JPH0686012U - Strain measuring device for construct - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] [Purpose] The present invention relates to a strain measuring device for a structure, which enables anyone to easily and surely measure the strain amount of a structure such as a railroad track. [Configuration] A laser light source is mounted on one of the two carriages, and a light receiver is mounted on the other carriage. A trolley equipped with a laser light source is fixed to one end side of a measurement section of a structure to be measured, and laser light is irradiated parallel to the structure. The light receiver is supported by orthogonal two-axis driving means that can move along a plane that receives the laser light vertically, and when this cart is run along the structure, the two-axis orthogonal light is always received by the laser light. The driving means is driven, and the strain amount of the construct is measured from the driving amount of the orthogonal biaxial driving means.

Description

[Detailed description of the device]

[0001]

[Industrial applications]

 The present invention relates to a strain measuring device for a structure such as a railroad track.

[0002]

[Prior art]

 In order for the train to operate in a safe and comfortable running condition, the track must have sufficient strength and be maintained and maintained in good condition at all times. However, the track is gradually collapsed due to the load of the vehicle and the action of natural forces such as wind and rain. In order to maintain and manage such a track, it is indispensable to quantitatively and accurately grasp the deformation state of the track.

In order to represent the deformed state of the orbit, its type is defined by the state of the trajectory deviation, and the trajectory deviation is measured according to the definition of the trajectory deviation. The following five items are usually defined as deviations. Passage It refers to irregularities in the lengthwise direction on the side surface of the rail, which is generally expressed by the horizontal distance between the rail and the thread at the center of the rail, with a 10m-long thread stretched on the inside surface of the rail. High or low deviation This is unevenness in the length direction of the rail top surface. Generally, a 10 m long thread is laid on the rail top surface and is expressed by the vertical distance between the rail and the thread at the center. Track deviations Level deviations Planar deviations This invention is related to the deviations of these five items of deviations from the deviations of the track, and the actual shape in the street (horizontal) direction and the actual shape in the high (low) direction. The present invention relates to a measuring method and a measuring device.

Conventionally, there are a high-speed track inspection vehicle, a relatively small track inspection vehicle, and the like as inspection vehicles that measure deviations and height deviations. A high-speed track inspection vehicle is a heavy vehicle that is about the size of a normal operating vehicle, and even a relatively small track inspection vehicle has a vehicle mass of about 500 kg, and its main purpose is track inspection on a long track section.

Further, in the inspection method of the above-mentioned inspection vehicle, three points A, B, and C are selected on the rail to be measured, and a straight line AC connecting the points A and C at both ends is taken as a string, and this string is The distance between the point B and the position B between the points A and C is called "Masaki", and the measurement is performed by sequentially measuring the Maiya. However, this measuring method is a measurement of the relative displacement amount at point B with reference to points A and C, and does not represent the actual shape of the trajectory. In order to calculate the actual shape based on the amount of deviation and the amount of deviation, the method using a relatively complicated calculation formula, such as the cumulative sum method or the theory based on the digital inverse filter, has been proposed. There is a problem of the amount of error that comes from the relationship between the measured chord length and the deformed wave length, and it is not perfect.

[0006]

[Problems to be solved by the device]

 As mentioned above, the values of "street" and "high and low" measured by the conventional inspection vehicle are relative displacements even in the open circle, and do not represent the actual shape of the rail to be measured. Therefore, when the orbital deviation occurs at a wavelength 1 / 2L which is 1/2 of the measured chord length L as shown in FIG. 17, the orbital deviation amount may not be detected at all.

[0007] Although the measurement chord length is generally 10 m or 20 m, there is a problem in terms of accuracy in detecting a long-wavelength track deviation that greatly affects the riding comfort of an ultra-high-speed train such as the Shinkansen. There is.

[0008]

[Means for Solving the Problems]

 This invention proposes a method for measuring strain of a structure by irradiating a laser beam along the structure to be measured, measuring the distance between the laser beam and the structure, and measuring the strain amount of the structure. As a measuring device using A, a laser light source for irradiating a laser beam in parallel with a structure to be measured, B a carriage capable of traveling along the structure, and C a measuring means for measuring the traveling distance of this carriage, A light receiver mounted on the D carriage for receiving the laser light; an orthogonal biaxial drive means for moving the light receiver on orthogonal coordinates so that the light receiver can always receive the laser light as the E carriage moves; A measuring device is constituted by a displacement detecting means for detecting the driving amount of the orthogonal biaxial driving means, and a calculating means for obtaining the strain amount of the construct from the detected value of the displacement detecting means. .

According to the measuring method of the present invention, an accurate reference line can be formed by the straightness of the laser beam. Therefore, since the distance between the structure and the structure is measured by using this accurate reference line, and the strain of the structure is measured, the accurate strain amount can be measured. Further, according to the measuring device of the present invention, the laser beam is used as the reference line, and while the reference line is being tracked by the photoreceiver, the carriage is moved and the amount of movement required for tracking the photoreceiver is measured, whereby the structure and the reference line are separated. The deviation amount of the interval between can be known. This displacement amount is equivalent to the strain of the construct, and the strain amount of the construct can be directly obtained.

The reference line formed by the laser light has a sufficient length. As a result, when used to measure the actual shape of the track, it is possible to detect track deviations at long wavelengths that affect the riding comfort of ultra-high-speed trains. In addition, since the device can be made relatively small in this invention, it is possible to manually carry in / out the measurement site.

[0011]

【Example】

 FIG. 1 shows an outline of an apparatus used in the measuring method according to the present invention. In the figure, 100 indicates a construct to be measured. In this example, the structure is shown below by exemplifying a railroad track. Reference numeral 200 denotes a laser light source for irradiating the laser light 300 in parallel with the track 100, reference numeral 400 denotes a light receiver for receiving the laser light 300, and reference numeral 500 denotes a traveling carriage for moving the light receiver 400 along the track 100.

Although not specifically shown here, the light receiver 400 is driven in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction by the orthogonal biaxial driving means, and keeps the laser beam 300 always trapped. That is, the laser light source 200 is fixed to one point of the track 100, and the laser light 300 is irradiated from the fixed position in the direction along the track 100 to form a reference line. The light receiver 400 receives the laser light 300, and the traveling carriage 500 is moved along the track 100. At this time, the light receiver 400 is moved in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction by the orthogonal biaxial drive device so as to maintain the state of receiving the laser light 300, and the movement amount is stored every time the carriage 500 moves 25 cm, for example. .

The amount of displacement of the light receiver 400 stored in the memory corresponds to the distortion of the orbit 100 with the laser light 300 as a reference, and represents the actual shape of the orbit. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the actual shape of the trajectory 100 in the passing direction can be obtained by measuring the driving amount Y of the light receiver 400 in the Y-axis direction. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, by measuring the driving amount Z of the light receiver 400 in the Z-axis direction, the actual shape of the track 100 in the height direction can be obtained.

The support structure of the laser light source 200 and the support structure of the light receiver 400 will be described below. FIG. 4 shows a support structure of the laser light source 200. In this example, the case where the laser light source 200 is mounted on the traveling carriage 600 is shown. The traveling carriage 600 is composed of a frame-shaped frame 601 and four wheels 602 attached to the lower surface of the frame-shaped frame 601, and the handle 603 is pushed to drive the traveling carriage 600.

A support base 604 is provided on the upper surface side of the frame-shaped frame 601, and the laser light source 200 is supported by the support base 604. Reference numeral 605 denotes an adjusting unit having a spherical seat and adjusting the direction of the axis of the laser light source 200. The direction of the laser beam 300 is set by the adjusting unit 605, and the set state can be fixed by tightening the handle 606.

As the laser light source 200, for example, a He—Ne laser oscillation tube can be used, and a telescope 201 having a magnification of about 20 is attached to the front of the laser light source, and the telescope 201 narrows the laser light into a thin beam. To radiate. A telescope 202 for collimation is provided on the upper side of the laser light source 200 as required, and the optical axis of the laser light source 200 can be visually set by the telescope 202 for collimation.

In this example, a case where a guide frame 607 in the Y-axis direction is installed on the upper surface side of the frame-shaped frame 601, and the support base 604 can be moved in the Y-axis direction by the guide frame 607 is used. Show. 5 to 8 show an implementation structure of the truck 500 on the light receiver side. The dolly 500 comprises a frame-shaped frame 501, wheels 502 attached to the lower surface of the frame-shaped frame 501, a handle 503, and a reference platform 504 supported by the frame-shaped frame 501 so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction. Can be configured.

The reference base 504 is supported by a guide frame 505 so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction on the frame-shaped frame 501. Along with this, the spring 506 shown in FIG. 7 applies a biasing force to the reference base 504 toward one side, and the reference base 504 is pressed against one rail side. A rail contact shoe 507 is provided on the side of the reference base 504 on the side to be pressed against the rail, and the rail contact shoe 507 is pressed against the rail surface of the rail so that the position of the reference base 504 is fixed with respect to one rail. The structure is maintained. A roller is attached to the rail contact shoe 507 at the contact portion with the rail, and the roller comes into contact with the rail to allow smooth running.

An inclination angle sensor 700 is mounted on the reference table 504, and the inclination angle sensor 700 can measure the inclination of the reference table 504, that is, the level difference (cant) between the left and right rails. As the tilt angle sensor 700, for example, a pendulum type structure can be used. As is well known, the pendulum type tilt angle sensor can detect a relative angle change between the pendulum and the case by, for example, a differential transformer and obtain an electric signal corresponding to the cant.

Distance measuring means 750 is provided on the lower surface side of the frame 501. This distance measuring means 750 is composed of, for example, an auxiliary wheel 750A that rotates by contacting the head of the rail, and a rotary encoder 750B that rotates by this auxiliary wheel 750A. The rotary encoder 750B generates one pulse each time the auxiliary wheel 750A makes one rotation, that is, every 25 cm, for example. This pulse is input to an integrating circuit of a measuring device, which will be described later, and is used to calculate the traveling distance of the carriage 500 by the integrated value of the pulse.

The orthogonal biaxial drive means and the displacement amount measurement means shown in FIGS. 8 to 10 are mounted on the reference table 504. 8 to 10, reference numeral 800 denotes a Y-axis driving means, and 900 denotes a Z-axis driving means. The Y-axis driving means 800 includes a guide frame 801 installed on the reference table 504 in the Y-axis direction, a ball screw 802 provided in parallel with the guide frame 801, and a ball screw 802 that is rotationally driven to rotate the Y-axis table 803. Can be configured by a Y-axis stepping motor 804 that moves the Y-axis in the Y-axis direction.

Reference numeral 805 denotes a Y-axis displacement detector that detects the drive amount of the Y-axis drive means 800. The Y-axis displacement detector 805 can be composed of, for example, a potentiometer. For example, a pulley is attached to the rotary shaft of the potentiometer, and a winding means such as a spring is applied to the pulley to apply a winding force to the pulley, and a wire is pulled out from this pulley to pull out the Y-axis table. Connect to 803. In this way, the movement amount of the Y-axis table 803 is extracted from the Y-axis displacement detector 805 as an electric signal.

The Z-axis driving means 900 is mounted on the Y-axis table 803. As shown in FIG. 9, the Z-axis driving means 900 includes a Z-axis plan inner frame 901 that is vertically planted on the surface of the Y-axis table 803, and a pair of Z-axis guide frames 901 that are installed in the Z-axis direction. A guide frame 902, a ball screw 903 provided in parallel with the guide frame 902, a stepping motor 904 that rotationally drives the ball screw 903, and a light receiver support that is screwed with the ball screw 903 and guided by the guide frame 902. And 905.

Reference numeral 906 denotes a Z-axis displacement detector, and this Z-axis displacement detector 906 also has a pulley to which a rotational biasing force is applied by a winding means such as a spring, and the wire wound around this pulley is used. By connecting to the light receiver support 905, the amount of movement of the light receiver support 905 in the Z-axis direction is detected. FIG. 11 shows an external view of the traveling carriage 500 on the light receiver side. Reference numeral 511 denotes a cover for covering the Y-axis driving means 800, and 906 denotes a cover for covering the Z-axis driving means 900. The Y-axis driving means 800 and the Z-axis driving means 900 are protected by these covers 511 and 906. Reference numeral 1000 denotes a case accommodating the control and calculation means.

FIG. 12 shows an example of the configuration of the control and calculation means. The main body of the control and calculation means is constituted by a microcomputer 1001. By connecting a photodetector 400, a Y-axis displacement detector 805, a Z-axis displacement detector 906 and stepping motors 804, 904 to this microcomputer 1001, A laser beam tracking mechanism is configured.

The photoelectric conversion signal of the light receiving sensor 400 is converted into a signal corresponding to the light receiving position detecting circuit 401 and the light receiving position of the laser beam 300, averaged by the average value calculating circuit 402 and input to the micro computer 1001. The light-receiving sensor 400 has a light-receiving surface formed of a photoelectric conversion element such as silicon, photo, or diode, and calculates the position where the laser light 300 is incident on the basis of the ratio of the current flowing between the pair of electrodes.

This principle will be described with reference to FIG. The light receiver 400 has a pair of electrodes A and B facing each other in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, respectively, and only one electrode pair is shown in the drawing. When the laser light 300 is incident on the position C between the electrodes A and B, a voltage V is generated at the incident point C and the currents I ₁ and I ₂ are shunted to the electrodes A and B. Here, the distance between the electrodes A and B is L, the distance from the electrodes A and B to the incident point C of the laser light 300 is L ₁ and L ₂ , and the incident point C of the laser light 300 and the respective electrodes A and B are When the resistance values between R ₁ and R ₂ are I = I ₁ + I ₂ I ₁ = V / R ₁ , I ₂ = V / R ₂ I ₁ = I · R ₂ / (R ₁ + R ₂ ), I ₂ = I · R ₁ / (R ₁ + R ₂ ) Therefore, I ₂ / I ₁ = R ₁ / R ₂ = L ₁ / L ₂ and the incident position of the laser beam 300 is measured by measuring I ₁ and I _2. C can be obtained. The incident position C is calculated by the light receiving position detection circuit 401.

The average calculating circuit 402 averages the incident position data of the laser beam 300 obtained by the light receiving position detecting circuit 401 over a plurality of times, and inputs the averaged value to the microcomputer 1001. That is, the laser light 300 causes fluctuations due to the flow of air or the like. As a result, fluctuations in the light receiving position data occur due to fluctuations in the laser beam 300 even though the light projector and the light receiver are stationary. In order to eliminate this variation, the data of the position C output a plurality of times are averaged, and the averaged position data is set as the incident position at that time and input to the microcomputer 1001.

When the microcomputer 1001 takes in the incident position data of the laser beam 300 in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, the microcomputer 1001 operates the stepping motors 804 and 904 so that the position data coincides with the vicinity of the center point of the light receiver 400. To drive. That is, the stepping motors 804 and 904 are driven in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction so that the currents I ₁ and I ₂ shown in FIG. 13 become I ₁ = I _2, and the stepping motor is operated in the state of I ₁ = I _2. The driving of the driving motors 804 and 904 is stopped.

When the microcomputer 1001 outputs a control signal to each of the stepping motors 804 and 904, the pulse generation circuit 1002 converts the pulse signal into a pulse signal, which is input to the stepping motor control circuit 1003. The stepping motor control circuit 1003 gives a drive signal to the stepping motors 804 and 904 to drive the stepping motors 804 and 904.

The Y-axis displacement detector 805 and the Z-axis displacement detector 906 detect the drive amounts of the stepping motors 804 and 904, AD-convert the drive amounts by the AD converter 1004, and the AD-converted output thereof is input to the microcomputer 1001. To enter. The microcomputer uses the incident position data Yα and Zα of the laser beam 300 input from the light receiving position detection circuit 401 and the drive amounts Yβ and Zβ input from the Y-axis displacement detector 805 and the Z-axis displacement detector 906. Then, the deviation amounts (street: Y, high / low: Z) shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 are calculated.

Y = Yα + Yβ (1) Z = Zα + Zβ (2) At the same time, the traveling distance value obtained by the distance measuring means 750 and the integrating circuit 1005 is stored in the storage means together with the deviation amounts Y and Z. Then, it is displayed on the display unit 1007 or is printed out on the printer 1008.

Reference numeral 1006 indicates a digital switch circuit. Measurement specifications such as measurement date and time, distance in kilometer, vertical line type, and measurement interval are set in the digital switch circuit 106, and the set measurement specifications are also stored and displayed together with the measurement data, or printed on the printer 1008. Let it out. The measurement is performed as follows. The laser light source 200 and the light receiver 400 are installed on the tracks at both ends of the measurement section. Since the laser light source 200 serves as the reference origin for measurement, it is fixed to the rail. A laser measurement reference line is created from the laser light source 200 toward the light receiver 400. The light receiver 400 is moved in the vertical and horizontal directions, that is, in the Z-axis and Y-axis directions so as to travel toward the laser light source while constantly capturing the laser light regardless of the shape of the orbit. The distances Y (pass) and Z (high and low) between the laser beam 300 and the orbit at each measurement position (the point where the distance measuring means 750 outputs a pulse) are determined from the amount of movement of the light receiver 400.

Since the converging property of the laser light 300 is limited, the entire measurement section is divided and one measurement section is set to about 150 to 200 m. Therefore, in order to obtain the actual trajectory shapes of all the measurement sections, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 14, a measurement section that overlaps with one measurement section and the next measurement section is provided, and the following processing is performed (here Will be explained, but the processing method is the same for high and low). (1) Joining of Adjacent Measurement Sections In the adjacent measurement sections (A) and (B), the directions of the laser light used as the measurement reference do not necessarily match. In this case, the slope and offset amount of the laser beam that is the reference line in each section are different. Therefore, in order to join the measurement sections (A) and (B), an overlapping measurement section is provided between the measurement sections (A) and (B) as shown in FIG. 14, and α shown in the third equation is obtained. Then, each measured value of the measurement section (B) is corrected by this α, and the measurement section (B) is joined to the measurement section (A).

Α = y _(A) + n (y _(B) = y _(A) ) / (X _(B) = X _(A) ) (3) where X _(A) ; measurement interval (B ) Start point position X _(B) ; end point position of measurement section (A) y _(A) ; overlapping measurement section of measurement section (A) / measured value of start point y _(B) ; overlapping measurement section of measurement section (B)・ Measurement value of the start point n; Number of measurement points from the start point to the end point of the measurement section (B) Then, by successively performing this processing for the adjacent measurement sections from the measurement section A to the final measurement section, all measurement sections are continuous. The shape can be obtained. (2) Inclination correction Generally, it is convenient and convenient to display the actual shape of the trajectory in all the measurement sections by displaying the starting and end points X _O and X _n of all the measurement sections from the reference line with the swath. However, as shown in Fig. 15, the continuous shape of all the measurement sections obtained in the previous section follows the slope of the first measurement section, and at the end point _Xn of the final measurement section, the reference line of the first measurement section is extended. The shape has a deviation amount of y _n with respect to the long line. Therefore, the actual trajectory shape over the entire measurement section is corrected by adding the inclination correction value β obtained by the equation 4 to each measured point value obtained in the previous section.

[0036] _{β = m x · y n /} (N-1) ··· (4) However, y _n; total measurement interval (X _o to X; deviation amount N at the end (X _n) of the entire measurement interval measurements in _n) number m _x; measurement start point (X _o) from the end point (X _n) arbitrary measurement point between (the m _x = 0~N) (3) curved portion of the correction railroad track for Kant, generally curved The outer rails are installed higher than the inner rails, and the degree of this inclination is called the "cant".

Therefore, in the curved portion, as shown in FIG. 16, the original displacement amounts “y” and “z” measured in a plane or at right angles to the line connecting the left and right rail top surfaces are the displacement amounts taken in the horizontal and vertical directions. Different from "y '" and "z'". Railroad track maintenance departments generally use the values measured in the horizontal and vertical directions to express the displacement in the horizontal and vertical directions. The values measured by this device are also used in the horizontal and vertical directions. It is necessary to correct to the value of. For that purpose, the correction formulas (4) and (5) shown below are calculated. In the figure, y: measured value in the horizontal direction z: measured value in the vertical direction y ': correction value in the horizontal direction z': correction value in the vertical direction α: inclination angle of the carriage frame with respect to the horizontal correction formula y '= y cos α (5) z ′ = y · sin α + z cos α (6) The tilt angle α of the carriage 500 is detected by a tilt angle sensor 700 (see FIG. 5) attached to the reference base 504, and the detection signal is detected. It is input to the microcomputer 1001 through the inclination angle detection circuit 1009 (see FIG. 12) and used for the calculation of the correction calculation formulas (5) and (6).

[0038]

[Effect of device]

 As described above, according to the present invention, the laser beam 300 is used as a reference line, the track 100 is moved by the carriage 500 while the reference line is captured by the optical receiver 400, and the optical receiver 400 is maintained at the position of the reference line. Since the structure for taking in the movement amount for taking in is taken, it can be treated as if the movement amount of the light receiver 400 is a deviation or a deviation in height with respect to the reference line of the track 100.

That is, the strain amount of the construct can be directly measured. Therefore, this method is different from the conventional method in which a string of about 10 m is stretched and the deviation amount from the center position of this string to the rail, that is, the straight arrow is measured and the actual shape of the rail is obtained from this straight arrow. According to the above, the measured data itself represents the actual shape of the trajectory, and there is no need for any arithmetic processing to obtain the actual shape from the arrow. Therefore, since the actual shape of the track can be known at the same time as the measurement, it is a very effective measuring device used for track maintenance work.

In the above description, the track is mainly used as an example of the structure, but the structure is not limited to the track, and for example, the unevenness of the road surface such as an airfield runway or a general road can be measured, or the wall surface of a building can be measured. It can be used for measuring unevenness.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view for explaining a measuring method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view for explaining the measuring method of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a side view for explaining the measuring method of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the general structure of a laser light source support structure.

FIG. 5 is a plan view for explaining the structure of a carriage that carries a light receiver and travels.

6 is a side view of FIG.

FIG. 7 is a front view of FIG.

FIG. 8 is a plan view for explaining the structure of Y-axis drive means for moving the light receiver in the Y-axis direction.

FIG. 9 is a front view for explaining the structure of a Z-axis drive unit that moves the light receiver in the Z-axis direction.

FIG. 10 is a side view of FIG.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view for explaining an external structure of a traveling vehicle equipped with a light receiver.

FIG. 12 is a system diagram for explaining the configuration of the measuring device of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a view for explaining the operation of the light receiver used in the device of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining a method of joining measurement results of a plurality of sections measured by using the measuring method of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining a correction method for correcting an error that occurs when the measurement results of a plurality of sections are stitched together.

FIG. 16 is a front view for explaining a correction method that occurs when the structure is tilted in the measuring method of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining a conventional technique.

[Explanation of symbols]

 100 Structure to be measured 200 Laser light source 300 Laser light 400 Light receiver 500 Traveling vehicle 700 Tilt angle sensor 750 Distance measuring means 800 Y axis driving means 900 Z axis driving means 1001 Microcomputer

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] 1. A laser light source which is fixed to one end side of a structure to be measured, which is a measurement section, and which emits a laser beam in parallel with the structure, B, a carriage capable of traveling along the structure, and C. Distance measuring means for measuring the traveling distance of this dolly, D light receiver mounted on this dolly for receiving the laser beam, E light receiving so that the light receiver can always receive the laser beam as the dolly moves. Orthogonal biaxial drive means for moving the device along a plane that intersects the laser beam substantially perpendicularly, F: displacement detection means for detecting the drive amount of the orthogonal biaxial drive means, G: detected value of the displacement detection means And a strain measuring device for constructing the structure, which comprises: