JPH07216362A - Vinegar, its preparation, and plant growth promoter - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To recycle wastes as resources and, at the same time, to reduce the required amounts of agrschemicals and fertilizers, by preparing vinegar which has a high effect of promoting the growth of plants from wastes discharged from food plants and org. materials such as agricultural wastes. CONSTITUTION:An org. material having a high carbon content is mixed with an org. material having a high nitrogen content to prepare a raw material having a regulated carbon to nitrogen weight ratio of (50:1) to (1:1), which is then subjected to dry distillation in a dry distillation oven 10 to give a gas and a carbide. The gas is cooled in an indirect cooling pipe 16 to condense and liquefy a condensable gas component contained in the gas. The organic material having a high carbon content is at least one member selected from among beer cake, beet cake, press cake of sugar cane (bagasse), rice hull, rice straw, and wood, and the organic material having a high nitrogen content is at least one member selected from among residue in the distillation of whiskey, press cake of soybean oil, cellular debris, yeast, yeast extract, plant and animal protein, bean-curd refuse, and sludge.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a vinegar solution (dry distillation condensed water-soluble solution) from organic matter such as waste from food factories and agricultural wastes, a method for producing the same, and a plant containing the vinegar solution as a main component. It relates to growth promoters.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, meals, by-products, and wastes discharged from the food industry have a large amount of discharge and are apt to be perishable. Therefore, they are simply discarded or incinerated. However, in recent years, with the increasing tendency to protect the global environment, due to the shortage of final disposal sites and the tightening of regulations on the legal system such as the prohibition of ocean dumping, it has become difficult to dispose of it as before.
On the other hand, most of agricultural waste such as rice husks and rice straw has been recycled so far as waste, incineration or feed or fertilizer, but since the added value of recycled materials is low in these methods, There has been a long-awaited demand for recycling of high value-added products that are industrially advantageous.

Further, regarding the vinegar solution, the use of the vinegar solution obtained as a by-product in the process of carbonizing wood has been promoted to agriculture, and the wood vinegar solution is used as a material for promoting plant growth and as a growth preservation material. Those containing as a main component have been proposed. For example, JP-A-52-102165
JP-A-55-9030 discloses a useful plant germination rooting accelerator containing wood vinegar as an active ingredient, and JP-A-55-9030 discloses a rice cold damage inhibitor containing wood vinegar as an active ingredient. 55-
No. 87710 discloses a seedling deterioration preventing agent for rice containing wood vinegar as an active ingredient.

However, the industrially effective use of wood vinegar has the following serious defects. First of all, wood vinegar obtained from wood does not have a direct plant growth promoting effect, and is mainly used by utilizing the bactericidal and insect repellent effects of wood vinegar, and secondly, in recent years While domestic production of charcoal is sluggish, domestic production of wood vinegar is declining, and carbonization itself is performed in very small units, so the quality is not constant. Furthermore, this carbonization occurs in mountainous areas. Although it is often done, wood vinegar is a by-product, but it has many drawbacks such as a great deal of labor and high freight just to collect it.

[0005]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Most food industry wastes or agricultural wastes that have been discarded in large quantities have been incinerated and discarded without being recycled, and are actively recycled. It was the current situation that it was not reached. Further, in the agricultural field, many chemically synthesized pesticides and fertilizers have been introduced into farmland in large quantities, and environmental destruction thereof has become a serious problem in recent years. Under these circumstances, the demand for natural pesticides, natural pesticides such as compost, and organic fertilizers is growing significantly. Moreover, the demand for commercially available wood vinegar is increasing as a traditional natural pesticide and organic fertilizer in recent years, but the wood vinegar is not produced by itself and is a by-product of the charcoal production process. And was not industrially produced.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to promote the recycling of the waste having a large discharge amount as described above. Another object of the present invention is to provide a large amount of vinegar solution having a high plant growth promoting effect which has never been achieved at a low cost in industry. By using the vinegar solution of the present invention as a plant growth promoter, inexpensive and safe crop production with reduced pesticides and fertilizers can be achieved especially in the agricultural field.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, C of various organic substances as raw materials is used.
/ N ratio (carbon / nitrogen ratio (weight ratio)) is adjusted, and organic matter is directly heated and dry distilled in the absence of oxygen (150 to 700 ° C).
It was found that the vinegar solution obtained by condensing the gas generated in this way in a cooling tube has a very strong plant growth promoting effect. The vinegar thus obtained is particularly used in the field of agriculture, and it was found that it is effective in promoting the growth of crops and increasing the yield of crops, and completed the present invention.

In the method for producing an vinegar solution of the present invention, the carbon / nitrogenation (weight ratio) contained in the raw material organic material is adjusted in advance so as to be in the range of 50 to 1, and then the organic material is subjected to dry distillation to produce a gas. And a carbide are obtained, the gas is cooled, and the condensable gas in the gas is condensed and liquefied. In addition, in the production method of the present invention, an organic substance having a high carbon content and an organic substance having a high nitrogen content are mixed, and carbon / nitrogenation (weight ratio) of 50 to 1 is performed.
The raw material adjusted to the range of
It is characterized in that the gas is cooled to condense and liquefy the condensable gas in the gas. Further, the production method of the present invention is to dry-distill an organic matter having a high carbon content to obtain a gas and a carbide, cool the gas to condense and liquefy a condensable gas in the gas to obtain an vinegar solution, while It is characterized in that a large amount of organic matter is subjected to dry distillation to obtain a gas and a carbide, the gas is cooled to condense and liquefy the condensable gas in the gas to obtain an vinegar solution, and both vinegar solutions are mixed.

As the organic substance having a high carbon content, at least one selected from the group consisting of beer meal, beet meal, sugar cane cake meal (bagasse), rice husk, rice straw and wood is used. In the present invention, "high carbon content" means that carbon is contained in an amount of 5% by weight or more, preferably 7% by weight or more. Further, as the organic matter having a high nitrogen content, at least one selected from the group consisting of whiskey distiller's meal, soybean oil squeezed meal, fermented cells, yeast, yeast extract, plant / animal protein, okara and sludge is used. In the present invention, "rich in nitrogen content" means that nitrogen is 0.5% by weight.
As described above, the content is preferably 2% by weight or more.

In the present invention, the C / N ratio should be in the range of 50 to 1 as described above, but preferably 25 to 2
Is the range. If it is less than this range, the pH of the vinegar solution obtained by dry distillation will be high, and the effect of inhibiting the growth of plants will appear. On the other hand, if the amount is larger than this range, the pH of the vinegar solution obtained by dry distillation will be low and acidic, and the effect of inhibiting the growth of plants will appear. The dry distillation temperature is 15 as described above.
The temperature is 0 to 700 ° C., preferably 250 to 550 ° C.

The vinegar solution of the present invention has a carbon / nitrogen ratio (weight ratio).
The gas obtained by dry-distilling the raw material organic substance adjusted to a range of 50 to 1 is cooled and condensed. Further, the vinegar solution of the present invention was obtained by dry distillation of a raw material obtained by mixing an organic substance having a high carbon content and an organic substance having a high nitrogen content such that the carbon / nitrogen ratio (weight ratio) was in the range of 50 to 1. The gas is cooled and condensed. Furthermore, the vinegar solution of the present invention is a vinegar solution obtained by cooling and condensing a gas obtained by dry-distilling an organic matter having a high carbon content, and a vinegar solution obtained by cooling-condensing a gas obtained by dry-distilling an organic matter having a high nitrogen content. It is a mixture of liquid. Further, the plant growth promoter of the present invention is the vinegar solution itself,
Alternatively, the main component is at least one of these vinegar solutions.

Hereinafter, a method for specifically producing the vinegar solution and the plant growth promoter of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
First, the C / N ratio of various organic substances as raw materials is analyzed, and two or more kinds of the organic substances are mixed to prepare raw materials so as to have an appropriate C / N ratio. When the C / N ratio of the organic substance is within a predetermined range, that is, in the range of 50 to 1, the raw material is used as it is. In this case, the organic matter used is C / N
Any organic substance may be used as long as the ratio falls within an appropriate range, for example, a mixture of beer lees and yeast mud can be used. Also, regarding the water content of the organic substance used, any water content can be used as long as it maintains an appropriate C / N.
However, naturally, the more the initial moisture is, the more the active ingredient concentration of the vinegar solution finally obtained is diluted,
When a predetermined active ingredient concentration is required, it is necessary to previously dry it at the raw material stage to adjust the water content.

Next, the process proceeds to a step of directly heating and dry-distilling (150 to 700 ° C.) the raw material organic substance in the absence of oxygen. First, the raw material organic material 26 is put into the dry distillation furnace 10 prepared in advance, the lid 12 is closed and the furnace is heated by the heating body 14 to heat the entire furnace at a predetermined temperature. After the raw materials are charged and the heating element 14 is turned on, the stirrer 20 is started. The stirring speed at this time may be any speed as long as the raw materials can be uniformly mixed, but is usually preferably 50 rpm or less.

The heating temperature is detected by the temperature measuring element T3 arranged on the side of the carbonization furnace, and the signal is connected to the control device (not shown) of the heater 10 to control the temperature so that the heating temperature becomes a predetermined temperature. I do. If the temperature measuring element T1 is installed in the central portion of the agitated organic substance 26 and in the headspace inside the furnace for control so that excessive heating or insufficient heating does not occur, more accurate and reliable temperature control can be achieved. It will be possible. As the temperature for dry distillation, any temperature may be selected as long as it is in the range of 150 to 700 ° C. In particular, it is desirable to select the temperature in the range of 250 to 550 ° C. at which the yields of the dry distillation condensed aqueous solution (vinegar solution) and the oily solution are high, and to carry out the dry distillation operation while controlling the temperature constant.

Next, the dry distillation gas distilled by heating is cooled using the indirect cooling pipe 16 and captured as a condensate,
Collect the vinegar solution, which is the water-soluble part, and the oily part. This time,
The cooling temperature may be higher than the solidification temperature of the oily liquid thus obtained and lower than the condensation temperature.
Particularly, in the range of 30 to 60 ° C., the viscosity of the condensed liquid is low and the yields of vinegar and oily liquid are high.

Next, regarding the heating method of the carbonization furnace 10, it is preferable to raise the temperature to the predetermined carbonization temperature promptly, but if the time to reach the predetermined temperature is kept constant, vinegar of a constant quality is obtained. A liquid can be obtained. The maintenance time of the dry distillation temperature after reaching the predetermined temperature may be determined in view of the distillation state of the vinegar solution 30 and the oily solution 32, and is not particularly limited.
Usually, the dry distillation operation is finished at the time when the distillation of the vinegar solution and the oily solution is completed, but the dry distillation may be stopped in the middle if the desired amount can be secured. Next, the charcoal remaining after the carbonization in this manner is recovered. The vinegar solution thus obtained can be used as it is, and the charcoal, charcoal,
It may be used by impregnating it with a mineral by-product such as activated carbon or vermiculite. 18 is a stirring motor, 22 is a heater, 24 is a nitrogen gas supply pipe, 28 is a receiving container, T
2 and T4 are temperature measuring elements (temperature sensors).

[0017]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail based on the following examples, but the invention is not intended to be limited to the following examples, and various modifications can be made as appropriate. Example 1 The apparatus shown in FIG. 1 was used as a dry distillation test apparatus in this example. First, as raw material organic matter, a mixture of dry beer lees with a C / N ratio of 13 and yeast extract with a C / N ratio of 5 at a weight ratio of 1: 1 (C / N ratio of the mixture was 8) was 10
0 g was prepared and charged into the carbonization furnace 10 and the furnace top lid 12
Then, the lapped portion was tightened at three points with a clamp to seal it. Next, nitrogen gas is flown into the furnace at a flow rate of 1 liter / minute for 10 minutes to replace the air remaining in the furnace with nitrogen gas, and then tap water is started to flow through the indirect cooling pipe 16, and the upper lid portion is covered with the ribbon heater 22. It heats up. The entire top lid is 15
When the temperature reached 0 ° C., the stirrer 20 was started at a rotation speed of 10 rpm, and at the same time, the mantle heater 14 for heating the dry distillation furnace was turned on to start heating the furnace. The heating is controlled by a thermocouple type temperature sensor (temperature measuring body) T3 installed between the mantle heater 14 and the furnace, and the signal is detected by a control device (not shown) installed in the mantle heater 14. Feedback and preset 350
The temperature was controlled so that the temperature became ° C. The temperature of the raw material organic material in the furnace reached 350 ° C. about 30 minutes after the start of heating. Distillation of the condensed water-soluble liquid (vinegar solution) by dry distillation started 10 minutes after the start of heating and completed 60 minutes later. On the other hand, the oily liquid started distilling after 20 minutes of heating, and likewise the water-soluble liquid, distilling ended after 60 minutes. The amount and analytical value of the vinegar solution thus obtained are as shown in Table 1.

[0018]

[Table 1]

Comparative Example 1 As the raw material organic matter, 10 dry beer lees having a C / N ratio of 13 were used.
0 g was prepared and the same test as in Example 1 was performed. The results are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 2 100 g of yeast extract having a C / N ratio of 5 was used as a raw material organic substance.
It prepared, and the same test as Example 1 was performed. The results are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 3 As the raw material organic material, 100 g of wood having a C / N ratio of 500 was prepared, and the same test as in Example 1 was conducted. The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 2 Next, a Japanese mustard spinach cultivation test using various vinegar solutions shown in Table 1 was conducted. Twelve No. 5 pots (upper inner diameter 13 cm, lower inner diameter 8 cm, depth 11 cm) were prepared and filled with soil mixed with a ratio of red sphere soil 7: compost 3 to prepare soil for a growth test. Next, 10 ml of each vinegar solution obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 was sampled, 10 liters of water was added to this, and about 500 ml of a 1000-fold diluted vinegar solution was irrigated. 20 seeds of Japanese mustard spinach are sown and the temperature is 15 to 30.
Cultivated in a greenhouse controlled at ° C. 100 of each vinegar
Approximately 100 ml of the 0-fold diluted solution was given to each pot with a sprinkler per day to continue watering, and cultivation was carried out for 30 days for observation. This time,
For comparison, a cultivation test was also conducted under the same conditions at the same time in a test section in which only vinegar was not added to the water.

Table 2 shows the results of analysis of the leaf weight of the above-ground part after 30 days of cultivation. As is clear from Table 2, the dry-distilled vinegar as a raw material in which beer lees and yeast extract were mixed at a ratio of 1: 1 showed the best growth compared to the water-only test group, and the increase was about 130% of the water test group. . The individual dry-distilled vinegar test categories of beer lees and yeast extract each showed some growth promoting effects. Note that 230% in the first embodiment is 7.4 ÷ 3.2.
The value is × 100.

[0024]

[Table 2]

2 and 3 show an example in which the leaves obtained after 30 days from Komatsuna obtained in Example 2 were cut and arranged from the root. FIG. 2 shows the result of growing by irrigating with water only, and FIG. 3 shows the result of growing the vinegar solution obtained in Example 1 by the method shown in Example 2.

FIG. 4 shows the result of gas chromatography analysis of the vinegar solution obtained in Example 1 above. The conditions of the gas chromatography analysis used at this time are as follows. The numbers in FIG. 4 indicate the time when the substance shown in FIG. 4 was detected (the time from the injection into the gas chromatograph until the detection). This is usually called the retention time and is independent of the amount of substance. Gas chromatograph: Shimadzu Corporation GC-17A detector: FID column: Shimadzu Corporation capillary column CBJWAX-025-30 Column temperature: 50 to 230 ° C. (temperature increase of 3 ° C./min)
) Hold at 230 ℃ for 30 minutes Carrier gas: Helium (0.7 kgf / cm ² )

Example 3 Next, C / N 157 bagasse and C / N were used as raw material organic substances.
Prepare 100 g of a mixture of soybean oil squeezed lees with a ratio of 6 in a weight ratio of 1: 1 (C / N ratio of the mixture is 11.3), perform dry distillation as in Example 1, and add 41 ml of vinegar. Obtained. Further, a komatsuna cultivation test using the obtained vinegar solution was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2, and as a result, it was 27 in the water test section (control example).
It increased by%. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0028]

[Table 3]

Example 4 Beet meal of C / N 210 and C / N ratio 8 as raw material organic matter
100 g of a mixture of the above-mentioned whiskey distiller's meal in a weight ratio of 1: 1 (C / N ratio of the mixture was 15.5) was prepared, and dry distillation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain 49 ml of vinegar. Further, a komatsuna cultivation test using the obtained vinegar solution was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2, and as a result, the water test plot (control example) was 79.
It increased by%. The results are shown in Table 3.

Example 5 Wood having a C / N of 450 as raw material organic matter and sludge having a C / N ratio of 6 were mixed at a weight ratio of 1: 1 (C / N of the mixture).
A ratio of 14.3) was prepared in 100 g, and carbonization was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain 32 ml of vinegar. Furthermore, a komatsuna cultivation test using the obtained vinegar solution was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2, and as a result, the water test plot (control example) increased by 64%. The results are shown in Table 3.

Example 6 A mixture of rice straw of C / N350 as a raw material organic material and fermentative cells of C / N ratio of 1: 1 by weight ratio (C of the mixture)
100 g of an A / N ratio of 16.5) was prepared and subjected to dry distillation in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain 38 ml of vinegar. Furthermore, a komatsuna cultivation test using the obtained vinegar solution was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2, and as a result, the water test plot (control example) was increased by 41%. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0032]

Since the present invention is configured as described above, it has the following effects. (1) Using various food meals and agricultural wastes as raw materials, adjusting the C / N ratio before dry distillation and performing dry distillation, or adjusting the vinegar solution obtained after dry distillation to a predetermined C / N ratio value. By mixing, a vinegar solution with a high plant growth promoting effect can be obtained. (2) Since the vinegar solution having a properly adjusted C / N ratio has a high plant growth promoting effect, it is possible to reduce pesticides and fertilizers. (3) Beer meal, beet meal, sugar cane cake meal (bagasse)
It is possible to effectively treat a large amount of food / agricultural waste that is discharged, and it is possible to recycle the waste.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of an apparatus for carrying out the method for producing an vinegar solution of the present invention and showing a carbonization test apparatus used in Examples and Comparative Examples.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a result of a cultivation test (after 30 days) of Komatsuna grown by irrigation with water only, which is a copy of a plan photograph.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a result of a cultivation test of Komatsuna (after 30 days) in which the vinegar solution obtained in Example 1 was grown by the method shown in Example 2, and is a copy of a plan photograph.
The original photographs of FIGS. 2 and 3 are on the same scale.

FIG. 4 is a gas chromatograph showing the analysis results of acetic acid obtained in Example 1 by gas chromatography.

[Explanation of Codes] 10 Dry distillation furnace 12 Lid 14 Heating body 16 Indirect cooler 20 Stirrer 24 Nitrogen gas supply pipe 26 Organic raw material 28 Receiving container 30 Dry distillation condensed aqueous solution (vinegar solution) 32 Oily liquid

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Masao Hayashiya, 1-1 Kawasaki-cho, Akashi-shi, Hyogo Prefecture Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd. Akashi factory (72) Inventor Masamoto, 1-1 Kawasaki-cho, Akashi-shi, Hyogo Kawasaki Heavy Industry Co., Ltd. Akashi Factory (72) Inventor Daisaku Sasaki 3-1-1 Higashikawasaki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe Kawasaki Heavy Industry Co., Ltd., Kobe Factory

Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. A vinegar solution characterized by cooling and condensing a gas obtained by dry distillation of a raw material organic material having a carbon / nitrogen ratio (weight ratio) adjusted to a range of 50 to 1. 2. A gas obtained by dry distillation of a raw material obtained by mixing an organic substance having a high carbon content and an organic substance having a high nitrogen content so that the carbon / nitrogen ratio (weight ratio) is in the range of 50 to 1 is cooled and condensed. Vinegar solution characterized by being made. 3. A vinegar solution obtained by cooling and condensing a gas obtained by dry distillation of an organic matter having a high carbon content, and a vinegar solution obtained by cooling condensation of a gas obtained by dry distillation of an organic matter having a high nitrogen content are mixed. A vinegar solution characterized by being formed. 4. The organic matter having a high carbon content is at least one selected from the group consisting of beer lees, beet lees, sugar cane lees, rice husks, rice straw and wood. Vinegar. 5. The organic matter having a high nitrogen content is at least one selected from the group consisting of whiskey distiller's meal, soybean oil squeezed meal, fermented bacteria, yeast, yeast extract, plant / animal protein, okara and sludge. 2. The method according to claim 2, wherein
Alternatively, the vinegar solution according to item 3. 6. The carbon / nitrogen ratio (weight ratio) contained in the raw material organic material is adjusted in advance so as to be in the range of 50 to 1, and then the organic material is subjected to dry distillation to obtain gas and carbide, and the gas is converted into A method for producing an vinegar solution, which comprises cooling to condense and liquefy a condensable gas in a gas. 7. A carbon / nitrogen ratio (weight ratio) of 50 to 1 is obtained by mixing an organic substance having a high carbon content and an organic substance having a high nitrogen content.
The raw material adjusted to the range of
A method for producing an vinegar solution, which comprises cooling the gas to condense and liquefy the condensable gas in the gas. 8. An organic matter having a high carbon content is dry-distilled to obtain a gas and a carbide, a condensable gas in the gas is condensed and liquefied to obtain an vinegar, while an organic matter having a high nitrogen content is dry-distilled. To obtain a gas and a carbide, cool the gas to condense and liquefy the condensable gas in the gas to obtain an vinegar solution, and mix both vinegar solutions. 9. The organic matter having a high carbon content is at least one selected from the group consisting of beer lees, beet lees, squeezed lees, rice husks, rice straw and wood. Method for producing vinegar solution of. 10. Organic matter having a high nitrogen content includes whiskey distiller's lees, soybean oil squeezed lees, fermented cells, yeast, yeast extract,
9. The method for producing a vinegar solution according to claim 7, which is at least one selected from the group consisting of plant / animal protein, okara, and sludge. 11. A plant growth promoter comprising the vinegar solution according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 as a main component.