JP2001164271A - Light oil composition - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a light oil composition capable of reducing the exhaustion of particulate matter(PM) and having excellent fuel consumption rate. SOLUTION: The light oil composition satisfies the following relational expressions (1)-(3). 0.01F3+0.001F2+0.02Ar<0.25: (1) 0.02F1R1+0.04F2R2+0.04F3 R3<1.9: (2) and G×H>34,500: (3) wherein F1 to F3 are contents of low-boiling fraction, medium-boiling fraction and high-boiling fraction, respectively, R1 to R3 are C/H atomic ratios of the above fractions, respectively, Ar is the content of >=3-cyclic aromatic compound contained in the high-boiling component, G is density and H is lower calorific value of the fuel.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a light oil composition used for diesel fuel for automobiles and the like, and more particularly to a light oil composition which is excellent in environmental friendliness by reducing emission of particulate matter and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art At present, diesel engines are used in automobiles,
Not only for transportation and transportation such as railways and ships, but also for industrial and consumer use as a power source for various industrial machines and generators, and as a power source and heat source for cogeneration systems that combine generators with hot water supply and air conditioning. Widely used for applications. This is attributed to the fact that diesel engines have much better thermal efficiency than gasoline engines. Conventionally, diesel engines are said to have relatively large vibrations and noises and emit black smoke and particulate matter (PM).
It has been reduced to an environmentally acceptable level. However,
Many diesel engines that do not deal with environmental issues are also used. In order to avoid such problems and to avoid problems under more severe conditions, improving fuel efficiency and improving fuel economy are important. It is desirable to reduce environmental issues such as emissions.

[0003] PM emitted from diesel engines
Is divided into so-called organic soluble components (SOF) and organic insoluble components (ISF). Generally, the main component of PM discharged under low load is SOF, and the main component of PM discharged under high load is It is said to be ISF. P
In order to reduce M, it is necessary to reduce at least one of SOF and ISF, and preferably both.
Further, being a fuel capable of exhibiting an excellent fuel consumption rate (fuel efficiency) is also an important issue for reducing carbon dioxide emissions.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and has as its object to provide a light oil composition which can reduce the amount of emitted PM and exhibit an excellent fuel consumption rate. Is what you do.

[0005]

The gas oil composition of the present invention comprises:
A low-boiling fraction consisting of a fraction having a boiling point of 250 ° C. or less, a boiling point of 25
Medium-boiling fraction consisting of a fraction at 0 to 300 ° C and boiling point 300
In a gas oil composition composed of a high-boiling fraction consisting of a fraction of at least ℃, the low-boiling fraction, the middle-boiling fraction and the high-boiling fraction are referred to as F ₁ , F ₂ and F ₃ , respectively. Are represented by R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₃ , the aromatic content of three or more rings contained in the high-boiling fraction is represented by Ar, the density at 15 ° C. of the gas oil composition is represented by G, and When the low calorific value is represented by H (where the content is expressed in% by weight based on the gas oil composition, the density is represented by g / cm ³ , and the low calorific value is represented by J / g), the following formula (1) is used. , (2) and (3).

## EQU1 ## 0.01F ₃ + 0.001F ₂ + 0.02Ar <0.25 (1)

## EQU2 ## 0.02F ₁ R ₁ + 0.04F ₂ R ₂ + 0.04F ₃ R ₃ <1.9 (2)

G × H> 34500 (3)

[0006] The light oil composition of the present invention has the above-mentioned constitution, so that the emission amount of SOF and ISF is reduced,
Particulate matter (P
M) The total amount of emission can be suppressed, and excellent fuel efficiency is exhibited, so that the amount of carbon dioxide emission is relatively small. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the load on the environment comprehensively.

[0007]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The gas oil composition according to the present invention must satisfy the above formulas (1), (2) and (3). Such a gas oil composition is generally obtained by refining crude oil, but may be produced from other hydrocarbon oils such as coal liquefied oil. Generally, a gas oil fraction obtained by atmospheric distillation and / or vacuum distillation of crude oil is produced by hydrodesulfurization. However, a heavy fraction obtained by atmospheric distillation or vacuum distillation is used as a gas oil fraction. It may be produced from a gas oil fraction obtained by pyrolysis or catalytic cracking for production purposes. Further, at the stage of producing various petroleum products in petroleum refining, a gas oil fraction by-produced is also used for producing the gas oil composition of the present invention. These gas oil fractions or hydrodesulfurized products thereof can be mixed (blended) to satisfy the above formulas (1), (2) and (3) to produce a gas oil composition according to the present invention. it can. These gas oil fractions can be said to be a blend base material for preparing a gas oil composition as a final product. As the blend base material, in addition to the above-described gas oil fraction, kerosene, a fraction mainly composed of aromatic by-products from a reformer and other petroleum products,
Semi-finished products can also be used. In addition, those desirably subjected to hydrodesulfurization or hydrogenation in order to reduce the sulfur content and the unstable unsaturated hydrocarbon content contained in the light oil fraction can also be used.

The following formula (1) defined in the light oil composition of the present invention:

[Number 1] _{0.01F 3 + 0.001F 2 + 0.02Ar <} 0.25 ... In (1), F ₂ and F ₃ are boiling fraction and a boiling point of 300 ° C. or higher in consisting of a fraction having a boiling point of 250 to 300 ° C. Are shown in terms of% by weight (wt%) with respect to the gas oil composition of the middle boiling point fraction consisting of the above fraction. Ar represents a numerical value in which the content of aromatics having three or more rings contained in the fraction having a boiling point of 300 ° C. or higher is represented by weight% (wt%) based on the gas oil composition. F ₂ and F ₃ can be determined by distilling the gas oil composition and measuring the weight of the oil distilled in the temperature range of 250 to 300 ° C. and 300 ° C. to the end point, respectively. Also,
Ar can be calculated from the weight of the aromatic components having three or more rings determined by distilling the oil distilled in the temperature range from 300 ° C. to the end point corresponding to F ₃ by an analytical method such as gas chromatography.

A light oil composition satisfying the formula (1) has an extremely low SOF emission. That is, it can be said that the light oil composition in which the value on the left side of the formula (1) is less than 0.25 emits very little SOF, which is the main component of PM, which is discharged at low load. Further, the smaller the value on the left side of the formula (1), the smaller the SOF emission of the light oil composition tends to be. Therefore, the left side of Expression (1) is preferably less than 0.15, and more preferably less than 0.10. Also, when the aromatic content (ie, Ar) of the high-boiling fraction and then the high-boiling fraction (F ₃ ) are reduced from the coefficients of the terms on the left side of the equation (1), the value of the left side of the equation (1) is effectively reduced. Can be reduced.

Similarly, formula (2):

[Formula 2] 0.02F ₁ R ₁ + 0.04F ₂ R ₂ + 0.04F ₃ R ₃ <1.9 (2) In the formula (2), F ₁ has a boiling point of 250 in the gas oil composition.
It shows the numerical value of the content of the fraction at or below ° C. expressed as weight% (wt%). F ₂ and F ₃ are as described in the above equation (1). R ₁ is a ratio of the number of carbon atoms to the number of hydrogen atoms constituting a fraction having a boiling point of 250 ° C. or lower corresponding to F ₁ (so-called C / H
R ₂₎ and R ₃ are also F ₂ and F ₃ , respectively.
Shows the C / H ratio of the fraction corresponding to. F ₁ can be determined by measuring the weight of the oil out in a temperature range distillate of distillation of the gas oil composition initial boiling point to 250 DEG ° C..
Further, the C / H ratio can be determined by elemental analysis of the corresponding fraction (oil composition).

The light oil composition satisfying the formula (2) has a low I
SF emission. That is, the light oil composition having a value on the left side of the formula (2) of less than 1.9, particularly less than 1.8, has a small amount of emission of ISF, which is a main component of PM under a high load. In addition, when the high boiling fraction (F ₃ ) is reduced from the coefficient of each term on the left side of the equation (2) and the C / H ratio is reduced, the value on the left side of the equation (2) can be effectively reduced.

Similarly, equation (3):

G × H> 34500 In (3), G indicates the density (g / cm ³ ) of the gas oil composition at 15 ° C., and H indicates the low calorific value (J / g) of the gas oil composition. ). G × H correlates with fuel efficiency, and the smaller the value, the worse the fuel efficiency. G × H is 34800
The above is more preferable.

The present invention is a light oil composition which simultaneously satisfies all of the formulas (1), (2) and (3).
It is intended to provide a gas oil composition having practical performance, which has a reduced fuel emission rate, an excellent fuel consumption rate and a small carbon dioxide emission. The gas oil composition satisfying all of the formulas (1), (2) and (3) at the same time must be appropriately selected, extracted and blended from the gas oil blend base material so as to satisfy the formula (3) as described above. Can be. Generally, the properties of the gas oil composition of the present invention have a cetane index of 40 to 60, particularly 45 to 55, and a density at 15 ° C of 0.76.
０．９0.92 g / cm ³ , especially 0.80 to 0.88 g / cm ³
cm ³ and a kinematic viscosity at 30 ° C. of 1.5 to 5.0.
mm ² / s.

The light oil composition of the present invention can be used with a base material such as an oxygen compound represented by an ether compound or an ester compound, for example, from 5 to 20 as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
It can be added in an amount of about% by weight. Further, additives such as a pour point depressant, an abrasion resistance improver, a cetane improver, an antioxidant, a metal deactivator, and a corrosion inhibitor can be added as necessary. For example, a fatty acid having 12 to 24 carbon atoms or a fatty acid ester thereof is used as an antiwear agent.
0 to 500 ppm can be added.

[0015]

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically based on examples.

In order to evaluate the gas oil composition of the present invention, gas oil compositions shown below as test oils 1 to 7 were prepared from the following gas oil blend base materials. SHNP: Substrate consisting essentially of n-paraffin. MN-7: Substrate substantially consisting of iso-paraffin. LCO-1, 2: Light cracked gas oil fraction obtained from fluid catalytic cracking process. HGO-1, 2: Heavy cracked gas oil fraction obtained from the desulfurization process. Table 1 shows these physical properties. In preparing the test oil, L
CO-1 is obtained by distilling a fraction having a distillation temperature of 260 ° C to 290 ° C.
CO-1A and a fraction having a distillation temperature of 290 ° C. to 320 ° C. were used as LCO-1B. LCO-2 converts the fraction at a distillation temperature of 320 ° C. to 350 ° C. into LCO-2A,
A fraction having a distillation temperature of 350 ° C to 390 ° C was used as LCO-2B.

[0017]

[Table 1]

The test oils 1 to 7 were based on a mixed oil obtained by mixing SHNP and MN-7, and LCO-1A, 1
B, 2A, 2B, HGO-1 or HGO-2 were mixed at 20% by volume to prepare a cetane number of 50. Table 2 shows the proportions of the test oils 1 to 7 prepared using these base materials.

[0019]

[Table 2]

The physical properties, compositions (aromatic content, C / H ratio), etc. of the test oils 1 to 7 and the commercial light oil (test oil 8) were measured, and the results are shown in Table 3. The test oil 2 corresponds to the examples, and all the others are outside the present invention (the test oils 1 and 3 to 3).
8). Further, for these test oils, SOF and I
SF emission and fuel consumption deterioration rate were measured and evaluated. The evaluation results are shown in the lower part of Table 3.

[0021]

[Table 3]

As a test method for the test oil, the density is J
The distillation properties, kinematic viscosity, and cetane number conformed to IS K 2249 and JIS K 2204, respectively. The aromatic content was measured by high performance liquid chromatography, and the C / H ratio was measured by elemental analysis.

A diesel engine test for measuring SOF and ISF emissions and fuel economy was performed as follows. The engine used was a single-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine with a high-pressure injection device manufactured by AVL, with a rotational speed of 900 rpm.
The operation was performed under the following conditions: rpm, lubricating oil temperature 80 ° C., cooling water temperature 80 ° C., intake air temperature 25 ° C., and fuel injection timing 5 ° BTDC. The fuel injection amount was 15.7 cm ³ / min in the low load range,
In the high load range, the pressure was 33.6 cm ³ / min.

The measurement of SOF and ISF emissions is based on the particulate matter (PM) in the exhaust gas from the test engine.
Was collected and measured according to the particulate matter test method (TRIAS 23-1992), and the SOx was extracted by Soxhlet extraction method.
The F emission was measured. The weight obtained by subtracting the SOF emission from the PM emission was defined as the ISF emission. The SOF and ISF emissions were measured at low load and high load, and Table 3
Shows the SOF emission in the low load operation and the ISF emission in the high load operation.

The fuel consumption deterioration rate was calculated by measuring the fuel consumption of the test engine operated in a high load range using the test oil, by the test oil 8 (commercial kerosene).
Percentage (%)
Indicated by

Table 3 shows the following. Test oil 2
Is an example of the present invention, and satisfies all of the expressions (1) to (3). However, Comparative Examples 1 to 7 (commercial light oils of Test Oils 1, 3 to 7 and Test Oil 8) all have the formulas (1) to (3).
Do not satisfy one or two equations. As a result, commercial light oil has excellent fuel economy performance, but has high SOF emission and ISF emission. The test oils 3, 4, and 5
Fuel efficiency is relatively good, but emission of SOF and ISF is as high as commercial light oil. On the other hand, it is recognized that the test oils 1, 6, and 7, which emit relatively little, have extremely poor fuel economy performance. The test oil 2 of the example is a light oil composition that has almost the same SOF emission and ISF emission as the test oil 1, and has relatively good fuel economy performance and is the best overall. It is recognized that there is.

[0097]

The gas oil composition according to the present invention contains the low-boiling fraction, the medium-boiling fraction and the high-boiling fraction, the carbon / hydrogen atomic ratio of each fraction, and the high-boiling fraction. The aromatic content of the ring or higher, the density, and the low calorific value satisfy a predetermined relational expression. As a result, as a diesel engine fuel, the emission amount of SOF and ISF is small, and the fuel efficiency is excellent. Therefore, the emission of particulate matter is small under a wide range of operating conditions, and the increase in the emission amount of carbon dioxide is suppressed. It can be effectively used especially for automobiles.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A low boiling point composed of a fraction having a boiling point of 250 ° C. or less.
Distillate, middle boiling fraction consisting of a fraction with a boiling point of 250-300 ° C
And a high-boiling fraction consisting of a fraction having a boiling point of 300 ° C or higher.
In the gas oil composition to be formed, a low-boiling fraction and a medium-boiling fraction
And the content of the high boiling fraction₁, F_TwoAnd F_ThreeWhen
And the carbon / hydrogen atomic ratio of each fraction is R₁, R _TwoAnd R_ThreeWhen
And the aromatic content of three or more rings contained in the high-boiling fraction is A
r, the density at 15 ° C. of the gas oil composition is G, and
When the low calorific value is H (here, the content is light
Density is g / cm.^ThreeIn and
The low calorific value is expressed in J / g. ), The following equations (1), (2) and
And (3). (Equation 1) 0.01F_Three+ 0.001F_Two+ 0.02Ar <0.25 (1) 0.02F₁R₁+ 0.04F_TwoR_Two+ 0.04F_ThreeR_Three<1.9 ... (2) G * H> 34500 ... (3)