JPH07126093A - Organic matter humification promoter/soil modifier - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the promoter/modifier promoting the humification of organic matter such as rice straw along with being effective for soil modification. CONSTITUTION:The organic matter humification promoter/soil modifier is comprised of (A) 30-70wt.% of lime nitrogen, (B) 40-80wt.% of a calcareous substance and (C) 3-30wt.% of iron oxides.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an organic matter ripening promoting / soil improving material containing lime nitrogen as a main component and containing calcareous substances and iron oxides for accelerating ripening of organic matter such as rice straw and improving soil. It is a thing.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Rice straw, rice husks, etc. are disposed of by incineration, etc., except that some of them are used for a small purpose due to changes in utility value, but in some areas problems such as traffic obstruction due to smoke occur. ing. On the other hand, there has been a movement to compost rice straw and reuse it.However, even if rice straw is deposited as it is, it does not easily decay, and it takes a lot of time and labor to ripen the sediment by cutting and mixing it. There's a problem.

Conventionally, it is known to add lime nitrogen in order to promote decomposition and ripening of rice straw, rice husk and the like to form compost (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 59-3090). This is because the N component contained in lime nitrogen lowers the carbon ratio (C / N) of rice straw and the like, promotes the growth of microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis, and promotes the decay and ripening of organic matter.

[0004]

However, since the time to ripen rice straw and the like is after October, the temperature is low and the growth of microorganisms is slow, and the N component in lime nitrogen is cyanamide. Since it is volatile nitrogen and its action is delayed, decomposition of organic substances tends to be delayed. Furthermore, depending on the method of spraying lime nitrogen, the N component may remain due to uneven scattering, heavy use, etc. As a result, it has been pointed out that the N component becomes excessive in the soil using this compost, which promotes overgrowth of rice and leads to lodging of rice. The lodging of rice causes poor yield and deteriorates the yield of rice, and also makes it difficult to combine harvesting work.

The present invention makes the most of the effectiveness of lime nitrogen, prevents the residual N component due to delay of decomposition, promotes the ripening of organic matter, and accelerates the ripening of organic matter. The inventors have found that iron is blended and have completed the present invention.

[0006]

That is, the present invention is based on 30-70% by weight of lime nitrogen, 40-80% by weight of calcareous substance,
And 3 to 30% by weight of iron oxide, which is an organic matter ripening promoting and soil improving material.

Lime nitrogen is composed of 50% or more of calcium cyanamide (CaCN ₂ ) as a main component, 20% of calcium oxide (CaO) as an accessory component, and 19% of carbon and the like. Cyanamide is converted to ammonia and then nitric acid via urea in soil. This change is hydrolysis, which is contributed by chemical reactions and enzymatic reactions of microorganisms. In addition, the N component of cyanamide lowers the carbon ratio (C / N) of organic matter such as rice straw and improves the growth of microorganisms, and thus has the action of promoting ripening. The organic matter to which the present invention is applied is a composting material such as rice straw, rice husk, and straw, and is particularly effective for those having a high carbon content. Hereinafter, rice straw will be described as an example. In order to ripen rice straw well, it is necessary to add nitrogen to reduce the carbon ratio to 20-30.

When the lime nitrogen of the present invention is less than 30% by weight,
It is not preferable because the addition of N component is not sufficient and it takes time to decompose rice straw. On the other hand, if the lime nitrogen exceeds 70% by weight, the residual N component increases and the lodging of the rice often occurs, which is not preferable.

The calcareous substance neutralizes the acidic soil to make it neutral and has an action of assisting the decomposition of organic matter, and the synergistic effect with lime nitrogen can ripen the organic matter faster. In addition, the absorption of lime improves the physiological metabolism of the plant and combines it with harmful organic acids to form an insoluble salt and renders it harmless, which leads to a healthy plant, resulting in increased yield and improved quality. The type of calcareous substance of the present invention is quicklime,
Slaked lime and calcium carbonate are mainly used. Moreover, these can use together 1 type (s) or 2 or more types. In particular, it is more preferable to combine quick-acting quick lime and slow-acting calcium carbonate in combination because the soil improving effect is increased.

If the amount of the calcareous substance of the present invention is less than 40% by weight, the synergistic effect with lime nitrogen is weakened, which is not sufficient.
On the other hand, when it exceeds 80% by weight, lime nitrogen is relatively reduced and the effect of promoting ripening becomes insufficient. When rice straw begins to rot, organic acids are generated and the acidity (pH) decreases. Lime, along with accelerating the ripening of organic matter, corrects the reaction of soil,
It has the effect of increasing the acidity of the crop, and it is necessary to determine the blending amount according to the soil conditions.

During the ripening process, rice straw consumes a large amount of oxygen in the soil, promotes reduction, and iron is leached. For example, a large amount of combine harvested rice straw is scattered all over the rice field and remains in the soil as undecomposed organic matter, but these consume a large amount of oxygen in the soil during the ripening process, so that Iron oxide of Fe changed from Fe ₂ O ₃ to FeO,
O leaches to the lower layer in the soil, causing a decrease in iron deficiency. In this way, in the reduced paddy fields, hydrogen sulfide is produced from sulfate in the soil, and the roots of iron-deficient rice are not covered with iron oxide and are in a bare state, so the roots are attacked by hydrogen sulfide and cause root rot. It is known that the raised white roots turn into black roots and die, or the absorption of nutrients decreases. In the present invention, iron oxide is added for the purpose of improving the soil by supplementing iron to prevent this phenomenon.

When the iron oxide of the present invention is less than 3% by weight, the iron content is not sufficiently supplied to the soil, and the roots absorb less nutrients. Further, when the iron oxide content exceeds 30% by weight, the relative blending amount of lime nitrogen and calcareous substances decreases, the rice straw does not ripen, the soil improving effect decreases, and as a result, the yield does not improve. . The iron oxide of the present invention is preferably trivalent iron, but there is no problem even if a small amount of divalent iron is mixed.

The organic matter ripening promoting / soil improving material of the present invention is
It is used in the form of powder, sand, or granules, but the granules are preferred in order to prevent sprinkling unevenness, scattering, partial overuse and the like caused by the spraying method. In the present invention, a granulating agent for granulating, an anti-scattering agent for preventing powder from scattering, and the like can be added. Although lime nitrogen, a calcareous substance, and iron oxide, which are raw materials, may be commercially available products, it is desirable that all have a uniform particle size in order to prevent separation / segregation due to mixing.

As an example of using the organic matter ripening-accelerating / soil improving material of the present invention, 100 kg of rice straw is added with 10 kg of the product of the present invention, and it is loaded with sufficient water and deposited after about 2 weeks. By turning back the product, it will be forcible compost after about 4 weeks. Further, the rice straw scattered after being cut in the paddy field may be sprayed with the product of the present invention at a rate of 40 to 60 kg per 10 a, and the rice straw may be mixed with the rice straw within the year. For semi-wet paddy fields, the same proportion may be applied in the fall, and it may be plowed (plowed) one month before planting the spring fields.

[0015]

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples.
Powdered lime nitrogen of 1 mm or less (commercial item, C
aCN ₂ 50%), quicklime (commercial product, CaO 45%),
Calcium carbonate (commercial item, CaCO ₃ 98%) and iron oxide (mill scale, Fe ₂ O ₃ 70%) were used. Lime nitrogen 34% by weight, quicklime 40% by weight, calcium carbonate 1
8% by weight and 5% by weight of iron oxide were mixed and mixed with a stirring mixer for 5 minutes, then 3% by weight of an anti-scattering agent for preventing scattering during spraying was added, and further mixed for 10 minutes. The obtained product was uniform without segregation of components and was in the form of powder that was difficult to scatter in the wind. Next, a field test of rice using the product of the present invention was conducted. In the field, a non-treated area where nothing was used and an area where only lime nitrogen was used as a conventional product were set as the product area of the present invention and a comparative example. After harvesting rice in October 1991, 40 Kg / 10a of the present invention area and 20 Kg / 10a of lime nitrogen area were respectively sprayed, and each was raised in autumn (after rice harvesting and tilling in autumn). Rice was planted in April 1992 and cut in October of the same year. The results are shown in Table 1. Spray amount in the table is Kg / 1
0a, TN, TC, and C / N represent total nitrogen%, total carbon%, and carbon ratio in the straw. The yield is Kg / 10a.

[0016]

[Table 1]

[0017]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The use of the organic matter ripening promoting / soil improving material of the present invention promotes early composting as compared with the conventional method relying only on natural rot, and does not require labor.
Compared with the method of adding only lime nitrogen, partial N
It is possible to prevent damage to crops due to excess residue and improve soil, and as a result, the quality and yield of crops are improved.

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Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An organic matter ripening promoting and soil improving material comprising 30 to 70% by weight of lime nitrogen, 40 to 80% by weight of calcareous substance, and 3 to 30% by weight of iron oxide.