JPH07124440A - Carbon dioxide separating device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To constitute the device so that necessary driving power of a compressor is curtailed and carbon dioxide can be separated efficiently, and also, at a low operation cost by an easy and simple constitution. CONSTITUTION:In the carbon dioxide separating device for separating carbon dioxide from exhaust gas containing dioxide, this device is provided with a water channel piping for leading in water or sea water 1, a liquid gas heat exchanger 3 which is provided on the upstream side of the water channel piping, and performs heat exchange for liquid natural gas, and a gas leading-in piping for leading in exhaust gas, and a seawater heat exchanger 6 which is provided on the downstream side of the water channel piping, and performs heat exchange for sea water, and a carbon dioxide collecting piping 7 for collecting carbon dioxide.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a carbon dioxide separator for separating carbon dioxide from exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide from, for example, a thermal power plant. Further, the present invention relates to a carbon dioxide separation device capable of easily separating carbon dioxide at a low operating cost with a simple structure.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) is released to the atmosphere when burning fossil fuels such as petroleum, coal and natural gas. The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing with the increase in consumption of fossil fuels, and global warming, which is mainly caused by carbon dioxide, has become a problem in recent years. In Japan, the amount of carbon dioxide emitted from a thermal power plant is the largest, and separating it has become an issue for solving the global warming problem.

By the way, the composition ratio of exhaust gas from a thermal power plant is about 8% to 15% for carbon dioxide and about 75% for nitrogen.
%, The rest is mostly water vapor, and first of all, a means for separating and removing only carbon dioxide from a large amount of exhaust gas must be taken. And now, as this separation method,
Distillation method, chemical absorption method, physical adsorption method, membrane separation method, etc. have been proposed.

First, the distillation method is a method of separating carbon dioxide in exhaust gas from other components by a difference in liquefaction or solidification temperature. This method is used for liquefaction of many gases because of its simple principle and device, and it is possible to process a large amount of gases, but it requires a large amount of energy for compression and cooling.

The chemical absorption method is a method in which an amine-based solution and exhaust gas are brought into contact with each other to absorb and separate carbon dioxide, and the absorbed carbon dioxide is taken out by heating the solution.

Further, the physical adsorption method is a method in which carbon dioxide is selectively adsorbed and separated by using activated carbon or porous zeolite as an adsorbent.

Furthermore, the membrane separation method is a method of separating carbon dioxide by utilizing the difference in gas permeation rate.

By the way, the liquid of carbon dioxide is 20 degrees Celsius.
It does not exist unless the pressure is about 60 kgf / cm ² or higher at a temperature of 60 ° C. Therefore, when the carbon dioxide is liquefied and separated by the distillation method, it is necessary to use a compressor to compress the partial pressure of carbon dioxide to the above pressure or more. this is,
This is because the liquid exists only in the region surrounded by the boiling line and the melting line, as is clear from the state diagram of carbon dioxide shown in FIG.

For example, a large amount of carbon dioxide of 720 tons / h is contained in the exhaust gas from a thermal power plant of 1 million kw class, and if this is to be treated, a huge amount of energy will be used as the power of the compressor. Is required. In this way, since the distillation method requires a compressor,
This power reduces energy efficiency.

Further, the gaseous carbon dioxide separated by the chemical absorption method, the physical adsorption method, or the membrane separation method needs to have a small volume for storage, and is about 1/50 by liquefaction.
The volume is 0. Further, since a compressor is also required for this liquefaction, this power reduces energy efficiency.

On the other hand, in the chemical absorption method, the cost of the amine-based solution used is high. Further, in the physical adsorption method, a large valve, a vacuum pump, or the like is required to regenerate the adsorbent, which increases the cost of the device. Furthermore, in the membrane separation method, an excellent membrane for carbon dioxide separation has not yet been developed.

[0012]

As described above, in the conventional carbon dioxide separation method, the required power of the compressor is large and the carbon dioxide cannot be separated efficiently, and the operating cost is high and the structure is also high. The problem was that it was complicated.

An object of the present invention is to provide a highly reliable carbon dioxide which can efficiently separate the carbon dioxide by reducing the power required for the compressor, and can easily and easily separate the carbon dioxide at a low operating cost. To provide a separating device.

[0014]

In order to achieve the above object, first, in the invention corresponding to claim 1, in a carbon dioxide separator for separating carbon dioxide from exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide, water or seawater is used. Waterway piping to introduce
A liquefied natural gas heat exchanger that exchanges heat with liquefied natural gas and a gas introduction pipe that introduces exhaust gas, and seawater heat that exchanges heat with seawater that is provided downstream of the water pipe, provided on the upstream side of the water pipe. It comprises an exchanger and a carbon dioxide recovery pipe for recovering carbon dioxide.

Further, in the invention corresponding to claim 2, in the carbon dioxide separator for compressing the exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide by the compressor to liquefy the carbon dioxide and separate it from other components, the suction side of the compressor And a liquefied natural gas heat exchanger for exchanging heat with the liquefied natural gas.

On the other hand, in the invention corresponding to claim 3, in the carbon dioxide separator for compressing the exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide by the compressor to liquefy the carbon dioxide and separate it from other components, the exhaust gas is compressed. A heat insulating pressure vessel for cooling is divided into two chambers by a heat permeable wall that is movably provided in the vessel axial direction and a liquefied natural gas introduction pipe for introducing liquefied natural gas is provided at the bottom of one chamber. Together with the vaporized natural gas discharge pipe for discharging the vaporized natural gas in the upper part of the room, and the exhaust gas introduction pipe and the exhaust gas discharge pipe for introducing and discharging the exhaust gas in the upper part of the other room, together with the room A liquefied carbon dioxide discharge pipe for discharging liquefied carbon dioxide is provided in the lower portion, and valves are provided in all of the above pipes.

Further, in the invention corresponding to claim 4, in the carbon dioxide separator for compressing the exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide by the compressor to liquefy the carbon dioxide and separate it from other components, the exhaust gas is compressed. A heat insulating pressure vessel for cooling is divided into two chambers by a heat permeable wall that is movably provided in the vessel axial direction and a liquefied natural gas introduction pipe for introducing liquefied natural gas is provided at the bottom of one chamber. Together with the vaporized natural gas discharge pipe for discharging the vaporized natural gas in the upper part of the room, and the exhaust gas introduction pipe and the exhaust gas discharge pipe for introducing and discharging the exhaust gas in the upper part of the other room, together with the room A liquefied carbon dioxide discharge pipe that discharges liquefied carbon dioxide is provided in the lower part, and valves are provided in all of the above pipes, respectively, and a pressure is set on the downstream side of the valve of the liquefied carbon dioxide discharge pipe. Comprising providing a pressure vessel for liquefied carbon dioxide storage having a minimum pressure valve to hold the value below.

Further, in the invention corresponding to claim 5, in a carbon dioxide separation device for compressing exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide by a compressor to liquefy carbon dioxide and separate it from other components, the exhaust gas is compressed. A heat insulating pressure vessel for cooling is divided into two chambers by a heat permeable wall that is movably provided in the vessel axial direction and a liquefied natural gas introduction pipe for introducing liquefied natural gas is provided at the bottom of one chamber. Together with the vaporized natural gas discharge pipe for discharging the vaporized natural gas in the upper part of the room, and the exhaust gas introduction pipe and the exhaust gas discharge pipe for introducing and discharging the exhaust gas in the upper part of the other room, together with the room A liquefied carbon dioxide discharge pipe for discharging liquefied carbon dioxide is provided in the lower part, and valves are provided in all of the above pipes, and a pressure is provided on the downstream side of the valve of the liquefied carbon dioxide discharge pipe. A pressure vessel for storing liquefied carbon dioxide having a pressure-holding valve for holding below a specified value is provided, a first impeller is provided downstream of the valve of the vaporized natural gas discharge pipe, and an upstream side of the valve of the exhaust gas introduction pipe is provided. Is provided with a second impeller that rotates using the torque of the first impeller as a driving force.

[0019]

Therefore, first, in the carbon dioxide separator of the invention corresponding to claim 1, a liquefied natural gas heat exchanger for exchanging heat with liquefied natural gas is provided upstream of the water pipe for introducing water or seawater, and By installing a gas introduction pipe for introducing exhaust gas, a seawater heat exchanger for exchanging heat with seawater, and a carbon dioxide recovery pipe for recovering carbon dioxide on the downstream side of the waterway pipe, heat of liquefied natural gas The carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas is absorbed in a large amount by increasing the solubility of carbon dioxide in the water or seawater whose temperature has been lowered by the exchange. Further, the solubility of carbon dioxide in water or seawater whose temperature has been raised by heat exchange with seawater is reduced, and carbon dioxide is released. Then, carbon dioxide is separated from the exhaust gas by collecting the released carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide collecting pipe.

As a result, inexhaustibly cheap water or seawater is used as an absorbent, and it is easy to operate at a low operating cost.
Further, carbon dioxide can be separated with a simple structure in which only a heat exchanger is provided.

Further, in the carbon dioxide separation device of the invention according to claim 2, a liquefied natural gas heat exchanger for exchanging heat with liquefied natural gas is provided on the suction side of the compressor for compressing the exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide. By providing, the temperature of the gas sucked into the compressor becomes low due to heat exchange with the liquefied natural gas.

As a result, the power required for the compressor is reduced, and carbon dioxide can be efficiently separated.

Further, in the carbon dioxide separator according to the inventions corresponding to claims 3 to 5, the adiabatic pressure vessel for compressing / cooling the exhaust gas is partitioned into two chambers by the movable heat-permeable wall, and one of the two chambers is divided. A liquefied natural gas introduction pipe for introducing liquefied natural gas is provided at the bottom of the room, a vaporized natural gas discharge pipe for discharging vaporized natural gas is provided at the top of the room, and exhaust gas is introduced and discharged at the top of the other room. With the exhaust gas introduction pipe and the exhaust gas discharge pipe, the liquefied carbon dioxide discharge pipe for discharging liquefied carbon dioxide at the bottom of the room, and the valves for all pipes, the liquefied natural gas introduced into one room The gas exchanges heat with the exhaust gas introduced into the other chamber through the heat permeable wall, vaporizes and expands. At this time, the heat-permeable wall moves and the carbon dioxide is compressed and liquefied, so that the carbon dioxide is separated from other components of the exhaust gas.

As a result, compression / liquefaction can be performed without using a compressor, so that the required power of the compressor is reduced and carbon dioxide can be efficiently separated.

[0025]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of a carbon dioxide separator according to the invention according to claim 1.

That is, as shown in FIG. 1, in the carbon dioxide separator of this embodiment, liquefied natural gas (hereinafter, liquefied natural gas) is provided on the upstream side of a water pipe 2 for introducing water or seawater (seawater in this example) 1. LNG heat exchanger 3 for exchanging heat with LNG), a gas introduction pipe 4 for introducing exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide from a thermal power plant (not shown), and a nitrogen gas discharge pipe 5 for discharging nitrogen gas, and Water channel piping 2
A seawater heat exchanger 6 for exchanging heat with seawater and a carbon dioxide recovery pipe 7 for recovering carbon dioxide are provided downstream of the above.

Next, the operation of the carbon dioxide separator according to this embodiment having the above structure will be described.

In a thermal power plant that uses natural gas as a fuel, natural gas is transported in a liquid state (-169 degrees Celsius), heat-exchanged with seawater to form a gas, and then supplied to a boiler. Therefore, the cold heat of LNG was not used.

Therefore, in the present carbon dioxide separator, this LNG is supplied to the LNG heat exchanger 3 to lower the temperature of the seawater 1 in the water pipe 2 to 0 degrees Celsius. LNG is gasified by the LNG heat exchanger 3 and supplied to the boiler.
Further, the exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide from the thermal power plant is fed into the seawater 1 having a temperature of 0 degree Celsius through the gas introduction pipe 4. Then, the temperature of the carbon dioxide is lowered, and the carbon dioxide is dissolved in the seawater 1 whose solubility is increased, and the nitrogen (N ₂ ) gas is directly discharged from the nitrogen gas discharge pipe 5 to the atmosphere.

Water channel piping 2 that exchanges heat with the LNG heat exchanger 3
Seawater 1 is heated up, and the annual average temperature is about 15 degrees Celsius, although there is some difference in the average annual temperature depending on the region. For this reason, the solubility of carbon dioxide is reduced and carbon dioxide is released. Then, the released carbon dioxide is recovered by the carbon dioxide recovery pipe 7 to separate the carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas.

In this case, the amount of carbon dioxide that can be separated by the present carbon dioxide separator is that the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved per 1 m ³ of seawater at 0 ° C. is 0 ° C. and the atmospheric pressure is 1.717 cm ³ .
Since the 1.071Cm ³ for seawater 1 of 15 degrees Celsius, the 0.646Cm ³ of the difference between them.

As described above, in the carbon dioxide separation device of this embodiment, L is provided on the upstream side of the water pipe 2 for introducing the seawater 1.
LNG heat exchanger 3 for heat exchange with NG, gas introduction pipe 4 for introducing exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide from a thermal power plant,
And a nitrogen gas discharge pipe 5 for discharging nitrogen gas, and a seawater heat exchanger 6 for exchanging heat with seawater and a carbon dioxide recovery pipe 7 for recovering carbon dioxide are provided on the downstream side of the water channel pipe 2. It was done.

Therefore, the inexhaustible and inexpensive seawater 1 is used as the absorbing liquid, and the temperature of the seawater 1 is lowered by utilizing the cold heat of LNG which has not been used so far to increase the solubility of carbon dioxide to absorb carbon dioxide. By lowering the temperature of seawater 1 by heat exchange with seawater to reduce the solubility of carbon dioxide, it becomes possible to separate carbon dioxide from exhaust gas by a simple method of releasing and recovering carbon dioxide. .

Since no power is required, the operating cost can be reduced.

Furthermore, it is possible to separate carbon dioxide with a simple structure in which only the heat exchangers 3 and 6 are provided.

As described above, the inexhaustibly cheap water or seawater is used as the absorbing liquid, and it is easy to operate at a low operating cost.
Further, carbon dioxide can be separated with a simple structure in which only the heat exchangers 3 and 6 are provided.

Next, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a structural example of a carbon dioxide separator according to the invention corresponding to claim 2.

That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the carbon dioxide separator according to the present embodiment has a compressor 11 for compressing exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide from a thermal power plant (not shown), and a suction pipe 11a on its suction side. And a discharge pipe 11b on the discharge side, an exhaust gas introduction pipe (not shown) is connected to the suction pipe 11a, a liquefaction separator (not shown) is connected to the discharge pipe 11b, and the LNG is connected to the suction side of the compressor 11. The LNG heat exchanger 12 for exchanging heat with is provided.

Next, the operation of the carbon dioxide separator according to this embodiment having the above structure will be described.

In a thermal power plant that uses natural gas as a fuel, natural gas is transported in a liquid state (-169 degrees Celsius), heat-exchanged with seawater to form a gas, and then supplied to a boiler. Therefore, the cold heat of LNG was not used.

Therefore, in the present carbon dioxide separator, this LNG is supplied to the LNG heat exchanger 12 and the exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide in the suction pipe 11a is cooled by heat exchange with the liquefied natural gas. LNG is the LNG heat exchanger 12
It becomes gaseous and is supplied to the boiler.

In this case, the required power of the compressor 11 is expressed by the following equation, taking simple isothermal compression as an example.

W = 2.3 × R × T ₁ × log (v ₁ / v ₂ ) where R is a gas constant, T ₁ is a suction temperature of the compressor 11,
v ₁ and v ₂ are volumes.

As is clear from this equation, the required power of the compressor 11 is proportional to its suction temperature T ₁ . In the present carbon dioxide separator, the exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide is cooled, so that the required power of the compressor 11 is reduced. Moreover,
This cooling can be performed by utilizing the cold heat of LNG which has not been used conventionally.

As described above, the carbon dioxide separator according to this embodiment has the suction pipe 11a on the suction side of the compressor 11 for compressing the exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide from the thermal power plant.
And a discharge pipe 11b on the discharge side, an exhaust gas introduction pipe is connected to the suction pipe 11a, a liquefaction separator is connected to the discharge pipe 11b, and heat is exchanged with LNG on the suction side of the compressor 11. The LNG heat exchanger 12 is provided and configured.

Therefore, LNG which has not been used conventionally
In order to cool the temperature of the exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide on the suction side of the compressor 11 by heat exchange with the liquefied natural gas using the cold heat of, the carbon dioxide is separated from the exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide from the thermal power plant. It is possible to separate carbon dioxide while increasing energy efficiency by reducing the required power of the compressor in the distillation method which is one of the methods.

The above-mentioned chemical absorption method, physical adsorption method,
The required power of the compressor when liquefying carbon dioxide separated by another separation method such as a membrane separation method can be similarly reduced.

Next, FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a structural example of a carbon dioxide separator according to the invention corresponding to claims 3 and 4.

That is, in FIG. 3, an adiabatic pressure vessel 31 for compressing and cooling exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide from a thermal power plant (not shown) has a heat permeable wall 32 for transmitting heat.
Thus, the exhaust gas compression chamber 33 and the LNG expansion chamber 34 are partitioned into two chambers. The heat-permeable wall 32 is constituted by a bellows 36 as shown in FIG. 4, for example, so as to be movable in the axial direction of the container, that is, in the direction of the arrow 35 in the figure while keeping the airtightness of both chambers.

Further, an exhaust gas introduction pipe 37 and an exhaust gas discharge pipe 38 for introducing and discharging the exhaust gas are provided above the exhaust gas compression chamber 33, and liquefied carbon dioxide is discharged to the lower portion of the exhaust gas compression chamber 33. A liquefied carbon dioxide discharge pipe 39 is provided, and the LN expansion chamber 34 is provided below the LN expansion chamber 34.
LNG introduction pipe 310 for introducing G is provided, and L
A vaporized natural gas discharge pipe 311 for discharging vaporized natural gas is provided above the NG expansion chamber 34.

Further, the exhaust gas introduction pipe 37, the exhaust gas discharge pipe 38, the liquefied carbon dioxide discharge pipe 39, the LN
G introduction pipe 310 and vaporized natural gas discharge pipe 311
And valves 312, 313, 314, 315, respectively.
316 is provided.

Furthermore, the liquefied carbon dioxide discharge pipe 39
A pressure vessel 318 for storing liquefied carbon dioxide having a pressure holding valve 317 for keeping the pressure below a specified value and a safety valve (not shown) is provided on the downstream side of the valve 314.

Next, the operation of the carbon dioxide separator according to this embodiment having the above structure will be described.

In a thermal power plant that uses natural gas as a fuel, natural gas is transported in a liquid state (-169 degrees Celsius), heat-exchanged with seawater to form a gas, and then supplied to a boiler. Therefore, the cold heat of LNG was not used.

Therefore, in this carbon dioxide separator, the LN
The cooling and expansion energy of G is used to cool and compress the exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide to separate and remove carbon dioxide.

That is, the exhaust gas 319 is introduced into the exhaust gas compression chamber 33 from the exhaust gas introduction pipe 37, and L
In the NG expansion chamber 34, from the LNG introduction pipe 310,
LNG320 of 169 degrees is introduced, and heat is exchanged through the heat-permeable wall 32.

At this time, since the LNG 320 vaporizes and expands and the pressure rises, the heat-permeable wall 32 moves to move the exhaust gas 31.
Compress 9. On the other hand, the exhaust gas 319 is cooled and compressed,
When the partial pressure of carbon dioxide becomes large enough, it will condense. The liquefied carbon dioxide 321 accumulates in the lower portion of the exhaust gas compression chamber 33 and is separated from the exhaust gas 322 containing no carbon dioxide.

The liquefied carbon dioxide 321 is discharged from the liquefied carbon dioxide discharge pipe 39, and the liquefied carbon dioxide discharge pipe 3 is discharged.
Pressure vessel 31 for liquefied carbon dioxide storage installed downstream of 9
Stored at 8. The pressure maintaining valve 317 holds the pressure in the liquefied carbon dioxide storage pressure container 318 at a constant value so that the liquefied carbon dioxide 321 does not flow backward when the valve 314 is opened. Also, exhaust gas 322 that does not contain carbon dioxide
Is discharged from the exhaust gas discharge pipe 38. Further, the vaporized natural gas 323 is discharged from the vaporized natural gas discharge pipe 311.

In the operation of the apparatus as described above, a certain amount of exhaust gas 319 and LNG 320 are introduced into the adiabatic pressure vessel 31, all valves 312 to 316 are closed to liquefy and separate carbon dioxide, and then the valve 313 is used. Exhaust gas 322 that does not contain carbon dioxide that has become high pressure by opening 316
This cycle is repeated with one cycle until the vaporized natural gas 323 is discharged.

As described above, in the carbon dioxide separation device of this embodiment, the heat insulating pressure vessel 31 for compressing and cooling the exhaust gas 319 containing carbon dioxide from the thermal power plant is movable in the vessel axial direction. It is divided into two chambers by a heat-permeable wall 32 that transmits heat, and an LNG introduction pipe 310 for introducing the LNG 320 is provided in the lower part of one room, and vaporized natural gas 323 is ejected for ejecting vaporized natural gas 323 to the upper part of the room. A pipe 311 is provided, and exhaust gas 319 is provided on the upper part of the other room.
And 322 for introducing and discharging exhaust gas introduction pipe 3
7 and the exhaust gas exhaust pipe 38, a liquefied carbon dioxide discharge pipe 39 for discharging the liquefied carbon dioxide 321 is provided in the lower part of the room, and valves 31 are provided for all the pipes.
2 to 316 are provided respectively, and liquefied carbon dioxide discharge pipe 3
The liquefied carbon dioxide storage pressure vessel 318 having a pressure holding valve 317 for keeping the pressure below a specified value is provided on the downstream side of the No. 9 valve 314.

Therefore, LNG which has not been used conventionally
Since the exhaust gas 319 is cooled by the latent heat at the time of vaporization and compressed by the pressure of expansion, the carbon dioxide can be liquefied and separated and removed from the exhaust gas 319.

As a result, the compressed liquefaction can be carried out without using the compressor conventionally required for the liquefaction, so that it is possible to easily separate a large amount of carbon dioxide while reducing the required power and improving the energy efficiency. Becomes

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but can be implemented in the same manner as described below.

(A) FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of a carbon dioxide separator according to the invention corresponding to claim 5,
The same parts as those in FIG. 4 are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.

That is, in the carbon dioxide separator of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the first impeller 32 is provided downstream of the valve 316 of the vaporized natural gas discharge pipe 311 in FIG.
4 is provided, and the valve 31 of the exhaust gas introduction pipe 37 is provided.
A second impeller 325 that rotates using the torque of the first impeller 324 as a driving force is provided on the upstream side of 2.

In the carbon dioxide separator of this embodiment, when the valve 316 is opened after the compression is completed, the first impeller 324 is rotated by the vaporized natural gas 323 released at a high pressure, and the first impeller 324 is rotated. The torque obtained by the rotation of the wheel 324 is transmitted to the second impeller 325. Then, using this driving force, the second impeller 325 is rotated to discharge the vaporized natural gas 323, and at the same time, the exhaust gas 319 containing carbon dioxide from the thermal power plant is discharged into the exhaust gas compression chamber 33.
To introduce.

Also in the carbon dioxide separator of this embodiment, it is possible to obtain the same effects as those of the above-mentioned respective embodiments.

(B) In the embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4, the pressure vessel 318 for storing liquefied carbon dioxide, the first impeller 324, and the second impeller 325 are not essential elements for the present invention. It should be provided if necessary.

[0070]

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the required power of the compressor, efficiently, and easily and easily separate carbon dioxide at a low operating cost. An extremely reliable carbon dioxide separator can be provided.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a carbon dioxide separator according to the invention corresponding to claim 1. FIG.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a carbon dioxide separator according to the invention corresponding to claim 2.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a carbon dioxide separator according to the invention corresponding to claims 3 and 4.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a heat permeable wall in the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a carbon dioxide separator according to the invention corresponding to claim 5.

FIG. 6 is a state diagram of carbon dioxide.

[Explanation of Codes] 1 ... Seawater, 2 ... Water pipe, 3 ... LNG heat exchanger, 4 ... Gas introduction pipe, 5 ... Nitrogen gas discharge pipe, 6 ... Seawater heat exchanger,
7 ... Carbon dioxide recovery pipe, 11 ... Compressor, 11a ... Suction pipe, 11b ... Discharge pipe, 12 ... LNG heat exchanger, 31
... Adiabatic pressure vessel, 32 ... Heat permeable wall, 33 ... Exhaust gas compression chamber, 34 ... LNG expansion chamber, 35 ... Moving direction of heat permeable wall 32, 36 ... Bellows, 37 ... Exhaust gas introduction pipe, 38 ...
Exhaust gas exhaust pipe, 39 ... Liquefied carbon dioxide discharge pipe, 3
10 ... LNG introduction pipe, 311 ... Vaporized natural gas discharge pipe, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316 ... Valve, 317 ... Pressure holding valve, 318 ... Liquefied carbon dioxide storage pressure vessel, 319 ... Exhaust gas, 320 ... LNG, 321 ...
Liquefied carbon dioxide, 322 ... Carbon dioxide-free exhaust gas, 323 ... Vaporized natural gas, 324 ... First impeller, 3
25 ... Second impeller.

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. In a carbon dioxide separator for separating carbon dioxide from exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide, a water pipe for introducing water or seawater, and a water pipe provided upstream of the water pipe for exchanging heat with liquefied natural gas. Liquefied natural gas heat exchanger, gas introduction pipe for introducing the exhaust gas, seawater heat exchanger provided downstream of the water pipe for heat exchange with seawater, and carbon dioxide recovery pipe for recovering the carbon dioxide And a carbon dioxide separation device comprising: 2. A carbon dioxide separation device for compressing exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide by a compressor to liquefy the carbon dioxide and separate it from other components, wherein liquefied natural gas and heat are provided on the suction side of the compressor. A carbon dioxide separator characterized by comprising a liquefied natural gas heat exchanger to be exchanged. 3. A carbon dioxide separator for compressing exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide by a compressor to liquefy the carbon dioxide and separate it from other components, which is an adiabatic pressure vessel for compressing and cooling the exhaust gas. To
It is divided into two chambers by a heat-permeable wall that is movably provided in the axial direction of the container and transmits heat, and a liquefied natural gas introduction pipe for introducing liquefied natural gas is provided at the lower part of the one chamber and vaporized at the upper part of the chamber. A vaporized natural gas discharge pipe for discharging natural gas is provided, and an exhaust gas introduction pipe and an exhaust gas discharge pipe for introducing and discharging the exhaust gas are provided at the upper part of the other room, and liquefied carbon dioxide is provided at the lower part of the room. A liquefied carbon dioxide discharge pipe for discharging is provided, and a valve is provided for each of the above pipes. 4. A carbon dioxide separator for compressing exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide by a compressor to liquefy the carbon dioxide and separate it from other components, which is an adiabatic pressure vessel for compressing and cooling the exhaust gas. To
It is divided into two chambers by a heat-permeable wall that is movably provided in the axial direction of the container and transmits heat, and a liquefied natural gas introduction pipe for introducing liquefied natural gas is provided at the lower part of the one chamber and vaporized at the upper part of the chamber. A vaporized natural gas discharge pipe for discharging natural gas is provided, and an exhaust gas introduction pipe and an exhaust gas discharge pipe for introducing and discharging the exhaust gas are provided at the upper part of the other room, and liquefied carbon dioxide is provided at the lower part of the room. A liquefied carbon dioxide discharge pipe for discharging is provided, a valve is provided for each of the pipes, and a liquefied carbon dioxide storage pipe having a pressure-holding valve for holding the pressure below a specified value is provided on the downstream side of the valve of the liquefied carbon dioxide discharge pipe. A carbon dioxide separation device, characterized in that it is provided with a pressure vessel. 5. A carbon dioxide separator for compressing exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide by a compressor to liquefy the carbon dioxide and separate it from other components, which is an adiabatic pressure vessel for compressing and cooling the exhaust gas. To
It is divided into two chambers by a heat-permeable wall that is movably provided in the axial direction of the container and transmits heat, and a liquefied natural gas introduction pipe for introducing liquefied natural gas is provided at the lower part of the one chamber and vaporized at the upper part of the chamber. A vaporized natural gas discharge pipe for discharging natural gas is provided, and an exhaust gas introduction pipe and an exhaust gas discharge pipe for introducing and discharging the exhaust gas are provided at the upper part of the other room, and liquefied carbon dioxide is provided at the lower part of the room. A liquefied carbon dioxide discharge pipe for discharging is provided, a valve is provided for each of the pipes, and a liquefied carbon dioxide storage pipe having a pressure-holding valve for holding the pressure below a specified value is provided on the downstream side of the valve of the liquefied carbon dioxide discharge pipe. A pressure vessel is provided, a first impeller is provided on the downstream side of the valve of the vaporized natural gas discharge pipe, and the first impeller is provided on the upstream side of the valve of the exhaust gas introduction pipe. Carbon dioxide separation apparatus characterized by comprising a torque of the impeller by providing a second impeller which rotates as a driving force.