JPH07177830A - Method for hydroponic culture - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a method for hydroponic culture, capable of greatly promoting growth of a plant. CONSTITUTION:This method for hydroponic culture comprises a process for preparing a bed 12, a process for detachably equipping the bed 12 with setting panels 36 in which plants P are set, a process for storing a culture solution L containing microorganisms such as rooting zone microorganisms activating for growth of the plant P and organic substance-decomposing microorganisms in the bed 12, a processed for feeding a microorganism retainer such as vegetable powdered carbon and clay minerals, a process for making the culture solution L choppy, suspending the microorganism retainer in the culture L and periodically exposing the roots of the plants P from the culture solution L to air and a process for supplying a natural organic substance such as animal- or vegetable-source fertilizer to the culture solution L in the bed 12 and abundantly provides the roots of the plants P and the microorganisms in the culture solution L with oxygen to activate their actions.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

This invention relates to a hydroponic cultivation method,
Especially, for example, leaf vegetables such as leeks, shungiku, komatsuna, trefoil, salad vegetables, root vegetables such as Japanese radish, carrots, burdock roots, eggplant, cucumber, squirrel, tomato, strawberry,
The present invention relates to a hydroponic cultivation method for cultivating fruits and vegetables such as melons, and plants such as flowers such as carnations, chrysanthemums and tulips.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventional hydroponic cultivation methods include, for example, a circulation pump method. In the hydroponics method using the circulation pump method, the water used for guiding from a water source is stored in a tank, and fertilizer salts and the like are dissolved in the water to prepare a culture solution. The adjusted culture solution is sucked up by a pump,
The culture solution is fed into the bed through the pipe tube. In this case, a certain amount of the culture solution overflows from the drain port and is naturally dropped through the drain pipe to be drained into the tank. In this hydroponic cultivation method, in order to supply oxygen to the circulation path of the culture solution, various aeration methods such as an aerator, a sprayer, and a free fall method are provided.

[0003]

However, in the conventional hydroponic cultivation method, various complicated equipments are required for dissolving oxygen in the air in the culture solution, so that the equipment cost and its running cost are high. I was following. Moreover, in the aeration system using such a device, oxygen in the air was difficult to dissolve in the culture solution. That is, since the amount of dissolved oxygen in the culture solution is small, it becomes difficult to supply abundant oxygen to the microorganisms that are useful for the growth of plants present in the culture solution, and further, it is sufficient for the roots of the plant. Could not supply oxygen. Therefore, the conventional hydroponic cultivation method could not be expected to significantly promote the growth of plants.

Therefore, a main object of the present invention is to provide a hydroponic cultivation method capable of greatly promoting the growth of plants.

[0005]

The present invention relates to a step of preparing a bed, a step of detachably installing a planting panel on which a plant is planted, and a microorganism which is useful for growing a plant in the bed. A step of storing a culture solution containing, a step of putting a microbial carrier serving as a habitat of the microorganism in the culture solution in the bed, and rippling the culture solution to suspend the microbial carrier in the culture solution, A hydroponic cultivation method comprising a step of periodically exposing a root of a plant from a culture solution to the air, and a step of adding a natural organic substance to the culture solution in a bed.

[0006]

The microbial carrier put in the culture solution is suspended in the culture solution by making the culture solution ripple. The microbial carrier adsorbs microorganisms in the culture solution useful for growing plants, and thus forms a habitat for the microorganisms. The microorganisms retained by the microorganism carrier are decomposed by using the natural organic matter contained in the culture solution as a bait, and the organic matter is mineralized.

In addition, by making the culture solution ripple,
Oxygen in the air dissolves in the culture solution, the dissolved oxygen content of the culture solution increases and the culture solution becomes aerobic, and the roots of the plants planted in the planting panel periodically change from the culture solution to the air. Being exposed, the roots of the plant are supplied with abundant oxygen from the culture medium and from the air. Therefore, the microorganisms in the culture solution and the microorganisms symbiotic with the roots of the plant are activated,
Mineralization of natural organic substances in the culture solution becomes active. Inorganic substances obtained by this decomposition treatment of microorganisms are ingested from the roots as nutrients for plants.

[0008]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, a microorganism carrier that is placed in a culture medium forms an optimum environment for the growth of microorganisms in the culture medium, and is useful for the growth of plant roots and plants. Since abundant oxygen can be supplied to the plants, their activities are activated and the growth of plants can be further promoted. The natural organic matter contained in the culture solution can be mineralized by the decomposition treatment of microorganisms and can form compost that is a fertilizer for plants, that is, nutrients.

Moreover, according to the present invention, since the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the culture solution can be increased by making the culture solution ripple, a microorganism that decomposes / mineralizes the organic matter as a pollution source in the culture solution. Since the activity of the culture medium is activated, the frequency of exchanging the culture solution can be extremely reduced. Also,
Since the roots of the plant immersed in the culture solution can be shaken by making the culture solution ripple, the carbon assimilation action of the plant is also promoted.

Further, according to the present invention, as compared with the conventional hydroponic cultivation method, a large tank for storing the culture solution, a large and high-power pump for circulating the culture solution, and oxygen in the culture solution are provided. No complicated equipment such as an aerator or atomizer for supply, and equipment such as an exchange tank are required. Therefore, in the hydroponic cultivation method according to the present invention, the equipment cost and the running cost are lower than those in the conventional hydroponic cultivation method.

The above-mentioned objects, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the embodiments with reference to the drawings.

[0012]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 is a schematic front view solution diagram showing an example of a hydroponic cultivation apparatus for carrying out the present invention, FIG. 2 is a main part perspective view thereof, and FIG. 3 is a main part side view solution view thereof. Yes, Figure 4
Is a plan view of a relevant part. In this example, first,
An example of a hydroponic cultivation apparatus used for carrying out the hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention will be described.

The hydroponic cultivation device 10 includes a flat rectangular box-shaped bed 12 having an open upper end. Bed 12
Is a cultivation tank 14 in which plants are mainly cultivated, and a bed 1
2 is formed at one end in the longitudinal direction, and is composed of a tide tank 16 that communicates with the cultivation tank 14. The tidal tank 16 works in cooperation with a tidal wave generator 50, which will be described later, to vertically shift the water level of the culture solution in the bed 12 or to make the culture solution in the bed 12 ripple.

The cultivation tank 14 includes a first bottom member 18, which is, for example, rectangular. A first front member 20 and a first back member 22 are formed at one end and the other end of the first bottom member 18 in the width direction, respectively. The first front surface member 20 and the first rear surface member 22 are formed in a rectangular shape and have the same size, and are formed so as to extend upward at right angles from one end and the other end in the width direction of the first bottom surface member 18, respectively. It Also, the first
A rectangular first side surface member 24 is formed by vertically extending upward from one end in the longitudinal direction of the bottom surface member 18. The length of the first side surface member 24 in the height direction is formed to be the same as that of the first front surface member 20 and the first back surface member 22.

Further, for example, a rectangular partition member 26 is formed extending downward from the other end of the first bottom member 18 in the longitudinal direction at a right angle. At the lower end of this partition member 26,
A rectangular second bottom surface member 28 is formed, extending from the lower end thereof at a right angle in the direction opposite to that of the first bottom surface member 18. A rectangular second front surface member 30 and a second rear surface member 32 are formed at one end and the other end of the second bottom surface member 28 in the longitudinal direction, respectively. The second front surface member 30 and the second back surface member 32 are formed to have the same size, and are formed to extend upward at right angles from one end and the other end in the longitudinal direction of the second bottom surface member 28. In this case, the upper end surface of the second front member 30 and the upper end surface of the first front member 20 have the same height, and the upper end surface of the second back member 32 and the upper end surface of the first back member 22 are the same. Are placed so that they are at the same height.

A second side surface member 34 is formed between the second front surface member 30 and the second rear surface member 32 and extends upward from the widthwise end of the second bottom surface member 28. To be done.
The length of the second side surface member 34 in the height direction is the same as that of the second front surface member 30 and the second back surface member 32, and the length of the second side surface member 34 in the longitudinal direction is Second
The bottom member 28 has the same shape as that of the bottom member 28.

These first bottom surface member 18, first front surface member 20, first back surface member 22, first side surface member 24,
Partition member 26 Second bottom member 28, second front member 3
0, the second back surface member 32 and the second side surface member 34,
For example, it is formed of a synthetic resin material and is integrally formed by a method such as injection molding. In this way
The bed 12 is formed. The bed 12 may be formed by connecting the respective members with, for example, an adhesive, bolts and nuts, and other fixing means. Further, the material of each of these members is not limited to the synthetic resin material, for example, foamed material, metal material such as aluminum alloy or stainless steel, or wood material subjected to waterproof treatment. You may form with.

The bed 12 is appropriately supported by a pedestal (not shown) formed by assembling a plurality of square pipes made of, for example, a metal material with a connecting fitting or the like. In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, the two beds 12, 12 are arranged in parallel in two rows at intervals in the width direction, for example. In addition, bed 12
In addition to being supported by a pedestal,
2 dig a hole having a depth corresponding to the height of the 16 ebb and flow tanks into the ground, fit the ebb and flow tanks 16 into the holes, and
The bed 12 may be installed by placing the part on the ground.

Further, a plurality of, for example, rectangular planting panels 36 are attached to the upper portion of the bed 12. The planting panel 36 is formed of, for example, a synthetic resin material such as Styrofoam. The planting panel 36 is formed with a plurality of, for example, circular holes 38 at appropriate intervals.

As shown in FIG. 5A, the planting panel 36 is detachably provided on the bed 12 by a planting panel mounting member 40. Fixed panel mounting member 40
Includes a fitting piece 42 having a substantially U-shaped cross section, for example, and a rectangular receiving piece 44 is formed at one end of the fitting piece 42. The receiving piece 44 is formed to extend at a right angle from one end of the fitting piece 42. The fitting piece 42 and the receiving piece 44 are integrally formed of, for example, a synthetic resin material. When the planting panel 36 is attached to the upper part of the bed 12, for example, four planting panel attachment members 40 are fitted to both ends of the bed 12 in the width direction. Then, the planting panel 36 is placed on the receiving piece 44 of the planting panel mounting member 40, and the planting panel 36 is detachably attached to the upper part of the bed 12. The planting panel attachment member 40 may be formed integrally with the planting panel 36 as shown in FIG. 5 (B). In this case, the fitting pieces 42 of the planting panel attachment member 40 are integrally attached to one end and the other end of the planting panel 36 in the longitudinal direction.

Each of the holes 38 of the planting panel 36 has, for example, a cubic urethane block 4 for planting.
6 is fitted. In the urethane block 46 for planting,
The plant P is planted. In this example, the seedlings of the plant P, which are seeded after seedling development, are planted. In addition, in these urethane blocks 46 for planting,
In each case, the seeds of the plant P may be directly seeded. In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 used in this embodiment, as the plant P, for example, leaf vegetables such as leeks, chrysanthemum, komatsuna, trefoil, and salad vegetables, root vegetables such as Japanese radish, carrots, burdock root, eggplant, cucumber, makuwari, Vegetables such as tomatoes, strawberries and melons, and plants such as carnations, chrysanthemums and tulips are cultivated.

Further, in this hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10, in order to cause the culture liquid to be tide and wavy in the bed 12, the water level of the culture liquid L stored in the bed 12 is periodically displaced up and down. As a displacement means for making the culture solution wavy by hitting or hitting the surface of the culture solution,
A tidal wave generator 50 is provided. The tidal wave generator 50 is provided on one end side of the bed 12 in the longitudinal direction. The tidal wave generator 50 includes, for example, a rectangular support base 52. Support 52
Is provided on one end side in the longitudinal direction of the bed 12 when viewed from the plane of the bed 12, as shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4. The support base 52 is provided between the two beds 12, 12.
A support member 54 having a rectangular frame shape is provided on the upper surface of the support base 50. Rectangular support plates 56 and 58 are fixed to the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the support body 54, respectively.

The support 54 includes support plates 56 and 58.
A rotary shaft 60 is formed between the two. The axially intermediate portion of the rotary shaft 60 has, for example, a male screw portion 6 in its circumferential direction.
2 is formed. The rotary shaft 60 has one end in the axial direction rotatably supported by a bearing 64 at the center of the support plate 56, and the other end in the axial direction rotatably supported by a bearing 66 at the center of the support plate 58. To be done. Also, the support plate 5
Between 6 and 58, there are four guide rods 68a, 68 of cylindrical shape, for example, with a space around the rotation axis 60.
b, 68c and 68d are formed. The four guide rods 68a to 68d are respectively supported by the support plates 56 and 58 by the flange 70 at one end and the other end in the axial direction thereof.

Further, the rotating shaft 60 has
An elevating plate 72 that vertically displaces in the axial direction is provided. That is, a socket member 74 having a T-shaped cross section having an internal thread portion 75 that is screwed into the external thread portion 62 of the rotary shaft 60 is attached to the axially intermediate portion of the rotary shaft 60. A rectangular lift plate 72 made of, for example, synthetic resin is fixed to the socket member 74. In this case, for example, circular holes (not shown) are formed at the center and the four corners of the elevating plate 72, respectively. The rotary shaft 60 is inserted into a central hole of the elevating plate 72. The elevating plate 72 is fixed to the socket member 74 by fixing the peripheral portion of the central hole of the elevating plate 72 to the flange portion 76 of the socket member 74 by fixing means such as bolts and nuts. Further, the guide rods 68a to 68d are respectively inserted through the holes at the four corners of the elevating plate 72 so as to be vertically displaceable. In this case, for example, cylindrical guide posts 78a, 78b, 78c and 7 are provided below the holes at the four corners of the elevating plate 72, respectively.
8d is attached. Four guide posts 78a-78d
The upper end surfaces thereof are fixed to the elevating plate 72 by fixing means such as bolts and nuts.

Further, for example, four arm members 80a, 80b, 80c and 80d are formed on the elevating plate 72 so as to project from both ends in the width direction toward the bed 12 side. These arm members 80a-80
Each d is formed in a rod shape with a rectangular cross section, for example. In this case, the two arm members 80a and 80b
Are formed in parallel with each other at intervals so that one end in the axial direction thereof projects from one end side in the width direction of the elevating plate 72 to the upper side of the one bed 12. Similarly, one axial end of each of the other two arm members 80c and 80d is provided so as to project above the other bed 12 from the other widthwise end of the elevating plate 72. The other ends of the arm members 80 in the axial direction are fixed to the outer peripheral surfaces of the guide posts 78a to 78d.

Below the arm members 80a and 80b, a rectangular parallelepiped wave-making body 84 made of, for example, a synthetic resin material is provided as a three-dimensional object. In this case, between the arm members 80a and 80b, and between the arm members 80c
Between 80 and 80d, for example, rectangular rod-shaped attachment members 82, 82 are provided so as to be spaced apart from each other. Under these mounting members 82, the tidal wave body 84
Are attached by fixing means 83 such as bolts and nuts.

On the other hand, a pulley 86 is attached to the lower side of the rotary shaft 60 in the axial direction. Further, a motor 88 as a driving means for rotatably driving the rotary shaft 60 is attached to the side surface of the support base 52. Another pulley 90 is attached to the drive shaft 89 of the motor 88. An endless annular belt 92 is provided between the two pulleys 86 and 90, for example. Therefore, when the motor 88 is driven and rotated, the rotational force is transmitted to the rotary shaft 60 via the pulley 90, the belt 92 and the pulley 86. When the rotating shaft 60 rotates, the socket member 74 screwed onto the rotating shaft 60 is displaced in the axial direction of the rotating shaft 60. In this embodiment, if the motor 88 is normally rotated, the socket member 7
4 is lowered along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 60, and when the motor 88 is rotated in the reverse direction, the socket member 74 is set up along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 60. At this time, as the socket member 74 moves up and down, the arm members 80a-80d also move up and down in the axial direction of the rotary shaft 60, and the two tidal wave-making bodies 84, 84 rise or fall in response to the movement. .

Further, in the vicinity of the elevating plate 72, as a sensor for detecting the rising position and the descending position of the elevating plate 72 with respect to the rotating shaft 60, for example, in order to control the amount of vertical movement of the tidal wave generator 84, Limit switches 96a, 96b, 96c are attached. in this case,
In the vicinity of the support 54, for example, a cylindrical holding member 94.
Is provided, and the three limit switches 96a to 96c are mounted at predetermined intervals in the axial direction of the holding member 94. These limit switches 96a to 96c
Are arranged on a moving path in which the elevating plate 72 moves up and down. That is, when the elevating plate 72 moves up and down along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 60, the limit switch 96a,
Actuating pieces 98a, 98b and 98 of 96b and 96c
c is pressed by the elevating plate 72, and those contacts (not shown) are opened and closed.

Motor 88 and limit switch 96a
.. to 96c include a control unit 1 for controlling those movements.
00 is electrically connected. The control unit 100 is for periodically operating the tidal wave body 84, and receives electric signals from the limit switches 96a to 96c,
The motor 88 is for starting or stopping the motor 88 and rotating it forward or backward as appropriate.

Limit switches 96a, 96b and 9
It is possible to detect the ascending position and descending position of the tidal wave body 84 at 6c and control the amount of vertical displacement thereof.
In this embodiment, the stroke length of the elevating plate 72 is restricted by the limit switches 96a and 96c, for example. That is, in the elevating plate 72, when the operating piece 98a of the limit switch 96a is pressed, the tidal wave-making body 84 stops at the upper limit, and after a predetermined time has elapsed, the elevating plate 72 descends again. Then, when the elevating plate 72 presses the operating piece 98c of the limit switch 96c, the wave-making wave body 84 stops at the lower limit. further,
After a predetermined time has elapsed, the lifting plate 72 is again
The limit switch 96a is raised to a position where the operating piece 98a is pressed. In this case, the stroke length between the upper limit and the lower limit of the tidal wave generator 84 is equal to the stroke length of the elevating plate 72. That is, the tidal wave body 84 is moved up and down with the same stroke as the length between the limit switches 96a and 96c, and is put into and taken out of the tidal tank 16 at a predetermined cycle.

In this hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10, the tidal wave body 8
By adjusting the amount of vertical displacement of 4, the water level of the culture solution stored in the bed 12 can be adjusted as appropriate. Therefore, the water level of the culture solution in the bed 12 is vertically displaced to adjust the inside of the bed 12. Can cause the tidal phenomenon. Therefore, in this hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10, the bed 12
It is possible to raise or lower the water level of the culture solution in the bed 12 according to the type of plant cultivated in. In addition, in this hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10, even if the vertical displacement of the tidal wave body 84 is the same, the volume of the tidal wave body 84 is increased, and the depth of the tidal tank 16 is deepened accordingly. By doing so, the water level of the culture solution in the bed 12 can be raised. Further, by reducing the amount of vertical movement of the tidal wave body 84, the tidal wave body 84 periodically strikes the liquid surface of the culture solution to cause the culture solution to rise and generate a waviness phenomenon. You can

Next, the operating state of the tidal wave generator 50 of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 will be described. This hydroponics device 1
At 0, the tidal wave body 84 is previously arranged at a predetermined position in the tidal tank 16 of each bed 12. In this case, the tidal wave body 84 is arranged so that the root of the plant P supported by the planting panel 36 is immersed in the culture solution when the tidal wave body 84 is inserted into the lower part of the tidal tank 16. The water level of the culture solution at this time becomes the initial set water level. In this embodiment, the lifting plate 72 is the operating piece 98 of the limit switch 96c.
The tidal wave body 84 is arranged at a position where c is pressed.

By driving the motor 88, which is the driving means, the pulley 90 attached to the drive shaft 89 of the motor 88 rotates. If the pulley 90 rotates,
Pulley 8 mounted on rotating shaft 60 via belt 92
6 rotates. The pulley 86 rotates and the rotary shaft 6 rotates.
0 rotates, and the socket member 74 screwed into the male screw portion 62 of the rotating shaft 60 is displaced vertically along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 60. At this time, the elevating plate 72, together with the guide posts 78a to 78d, guide rods 68a to 68d.
It is vertically displaced along the axial direction of 8d. Further, if the lifting plate 72 is displaced vertically, the arm members 80a-8a
0d is also vertically displaced along the axial direction of the rotary shaft 60, and the two tidal wave-making bodies 84, 84 move vertically in response to the movement. In this case, if the vertical displacement of the two tidal wave bodies 84, 84 is reduced, the tidal wave bodies 84, 84 will hit the liquid surface of the culture solution, and the culture solution in the bed 12 will wave. Rippling occurs when standing. In addition, tidal wave body 84,
If the displacement amount of the vertical movement of 84 is increased, the water level of the culture solution in the bed 12 is displaced vertically,
Tidal phenomenon occurs inside.

Next, an example of a method for cultivating a plant using the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 will be described. First, the culture solution L is stored in the bed 12 of the hydroponic cultivation device 10.
As the culture solution L, for example, a nutrient solution obtained by dissolving a fertilizer salt or the like that is a nutrient for the plant P in water can decompose organic matter as a microorganism having a useful activity for growing a plant.
For example, a mixture of organic matter degrading microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria and yeast is used. The organic substance-degrading microorganisms also include heterotrophic microorganisms.

Next, on the upper part of the bed 12, root vegetables such as Japanese radish, carrot, burdock, or eggplant,
A plurality of planting panels 36 in which seeds of fruits and vegetables such as cucumber, makuwauri, melon, and tomato are planted after seeding.
Can be detachably attached. In this embodiment, bed 1
The water level of the culture solution L is initially set so that the root of the plant P is immersed in the culture solution L when the tidal wave body 84 is inserted into the second ebb and flow tank 16.

Further, in the culture solution in the bed 12, for example, plant pulverized coal or plant granular coal, and powdery or granular clay mineral are mixed as a microbial carrier serving as a residence for these organic matter decomposing microorganisms. To be done. In this case, the plant pulverized coal or granular coal and the powder or granular clay mineral have a powder diameter or particle diameter of the planting urethane block 46.
The size is such that it does not clog the fine bubbles, that is, the diameter is larger than the diameter of the fine bubbles. The microorganism holder is put into the culture solution L in the bed 12 by, for example, manual work of a human. It should be noted that the microorganism carrier to be mixed in the culture solution may be either one of vegetable pulverized coal and clay mineral. In addition to plant pulverized coal or granular coal and powdered or granular clay mineral, for example, natural stone or ceramics in powdered or granular form may be mixed in the culture solution. Further, any two or more of vegetable pulverized coal, clay mineral, natural stone, and ceramic may be combined and mixed in the culture solution. The plant charcoal includes charcoal of flowering plants such as seaweed.

In the culture solution in the bed 12, natural organic matter, for example, animal manure or plant fertilizer such as pile manure, horse manure, green manure, livestock manure, fish manure, wood ash, bone meal and the like is added. In this embodiment, in particular, for example, poultry manure, cow manure or plants such as weeds belonging to the same family as plants cultivated by the hydroponic cultivation apparatus are put into the culture solution L in the bed 12 by, for example, human manual work. To be done.

On the other hand, in this hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10, the tidal wave generator 50 is operated to vertically move the tidal wave generator 84 with a long stroke in a predetermined cycle, and the culture solution L in the bed 12 is moved.
Bed 1 by raising or lowering the water level in
A tide phenomenon occurs in the culture solution in 2.

Furthermore, in this hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10, the tidal wave generator 84 is operated at a predetermined cycle by operating the tidal wave generator 50.
Is moved up and down with a short stroke, and the liquid surface of the culture solution L in the bed 12 is tapped, whereby the culture solution L in the bed 12 is moved.
Rippling phenomenon occurs in the. In this case, the surface of the culture solution is tapped by the tidal wave body 84 so that the roots of the plant P are periodically exposed from the culture solution to the air. That is, in this hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10, as shown in FIG. 6, for example, a wave can be generated in the bed 12 by reducing the amount of vertical displacement of the tidal wave body 84. That is, the stroke of the vertical movement of the lifting plate 72 is set shorter than the stroke of the vertical movement when the ebb and flow is generated. In this case, the stroke length of the vertical movement of the elevating plate 72 is, for example, the limit switches 96b and 96.
regulated by c. That is, the tidal wave body 84 moves up and down with the same stroke as the length between the limit switches 96b and 96c. At this time, the lower end surface of the tidal wave body 84 can hit the liquid surface of the culture solution in the bed 12 to generate waves. In this embodiment, the tidal wave body 84 is set to reciprocate up and down once in a cycle of, for example, 1 to 3 seconds.

In this embodiment, the culture medium in the bed 12 is made to be rippled, so that the microorganism carrier contained in the culture medium is agitated and suspended by the flow of the waves. In this case, the tide generator 50 causes a wavy phenomenon in the bed 12, and at the same time, the microorganism holder is put into the culture solution in the bed 12. The microbial support may be placed in the culture solution immediately before or after the waviness phenomenon occurs. Further, the microbial carrier suspended in the culture medium may be diffused in the culture medium in a state of being nearly colloidal.

In the hydroponic cultivation method using this hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10, the water level of the culture solution L in the bed 12 is periodically displaced up and down, whereby a tidal difference of the culture solution L occurs in the bed 12. To do. Therefore, the root part of the plant P can be periodically exposed to the air, and oxygen in the air can be directly supplied to the root part. In addition, since oxygen in the air also dissolves in the culture solution each time the culture solution L is tidal, oxygen is abundantly supplied to the root portion of the plant P. Further, abundant oxygen is also supplied to the microorganisms having a symbiotic relationship with the root of the plant P, and the activity thereof is activated, so that the growth of the plant P is promoted.

Furthermore, in the hydroponic cultivation method using the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10, the culturing liquid in the bed 12 is made to be ruffled so that the plant pulverized coal or granular coal and the powdery or granular form in the culture broth are formed. Clay minerals can be suspended. Microorganisms are adsorbed and fixed on the plant pulverized coal or granular coal and the powdery or granular clay mineral in the suspended culture solution, respectively. That is, the plant pulverized coal or granular coal, and the powdery or granular clay mineral serve as a dwelling place in an optimal environment for the growth of microorganisms, and also serve as a medium for incorporating the animal and plant fertilizer contained in the culture solution. This is because vegetable pulverized coal or granular coal and powdery or granular clay minerals have relatively high alkalinity and have the property of exchangeable ions. Moreover, since the plant pulverized coal is suspended in the culture medium, useful microorganisms symbiotic with the roots of the plant are increased in the culture medium in the bed 12 to activate the growth of the plant.

Further, in this hydroponic cultivation method, microorganisms in the culture solution decompose and mineralize animal and plant fertilizers, that is, organic substances put in the culture solution, and produce plant nutrients in the culture solution. It Then, the nutrients are taken from the roots of plants. Moreover, a part of the nutrients generated in the culture solution is deposited on the bottom of the bed 12 and can be used as compost fertilizer. In this case, the compost fertilizer accumulated on the bottom of the bed 12 is appropriately taken out from the bed 12 by providing a discharge port (not shown) at the bottom of the bed 12 and sucking it with a suction pump, for example. In this hydroponic cultivation method, a place where the roots of the plant and the microorganisms in the culture solution coexist is created in the bed 12. In other words, according to this hydroponic cultivation method, breeding of microorganisms which are useful for the growth of the plant P, plant nutrients and compost can be produced in the same place.

In addition, in the hydroponic cultivation method using the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10, by causing the culture solution in the bed 12 to be rippled, air is caught in the boundary layer surface of the culture solution L.
At this time, oxygen in the air dissolves in the culture solution L, and the dissolved oxygen on the boundary layer surface becomes rich. Therefore, abundant oxygen is supplied to the organic substance-degrading microorganisms in the culture solution, and the activity is activated. In addition, the root part (underground part) of the plant P can absorb oxygen from the air and also a large amount of dissolved oxygen in the culture solution L from the boundary layer surface of the culture solution L. The oxygen supply effect of is increased. Moreover, abundant oxygen is supplied also to the rhizosphere microorganisms that are useful and symbiotic to the root portion of the plant P, facilitating the activation of the microorganisms.

Further, by making the water surface of the culture solution L wavy, the surface area of the culture solution surface can be increased and a large amount of heat of vaporization can be generated. Therefore, even in the midsummer, the temperature rise of the culture solution in the bed due to the temperature rise is prevented. In this case, according to the experiment by the inventor, it was found that the temperature rise of the culture solution L was lower than the room temperature in the house by about 10 ° C. as compared with that of the conventional circulation type hydroponic cultivation apparatus. Moreover, in this hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10, since the whole plant is shaken and natural breeze is generated in the bed 12 by causing the culture solution L to rise up, for example, an air conditioner such as a blower is installed in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10. No need to install around.

Further, by causing the water surface of the culture solution L to rise up and down, the root part of the plant P is constantly shaken, so that the gas exchange between the carbon dioxide gas and oxygen in the root part of the plant P is improved. In this case, the root part of the plant P is shaken and at the same time, the whole of the plant P including the above-ground part is shaken, so that the gas exchange as the whole plant P is activated. That is, since the whole plant P is swung, photosynthesis is activated and the plant grows faster. According to the experiment conducted by the inventor, it was found that the activation of photosynthesis was doubled and the growth was 30% faster at 50 to 60 cm / s when the fluctuation of the plant P was changed to the wind speed.

Further, by making the water surface of the culture solution L to swell, the underground part and the above-ground part of the plant P are swung, so that harmful insects such as aphids are hard to attach to the plant P.

FIG. 7 is a front view solution view showing another example of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus for carrying out the hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention.
In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, FIGS.
Compared with the hydroponic cultivation apparatus, the tidal wave generator 50 is provided on one end side and the other end side of the bed 12 in the longitudinal direction. In this case, the ebb and flow tanks 16 are formed on one end side and the other end side of the bed 12 in the longitudinal direction, respectively. Then, the tidal wave body 84 which is vertically displaced is formed above each of the tidal tanks 16 as in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4. Even in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIG.
~ Like the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 4, it is possible to cause the roots of the plants P to be periodically exposed from the culture solution L to the air by causing the culture solution L in the bed 12 to undergo a tidal phenomenon and a wavy phenomenon. Therefore, abundant oxygen is supplied to the root portion of the plant P and the microorganisms in the culture solution, and the growth of the plant P is activated. Therefore, also in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIG. 7, the same effect as the hydroponic cultivation method carried out in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 can be obtained.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a principal part showing still another example of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus for carrying out the hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention. The hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 8 is different from the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of FIGS. 1 to 4 in the structure of the tidal wave generator. In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 8, a tidal wave generator 50 is provided at the center of the bed 12 in the longitudinal direction. In this case, the tidal tank 16 is formed at the center of the bed 12 in the longitudinal direction, and the tidal wave body 84 is arranged above the tidal tank 16.

That is, the tidal wave generator 50 includes a cylindrical shaft portion 102 made of metal, for example. Shaft 102
Is rotatably provided above the tidal tank 16 at the center of the bed 12 in the longitudinal direction. The shaft portion 102 is rotatably supported by a frame (not shown) arranged on the center side of the bed 12 by a bearing or the like. A pulley 104 is provided at an intermediate portion of the shaft portion 102 in the axial direction. In addition, the shaft portion 102
A motor 106 as a drive unit for rotatably driving the shaft portion 102 is provided above. A pulley 110 is attached to the drive shaft 108 of the motor 106. A belt 112 is provided so as to span between the two pulleys 104 and 110.

Further, crank members 114 are provided at one end and the other end of the shaft portion 102 in the axial direction. The crank member 114 has, for example, a crank arm 116 having an L-shaped cross section.
And the end of the crank arm 116 includes an operating member 1
18 is rotatably attached. In this case, the operating member 11
The upper end of the axial direction of 8 is rotatably supported by the crank arm 116 by the crank pin 120. On the other hand, the holding member 124 is pivotally supported by the pin 122 at the lower end portion of the actuating member 118 in the axial direction.

The holding member 124 is formed of, for example, a synthetic resin in a rectangular plate shape, and extends downward from the lower end surface of the holding member 124 on one end side and the other end side in the longitudinal direction thereof, and has, for example, a cylindrical shape. Connecting rods 126 and 128 are formed. These connecting rods 126 and 128
Is inserted into the cylindrical guide posts 130 and 132 provided on the center side of the bed 12. Connecting rods 126 and 128 have guide posts 130 and 1
It is slidably inserted through the inside of 32. On the other hand, below the holding member 124, a horizontally elongated rectangular parallelepiped wave-making body 84 made of, for example, a synthetic resin is suspended as a three-dimensional object. In this case, the tidal wave body 84 is, for example, a bolt
It is suspended on the holding member 124 by fixing means 134 and 136 such as nuts.

In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 8, by driving the motor 106, the pulley 110 attached to the drive shaft 108 of the motor 106 rotates. When the pulley 110 rotates, the shaft portion 10 passes through the belt 112.
The pulley 104 provided at 2 rotates. Pulley 104
Is rotated, the shaft portion 102 is rotated, and the crank member 114 connected to the shaft portion 102 is operated. in this case,
The crank arm 116 of the crank member 114 includes the shaft portion 102.
Rotate around. Therefore, the operating member 118 reciprocates linearly in the vertical direction. As the actuating member 118 moves up and down, the holding member 124, together with the connecting rods 126 and 128, is guided by the guide posts 130 and 132.
Move up and down, respectively. Therefore, the tidal wave body 84 is taken in and out of the tidal tank 16. The hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIG. 8 also has the same effect as the hydroponic cultivation method carried out by the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 4.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of essential parts showing another example of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus for carrying out the hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention.
The hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 9 differs from the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of FIGS. 1 to 4 in the structure of the tidal wave generator.
In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 9, a tidal wave generator 50 is provided at one end of the bed 12 in the longitudinal direction. In this case, the ebb and flow tank 16 is formed at one end of the bed 12 in the longitudinal direction, and the ebb and flow corrugated body 84 is arranged above the ebb and flow tank 16.

That is, the tidal wave generator 50 has a support frame 13 provided outside one end of the bed 12 in the longitudinal direction.
Including 8. The support frame 138 is formed of, for example, a metal material in a substantially U shape. Arm members 142 and 144 having, for example, a rectangular cross section and a substantially oval shape in a plan view are rotatably supported on one end and the other end of the support frame 138, respectively, using a pivot 140 as a fulcrum. Arm members 142 and 1
A shaft portion 146 is rotatably attached between one end portions of the shaft 44 in the axial direction. A tension member 148 having a T-shaped cross section, for example, is attached to an axially intermediate portion of the shaft portion 146.
The pulling member 148 has, for example, a cylindrical insertion portion 14
9a, and a rectangular plate-shaped operating rod 152 extending downward is rotatably formed by a pin 150 at the axial center end of the insertion portion 149a. The lower end of the operating rod 152 in the longitudinal direction is, for example, a substantially oval crank member 156.
Is rotatably attached by a crank pin 154.
The crank member 156 is connected to a drive shaft (not shown) of the motor 158.

On the other hand, a rectangular parallelepiped tidal wave-making body 84 is rotatably attached to the other axial ends of the arm members 142 and 144 with another shaft portion 160 as a fulcrum. In this case, for example, triangular plate-shaped holding members 162 and 164 are rotatably attached to both ends of the shaft portion 160 in the axial direction. Furthermore, the tidal wave body 84 is fixed to the lower end surfaces of the holding members 162 and 164.

In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 9, by driving the motor 158, the crank member 156 attached to the drive shaft of the motor 158 rotates. When the crank member 156 rotates, the arm member 14
2 and 144 reciprocate linearly in the vertical direction with the pivot 140 as a fulcrum. That is, when the crank pin 154 of the actuating rod 152 is located at the top dead center due to the rotation of the crank member 156, the pulling member 148 pushes the shaft portion 146 upward, so that one end side of the arm members 142 and 144 in the axial direction is moved upward. Press on. Therefore, the arm member 142
The other axial ends of and 144 are displaced downward with the pivot 140 as a fulcrum.

On the contrary, when the crank pin 154 of the operating rod 152 is located at the bottom dead center due to the rotation of the crank member 156, the pulling member 148 pulls the shaft portion 146 downward so that one end of the arm members 142 and 144 in the axial direction. Will pull the side down. Therefore, the arm member 14
The other axial ends of 2 and 144 are displaced upward with the pivot 140 as a fulcrum. Therefore, the tidal wave body 84
Will be put in and taken out of the ebb tank 16. The hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIG. 9 also has the same effect as the hydroponic cultivation method carried out by the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 4.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a principal part showing still another example of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus for carrying out the hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention. The hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 10 differs from the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of FIGS. 1 to 4 in the structure of the tidal wave generator. In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 10, a tidal wave generator 50 is provided at the center of the bed 12 in the longitudinal direction. In this case, a tidal tank 16 is formed in the central portion of the bed 12 in the longitudinal direction, and the tidal wave body 8 is provided above the tidal tank 16.
4 are arranged.

That is, the tidal wave generator 50 includes four cylindrical guide posts 166 made of, for example, metal. Of these guide posts 166, two guide posts on one side are fixed to a side surface portion on one end side in the width direction of the bed 12 at the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the bed 12, and the other two guide posts are on the bed 12 side. Is fixed to the side surface portion of the bed 12 on the other end side in the width direction at the central portion in the longitudinal direction. A cylindrical rod 168, for example, is slidably inserted into each of these four guide posts 166. Further, a support member 170 having, for example, a plane H shape is fixed to the upper ends of the rods 168 in the axial direction.

The supporting member 170 is for suspending and supporting the tidal wave-making body 84 below it, and includes, for example, a rectangular plate-shaped suspending portion 172. Hanging part 1
For example, rectangular plate-shaped rod support portions 174 and 174 are formed at one end and the other end of 72 in the longitudinal direction, respectively. Hanging part 172 and rod support parts 174, 17
4 is integrally formed of a metal material, for example. In this case, the upper ends of the rods 168 in the axial direction are fixed to the lower end surfaces of the rod supporting portions 174 and 174 at both ends in the longitudinal direction thereof. Further, a tidal wave body 84 having a plurality of through holes 84a is hung on the lower end surface of the hanging portion 172. The tidal wave body 84 is fixed to the hanging portion 172 by fixing means 168 such as bolts and nuts.

Further, the support member 170 extends downward from the lower end face of the center of the rod support portions 174, 174 in the longitudinal direction, and racks 176, 1 serving as operating members, respectively.
76 is formed. In this case, the rack 176 is arranged between the rods 166 and 166 arranged on the side surface of the bed 12. Further, a pinion 178 that engages with the rack 176 is attached to these racks 176. The pinion 178 is pivotally supported on the side surface of the bed 12 by a shaft 182. A pulley 180 is attached to the pinion 178 via a shaft 182. On the other hand, on the side surface of the bed 12, a drive unit 184 including a motor (not shown) and a transmission that controls the rotation of the motor is provided near the rack 176. A pulley 188 is attached to the drive shaft 186 of the motor. Pulleys 180 and 18
A belt 190 is provided so as to extend between and.

In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 10, by driving the motor 158, the pulley 188 attached to the drive shaft 186 of the motor 158 rotates.
When the pulley 188 rotates, the pulley 180 rotates via the belt 190. As the pulley 180 rotates, the shaft 182 rotates, and the pinion 1 connected to the shaft 182 is rotated.
78 operates and rotates. Rotation of the pinion 178 imparts linear motion to the rack 176. In this case, the rack 176 makes a reciprocating linear motion in the vertical direction by the forward and reverse rotations of the motor. The support member 170 also moves up and down as the rack 176 reciprocates in the vertical direction. Support member 1
When the 70 moves up and down, the wave-making tide body 84 suspended by the support member 170 moves up and down. for that reason,
The tidal wave body 84 is put in and taken out of the tidal tank 16. In this case, similarly to the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 4, the limit switch 1 for controlling the displacement amount of the vertical movement of the tidal wave body 84 is also included in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIG.
92 and 194 are provided. These limit switches 192 and 194 are arranged so that the lower ends of the rods 168 are pressed by their operating pieces 196 and 198. Even in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIG.
The same effect as the hydroponic cultivation method implemented by the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 can be obtained.

FIGS. 11 and 12 show still another example of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus for carrying out the hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention, and FIG. 11 (A) is a side view solution thereof.
FIG. 1 (B) is a front view solution view of a main part thereof, and FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the main part. The hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 11 is, in comparison with the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, particularly an apparatus for generating only a wavy phenomenon in the bed 12, and particularly, for example, leek, shungiku, It is used when cultivating leafy vegetables such as komatsuna, lettuce, trefoil, and salad vegetables. In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 11, the wave generator 200 is provided at the center of the bed 12 in the longitudinal direction. In this case, the bed 12 does not have a tidal tank, and only the cultivation tank 14 is formed in the bed 12. Then, the wave generator 202 is arranged above the central portion of the bed 12 in the longitudinal direction.

That is, the wave generator 200 includes a rectangular plate-shaped support plate 204 made of, for example, metal. The support plate 204 is provided on the outer surface of the bed 12 at one end side and the other end side in the width direction of the bed 12 at the center in the longitudinal direction. A rotary shaft 206 is inserted through these support plates 204, and is rotatably supported by bearings 208. The pulley 2 is attached to one end of the rotary shaft 206 in the axial direction.
10 is fixed. Further, below the bed 12, for example, a motor 212 is provided as a drive unit that rotationally drives the rotary shaft 206. Drive shaft 21 of motor 212
Another pulley 216 is fixed to the roller 4. A V-belt 218 is provided between the pulleys 204 and 216, for example.
Is set up.

On the other hand, two wave-forming bodies 202 are formed at an intermediate portion in the axial direction of the rotary shaft 206 at intervals.
These wave-making bodies 202 include, for example, a U-shaped wave-making plate 220 made of synthetic resin.
At one end and the other end of the
Are integrally formed. The wave-making body 202 has an attachment part 2
The rotary shaft 206 is attached to the rotary shaft 206 by being inserted and fixed in the holes 22 (not shown). The wave-making plate 220 is attached so that its lower end is immersed in the culture solution in the bed 12. In addition, in the wave-making plate 220,
A plurality of, for example, circular holes 224 are provided at intervals in the longitudinal direction. These holes 224 are provided when the corrugated plate 220 is swung in the culture solution in the bed 12.
It is for generating aeration in the culture solution.

Hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 shown in FIGS. 11 and 12.
At 0, by driving the motor 212, the pulley 216 rotates together with the rotation of the drive shaft 214 of the motor 212, and further, the pulley 204 passes through the V belt 218.
Rotates. When the pulley 204 rotates, the rotating shaft 206
Also rotates with it, and the wave-making body 20 attached to the rotating shaft
The second wave-making plate 220 rotates. In this case, the motor 212
By appropriately adjusting the number of rotations of the wave making plate 220, it is possible to rotate the wave making plate 220 about a rotation axis 206 within a predetermined angle range so as to oscillate, or to set it so that it can rotate 360 °. Is. Further, the rotation direction of the wave-making plate 220 can be adjusted by rotating the motor 212 in the forward or reverse direction, or can be adjusted by attaching a forward / reverse clutch to the motor 212.

Therefore, in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the wave generator 202 is swung within a predetermined rotation angle range or rotated by 360 ° about the rotation shaft 206 as a fulcrum. Therefore, the corrugated plate 22
The culture solution in the bed 12 can be undulated by hitting the culture solution at 0. Therefore, in this hydroponic cultivation device 10,
A wavy phenomenon can be generated in the bed 12.
That is, since the roots of the plant P can be periodically exposed to the air from the culture solution L, oxygen is supplied to the root portion of the plant P and the microorganisms in the culture solution, and the growth of the plant P is activated. To be done. It is also possible to suspend the microbial support that is placed in the culture solution. Therefore, also in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the same effect as the hydroponic cultivation method carried out in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 can be obtained.

FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing still another example of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus for carrying out the hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention. The hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 13 differs from the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 in that a toggle link mechanism is used for the tidal wave-making mechanism. That is, in FIG.
The tidal wave generator 50 of the hydroponic cultivation device 10 includes pillar portions 230 provided on both outer sides of the bed 12 in the width direction. The column portion 230 is fixed to the ground or floor surface outside the bed 12. On the other hand, the tidal wave body 234 is arranged above and above the center of the bed 12 in the longitudinal direction. Tidal wave body 2
34 is held by a holding frame 236 arranged above the bed 12. The holding frame 236 is made of, for example, a metal material, and two rod-shaped hanging members 238, 238, which extend downward from the lower end surface of the holding frame 236 at intervals in the longitudinal direction, are formed. . The tidal wave body 234 is fixed to the hanging members 238 and 238. In addition, on one end side and the other end side in the longitudinal direction of the holding frame 236, the supporting portions 240 and 24 extending downward, respectively.
0 is fixed.

Further, a toggle link portion 242 is formed between the column portion 230 and the support portion 240. The toggle link unit 242 includes the arms 242a and 242b and the joint point 24.
4, 246 and 248. In this case, the joint point 244, which is one end of the arm 242a, is
Is rotatably connected to the upper end of the arm 242b, and a joint point 246, which is one end of the arm 242b, is rotatably connected to the lower end of the support 240. Further, the other end of the arm 242a and 242b
One end of a connecting rod 252a forming one of the crank parts 250 is rotatably connected to a joint point 248 that is a connection point with the other end of the rotary arm 252a, and one end of a rotary arm 252b is connected to the other end of the arm 252a. Is rotatably connected. Rotating arm 2
The other end of 52b is connected to a rotation drive means 254 such as a drive shaft of a motor.

Therefore, by rotating the rotary driving means 254 to rotate the rotary arm 252b of the crank part 250, the rotary motion of the rotary arm 252b is transmitted to the arms 242a and 242b of the toggle link part 242 by the connecting rod 252a, and the vertical motion is achieved. Can be converted to exercise. Therefore, the holding frame 236 moves up and down by the vertical movement of the toggle link portion 242. In this case, at the end of the downward movement of the holding frame 234, the three joint points 244, 246 and 2
48 are located on the same straight line. Since the wave generator 234 is moved up and down together with the vertical movement of the holding frame 236, the wavy phenomenon is generated by striking the culture solution in the bed 12, and the ebb and flow phenomenon is changed by changing the stroke and cycle of the vertical movement. It can be generated. Therefore, FIG.
Also in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus, the same effect as the hydroponic cultivation method carried out by the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 can be obtained.

In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, 7 to 10 and 13, the water level of the culture solution L in the bed 12 is displaced up and down by operating the tidal wave generator. Since the culture solution L can be made to flow in the horizontal direction in a short time, the tidal phenomenon can be generated in the bed 12 in a short time. Also, the culture solution L
The stirring rate of the culture solution is higher than when the surface of the culture medium is simply undulated. Therefore, the residue on the bottom of the bed 12 is easily suspended. Further, the movement amount of the culture solution is remarkably larger than that in the conventional circulation type hydroponic cultivation apparatus.

FIG. 14 is an illustrative view showing another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, FIGS. 1 to 4 and 7 to
Compared with the hydroponic cultivation method implemented by the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of FIG. 13, the suspension system of organic substances such as animal and plant fertilizers, which are put into the bed 12 and suspended in the culture solution L, is particularly different. In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 of FIG. 14, it is possible to make the culture solution ripple and simultaneously suspend organic substances such as animal and plant fertilizers in the culture solution. That is, in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIG. 14, three tidal wave generators 50, for example, are arranged above the bed 12 at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the bed 12. Among them, a net-like cage 260 for accommodating organic matter such as animal and plant fertilizer serving as a feed of organic matter-decomposing microorganisms is attached to the wave-making plate 258 arranged above the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the bed 12. In this case, the basket 260 includes a storage portion 262 having a U-shaped cross section, for example. This storage 2
62 is made of metal or the like in a mesh shape, and its end is fixed to the wave-making plate 258 by a rectangular attachment piece 264, for example. The animal and plant fertilizer 268 is stored in the basket 260. In this example, the basket 260
Are fixed to one end and the other end of the wave making plate 258 in the longitudinal direction. The basket 260 may be formed of cloth having a plurality of fine holes other than the wire mesh.

In the hydroponic cultivation method carried out by the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIG. 14, the wave-making plate 258 arranged above the center of the bed 12 moves up and down, and the animal and plant fertilizer 268 in the cage 260 also moves to the bed 12. It is immersed in the culture solution L inside. Moreover, at the same time that the wave-making plate 258 ripples the culture solution, the waving phenomenon can suspend the microorganism holder and the animal and plant fertilizer in the culture solution. Figure 1
In the hydroponic cultivation method using the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of No. 4, the same effect as the hydroponic cultivation method carried out by the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 can be obtained. The basket 260 containing organic matter such as animal and plant fertilizer is appropriately used, for example, for the tidal wave body of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, 7 to 10 and 13 other than the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIG. It may be provided. In addition, FIG.
Further, it may be provided on the wave-making body of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIG. 12, or may be provided on each wave-making plate of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIGS.

FIG. 15 is an illustrative view showing still another embodiment of the present invention. In this example, compared with the hydroponic cultivation method carried out by the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 and FIGS. 7 to 13, in particular, it was put into the bed 12 and suspended in the culture solution L. A system is added to circulate the sediment of the microbial carrier or the residue of the animal and plant fertilizer into the culture solution in the bed 12 again. That is, the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIG.
Then, only one tidal wave generator 50 is disposed above the center of the bed 12 in the longitudinal direction, and the wave-making plate 270 causes the culture solution to rise up. Therefore, at one end side and the other end side of the bed 12 in the longitudinal direction. At the bottom of the bed 12, suspended microorganism deposits and animal and plant fertilizer residues accumulate. In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 15, two outlets 272 and 272 are formed on the bottom surface of the bed 12, for example. A discharge pipe 274 is attached to these outlets 272, and a circulation pump 276 is connected to the discharge pipes. Further, the circulation pump 276 includes a circulation pipe 278.
Are connected. In this hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10, the circulation pump 276 sucks the deposits of the microbial carrier accumulated at the bottom of the bed 12 and the residue of animal and plant fertilizer, and again passes through the circulation pipe 278 to culture the inside of the bed 12. It is poured into the liquid L. Therefore, in the hydroponic cultivation method using the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 of FIG. 15, since it is possible to circulate in the bed 12, a microbial carrier that is a comfortable habitat for microorganisms useful for the activity of the plant P, is newly added. The frequency of injecting the microbial carrier can be further reduced, and the frequency of exchanging the culture solution can be further reduced.

FIG. 16 is an illustrative view showing still another example of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus for carrying out the present invention. In this embodiment, in particular, as compared with the hydroponic cultivation method carried out by the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of FIG. 15, the take-out tanks 282 and 282 are respectively provided on one end side and the other end side in the longitudinal direction of the bottom surface of the bed 12. Has been formed. Furthermore, these take-out tanks 28
Circular take-out holes 284 and 284, for example, are provided in the center of the bottom of each of the two. These take-out holes 28
4, take-out pipes 286 and 286 are respectively attached, and further take-out pipes 286 are provided with
Each take-out valve 288 is provided. In the hydroponic cultivation method using the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 of FIG. 16, the take-out valve 288 can be opened to appropriately take out the residue of the microorganism holder or animal and plant fertilizer accumulated in the take-out tank 282. The taken-out deposit of the microorganism carrier and the residue of the animal and plant fertilizer are again put into the culture solution in the bed 12 by, for example, manual operation and reused.

FIG. 17 is a schematic view showing still another example of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus for carrying out the present invention. In this embodiment, a hydroponic cultivation method carried out by a hydroponic cultivation apparatus shows a method for making it difficult for sediment such as a microbial support and organic matter to accumulate on the bottom of the bed 12. In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 17, as compared with the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 and 7 to 16, in particular,
A sloped portion 294 is formed on the bottom surface portion 292 of the bed 12. That is, the hydroponic cultivation device 10 shown in FIG.
In the above, the bottom surface portion 292 of the bed 12 is inclined so as to incline obliquely downward from one end and the other end in the longitudinal direction of the bed 12 to the center in the longitudinal direction of the bed 12. In the hydroponic cultivation method carried out by the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIG. 17, even if only one wave-making plate 290 is arranged above the center of the bed 12 in the longitudinal direction, one end of the bed 12 in the longitudinal direction is formed. The microbial carrier and the deposits such as organic matter that collect on the side and the other end flow along the sloped portion 294 of the bottom surface portion 292 of the bed 12 to the central bottom of the bed 12 in the longitudinal direction. Furthermore, since most of these deposits are agitated by the vertical movement of the wave-making plate 290, it is difficult for the deposits to collect at the bottom of the bed 12. It should be noted that when a slope is formed on the bottom surface portion 292 of the bed 12, FIG.
As shown in (B), the inclined portion 294 may be formed so as to incline from one end side in the longitudinal direction of the bed 12 to the other end side.

FIG. 18 is an illustrative view showing still another example of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus for carrying out the present invention. In this embodiment, compared with the hydroponic cultivation method carried out by the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 and 7 to 17, in particular, the culture solution stored in the bed 12 is circulated by the circulation pump 298. Has been done. In this case, in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10, one end thereof is attached to the bottom portion on one end side in the longitudinal direction of the bed 12, and the other end is attached to the bed 12 from above the other end side in the longitudinal direction.
The circulation pipe 296 is arranged so as to face inward. Further, a filtration tank 300 is provided above the other end of the bed 12 in the longitudinal direction between the other end of the circulation pipe 296 and the liquid surface of the culture solution in the bed 12. In the hydroponic cultivation method implemented by the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of FIG. 18, the culture solution L in the bed 12 is circulated from the bed 12 to the circulation pipe 29 by the circulation pump 298.
6 and further into the bed 12 again via the filtration tank 300. Also in the hydroponic cultivation method using the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 in FIG. 18, FIGS. 1 to 4 and 7 to 17
Similar to the hydroponic cultivation method performed by the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of No. 1, the culture solution L in the bed 12 is tapped by the wave-making plate 302 of the tidal wave-making machine 50 to generate a wavy phenomenon, and the root of the plant P and Rich oxygen can be supplied to the microorganisms in the culture solution L. Moreover, in the hydroponic cultivation method shown in FIG. 18, the temperature of the culture solution L can be lowered from the room temperature in the house by causing the culture solution L to ruffle by the tidal wave generator 50, and It is possible to prevent residue from accumulating at the bottom.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic front view solution diagram showing an example of a hydroponic cultivation apparatus for carrying out the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a main part of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a side view solution diagram of a main part of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of essential parts of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3.

5 (A) is a cross-sectional schematic view showing a mounting state of the planting panel shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG.
[Fig. 6] is a cross-sectional solution diagram showing a mounting state of another planting panel.

6 is a fragmentary front view solution diagram showing a state in which waves are generated in the culture solution in the bed in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4. FIG.

FIG. 7 is a front view solution diagram showing another example of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus for carrying out the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a main part showing still another example of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus for carrying out the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a main part perspective view showing another example of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus for carrying out the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a main part perspective view showing still another example of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus for carrying out the present invention.

FIG. 11 shows still another example of a hydroponic cultivation apparatus for carrying out the present invention, (A) is a side view solution thereof, and (B) is a front view solution view of a main part thereof.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of essential parts of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIG.

FIG. 13 is an illustrative view showing still another example of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus for carrying out the present invention.

FIG. 14 is an illustrative view showing another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is an illustrative view showing still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is an illustrative view showing still another example of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus for carrying out the present invention.

FIG. 17 (A) is an illustrative view showing still another example of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus for carrying out the present invention, and (B) is an illustrative view showing a modification thereof.

FIG. 18 is an illustrative view showing still another example of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus for carrying out the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Hydroponic cultivation apparatus 12 Bed 14 Cultivation tank 16 Tidal tank 36 Fixed planting panel 40 Fixed planting panel mounting member 50 Tidal wave generator 52 Support stand 54 Support body 56,58 Support plate 60 Rotating shaft 62 Male screw part 68a-68d Guide rod 72 Elevating Plate 74 Socket member 78a, 78b, 78c, 78d Guide post 80a, 80b, 80c, 80d Arm member 82 Mounting member 84 Tidal wave making body 86, 90 Pulley 88 Motor 92 Belt 96a, 96b, 96c, 96d Limit switch 100 Control unit P plant L culture solution

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A step of preparing a bed, a step of detachably providing a planting panel on which a plant has been planted on the bed, and a culture solution containing a microorganism having a useful activity for growing the plant is stored in the bed. Step, a step of adding a microbial carrier that becomes a residence of the microorganisms in the culture solution in the bed, by undulating the culture solution, and suspending the microbial support in the culture solution, A hydroponic cultivation method comprising a step of periodically exposing roots from the culture solution to the air, and a step of adding a natural organic substance to the culture solution in the bed. 2. The hydroponics method according to claim 1, wherein the microbial support contains at least one of vegetable charcoal and clay mineral. 3. The hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the natural organic matter is formed of animal and plant fertilizer. 4. The step of periodically displacing the water level of the culture solution in the bed up and down to expose the roots of the plants from the culture solution to the air periodically. One of the hydroponic cultivation methods. 5. The hydroponic culture according to claim 1, further comprising the step of mineralizing the natural organic matter with the microorganisms in the culture solution to form a fertilizer for nutrition of the plant in the bed. Method.