JPH07121177B2 - Watering method and watering equipment for mushroom cultivation - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a watering method and a watering apparatus for mushroom cultivation, and more particularly to a cultivation method and a watering apparatus for supplying water to the floor surface of germinated bacteria of a mushroom medium during mushroom cultivation.

[0002]

[Prior Art and Problems] In the artificial cultivation of mushrooms, generally, inoculation with inoculum is carried out until the hyphae grow in the whole culture medium in the culture chamber, and then the culture bottle is taken out from the culture chamber to cover the inside of the bottle mouth. Scratch out dead sterilization, maintain the fungal bed surface where fruiting bodies occur,
After that, sprouting is carried out in the germination chamber, and the stem length is made uniform through a low temperature suppressing step, and the stems are grown in the growing chamber. Although the water content of the culture medium was initially adjusted to 60 to 65%, a considerable amount of water was consumed at the time when the culture process was completed, and germination is poor if the fungal bed surface is dried, so It is common to rehydrate the fungal bed surface before entering. This hydration has conventionally been performed by spraying mist-like water from above the culture bottle using a water heater while paying attention to the amount of water sprayed. However, excess water is often added, and it often accumulates at the bottom and causes root rot.To avoid this, each time the excess water entered, the bottle was turned over to remove the extra water. .

Further, even if the amount of water added is not so large as to cause root rot, it tends to enter through the holes for inoculation of the inoculum to reach the bottom, and the entire surface of the inoculum does not absorb water evenly. As a result of the difference in water content depending on the location of the fungal bed, the growth of the fruiting body will be different even on the fungal bed of the same bottle.
The stem length was often not constant. Furthermore, there is a problem in that a considerable amount of medium residue or dust remains on the surface of the fungus such as after scraping the fungus, and these adhere to the caps and stems of the mushrooms, reducing the commercial value. Conventionally, there has been a problem that a laborious work such as removing the culture medium residue and dust of these fungal beds with a spatula or blowing them off with an air jet has to be performed.

[0004]

[Object] The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to easily and quickly replenish a desired amount of water to a fungal bed surface before germination, and Watering is performed so that average growth can be performed from the whole, and
An object of the present invention is to provide a method capable of cultivating a mushroom having a high commercial value in which the residue of cultivated base remaining in the bottle mouth and the dust are not stuck to the cap portion and the stem portion with high yield.

[0005]

The gist of the present invention is that the culture bottle after the mycelial culture step is inverted and water is sprayed from below toward the mouth of the bottle to spontaneously release excess water. It is a watering method in mushroom cultivation characterized by the above. The watering method according to the present invention may be any method as long as the fungus body is inoculated with the inoculum and the fruiting body is grown after the hyphal elongation. Most commonly, it is applied to enoki mushrooms, but may be shimeji mushroom, shimeji mushroom, hiratake mushroom, maitake mushroom, nameko mushroom, or the like.

[0006] In the following, an enoki mushroom will be mainly described as an example. As the culture bottle, a plastic wide-mouthed culture bottle is usually used. However, regardless of the form such as a bag, a box or a bowl, a culture medium is used. Anything can be used as long as it can contain. The culture medium is generally made by mixing kneaded sawdust and rice bran with water to a water content of 60 to 65%, and this is filled in a culture bottle. In addition to such materials, the culture medium may be corncob or any other material. In general, fairness 3-31155
As shown in Japanese Patent Publication, when bottling a culture medium, it is mechanically performed to make a hole in the center of the culture medium in order to promote bacterial growth and to level the fungus surface on which the fruiting bodies germinate. .

Next, in order to eliminate various bacteria, it is sterilized at a high temperature in a sterilization pot. After sterilization, the culture bottle is inoculated with the inoculum. The inoculum is cultivated in the same medium as the medium in the agar or the culture bottle, and the inoculum itself cannot be seen in appearance except for the hyphae. It is desirable that such an inoculum be properly placed in the hole at the center of the culture medium and that it be left on the surface of the fungus bed at the mouth of the bottle. In this way, the cultivated mushrooms are transported to the culture room, for example, at a temperature of 16 to 18 ° C. and a humidity of 70 to 75%, for 20 to 25 days in the case of enoki mushrooms and 24 in the case of shimeji mushrooms.
Culture for ~ 28 days. The end of the culturing step is when it is confirmed that the hyphae extend to the whole culture medium. When the culture is completed, the scraping work is performed. In the case of enoki mushrooms, the scraping work is to remove the film-like dead sterilization layer covering the surface of the fungus floor of the bottle mouth and the surface of the central hole. In the case of this shimeji mushroom, the hypha around it is removed leaving the center. However, depending on the cultivation method, fungus scraping is not essential. This operation is performed by reversing the container in which one or more culture bottles are stored, inserting the scraping tool from below, and rotating the container.

In the present invention, following this step or immediately after the culturing step is completed, the culture bottle is inverted and water is sprayed toward the fungal bed surface and hole of the opening by means of a sprinkling nozzle or the like. As the device, a watering device for mushroom cultivation having a reversing device for reversing a container accommodating a culture bottle and a sprinkling device for spraying water through a sprinkling nozzle into the mouth of the reversed culture bottle is used. The reversing device may be any device, and may also serve as the reversing device for work. Further, it is desirable that the water sprinkler having the water sprinkling nozzle be mounted vertically below the pedestal having the reversing device, but the water sprinkling device and the reversing device may be separated and contacted relatively. In the case of an ordinary culture bottle, water may be sprayed for about 2 to 20 seconds, and the amount of water sprayed is appropriately selected within a range in which a certain amount of water flows down from the bottle mouth after water spraying. As for the spraying method, water may be sprayed directly from the hose or the like mainly to the surface of the culture substrate and inside the holes by using an appropriate water spray nozzle, but it may be shower-like or mist-like. After spraying water, the sprayed water flows down from the mouth of the bottle by its own weight and most of it is discharged from the inside of the bottle mouth, so-called draining or spontaneous release of extra water is performed, and then the culture bottle is rotated normally, It is transported to the sprout chamber of the fruiting body and artificially cultivated by the usual method. In order to carry out the above method, a watering device in mushroom cultivation having a reversing device for reversing the container holding the culture bottle and a sprinkling device for spraying water through the sprinkling nozzle in the mouth of the reversed culture bottle is used. To be done.

[0009]

[Function] In the bottle mouth of the culture bottle after sprinkling water, water permeates to the surface of the fungus and the surface of the hole to a certain depth, and water is replenished for the growth of fruiting bodies. The floor surface becomes soft as a whole. In addition, the sprayed water is sprayed onto the surface of the fungus surface and then spontaneously released from the bottom by its own weight. At that time, it is also released together with the residue and trash of the medium remaining after the work. .

[0010]

[Examples] 320 culture bottles containing 800 cc were filled with culture medium, stored in 20 cases containing 16 bottles, sterilized, inoculated with inoculum of Enoki mushroom, and cultured for 20 days in hyphae. After inverting the culture bottle with the container and scraping the dead sterilization,
The container 4 containing the culture bottle 3 is inverted by the reversing device 2 of the device body 1 shown in FIG. 1, the water sprinkling device 5 is raised from the bottom along the rack, and the water sprinkling nozzle 6 is brought close to the bottle mouth 7 and then the bottle mouth 7 2 cc of water was sprinkled in each bottle. The reversing device 2 is composed of a pressing member provided with a rotating frame and an elastic pressure means located on the rotating frame, and is sandwiched between both means at the time of reversing. Water was sent from the pump 8 to the sprinkling nozzle 6 via the hose 9, and after confirming that the water was drained after that, each step of suppressing and growing was carried out to harvest the enoki mushroom.

For comparison, the same number of tests was carried out by a conventional method not carrying out the method of the present invention. As a result of quality inspection of each harvested product, in the case of the present invention, the total harvest weight was 155 g, whereas in the case of the conventional method, it was 130 g. Further, in the present invention, only 5 grown mushrooms were malformed due to clogging of culture residue and dust, which made them unsuitable for shipment. Was irregularly shaped and was evaluated as unsuitable for shipping. Furthermore,
In the present invention, the stalk diameter and the stalk length were constant throughout, and in the 5-step evaluation of this point, the evaluation point 5 was 98% of the total number of culture bottles, whereas it was 85% in the conventional method.

[0012]

[Effect] The present invention is a bottle mouth of a culture bottle inverted as described above.
Since it only waits for its natural release after sprinkling water from underneath, it can not only perform the watering work quickly, unlike the careful and slow supply of atomized water, but also improve the product quality. The effect is remarkable. That is , in the present invention, the culture bottle is turned upside down to open the opening, and in that state, water is sprinkled from the bottom toward the mouth of the bottle, and the extra water that cannot be absorbed by the bacterial bed is naturally released to the outside by its own weight. . Water collides intricately in the bottle mouth,
Since the surface of the microbial bed is uniformly and hydrated to an appropriate depth , fruiting bodies do not grow on average and excess water does not accumulate to cause root rot. In addition, by sprinkling and releasing water, the culture medium residue and dust that have adhered to the fungal bed surface are removed at the same time, so the fungus bed surface becomes clean without the need for cleaning the fungal bed surface, Mushrooms that germinate from here do not grow deformed or irregular due to the residue of culture medium and dust sticking to their shades and stems.
Good products can be obtained with a high probability. on the other hand,
The mechanical device for carrying out the present invention also inverts the culture bottle together with the container and sprays water into the mouth, so that excess water is automatically removed downward, and a quick and appropriate amount of water can be applied. is there.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of a mechanical device according to the present invention.

[Explanation of sign]

1-apparatus main body, 2-inversion device, 3-culture bottle, 4-container, 5-sprinkler, 6-sprinkler nozzle, 7-bottle mouth, 8-pump, 9-hose

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A method for adding water in mushroom cultivation, which comprises inverting a culture bottle that has undergone a mycelial culture step, spraying water from below toward the mouth of the bottle, and allowing the water to be naturally released. 2. A watering device for mushroom cultivation comprising a reversing device for reversing a container accommodating a culture bottle and a sprinkling device for sprinkling water through a sprinkling nozzle into the mouth of the reversed culture bottle.