JP2857641B2 - Vinegar liquid, its production method and plant growth promoter - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an vinegar solution (a dry-distilled condensed water-soluble solution) from organic matter such as waste from food factories and agricultural wastes, a method for producing the same, and a plant containing this vinegar solution as a main component It relates to a growth promoter.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, wastes, by-products, and wastes discharged from the food industry have a large amount of discharge and are liable to perish, and are simply discarded or incinerated. However, in recent years, as the morale of protecting the global environment has increased, there has been a shortage of final disposal sites and stricter regulations such as the ban on marine dumping.
On the other hand, most of agricultural wastes such as rice husks and rice straw have been discarded, incinerated or recycled into feed or fertilizer, but these methods have low added value of recycled materials, Recycling into high value-added products that are industrially advantageous has been expected.

[0003] Further, regarding the use of vinegar liquid as a by-product in the process of carbonizing wood, the use of vinegar liquid has been promoted in agriculture. The main component has been proposed. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 52-102165
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 55-9030 discloses a germination and rooting promoting agent for useful plants containing wood vinegar as an active ingredient. 1955-
Japanese Patent No. 87710 discloses an agent for preventing seedling deterioration of rice, which contains wood vinegar as an active ingredient.

However, the industrially effective use of wood vinegar has the following serious defects. First of all, wood vinegar obtained from wood has no direct plant growth promoting effect, and is mainly used by utilizing the bactericidal and insect repellent effects of wood vinegar, and secondly, in recent years While domestic production of charcoal is sluggish, the production of wood vinegar in Japan is declining, and carbonization itself is performed in very small units, resulting in inconsistent quality. Although it is often carried out, even though wood vinegar is a by-product, it has many drawbacks, such as a great deal of labor and a high fare just to collect it.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Food industry waste or agricultural waste that has been disposed of in large quantities has been incinerated and discarded without being recycled, and is actively recycled. It was not until now. In the agricultural field, many chemically synthesized pesticides and fertilizers have been introduced into farmland in large quantities, and environmental destruction has become a serious problem in recent years. Under such circumstances, the demand for natural pesticides, natural pesticides such as compost, and organic fertilizers has become extremely large. In recent years, the demand for commercially available wood vinegar has been increasing as a traditional natural pesticide and organic fertilizer, but wood vinegar is not produced by itself, but is a by-product of the charcoal production process. And was not industrially produced.

[0006] The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to promote the recycling of waste having a large amount of discharge as described above. Another object of the present invention is to provide an industrially inexpensive and large amount of vinegar having an unprecedented high plant growth promoting effect. And, by using the vinegar solution of the present invention as a plant growth promoter, inexpensive and safe crop production of pesticides and fertilizers can be achieved, particularly in the agricultural field.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a method for producing a raw material containing various organic substances,
/ N ratio (carbon / nitrogen ratio (weight ratio)) is adjusted, and the organic matter is directly heated and distilled (150-700 ° C) in the absence of oxygen.
It was found that the vinegar solution obtained by condensing the generated gas with a cooling pipe has a very strong plant growth promoting effect. The vinegar thus obtained is used particularly in the field of agriculture, and has been found to be effective in promoting the growth of crops and increasing the yield. Thus, the present invention has been completed.

In the method for producing vinegar liquid of the present invention, the carbon / nitrogen (weight ratio) contained in the raw material organic matter is adjusted in advance so as to be in the range of 50 to 1, and the organic matter is carbonized by gas distillation. And a carbide, and cooling the gas to condense and liquefy the condensable gas in the gas. Further, the production method of the present invention comprises mixing an organic substance having a high carbon content and an organic substance having a high nitrogen content to form a carbon / nitrification (weight ratio) of 50 to 1;
The raw material adjusted to the range described above is carbonized to obtain gas and carbide,
It is characterized in that the gas is cooled to condense and liquefy the condensable gas in the gas .

As the organic substance having a high carbon content, at least one selected from the group consisting of beer lees, beet lees, sugar cane lees (bagasse), rice husk, rice straw, and wood is used. In the present invention, "high in carbon content" means that carbon is contained in an amount of 5% by weight or more, preferably 7% by weight or more. As the organic substance having a high nitrogen content, at least one selected from the group consisting of whiskey distilled lees, soybean oil lees, fermented cells, yeast, yeast extract, plant / animal protein, okara, and sludge is used. In the present invention, "high in nitrogen content" means that nitrogen is 0.5% by weight.
As mentioned above, preferably, it is contained at 2% by weight or more.

In the present invention, the C / N ratio should be in the range of 50 to 1 as described above, but is preferably 25 to 2
Range. If it is smaller than this range, the pH of the vinegar solution obtained by carbonization increases, and the effect of inhibiting plant growth appears. On the other hand, when it is larger than this range, the vinegar solution obtained by carbonization has a low pH and is acidic, which has an effect of inhibiting plant growth. Further, the carbonization temperature is set to 15 as described above.
The temperature is from 0 to 700 ° C, preferably from 250 to 550 ° C.

The vinegar solution of the present invention has a carbon / nitrogen ratio (weight ratio).
Is adjusted to be in the range of 50 to 1, and a gas obtained by dry distillation of the raw material organic matter is cooled and condensed. The vinegar solution of the present invention is obtained by carbonizing a raw material obtained by mixing an organic substance having a high carbon content and an organic substance having a high nitrogen content so that the carbon / nitrogen ratio (weight ratio) is in the range of 50 to 1. It is obtained by cooling and condensing gas . In addition, the plant growth promoting agent of the present invention,
The vinegar liquid itself, or at least one of these vinegar liquids as a main component.

Hereinafter, a method for specifically producing the vinegar solution and the plant growth promoter of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
First, the C / N ratio of various organic substances as raw materials is analyzed, and two or more kinds of the organic substances are mixed to prepare raw materials so as to have an appropriate C / N. When the C / N ratio of the organic substance falls within a predetermined range, that is, in the range of 50 to 1, the raw material is used as it is. In this case, the organic substance used is C / N
Any organic substance may be used as long as the ratio falls within an appropriate range. For example, a mixture of beer cake and yeast mud can be used. The water content of the organic substance to be used is not particularly limited as long as an appropriate C / N is maintained.
However, naturally, the more the initial moisture is, the more the active ingredient concentration of the finally obtained vinegar is diluted,
When a predetermined concentration of the active ingredient is required, it is necessary to dry the raw material in advance to adjust the water content.

Next, the process proceeds to a step of directly heating and dry-distilling (150 to 700 ° C.) the starting organic substance in the absence of oxygen. First, the raw material organic matter 26 is charged into the dry distillation furnace 10 prepared in advance, and the lid 12 is closed and sealed. Then, heating of the furnace is started by the heating element 14, and the entire furnace is heated at a predetermined temperature. After the raw materials are charged and the switch of the heating element 14 is turned on, the stirrer 20 is started. The stirring speed at this time may be any speed as long as the raw materials can be uniformly mixed, but is usually preferably 50 rpm or less.

The heating temperature is detected by a temperature measuring element T3 disposed on the side of the dry distillation furnace, and this signal is connected to a control device (not shown) of the heater 10 to control the heating temperature to a predetermined heating temperature. I do. If the temperature measuring element T1 is installed and controlled in the center of the stirred organic substance 26 and in the head space inside the furnace so that overheating or insufficient heating does not occur, more accurate and reliable temperature control can be achieved. It becomes possible. As the temperature for carbonization, any temperature may be selected as long as it is within the range of 150 to 700 ° C. In particular, it is desirable to perform the dry distillation operation by selecting a temperature in the range of 250 to 550 ° C. where the yield of the dry distillation condensed water-soluble liquid (vinegar liquid) and the oily liquid is high, and controlling the temperature to be constant.

Next, the dry distillation gas distilled out by heating is cooled using the indirect cooling pipe 16 and captured as a condensate.
The vinegar and oily parts, which are water-soluble parts, are collected. At this time,
The cooling temperature may be at least the coagulation temperature of the oily liquid thus obtained and at most the condensation temperature.
In particular, in the range of 30 to 60 ° C, the viscosity of the condensed liquid is low, and the yields of vinegar and oily liquids are high.

Next, the heating method of the carbonization furnace 10 is preferably to raise the carbonization temperature quickly to a predetermined carbonization temperature. However, if the time to reach the predetermined temperature is kept constant, vinegar of constant quality is obtained. A liquid can be obtained. The time for maintaining the dry distillation temperature after reaching the predetermined temperature may be determined while observing the distilling state of the vinegar liquid 30 and the oily liquid 32, and is not particularly limited.
Normally, the point at which distillation of the vinegar and oily liquids ends is regarded as the end of the present distillation operation. However, if the desired amount can be secured, the distillation may be stopped halfway. Next, the charcoal remaining after the carbonization in this way is recovered. The vinegar liquid thus obtained can be used as it is, and the charcoal, charcoal,
Activated carbon, mineral by-products such as vermiculite and the like may be used by impregnating them. 18 is a stirring motor, 22 is a heater, 24 is a nitrogen gas supply pipe, 28 is a receiving container, T
2, T4 is a temperature measuring element (temperature sensor).

[0017]

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples, and can be implemented with appropriate modifications. Example 1 The apparatus shown in FIG. 1 was used as a carbonization test apparatus in this example. First, as raw material organic matter, a mixture of dried beer meal having a C / N ratio of 13 and yeast extract having a C / N ratio of 5 at a weight ratio of 1: 1 (C / N ratio of the mixture was 8) was 10%.
0 g was prepared, and this was put into the carbonization furnace 10, and the furnace top lid 12 was prepared.
Then, the rubbed portion was tightened at three places with a clamp, and sealed. Next, nitrogen gas was flowed into the furnace at a flow rate of 1 liter / minute for 10 minutes, and air remaining in the furnace was replaced with nitrogen gas. Then, tap water was started to flow through the indirect cooling pipe 16, and the upper lid was replaced with the ribbon heater 22. Heated. The entire top lid is 15
When the temperature reached 0 ° C., the stirrer 20 was started at a rotation speed of 10 rpm, and at the same time, the heating of the furnace was started by turning on the mantle heater 14 for heating the carbonization furnace. The heating is controlled by detecting the temperature with a thermocouple type temperature sensor (thermometer) T3 installed between the mantle heater 14 and the furnace, and transmitting the signal to a control device (not shown) installed in the mantle heater 14. Give feedback and preset 350
℃ controlled. The temperature of the raw material organic substance in the furnace reached 350 ° C. in about 30 minutes after the start of heating. Distillation of the dry-distilled condensed water-soluble liquid (vinegar liquid) started 10 minutes after the start of heating, and was stopped 60 minutes later. On the other hand, the distillation of the oily liquid started 20 minutes after the heating, and the distillation was completed 60 minutes after the heating as in the case of the water-soluble liquid. The amount and analytical values of the vinegar solution thus obtained were as shown in Table 1.

[0018]

[Table 1]

Comparative Example 1 Dried beer cake having a C / N ratio of 13 was used as a raw material organic material.
0 g was prepared and the same test as in Example 1 was performed. The results were as shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 2 100 g of yeast extract having a C / N ratio of 5 was used as a raw material organic substance.
Prepared and performed the same test as in Example 1. The results were as shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 3 As a raw material organic substance, 100 g of wood having a C / N ratio of 500 was prepared, and the same test as in Example 1 was performed. The results were as shown in Table 1.

Example 2 Next, Komatsuna cultivation tests using various vinegar solutions shown in Table 1 were conducted. Twelve No. 5 pots (upper inner diameter: 13 cm, lower inner diameter: 8 cm, depth: 11 cm) were prepared, and filled with soil mixed at a ratio of red clay 7: compost 3 to obtain soil for a growth test. Next, 10 ml of each vinegar solution obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 was collected, 10 liters of water was added thereto, and about 500 ml of a 1000-fold diluted solution of each vinegar solution was poured, Sowing 20 seeds of Komatsuna seeds, temperature 15-30
Cultivated in a greenhouse controlled at ℃. 100 of each vinegar
Approximately 100 ml of a 0-fold dilution was applied to each pot with a water sprinkler per day to continue watering, and cultivated for 30 days for observation. At this time,
For comparison, a cultivation test in a test section using only water without vinegar was also performed under the same conditions.

Table 2 shows the results of the analysis of leaf weight on the aerial part 30 days after cultivation. As is evident from Table 2, the dry distilled vinegar solution of the raw material obtained by mixing the beer lees and the yeast extract at a ratio of 1: 1 has the best growth as compared with the water-only test plot, and the growth is about 130% of that of the water test plot. . The single dry distillation vinegar test categories of beer lees and yeast extract each showed some growth promoting action. In addition, 230% in Example 1 is 7.4 / 3.2.
× 100.

[0024]

[Table 2]

FIGS. 2 and 3 show an example in which the leaves obtained after 30 days of the Japanese mustard spinach in Example 2 were cut from the root and arranged. FIG. 2 shows the result of growing by irrigating only with water, and FIG. 3 shows the result of growing the vinegar obtained in Example 1 by the method shown in Example 2.

FIG. 4 shows the results of analysis of the vinegar solution obtained in Example 1 by gas chromatography. The gas chromatography analysis conditions used at this time are as follows. The numbers in FIG. 4 are the times when the substances shown in FIG. 4 are detected (the time from injection into the gas chromatography to detection). Usually, this is called retention time and is independent of the amount of material. Gas chromatograph: GC-17A manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation Detector: FID Column used: Capillary column CBJWAX-025-30 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation Column temperature: 50 to 230 ° C (temperature rising 3 ° C / min)
) Hold at 230 ° C for 30 minutes Carrier gas: Helium (0.7 kgf / cm ² )

Example 3 Next, bagasse of C / N157 and C / N
100 g of a mixture of soybean squeezed lees at a ratio of 1: 1 by weight (C / N ratio of the mixture is 11.3) was prepared and subjected to dry distillation in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain 41 ml of vinegar solution. Obtained. Further, a komatsuna cultivation test using the obtained vinegar solution was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2, and as a result, the water test plot (control example) showed 27
% Increased. Table 3 shows the results.

[0028]

[Table 3]

Example 4 Beet lees of C / N 210 and C / N ratio of 8 as raw material organic matter
100 g of a mixture of whiskey distilled lees (1: 1) by weight (C / N ratio of the mixture is 15.5) was prepared and subjected to dry distillation in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain 49 ml of vinegar. Further, a komatsuna cultivation test using the obtained vinegar solution was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2, and as a result, 79 g of the water test plot (control example) was obtained.
% Increased. Table 3 shows the results.

Example 5 C / N 450 wood and sludge having a C / N ratio of 6 were mixed at a weight ratio of 1: 1 (C / N of the mixture) as the raw material organic matter.
100 g of 14.3) was prepared and subjected to dry distillation in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain 32 ml of vinegar. Further, a komatsuna cultivation test using the obtained vinegar solution was performed in the same manner as in Example 2, and as a result, the water test plot (control example) increased by 64%. Table 3 shows the results.

Example 6 A mixture of rice straw having a C / N ratio of 350 and fermentation cells having a C / N ratio of 1: 1 as a raw material organic substance (C in the mixture)
100 g of a 16.5) / N ratio was prepared and subjected to dry distillation in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain 38 ml of a vinegar solution. Further, a komatsuna cultivation test using the obtained vinegar solution was performed in the same manner as in Example 2, and as a result, the water test plot (control example) increased by 41%. Table 3 shows the results.

[0032]

As described above, the present invention has the following effects. (1) Using various food lees and agricultural waste as raw materials, the C / N ratio is adjusted before carbonization and carbonized, or the vinegar obtained after carbonization is adjusted to a predetermined C / N ratio. By mixing, a vinegar solution having a high plant growth promoting effect can be obtained. (2) Since the vinegar solution having an appropriately adjusted C / N ratio has a high plant growth promoting effect, it can be used to reduce pesticides and fertilizers. (3) Beer lees, beet lees, sugar cane lees (bagasse)
It is possible to effectively treat food and agricultural waste discharged in a large amount, and to recycle the waste.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of an apparatus for performing the vinegar production method of the present invention, and showing a carbonization test apparatus used in Examples and Comparative Examples.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a cultivation test result (after 30 days) of Komatsuna grown by irrigating only with water, and is a plan photograph.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a cultivation test result (after 30 days) of Komatsuna grown from the vinegar liquid obtained in Example 1 by the method shown in Example 2, and is a plan photograph.
2 and 3 are the same scale.

FIG. 4 is a gas chromatography chart showing the results of analysis of acetic acid obtained in Example 1 by gas chromatography.

[Description of Signs] 10 Dry distillation furnace 12 Lid 14 Heating body 16 Indirect cooler 20 Stirrer 24 Nitrogen gas supply pipe 26 Organic material 28 Receiving container 30 Dry distillation condensed aqueous solution (vinegar solution) 32 Oily liquid

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) The inventor, Manabu Masamoto 1-1, Kawasaki-cho, Akashi-shi, Hyogo Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. Akashi Plant No. 1 Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. Kobe Plant (56) References JP-A-6-105617 (JP, A) JP-A-6-40832 (JP, A) JP-A-5-58767 (JP, A) JP JP-A-5-294772 (JP, A) JP-A-5-811 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) C10C 5/00 A01N 65/00

Claims (9)

(57) [Claims] 1. A vinegar solution obtained by cooling and condensing a gas obtained by dry-distilling an organic material having a carbon / nitrogen ratio (weight ratio) within a range of 50 to 1. 2. A gas obtained by carbonizing a raw material obtained by mixing an organic substance having a high carbon content and an organic substance having a high nitrogen content so that the carbon / nitrogen ratio (weight ratio) is in the range of 50 to 1. Vinegar liquid characterized by being made to let . 3. The vinegar according to claim 2 , wherein the organic matter having a high carbon content is at least one selected from the group consisting of beer lees, beet lees, sugar cane lees, rice husk, rice straw, and wood. liquid. 4. The organic matter having a high nitrogen content is at least one selected from the group consisting of whiskey distilled lees, soybean squeezed lees, fermented cells, yeast, yeast extract, plant / animal proteins, okara, and sludge. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein
Vinegar liquid as described. 5. A carbon / nitrogen ratio (weight ratio) contained in a raw material organic material is adjusted in advance so as to be in a range of 50 to 1, and then the organic material is carbonized to obtain a gas and a carbide. A method for producing vinegar, comprising cooling and condensing and liquefying a condensable gas in the gas. 6. An organic substance having a high carbon content and an organic substance having a high nitrogen content are mixed to form a carbon / nitrogen ratio (weight ratio) of 50-1.
The raw material adjusted to the range described above is carbonized to obtain gas and carbide,
A method for producing vinegar, comprising cooling a gas to condense and liquefy a condensable gas in the gas . 7. The vinegar according to claim 6 , wherein the organic matter having a high carbon content is at least one selected from the group consisting of beer lees, beet lees, sugar cane lees, rice hulls, rice straw, and wood. Liquid production method. 8. The organic matter having a high nitrogen content is at least one selected from the group consisting of whiskey distilled lees, soybean oil lees, fermented cells, yeast, yeast extract, plant / animal proteins, okara, and sludge. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein
A method for producing the vinegar liquid according to the above. 9. A plant growth promoter comprising the vinegar solution according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4 as a main component.