JPH0716366B2 - Feed for improving palatability for piglets - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION <Industrial field of application> The present invention relates to a feed for piglets with improved palatability,
It is characterized in that protein and iron contained in blood of pigs and cows are mixed with piglet feed.

<Prior Art> In the case of pig farming, when a newborn pig has no appetite for the feed, the damage associated with the growth of the pig is enormous. Especially, the preference for feed in the weaning period is important. The difference in the intake greatly affects the subsequent fattening of pigs. When the intake is low, it is easy to be infected with a disease, the growth is remarkably transmitted, and death may occur in some cases. Especially in the weaning period, animals are generally more likely to be infected with the disease at the time when the maternal antibody is lost, and the mortality rate is highest at this time. In order to prevent diseases, feeds for piglets are often mixed with drugs such as immune substances and antibiotics, but if piglets do not take such feeds, it will be meaningless to add them. . Therefore, pig farmers and feed manufacturers are making various efforts to find ways to feed their feed. However, a very effective means is not yet developed at present.

Currently, the generally practiced method is to add sucrose having a sweetness such as glucose and sugar to the feed or an artificial sweetener or flavor such as saccharin sodium to promote the diet by appealing to the taste of piglets. However, these additives also cannot provide the effect of improving the palatability of piglets to a desired degree.

Most of the research that enhances palatability is based on empirical knowledge, and the research is hardly done at present. In addition, since piglets instinctively behave in a manner that demands iron supplementation, in order to improve palatability and supplement nutrition, black soil, which contains a large amount of iron, etc., may be directly administered with pig or cattle blood. However, it causes illness such as indigestion and diarrhea, which has an adverse effect on development.

<Problems to be Solved> The present inventors have conducted research aiming at development of feed for piglets that does not use or does not use sweeteners such as sugar and saccharin in order to enhance palatability and has high growth efficiency. As a result of repeated studies, it was found that it is suitable for these purposes if the piglet feed is mixed with proteins mainly composed of albumin and globulin contained in blood of pigs and cows and iron derived from red blood cells separated from blood. Then, the present invention was constructed.

Although it has already been mentioned that the intake of feed during pig weaning is important, the addition of a large amount of sugar or non-caloric substances such as saccharin sodium to enhance the palatability of piglets whose present feed is weaning. However, the effect of improving palatability is not necessarily recognized, and it cannot be said that it is nutritionally excellent.

It has also been conventionally performed to add blood, which is the raw material of the present invention, to piglet feeds for the purpose of improving palatability and nutritional supplementation, but it is not effective in the state of blood as it is, and rather causes indigestion. Therefore, it was a problem to make the blood itself easy to digest.

The palatability-improving feed for piglets according to the present invention not only improves the palatability of the feed because it contains albumin separated from blood of pigs and cows, protein containing globulin as a main component, and iron derived from red blood cells separated from blood. It also has important nutritional significance for the growth of piglets, and the growth effect is excellent without using a large amount of sugars, artificial sweeteners and the like.

Therefore, the palatability-improving feed for piglets according to the present invention enhances the palatability, and not only can the feeding of pigs in the weaning period be labor-saving but also the fattening effect.

<Means for Solving Problems> As described above, the piglet instinctively behaves for iron supplement. This is because the piglet is born in anemia while being born, but the present inventors have focused on this point and utilize the blood component of pig or cow to enhance the preference of piglet feed. Various studies were conducted. As a result, albumin and globulin-based proteins obtained by appropriately purifying and concentrating the serum of pig or bovine blood as a raw material and hemoglobin proteolysate of red blood cells as iron separated from the blood are used for piglets. It was found that its palatability was significantly improved by adding it to feed.

Blood collection to obtain the above-mentioned protein containing albumin and globulin as the main component (hereinafter referred to as isolated serum protein) is performed in a sanitary facility in order to prevent spoilage, bacterial contamination, and oxidation. It is desirable to use a trocar blood collection method that can collect blood.

Collect the collected blood in a tank, and cool it rapidly (4 ℃ ~ 10
C.) prevents the propagation of various bacteria, the denaturation of proteins, and the spoilage. Since spoilage influences the effect of the palatability-improving feed for piglets according to the present invention, particular attention must be paid.

Next, collect the collected blood using a centrifuge 800 ~ 1,500 x
Blood is separated by centrifugation under the conditions of g, 3 minutes, and the supernatant is centrifuged at 800-1,500 xg for 3 minutes to obtain serum. Further, the serum is concentrated by removing water with an ultrafiltration membrane. The performance of the ultrafiltration membrane has a molecular weight cutoff of 3,000 to 1
Use the one of 00,000. At this time, the serum is purified by removing low molecular weight compounds at the same time as being concentrated by the ultrafiltration membrane.
The concentrate has a solids content of about 10 to 18% by weight mainly consisting of albumin and globulin.

When obtaining directly separated serum proteins from blood plasma, an anticoagulant such as sodium citrate is added immediately after blood collection, and conventional fractionation concentration methods such as polyethylene glycol method, ethanol method (Cohn method) Either method such as The object of the present invention is not to recover high-purity albumin and globulin, but to remove fibrinogen and low-molecular compounds, and to obtain high-purity albumin and globulin, it is highly fractionated. As a result, the fraction has less odor and less iron derived from blood, so that the palatability effect aimed at by the present invention is diminished. The degree of purification and concentration according to the present invention may be a state in which fibrinogen and a low molecular weight compound are removed.

The separated and purified serum protein purified and concentrated as described above is in the form of liquid or paste, but may be dried and powdered if necessary.

Regarding the iron content derived from erythrocytes separated from the blood of pig or cow used in the present invention, iron content derived from some blood is also contained in the separated serum protein, but this is not sufficient, and it is separated from blood of pig or cow. By adjusting the pH of hemoglobin protein in the erythrocytes, or hemoglobin protein, and adding a predetermined amount of iron such as heme iron obtained by acetone separation to the piglet feed together with the separated serum protein, a sufficient palatability is obtained. The improvement effect can be obtained.
As hemoglobin protein as iron is not digested as it is, it is better to peptide it with proteolytic enzymes, acids, etc., but if it is decomposed too much, bitterness of amino acids will occur, so the degree of decomposition is preferably up to 20%. . However, since the purpose is to utilize iron, it suffices if the protein is decomposed,
Regarding the bitterness, the degree of decomposition does not matter because the added amount is small. The thus-obtained proteolytic product of hemoglobin (hereinafter referred to as blood cell hydrolyzate) as iron is concentrated or used as it is.

Next, the separated serum protein and blood cell hydrolyzate or heme iron obtained by the above-mentioned method are mixed with a feed for piglets and used. In the following description and Examples, only the blood cell hydrolyzate as iron is described, but the above-mentioned heme iron is also effective for improving the palatability as in the blood cell hydrolysis.

When the liquid serum or the blood cell hydrolyzate according to the present invention is mixed in the feed in a liquid or paste form, the content is about 0.5 to 40% by weight based on the piglet feed. The dry powder is used by blending 0.05 to 20% by weight. However, when economic efficiency is taken into consideration, the compounding ratio is about liquid or paste.
1.0 to 25% by weight, preferably about 0.1 to 15% by weight in powder form.

The weight mixing ratio of the isolated serum protein and the blood cell hydrolyzate according to the present invention is in the range of 90:10 to 10:90. However, the stronger the palatability is, the better the isolated serum protein is. Of course,
Even if a sweetener such as sugar that has been conventionally used is used together, the effect does not change. When used in combination, the compounding ratio of the isolated serum protein and hemocyte hydrolyzate according to the present invention to the piglet feed is half the above-mentioned effect is sufficient.

<Effect of the Invention> Since the separated serum protein to be added to the piglet feed according to the present invention is a polymer, it is adsorbed in a state in which the odor and taste of blood are concentrated, which not only contributes to the improvement of palatability but also protein. It itself is easy to digest. In addition, the use of blood cell hydrolyzate further enhances the above-mentioned odor and taste.

When the piglet feed containing the isolated serum protein and blood cell hydrolyzate according to the present invention is bred, the piglet prefers to eat the feed and facilitates feeding in the weaning period. Of course, there is a big difference in the subsequent growth and fattening.

Next, the method of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. In the following examples, adult pig blood was used as a raw material for the isolated serum protein and hemocyte hydrolyzate according to the present invention,
Needless to say, similar results can be obtained using adult cattle blood as a raw material.

〔Example〕

[Example of production of separated serum protein] 100 kg of fresh and sanitary blood collected from adult pigs was rapidly cooled to 10 ° C or lower. This was separated into red blood cells and plasma by centrifugation at 1,200 xg for 2 to 4 minutes. When the separated plasma was further cooled to 6 ° C or lower, only the plasma was separated. Almost completely separated in about 30-40 minutes. Thoroughly pickle this and 1,200 xg
Centrifuge for 2-3 minutes. By these treatments, a solution containing about 6% of a protein containing globulin and albumin as main components was obtained. Using an ultrafiltration membrane (the molecular weight cut-off at this time was 3,000 to 100,000), about 25 kg of a liquid substance having a viscosity of about 12% of protein contained was obtained.

The protein composition of this liquid was as follows.

Albumin 50 to 68% α, β, γ blobulin 10 to 25% [Method for producing blood cell hydrolyzate] Hemoglobin protein in erythrocytes separated from plasma in the same manner as in the case of producing isolated serum protein from pig or cow blood 40g of proteolytic enzyme Alcalase 0.6L per 1kg
Was added. (The main component of Alcalase is Subtilis in Carls
berg, and its activity is maximum under the conditions of 50-60 ° C. and pH 7-9. ) (Heating time is about 4 hours) When the degree of protein decomposition was 18 to 20%, the pH was lowered to 4.0 to deactivate alcalase. The composition of the blood cell hydrolyzate thus obtained had a water content of 3 to 5% and a protein (N × 6.2% when dried).
5) 70-88%, ash 12-17% and iron 0.2-0.3%.

[Mixing of separated serum protein and blood cell hydrolyzate]

The separated serum protein (liquid substance) and the blood cell hydrolyzate (liquid substance) obtained as described above were mixed at a weight ratio of 80:20, and dried and powdered by a spray drying method. About 20% of lactose was added as an auxiliary agent to enhance the drying efficiency. The drying conditions were a blast temperature of 150 ° C, an exhaust air temperature of 55 ° C, and an article temperature of 35 ° C. The composition after drying was as follows. 65% of total protein, 21% of sugar, 7% of iron and others and 7% of water [Breeding and palatability experiment of piglets] Among the artificial milks for piglets that are generally sold, sugar and glucose which are palatability substances. Using the basic feed (hereinafter simply referred to as basic feed) excluding flavors and the like, the separated serum protein according to the present invention and the blood cell hydrolyzate were mixed for 8-day-old, 12-day-old, and 14-day-old piglets. Experiments on breeding and palatability with a taste improving feed were conducted.

(Example 1-1) An 8-day-old piglet was bred for 5 days using a dry powder product (hereinafter referred to as a palatability improving agent of the present invention) of a mixture of the above-mentioned separated serum protein and blood cell hydrolyzate, and the palatability was maintained. A sex experiment was conducted and the results were observed.

The composition of the basic feed used in this experiment was 44% animal feed,
Cereals were 34% and other 22%. The palatability improver of the present invention, which was separated and dried and powdered by the above-mentioned method, was mixed in the proportion shown in Table 1 to prepare an experimental feed. The pigs used in the experiment were SPF piglets, which were bred with breast milk until the age of 5 days after birth, and 20 pigs bred with breast milk and basal feed from the age of 6 days to 8 days were used. As shown in Table 2, this is one example 5
Heads were divided into 4 cases, and the comparative example was bred only with basic feed, and the other 3
In the examples, the palatability improving agent of the present invention was mixed with the basic feed at a ratio shown in Table 1, and the paitability was experimentally observed by cultivating the experimental feed prepared. With each day, the amount of each group was raised to 100 g to 150 g per head with the increase of the age.

The results are shown in Table 2.

As can be seen from Table 2, in the case of feeding only the basic feed, the total amount of the dose was not preyed on the dose even on the 5th day and the palatability was largely lacking, but the feed of the present invention preyed well in each case. Therefore, the higher the blending concentration of the palatability improving agent of the present invention, the higher the effect. However, even if the concentration is higher than necessary, the effect is not significantly changed and it is not economical. Therefore, it can be seen that the effect can be sufficiently obtained with 5% or less. In particular, the amount of predation on and after the third day is overwhelming in the mixed example of the palatability improving agent of the present invention, and it can be seen whether the appetite enhancing effect is high.

(Example 1-2) Next, two kinds of feeds, a basic feed and a basic feed containing 1% of the palatability improving agent of the present invention were fed to 14-day-old piglets at the same time to enhance the palatability of the feed of the present invention. An experiment was conducted to find out how much there was. The experimental number was 20. The results are shown in Table 3.

The results shown in Table 3 also show that most of the piglets have a strong palatability with the feed containing the palatability improving agent of the present invention, demonstrating that it is superior to conventional palatability substances.

(Example 2) An experiment was conducted on the combined effect of the palatability improver of the present invention obtained in Example 1, and the sugars and natural / artificial sweeteners which are palatability substances conventionally used. Formulation examples are shown in Table 4. The piglets used were SPF piglets, 18 12-day-old piglets were used for 3 days in the same manner as in Example 1, and the experimental method was as in Example 1.
Similarly to -2, the basic feed and the basic feed containing the palatability improving agent of the present invention were simultaneously given, and the effect on the palatability was observed.

As is clear from the results shown in Tables 5 and 6, the palatability effect was significantly increased by the combined use of the feed containing the palatability improving agent of the present invention, sugars and natural / artificial sweeteners.

It was found that due to the combined effect, the palatability improving agent of the present invention and the conventional palatability substance can be compounded at a reduced compounding ratio, and an economic effect can be expected.

The description of the items in the table is as follows.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Noriichi Miyazaki 2-14-1 Tagara, Nerima-ku, Tokyo (72) Inventor Fuzo Kikugawa 5-5-16 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Organo Corporation (72) Inventor Yosuke Nakajima 2100-43 Kamiyoshiwa, Satte-cho, Kita-Katsushika-gun, Saitama Oruga Factory Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Masao Sano 5-5-16 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Organo Co., Ltd. (72) Minor Kosuge 5-5-16 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Organo Co., Ltd. (56) Reference Document JP-A-59-88042 (JP, A)

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A piglet preference obtained by mixing a piglet feed with albumin and a protein containing globulin as a main component separated from pig or cow blood and iron derived from red blood cells separated from pig or cow blood. Sex improvement feed.