JP4689086B2 - Fuel oil composition - Google Patents

Fuel oil composition Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4689086B2
JP4689086B2 JP2001181777A JP2001181777A JP4689086B2 JP 4689086 B2 JP4689086 B2 JP 4689086B2 JP 2001181777 A JP2001181777 A JP 2001181777A JP 2001181777 A JP2001181777 A JP 2001181777A JP 4689086 B2 JP4689086 B2 JP 4689086B2
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fuel oil
oil composition
lco
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JP2002371288A (en
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浩 平野
貞憲 澤田
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Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
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Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は燃料油組成物に関し、さらに詳しくは、低温流動性及び燃焼性が良好で、かつ従来品より高い発熱量を有する上に、環境に対する負荷の低い、ディーゼルエンジンなどの内燃機、ボイラーや工業炉などの外燃機に使用される燃料油組成物に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、ディーゼルエンジンなどの内燃機に限らず、ボイラーや工業炉などの外燃機に使用される燃料油についても、より高い発熱量(高カロリー)の燃料油が要求される傾向がある。
従来、内燃機や外燃機用燃料油として、主に灯油、A重油、C重油が用いられている。しかしながら、前記灯油は、硫黄分、窒素分、残留炭素分が極めて低く、環境負荷が小さいものの、発熱量が低いという欠点を有している。一方、A重油は、一般に安定供給の点で優れており、かつ灯油に比較して高い発熱量をもつが、より一層高い発熱量が要求される傾向にある。より高い発熱量のA重油は、高沸点(高密度)留分の基材混合比率を増大させることにより、達成できることが知られている。しかしながら、直留系基材の高沸点留分は、パラフィン分が多く、製品の低温流動性悪化を引き起こす場合がある。また、接触分解軽質軽油(LCO)の混合比率の増大により、より高い発熱量のA重油が得られることも知られている。しかしながら、LCOの混合比率が高い燃料油を使用した場合、使用時に着火不良や、煤の発生など燃焼不良が観察される場合がある。
さらに、C重油は、前記A重油よりも高い発熱量を有するが、高粘度のために加温設備が必要であるなど、取り扱いが不便である上、硫黄分、窒素分、残留炭素分が高く環境への影響が大きいという欠点を有している。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、このような状況下で、低温流動性及び燃焼性が良好で、かつ従来品より高い発熱量を有する上に、環境に対する負荷の低い、ディーゼルエンジンなどの内燃機、ボイラーや工業炉などの外燃機に使用される燃料油組成物を提供することを目的とするものである。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、前記の好ましい性質を有する燃料油組成物を開発すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、基材として、特定の性状を有する接触分解軽質軽油(LCO)留分を所定の割合で含む燃料油組成物が、その目的に適合し得ることを見出した。本発明は、かかる知見に基づいて完成したものである。すなわち、本発明は、基材として、(1)10%留出温度250℃以上及び90%留出温度380℃以下、(2)密度0.920g/cm3 以上、及び(3)セタン指数16以上の性状を有する接触分解軽質軽油(LCO)留分10〜70容量%および軽質軽油(LGO)を含み、10%残留炭素分が、0.2〜1.5重量%であることを特徴とする燃料油組成物を提供するものである。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の燃料油組成物は、以下に示す性状を有する接触分解軽質軽油(LCO)留分を10〜70容量%の範囲で含むものである。
前記LCO留分の性状としては、まず、蒸留性状において、10%留分温度が250℃以上である。この温度が250℃未満では当該LCO留分の他の性状の確保が困難となる。好ましい10%留出温度は260℃以上、より好ましくは270℃以上であり、さらに好ましくは280℃以上、特に好ましくは290℃以上である。また、90%留出温度が380℃以下である。この温度が380℃を超えると、得られる燃料油組成物の低温流動性及び燃焼性の悪化をもたらす。好ましい90%留出温度は370℃以下である。なお、上記蒸留性状は、JIS K2254に従って測定した値である。
【0006】
次に、密度が0.920g/cm3 以上である。この密度が0.920g/cm3 未満では所望の発熱量を有する燃料油組成物が得られにくい。好ましい密度は0.940g/cm3 以上であり、より好ましくは0.950g/cm3 以上、特に好ましくは0.960g/cm3 以上である。なお、上記密度は、JIS K2249に従って測定した値である。
さらに、セタン指数が16以上である。このセタン指数が16未満では所望の燃焼性を有する燃料油組成物が得られにくい。好ましいセタン指数は18以上であり、より好ましくは20以上であり、特に好ましくは21以上である。なお、このセタン指数は、JIS K2204−1992に従って測定した値である。
【0007】
本発明においては、このような性状を有するLCO留分を、燃料油組成物中に10〜70容量%の範囲で含むものである。この含有量が10容量%未満では所望の性状を有する燃料油組成物が得られず、本発明の目的が達成し難く、一方70容量%を超えると燃料油組成物の燃焼性が悪化する。該LCO留分の好ましい含有量は15〜60容量%であり、より好ましくは20〜50容量%、特に好ましくは25〜40容量%の範囲である。
【0008】
前記の性状を有するLCO留分は、例えば流動接触分解法(FCC)又は残油流動接触分解法(RFCC)より得られたLCOを、沸点により2分画又は3分画し、各留分を所望する性状が得られるように混合することにより、調製することができる。なお、上記LCOとしては、得られる燃料油組成物中の目標硫黄分含有量により、必要に応じて脱硫処理したものを用いることができる。
【0009】
本発明の燃料油組成物における前記のLCO留分以外の基材としては、特に制限はなく、例えば灯油(KERO)、脱硫灯油(DK)、軽質軽油(LGO)、脱硫軽油(DGO)、重質軽油(HGO)、脱硫重質軽油(DSHGO)、脱ろう軽油(DWGO)、直脱軽油(DSGO:直脱で副生した軽油)、他の接触分解軽質軽油(LCO)、これらの水素化処理油などの中から選ばれる少なくとも一種を挙げることができる。また、残留炭素源として、直留系残渣油、分解系残渣油、エキストラクトなどの中から選ばれる少なくと一種を用いることができる。
【0010】
本発明の燃料油組成物としては、以下に示す性状を有するものが好適である。
まず、10%残留炭素分は、0.2〜1.5重量%の範囲が好ましく、より好ましくは0.2〜0.6重量%の範囲である。この10%残留炭素分が0.2重量%未満では低温流動性の確保が困難であり、1.5重量%を超えるとスラッジの発生が多くなり、好ましくない。なお、上記10%残留炭素分は、JIS K2270に従って測定した値である。
【0011】
また、燃焼性の点から、セタン指数は30以上が好ましく、より好ましくは35以上、さらに好ましくは40以上、特に好ましくは45以上である。
また、硫黄分含有量は、燃焼ガス中のSOx を低減し、環境性確保の点から、1.0重量%以下が好ましく、より好ましくは0.3重量%以下、特に好ましくは0.1重量%以下である。なお、上記硫黄分含有量は、JIS K2541に従って測定した値である。
【0012】
総発熱量は好ましくは9400kcal/リットル以上、より好ましくは9500kcal/リットル以上、さらに好ましくは9550kcal/リットル以上、特に好ましくは9600kcal/リットル以上である。なお、上記総発熱量は、JIS K2279に従って測定した値である。
さらに、低温流動性確保の点から、曇り点(CP)は、好ましくは11℃以下、より好ましくは8℃以下、さらに好ましくは5℃以下、特に好ましくは3℃以下であり、フィルター目詰まり温度(CFPP)は、好ましくは10℃以下、より好ましくは3℃以下、さらに好ましくは0℃以下、特に好ましくは−3℃以下であり、流動点(PP)は、好ましくは5℃以下である。なお、上記CP値及びPP値は、JIS K2269に従い、CFPP値はJIS K2288に従って測定した値である。
【0013】
また、温度50℃における動粘度は、好ましくは1.0〜5.0mm2 /s、より好ましくは1.8〜3.8mm2 /sの範囲である。この動粘度が1.0mm2 /s未満ではポンプやエンジンなどの運転上の点から好ましくない。また5.0mm2 /sを超えると加温が必要となるなど、取り扱い性が悪くなる上、所望の燃焼性が確保しにくくなる。なお、上記動粘度は、JIS K2283に従って測定した値である。
本発明の燃料油組成物には、本発明の目的が損なわれない範囲で、必要に応じて低温流動性向上剤、潤滑性向上剤、セタン価向上剤、清浄剤などの添加剤を適宜配合することができる。
【0014】
【実施例】
次に、本発明を実施例により、さらに詳しく説明するが、本発明はこれらの例によってなんら限定されるものではない。
【0015】
実施例1及び比較例1〜3
第1表に示す性状を有する基材を、第2表に示す割合で混合して燃料油組成物を調製し、その性状を評価した。結果を第2表に示す。
【0016】
【表1】

Figure 0004689086
【0017】
(注)
H−LGO:高沸点LGO
H−LCO:高沸点LCO、本発明で規定された性状を有するLCO
3.0C:硫黄分約3重量%を含有するC重油
【0018】
【表2】
Figure 0004689086
【0019】
第2表から分かるように、比較例1は低温流動性及び燃焼性は良好であるが発熱量が不充分であり、比較例2は燃焼性及び発熱量は良好であるが、低温流動性が悪い。また、比較例3は燃焼性は良好で、低温流動性は普通であるが、発熱量が不充分である。これに対し、実施例1は低温流動性、燃焼性及び発熱量のいずれも良好である。
【0020】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、低温流動性及び燃焼性が良好で、かつ従来品より高い発熱量を有する上に、環境に対する負荷の低い、ディーゼルエンジンなどの内燃機、ボイラーや工業炉などの外燃機に使用される燃料油組成物を容易に得ることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fuel oil composition. More specifically, the present invention relates to an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine, a boiler or an industrial engine having good low-temperature fluidity and flammability, higher calorific value than conventional products, and low environmental impact. The present invention relates to a fuel oil composition used for an external combustor such as a furnace.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, not only internal combustion engines such as diesel engines, but also fuel oils used in external combustion machines such as boilers and industrial furnaces, there is a tendency for higher calorific (high calorie) fuel oils to be required.
Conventionally, kerosene, A heavy oil, and C heavy oil are mainly used as fuel oil for internal combustion engines and external combustion machines. However, the kerosene has a drawback that it has a very low sulfur content, a low nitrogen content, and a residual carbon content and a low environmental load, but a low calorific value. On the other hand, A heavy oil is generally superior in terms of stable supply and has a higher calorific value than kerosene, but a higher calorific value tends to be required. It is known that higher calorific value A heavy oil can be achieved by increasing the substrate mixing ratio of the high boiling (high density) fraction. However, the high-boiling fraction of the straight-run base material has a large amount of paraffin and may cause deterioration of the low-temperature fluidity of the product. It is also known that an A heavy oil with a higher calorific value can be obtained by increasing the mixing ratio of catalytically cracked light gas oil (LCO). However, when a fuel oil with a high LCO mixing ratio is used, there may be a case where poor ignition or poor combustion such as soot is observed during use.
Furthermore, although C heavy oil has a higher calorific value than the A heavy oil, it is inconvenient to handle, such as requiring heating equipment due to its high viscosity, and has a high sulfur content, nitrogen content, and residual carbon content. It has the disadvantage of having a large impact on the environment.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Under such circumstances, the present invention has good low-temperature fluidity and combustibility, has a higher calorific value than conventional products, and has a low environmental load, such as an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine, a boiler, an industrial furnace, etc. An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel oil composition for use in an external combustor.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to develop a fuel oil composition having the above-mentioned preferred properties, the present inventors have used a catalytically cracked light gas oil (LCO) fraction having specific properties as a base material at a predetermined ratio. It has been found that the fuel oil composition it contains can be adapted to its purpose. The present invention has been completed based on such findings. That is, the present invention provides (1) a 10% distillation temperature of 250 ° C. or more and a 90% distillation temperature of 380 ° C. or less, (2) a density of 0.920 g / cm 3 or more, and (3) a cetane index of 16 as the base material. wherein the saw including a catalytically cracked light gas oil (LCO) fraction 10-70 volume% and light gas oil (LGO), 10% carbon residue, is 0.2 to 1.5% by weight having the above properties A fuel oil composition is provided.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The fuel oil composition of the present invention contains a catalytically cracked light gas oil (LCO) fraction having the following properties in a range of 10 to 70% by volume.
As the properties of the LCO fraction, first, in the distillation properties, the 10% fraction temperature is 250 ° C. or higher. If this temperature is less than 250 ° C., it is difficult to secure other properties of the LCO fraction. A preferable 10% distillation temperature is 260 ° C. or higher, more preferably 270 ° C. or higher, further preferably 280 ° C. or higher, and particularly preferably 290 ° C. or higher. The 90% distillation temperature is 380 ° C. or lower. When this temperature exceeds 380 degreeC, the low-temperature fluidity | liquidity and combustibility of the obtained fuel oil composition will be brought about. A preferable 90% distillation temperature is 370 ° C. or lower. The distillation property is a value measured according to JIS K2254.
[0006]
Next, the density is 0.920 g / cm 3 or more. When the density is less than 0.920 g / cm 3, it is difficult to obtain a fuel oil composition having a desired calorific value. Preferred density of the 0.940 g / cm 3 or more, more preferably 0.950 g / cm 3 or more, and particularly preferably 0.960 g / cm 3 or more. The density is a value measured according to JIS K2249.
Furthermore, the cetane index is 16 or more. When the cetane index is less than 16, it is difficult to obtain a fuel oil composition having desired combustibility. A preferable cetane index is 18 or more, more preferably 20 or more, and particularly preferably 21 or more. The cetane index is a value measured according to JIS K2204-1992.
[0007]
In the present invention, the LCO fraction having such properties is contained in the fuel oil composition in the range of 10 to 70% by volume. If this content is less than 10% by volume, a fuel oil composition having desired properties cannot be obtained, and the object of the present invention is difficult to achieve. On the other hand, if it exceeds 70% by volume, the combustibility of the fuel oil composition deteriorates. The preferable content of the LCO fraction is 15 to 60% by volume, more preferably 20 to 50% by volume, and particularly preferably 25 to 40% by volume.
[0008]
The LCO fraction having the above-mentioned properties is obtained by, for example, subjecting LCO obtained by fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) or residual fluid fluid catalytic cracking (RFCC) to two or three fractions according to boiling point. It can prepare by mixing so that the desired property may be obtained. In addition, as said LCO, what was desulfurized as needed by the target sulfur content in the obtained fuel oil composition can be used.
[0009]
The base material other than the LCO fraction in the fuel oil composition of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, kerosene (KERO), desulfurized kerosene (DK), light gas oil (LGO), desulfurized gas oil (DGO), heavy oil Gas oil (HGO), desulfurized heavy gas oil (DSHGO), dewaxed gas oil (DWGO), direct degassing light oil (DSGO: light oil produced as a by-product by direct desorption), other catalytic cracked light gas oil (LCO), hydrogenation of these The at least 1 type chosen from processing oil etc. can be mentioned. As the residual carbon source, at least one selected from straight residue oil, cracked residue oil, extract and the like can be used.
[0010]
As the fuel oil composition of the present invention, those having the following properties are suitable.
First, the 10% residual carbon content is preferably in the range of 0.2 to 1.5% by weight, more preferably in the range of 0.2 to 0.6% by weight. If the 10% residual carbon content is less than 0.2% by weight, it is difficult to ensure low-temperature fluidity, and if it exceeds 1.5% by weight, sludge generation increases, which is not preferable. The 10% residual carbon content is a value measured according to JIS K2270.
[0011]
From the viewpoint of combustibility, the cetane index is preferably 30 or more, more preferably 35 or more, still more preferably 40 or more, and particularly preferably 45 or more.
Further, the sulfur content is preferably 1.0% by weight or less, more preferably 0.3% by weight or less, particularly preferably 0.1% by weight from the viewpoint of reducing SO x in the combustion gas and ensuring environmental performance. % By weight or less. The sulfur content is a value measured according to JIS K2541.
[0012]
The total calorific value is preferably 9400 kcal / liter or more, more preferably 9500 kcal / liter or more, further preferably 9550 kcal / liter or more, and particularly preferably 9600 kcal / liter or more. The total calorific value is a value measured according to JIS K2279.
Further, from the viewpoint of securing low temperature fluidity, the cloud point (CP) is preferably 11 ° C. or less, more preferably 8 ° C. or less, further preferably 5 ° C. or less, and particularly preferably 3 ° C. or less. (CFPP) is preferably 10 ° C. or lower, more preferably 3 ° C. or lower, further preferably 0 ° C. or lower, particularly preferably −3 ° C. or lower, and the pour point (PP) is preferably 5 ° C. or lower. The CP value and PP value are values measured according to JIS K2269, and the CFPP value is a value measured according to JIS K2288.
[0013]
The kinematic viscosity at a temperature of 50 ° C. is preferably in the range of 1.0 to 5.0 mm 2 / s, more preferably 1.8 to 3.8 mm 2 / s. If this kinematic viscosity is less than 1.0 mm 2 / s, it is not preferable from the point of operation of a pump or an engine. On the other hand, if it exceeds 5.0 mm 2 / s, the handling becomes worse, for example, heating is required, and it becomes difficult to ensure the desired combustibility. The kinematic viscosity is a value measured according to JIS K2283.
In the fuel oil composition of the present invention, additives such as a low temperature fluidity improver, a lubricity improver, a cetane number improver, and a detergent are appropriately blended as necessary within the range where the object of the present invention is not impaired. can do.
[0014]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Next, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited at all by these examples.
[0015]
Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3
The fuel oil composition was prepared by mixing the base materials having the properties shown in Table 1 in the proportions shown in Table 2, and the properties were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0016]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004689086
[0017]
(note)
H-LGO: High boiling point LGO
H-LCO: high boiling point LCO, LCO having properties defined in the present invention
3.0C: C heavy oil containing about 3% by weight of sulfur
[Table 2]
Figure 0004689086
[0019]
As can be seen from Table 2, Comparative Example 1 has good low-temperature fluidity and flammability but insufficient calorific value, and Comparative Example 2 has good flammability and calorific value but low-temperature fluidity. bad. In Comparative Example 3, the combustibility is good and the low temperature fluidity is normal, but the calorific value is insufficient. On the other hand, Example 1 has good low temperature fluidity, combustibility, and calorific value.
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, low-temperature fluidity and flammability are good, the calorific value is higher than that of conventional products, and the load on the environment is low, such as an internal combustion machine such as a diesel engine, an external combustion machine such as a boiler or an industrial furnace. The fuel oil composition used can be easily obtained.

Claims (2)

基材として、(1)10%留出温度250℃以上及び90%留出温度380℃以下、(2)密度0.920g/cm3 以上、及び(3)セタン指数16以上の性状を有する接触分解軽質軽油(LCO)留分10〜70容量%および軽質軽油(LGO)を含み、10%残留炭素分が、0.2〜1.5重量%であることを特徴とする燃料油組成物。As a base material, (1) 10% distillation temperature 250 ° C. or more and 90% distillation temperature 380 ° C. or less, (2) density 0.920 g / cm 3 or more, and (3) cetane index 16 or more contact look including the cracked light gas oil (LCO) fraction 10-70 volume% and light gas oil (LGO), 10% carbon residue, fuel oil, characterized in that 0.2 to 1.5 wt% composition . 外燃機用燃料油である請求項1に記載の燃料油組成物。The fuel oil composition according to claim 1, which is a fuel oil for an external combustor .
JP2001181777A 2001-06-15 2001-06-15 Fuel oil composition Expired - Fee Related JP4689086B2 (en)

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Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63161072A (en) * 1986-12-10 1988-07-04 モービル・オイル・コーポレーション Production of high octane value gasoline
JPH10298568A (en) * 1997-04-28 1998-11-10 Mitsubishi Oil Co Ltd Heavy oil a composition good in storage stability
JP2000239675A (en) * 1999-02-22 2000-09-05 Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corp A fuel oil with high total calorific value and ultralow sulfur content

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63161072A (en) * 1986-12-10 1988-07-04 モービル・オイル・コーポレーション Production of high octane value gasoline
JPH10298568A (en) * 1997-04-28 1998-11-10 Mitsubishi Oil Co Ltd Heavy oil a composition good in storage stability
JP2000239675A (en) * 1999-02-22 2000-09-05 Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corp A fuel oil with high total calorific value and ultralow sulfur content

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