Even if it occurs, waste can be supplied in the same manner as normal rotation by reversing the cutter, making it possible to ensure continuity of supply to the incinerator.
In addition, since the furnace supply control system controls the crushing and crushing speed of the crusher, the pushing speed of the pushing device, and the pushing angle in response to the measured values such as the gas concentration, smooth incineration of the incinerated products is ensured. .
In addition, if a disperser, baffle plate or push-in screw is installed in the chute from the crusher to the incinerator, the CO concentration in the incinerator will rise sharply (ramp) or the incinerated waste will fall off (excessive Supply) can be minimized.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a crushed material supply device to an incinerator in the prior art. FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing a crushed material supply device to an incinerator in the present invention. 3 is an external view showing a supply portion of the crushed material supply apparatus of the present invention shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing the main part of the crushing and feeding apparatus of the present invention, and a top view of the cutter is also shown. FIG. 5 is a state diagram in which incinerated materials are supplied to the crusher. FIG. 6 is a state diagram in which the incinerated product supplied to the crusher is forcibly pushed by a pushing device. In FIG. 7, (a) is an external view of a conventional cutter, and (b) is an external view of the cutter of the present invention. FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of the control of the crushed material supply device of the present invention. FIG. 9 is an explanatory view showing an example in which a disperser is provided in the downstream portion of the crushing apparatus.

  What is shown in FIG. 1 is a prior art, for example, a crushed material supply device to an incinerator disclosed in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-286530). According to this apparatus, the incinerated material 11 stored in the garbage pit 1 is put into the charging hopper 3 by the bucket 2 and then sequentially sent to the crushing machine 5 by the crusher charging conveyor 4 to be crushed. The crushed incineration material 11 is conveyed by the conveyance conveyor 6 to the fixed quantity supply apparatus 7 consisting of a screw conveyor or the like. The fixed amount supply device 7 supplies a fixed amount of the crushed incinerator 11 to the incinerator 9 to perform the incineration operation. As described above, conventionally, the pretreatment process of the incinerator 9 is in accordance with the five steps including the charging hopper 3, the crusher charging conveyor 4, the crushing machine 5, the transfer conveyor 6, and the quantitative supply device 7 to the incinerator 9. Since the system was designed to provide a stable supply of the incinerated product 11, the pretreatment process was long, the number of equipment was large, and the installation space had to be wide.

The present invention achieves simplification of the system itself with a focus on shortening the pretreatment process. At the same time, in order to guarantee the certainty of the incineration work, the present invention has been achieved on the premise that the crushed particle size of the incinerated material is adjusted and the quantitative supply to the incinerator is realized. At that time, we focused on the crusher. There are two requirements for the crusher, one is that the incinerated product can be directly put into the crusher, and the other is that the crusher continuously adjusts the particle size and quantitatively crushes and discharges. It can be done.
To that end, the shape of the cutter of the crusher, the clearance adjustment between the cutters of the biaxial crusher, the control of the rotation speed of the cutter, the control of pushing the incinerated product into the crusher, the quantitative supply of the incinerated product in the chute so far It was decided to devise no ingenuity.

  FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the present invention. The incinerated material 11 stored in the garbage pit 1 is continuously charged into the charging hopper 3 by the bucket 2. An air seal portion 13 is provided at the upper portion of the crusher 5 as a place where air is blocked from the inside of the furnace by dust piled up on the charging hopper 3. Further, the incinerated material 11 is sequentially crushed by the crushing blade of the crusher 5 disposed in the opening at the bottom of the charging hopper 3. At that time, the pushing device 8 swings as necessary, and the incinerated material 11 can be pushed into the crusher 5. The incinerated material 11 crushed by the crusher is quantitatively supplied to the incinerator 9 directly through the chute 14 while being rectified or pushed in by the rectifying plate 10 or the pushing screw 12. In addition, 15 in the figure is a seal damper that rotates only when the incinerator is started up and shut down, closes the chute portion 14 to prevent the incinerator from falling into the incinerator, and blocks the radiant heat of the furnace, It is open during normal operation of the incinerator.

  FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the main configuration of the present invention. An appropriate number of pushing devices 8 are provided in the lower part of the charging hopper 3 so as to be opposite to each other and symmetrically formed. The cross-section that swings freely into and out of the air seal portion 13 is constituted by a partial cylindrical body having a substantially quadrant. Are alternately or simultaneously oscillated to compress the dust into the crusher 5 and send it quantitatively. The crushing blade of the crusher 5 is provided opposite to the opening at the bottom of the charging hopper 3. A chute part 14 is provided following the discharge part of the crusher 5, and the incinerated product is quantitatively supplied to the incinerator 9. A rectifying plate 10 and a pushing screw 12 are attached to the chute portion 14. The rectifying plate 10 is swung, and the pushing screw 12 is rotated to control the flow of the incinerated material in the chute portion 14.

  FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the crusher 5 of the present invention. The pushing device 8 provided in the lower part of the charging hopper 3 and the crusher 5 installed therebelow are shown, and a top view of the cutter 20 used in the crusher 5 is shown. The top view of the cutter 20 shows that the cutter 20 has the cutter blades 21 and the circumferential shaft portions 26 arranged alternately. The cutters 20 are combined to form the crusher 5, and the clearance C between the outer peripheral portion 22 of the cutter 20 and the circumferential shaft portion 26 of the cutter 20 and the clearance C between the cutter blades 21 are both 5 to 10 mm. It also shows that. Thus, it is possible to reduce the rotational horsepower of the crusher 5 by increasing the clearance C between the cutters 20 as compared with the cutter crusher of the normal crusher being 0.5 to 1 mm. At the same time, consideration is given so that overload does not occur even when a large amount of the incinerated material 11 is charged.

  The thing of one Example of FIG. 5 has shown that the incinerated material 11 sent to the crusher 5 will be in the state pressurized by the cutter of the crusher 5 with the dead weight of the incinerated material 11 piled up. And since it crushes so that the pressurization surface may be scraped off while a cutter rotates, it represents that the crushing particle size is adjusted despite the large clearance.

  FIG. 6 shows that the incinerator 11 is actively pushed into the cutter of the crusher 5 by alternately or intermittently swinging the pushing device 8 provided in the lower portion of the charging hopper 3. Yes. It can be used when the pressure is insufficient or when you want to positively control the pressure and discharge. The pushing device 8 has a function of preventing or releasing the closing of the charging hopper 3. In addition, the crushing machine's feed capacity (processing amount) is that the crushed material enters the space of the gap between the blades of the cutter (described later), is cut by the other cutter, and is discharged by the rotational force of the cutter, The feed volume per hour (processing amount) is determined by the product of the space volume of the gap between the blades of the cutter and the rotational speed. This is the same as the capacity calculation for pumps, etc., and the crusher is basically a quantitative device, but the feed rate is dramatically stabilized by increasing the filling rate of the gap between the cutter blades. Increases sex. In addition, the number of revolutions is significantly reduced (1 to 10 revolutions / minute) from the normal rotation of the crusher 5 (1 to 10 revolutions / minute), slip loss at the cutter part is eliminated, and incineration into the cutter space The filling efficiency can be increased. In addition, since a large torque can be obtained with a small amount of power by reducing the number of revolutions, it is possible to satisfy both performance securing and energy saving at the same time. With respect to the torque, there is no overload under normal operation with an overwhelming torque of 70000 Nm per meter of cutter length and a wide clearance between the cutters.

  (A) of FIG. 7 shows the cutter part of the conventional crusher, (b) has shown the cutter part of this invention. Although the conventional cutter 20 cannot cope with bidirectional rotation due to the shape of the blade, the cutter 20 of the present invention has a symmetric (axisymmetric) constricted portion 23 connected to the outer peripheral portion 22, and the blade portion. Since the gap 24 between the blades is provided between the blade 25 and the blade 25, bidirectional rotation is allowed as indicated by the arrows. This can be reversed if the crusher stops due to an overload, and it is not a temporary one to eliminate the overload. It means that continuous crushing discharge is possible while maintaining the amount. The shape of the blade portion 25 is substantially trapezoidal, and the shape of the gap portion 24 between the blades is also substantially trapezoidal that fits between the blade portions 25.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of the control of the crushed material supply apparatus of the present invention. What is required when quantitatively supplying an incinerator to an incinerator is “continuity”, “cutout accuracy”, and “peak of fluctuation range of cutout being suppressed”. Continuity is solved by strengthening the torque of the crusher 5 and setting a large clearance of the cutter 20 as described above. Even if an overload occurs, a countermeasure is taken by performing reverse operation. For incinerators that require high-precision incineration or are sensitive to supply fluctuations due to the small capacity of the incinerator, install a baffle plate or a push screw on the chute to ensure continuity. Ensures stability.
The crushed material supply apparatus shown in FIG. 8 includes a bucket 2 for charging an incinerated material into the charging hopper 3, a charging hopper 3, a pushing device 8 installed below the charging hopper 3, a crushing machine 5, and an incinerator 9. And a chute section 14 for sending the incineration product to. The combustion state of the incinerator 9 is measured by the detection unit 31 for detecting the temperature, gas concentration, and other data indicating the combustion state, and transmitted to the furnace supply control system 32. The The calculated value in the furnace supply control system 32 is sent as a signal to the crusher control panel 33 to control the swinging of the pushing device 8, and the calculated value is also transmitted to the inverter 34 so that the electric motor 35 of the crusher 5 Control the rotation speed and direction. Typical detection of gas concentration and the like is detection of carbon monoxide concentration, but does not exclude the combined use of carbon dioxide concentration and water vapor concentration.
By performing such control, the cutting accuracy is also provided with a function of following the required amount of the incinerator by controlling the pushing speed. The rotation of the crusher 5 is controlled by a speed control function such as an inverter. This method, which suppresses the peak of the maximum fluctuation range of cutting and supplies it directly to the furnace in a state where it has been broken up by crushing, makes it difficult to incinerate dispersible incineration during a long transfer process, or to supply a fixed quantity to the furnace (Screw) Consolidation at the outlet eliminates the possibility of a large amount of supply due to a significant decrease in quantitativeness, and is effective in suppressing the carbon monoxide concentration fluctuation and controlling the furnace temperature.

  When further supply accuracy is required, a disperser 16 as shown in FIG. 9 can be installed below the crusher 5 to carry out unloading to further bring the crushed material into a loose state.

  Thus, the crushed material supply apparatus of the present invention is completed by the crusher and the crushed material supply apparatus constituting one unit. Generally, adjusting the particle size of the incinerated product by pulverizing the waste makes the combustion rate uniform with respect to combustion and contributes to stable combustion, so the present invention in which the incinerator and the crusher are directly connected is Because it is possible to manufacture and combine crushed material supply devices that are appropriately compatible with various types and capacities of incinerators, not only when installing new incinerators, but also using existing incinerators to improve equipment Even when performing the above, it is possible to respond flexibly. In that sense, the possibilities of the present invention that can flexibly cope with the waste disposal problem of modern society are immeasurable.

1 Garbage Pit 2 Bucket 3 Loading Hopper 4 Crusher Loading Conveyor 5 Crushing Machine 6 Transporting Conveyor 7 Fixed Supply Device (Screw Conveyor)
8 Pushing device 9 Incinerator 10 Current plate 11 Incinerated material 12 Pushing screw 13 Air seal part 14 Chute part 15 Seal damper 16 Disperser (loading device)
20 Cutter 21 Cutter blade 22 Cutter outer peripheral portion 23 Constricted portion 24 Interblade gap portion 25 Blade portion 26 Circumferential shaft portion 31 Furnace temperature / gas concentration detection unit 32 Furnace supply control system 33 Crusher control panel 34 Inverter 35 Electric motor C Clearance

Claims (7)

  A charging hopper that temporarily stores incinerated material supplied from charging means such as a bucket, a crushing blade of a crusher disposed opposite to the opening at the bottom of the charging hopper, and pushing the incinerated material into the crushing machine An apparatus for supplying crushed material to an incinerator, characterized in that a pushing device that can be operated is provided at a lower portion of a charging hopper, and an incinerated material crushed by a crusher can be directly fed into an incinerator through a chute.   The said crusher is a biaxial crusher, The crushed material supply apparatus to the incinerator described in Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned.   The cutter attached to the biaxial crusher was composed of a plurality of blade portions each having an outer peripheral portion and a symmetrically constricted portion in a side view, and a plurality of inter-blade gap portions formed between the blade portions. Crushing to an incinerator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cutter blades and the circumferential shaft portions are alternately arranged to crush the incinerated material in both forward and reverse directions. Supply device.   The clearance between the cutters combined with each other is such that the clearance between the outer peripheral portion of the cutter and the circumferential shaft portion of the cutter and the clearance between the cutter blades are both 5 to 10 mm. The crushed material supply apparatus to the incinerator described in any one of -3.   The furnace supply control system controls the rotation of the crusher and the pushing speed of the pushing device on the basis of measured values such as gas concentration and furnace temperature accompanying combustion. Equipment for supplying crushed materials to an incinerator described in 1.   The crushed material to the incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a disperser, a baffle plate or a pushing screw is used when sending the incinerated product to the incinerator through the chute. Feeding device.   The crushed material supply device consists of a bucket for charging the incinerated product into the input hopper, an input hopper, a pushing device installed at the lower part of the input hopper, a crusher, and a chute unit that sends the incinerated material to the incinerator, The combustion state of the incinerator is measured by the detection unit, and the data used as indicators of the furnace temperature, gas concentration, and other combustion states are transmitted to the furnace supply control system, and the calculated values in the furnace supply control system are crushed as signals. Crushing to an incinerator, which is sent to the machine control panel to control the swing of the pushing device, and the calculated value is also transmitted to the inverter to control the rotation speed and rotation direction of the crusher motor. Supply method.