JPH069970A - Synthetic diesel oil - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To obtain a synthetic diesel oil which is useful in very cold regions and which is superior in ignition property and firing efficiency by comprising respective specified quantities of heavy benzol, kerosene and a cetane number modifier.

CONSTITUTION: The synthetic diesel oil comprises 35-60 pts.vol. of a heavy benzol, 20-35 parts of a kerosene, and 2-27 pts.vol. of one or more cetane number modifier(s) selected pref. from among nitrates, nitrites, nitroalknes, isomerized hydrocarbons, natural light diesel oils and heavy diesel oils, and pref. furthermore 0.01-3 pts.vol. of a freezing point depressor (e.g.: ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer).

COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a synthetic diesel oil which is particularly suitable for use in diesel engines in cold regions as well as in ordinary regions.

[0002]

Most of the diesel oil used as fuel is obtained by refining petroleum. The product is limited by oil reserves. With the development of industry, agriculture, telecommunications and transportation and the improvement of people's living standards, the contradiction between supply and demand for diesel oil is becoming more and more remarkable. To solve this problem, synthetic liquid fuels have recently appeared in China and other countries. U.S. Pat. No. 4,336,36
023, 4,300,912, 4,298,352
One of these liquid fuels uses methanol as the main feedstock and may be used as a substitute for natural gasoline or diesel oil, as shown in the specification and Chinese patent application No. 87104075. In these, the main components of the formulation include hydrocarbons, polyoxyalkylene mixtures, polyethylene glycol liquids, etc. in addition to methanol, ethanol or butanol. The disadvantages of this type of fuel are: the starting material is an expensive and currently low supply of raw material chemical; the product is not completely burned, resulting in insufficient power, black smoke Exhausts; poor climbing and overload performance; and corrosive and wear effects on the engine.

The second type of fuel is US Pat.
No. 3,411, Chinese patent application No. 88109773
It is a synthetic diesel oil using refined tar oil as a main raw material as shown in Japanese Patent No. 90101391 and Chinese Patent Application No. 90101391. In these, the ingredients of the formulation include kerosene and small amounts of alcohols, ethers or alkyl nitrates, etc. in addition to refined tar oil. Although the main feedstock is easy to obtain, synthetic diesel oils of this type still have drawbacks such as poor combustion performance, air pollution from exhausted black smoke, and wear effects on the engine. Therefore, the above two types of synthetic fuel are
In fact, it has not been widely used until now. The third type of fuel is a synthetic liquid fuel prepared by mixing toluene as a main raw material with alcohol, and is the closest to that of the present invention. It has working performance close to that of gasoline and is suitable for use in gasoline internal combustion engines.

[0004]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a synthetic diesel oil which contains heavy benzene (heavy benzene-based material) as a main component and is particularly suitable for use in a high cold region. With the goal.

[0005]

The synthetic diesel oil of the present invention comprises 35-60 parts by volume of heavy benzene, 20 parts of kerosene.
-35 parts by volume and a cetane number improver 2-27 parts by volume.

The synthetic diesel oil according to the present invention comprises 35-
It contains 60 parts by volume heavy benzene, 20-35 parts by volume kerosene, and 2-27 parts by volume cetane improver.

Heavy benzol, the main constituent and by-product of petroleum refining and coking plants, is a mixture of mesitylene, indene and benzofuran, and is produced by distillation of crude benzol, a residue of the petroleum industry.
It can be obtained at a low price as a distillate at 200 ° C. Heavy benzene is preferably added in an amount of 38-43 parts by volume.

The kerosene used in the present invention may be decomposed kerosene or lamp kerosene depending on the freezing point of the intended product. In general, it is preferable to use decomposed kerosene for products having a low freezing point and to use kerosene for lighting for products having a high freezing point. Kerosene mainly serves as an initiator in the present invention, but decomposed kerosene also has a function of lowering the freezing point to some extent. Kerosene is preferably added in an amount of 24-30 parts by volume.

The cetane improvers used in the present invention include nitrates or nitrites such as pentyl nitrate or isopentyl nitrite; nitroalkanes such as nitrobutane or nitrooctane; or isomeric hydrocarbons, natural light diesel oil or heavy. It may be one or two substances selected from diesel oil. This may be added in a suitable amount of modifier to adjust the cetane number of the synthetic diesel oil to be 20-50. The amount of the improver added is generally 20 parts or more for natural diesel oil and 1 for the other substances mentioned above.
It is 0 or less. Preferably 20-27 parts of natural diesel oil is added as improver and 2-10 parts of other substances added as improver. From a commercial point of view,
It is cheaper to use natural diesel oil as a cetane improver. Generally, for low speed and high speed diesel engines, it is preferred to use heavy and light diesel oils, respectively, to adjust the cetane number.

According to the present invention, the synthetic diesel oil may contain a freezing point depressant. The freezing point depressant used in synthetic diesel oil can be any material selected from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers or alkylnaphthalenes. GB 25 if no freezing point depressant is added
No. 2-87. A freezing point corresponding to that of diesel oil No. 0 diesel oil was obtained, while the addition of about 0.01-3 parts by volume of the freezing point depressant each gave a No. -10, -20,
Synthetic diesel oils are obtained with freezing points corresponding to those of diesel oils of -35, -50 or higher.

The method for producing the diesel oil of the present invention is simple and general. The method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing the selected raw materials (2) adding a small amount of precipitant (3) stirring the mixture in a conventional manner (4) centrifuging the mixture, or Allow to stand (5) Filter by a conventional method.

The precipitating agent used in the present method is for promoting precipitation of impurities. It can be selected from sodium hydroxide or sodium dihydrogen phosphate,
Preferred is sodium dihydrogen phosphate. The precipitating agent is preferably in the form of a crystalline solid having an industrial purity of 98% or more, and is added directly to the mixed solution of the components of the synthetic diesel oil during the preparation process by 0.1-based on the total weight of the components of the synthetic diesel oil. It is added in an amount of 0.5%.

The stirring step may take a few minutes or more. If the mixture is processed in a centrifuge, the centrifugation step takes less time. Alternatively, the mixture may be allowed to stand for several days before the filtration step. The method is carried out at room temperature or slightly lower temperature and atmospheric pressure.

[0014]

Example 1 380 L of heavy benzol, 350 L of kerosene for light and 270 L of light diesel oil were mixed in a 1500 L vessel at a temperature of 18 ° C. 5 kg of crystalline solid sodium hydroxide with an industrial purity of 98% was added to the mixture. The mixture was stirred with a conventional electric stirrer for about 10 minutes and the mixture was allowed to stand for 72 hours. After filtering the mixture, about 1000 L of the resulting product was a reddish brown transparent liquid.

No. GB 252-87 No. Synthetic diesel oil corresponding to 0 synthetic diesel oil was prepared according to the above method. In a quality test, this was used as sample oil No. Displayed as 1.

[0016] Samples were prepared in Example 2 in the same manner as in Example 1. The starting material contained 60 L of heavy benzol, 34 L of kerosene for lamp, 4.6 L of pentyl nitrate, and 1.4 L of alkylnaphthalene. 0.1% by weight of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, based on the total weight of the starting materials, was added.

No. GB 252-87 No. Synthetic diesel oil corresponding to -10 synthetic diesel oil was prepared according to the above method. In a quality test, this was used as sample oil No. Two
Was displayed.

Example 3 A sample was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. Starting material is 55
L heavy benzol, 35 L decomposed kerosene, 4.5 L
Of nitrobutane, 3.0 L of nitrooctane, and 2.5 L of alkylnaphthalene. Similarly, 0.1% by weight of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, based on the total weight of all starting materials, was added.

No. GB 252-87 No. A synthetic diesel oil corresponding to -20 synthetic diesel oil was prepared according to the above method. In a quality test, this was used as sample oil No. Three
Was displayed.

Example 4 A sample was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. Starting material is 45
L heavy benzol, 34 L decomposed kerosene, 20.7
L heavy diesel oil, and 0.2 L ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Similarly, 0.3% by weight of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, based on the total weight of all starting materials, was added.

GB 252-87 No. A synthetic diesel oil corresponding to -35 synthetic diesel oil was prepared according to the above method. In a quality test, this was used as sample oil No. Four
Was displayed. This product is suitable for use in low speed diesel engines in winter.

Example 5 A sample was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. 50 starting materials
L heavy benzol, 27.6 L decomposed kerosene, 22
L light diesel oil, and 0.4 L ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Similarly, 0.2% by weight of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, based on the total weight of all starting materials, was added.

No. GB 252-87 No. A synthetic diesel oil corresponding to -35 synthetic diesel oil was prepared according to the above method. In a quality test, this was used as sample oil No. 5
Was displayed. This product is suitable for use in high speed diesel engines in winter and cold regions.

Example 6 A sample was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. Starting material is 4
2.5 L heavy benzene, 30 L decomposed kerosene, 2
7 L of light diesel oil, and 0.5 L of ethylene-
It was a vinyl acetate copolymer. Similarly, 0.2% by weight of sodium hydroxide was added, based on the total weight of the starting materials.

No. GB 252-87 No. Synthetic diesel oil corresponding to -50 synthetic diesel oil was prepared according to the above method. In a quality test, this was used as sample oil No. 6
Was displayed. This product is suitable for use in high speed diesel engines in winter and ultra-cold regions.

The sample oils of Examples 1-6 were tested for quality index, freezing point; low temperature filtration point; pour point; flash point, density and kinematic viscosity; sulfur, carbon, water and mechanical impurities content; acidity. And alkalinity; corrosivity;
Color and cetane number are shown in Table 1. These data represent that the explicit indices for future diesel oils were essentially achieved.

Sample oil No. 4 and No. 5 tons of synthetic diesel oil, 6 tons of "Hino" truck, 4 tons of "Hino"
Isuzu "truck and walkable tractor (walk)
ing tractor) and load 100k each
A running test of m and 500 km was conducted. Startability, power, fuel consumption per 100 km, exhaust smoke condition,
And engine parts were tested for corrosion and wear. The results show that: The starting sensitivity is 1-2 times that of natural diesel oil. In particular, a walking tractor can use this fuel for -8
It can start normally even at a low temperature of about 0 ° C, and is clearly superior to that of natural diesel oil in startability; Power characteristics measured by running at no load, full load and overload respectively, fuel combustion is uniform,
Shows that running is smooth and normal running is achieved with all three gears at a tilt angle of 17 °; 3. Fuel consumption per 100km is slightly less than that of natural diesel oil . The measured data are as follows: for a 5 ton "Isuzu" truck, synthetic data oil is 13.5L / 100km, natural diesel oil is 14L / 100km, and for 6 ton "Hino" truck. , 17.5 for synthetic diesel oil
L / 100km, natural diesel oil 18L / 100k
m. 4. The amount of exhaust smoke is national standard (National Sta
ndard). 4. No dust or soot could be detected by visual observation; After the running test, no abnormality was found in the inspection of the fuel injector, the fuel pipe of the high-pressure pump, and the rubber ring of the injector.

[0028]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The fuel of the present invention has an appropriate cetane number, good ignitability, high combustion efficiency, small amount of exhaust smoke, moderate freezing point and viscosity, water and mechanical impurities. Is not included, the preparation method and equipment are simple, and the synthetic diesel oil of the present invention can be prepared at a low price because it is easily obtained from debris in the petrochemical industry, and has a considerably strong competitiveness in the market. It offers a number of advantages.

[0029]

[Table 1] Quality index data measured for the sample oils of Examples 1-6

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. 35-60 parts by volume of heavy benzol, 2
Synthetic diesel oil comprising 0-35 parts by volume kerosene and 2-27 parts by volume cetane improver. 2. The synthetic diesel oil of claim 1, wherein the synthetic diesel oil comprises 0.01-3 parts by volume freezing point depressant. 3. The cetane number improver is one or two selected from the group consisting of nitrate, nitrite, nitroalkane, isomer hydrocarbon, natural light diesel oil and heavy diesel oil. Synthetic diesel oil described in. 4. The cetane number improver is preferably a natural light diesel oil or a natural heavy diesel oil,
The synthetic diesel oil according to claim 3. 5. The synthetic diesel oil according to claim 2, wherein the freezing point depressant is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or alkylnaphthalene. 6. The synthetic diesel oil of claim 1, wherein the heavy benzene is 38-43 parts by volume. 7. The synthetic diesel oil according to claim 1, wherein the kerosene is 24-30 parts by volume. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein a precipitating agent is used in the synthetic diesel oil preparation process, the precipitating agent being 0.1-0.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the components of the synthetic diesel oil. Synthetic diesel oil. 9. Synthetic diesel oil according to claim 8, wherein the precipitating agent is sodium hydroxide or sodium dihydrogen phosphate, preferably sodium dihydrogen phosphate.