JPH06511421A - crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] crusher Equipment for grinding products such as food products is well known in the art. , such grinding devices usually include a rotating impeller. to this impeller has a large number of blades, and these blades are spaced a certain distance apart from each other in the circumferential direction. It is placed inside a ring-shaped knife row that is fixed in position.

For the past 25 years, these grinding devices have had an annular knife row with an internal diameter of about 6 inches. It was being produced. The impeller of these conventional crushers rotates at 12,000 revolutions per minute. However, in order to extend the life of the impeller, it is normally operated at approximately 103 degrees per minute. It is limited to O rotation. This kind of grinding equipment has the ability to make things into smaller pieces. and is superior to any other commercially available device. Such a crushing device and For example, U.S. Pat. No. 8598, No. 3888426, etc. are known.

Recently, under certain circumstances, crushed materials of almost the same quality as those crushed by the above-mentioned crushing equipment have been A commercial homogenizer (homoBnixer) that can be produced in It has been introduced in many places. This homogenizer is installed in a cylinder with an open end. It is equipped with a piston that can reciprocate, especially for peanut butter and ketchup. It has been introduced in the field of production. The open end of the cylinder is held by a biasing spring. It is closed by a ball or plate pressed against the end of the cylinder. from the open end When the piston is moved away, material to be crushed may be drawn into the cylinder. It will be done. In addition, when the piston is advanced toward the open end, the pressure acting on the object to be crushed is The force causes the ball or plate to move slightly away from the open end, causing a thin flow of material to be crushed into the cylinder. It ejects from the da to a stationary surface at high speed. by destructive force acting on the object to be crushed , the material to be crushed is crushed into small particles. Homogenizers can certainly give good results. However, on the other hand, extensive maintenance and therefore huge costs are required. In addition, the high internal pressure acting on the homogenizer mechanism may cause the operator to There is a risk of being exposed to danger. Also, before pumping the material to be crushed into the homogenizer, First, the material to be crushed must be in a liquid state.

Today's method of making peanut butter involves roasting and peeling peanuts. The material is first passed through a Bxver-type grinder to a high It can be turned into a hot liquid. This Bauer type crusher is placed slightly apart from each other. It comprises two circular plates with facing flat surfaces. these opposing A bump or protrusion is formed on the surface of the circular plate, which allows one side of the circular plate to rotate at high speed. If you feed peanuts to the center of two circular plates while The nuts are crushed by the bumps or protrusions.

Bauer-type crushers are currently the preferred method of producing high-quality peanut butter. The material to be crushed is passed through a series of rotating Bauer-type crushers. . In this way, the material to be crushed is processed through multiple rotary crushers (generally, two crushers are used). It will be done. ), the size of the peanut particles can be made smaller. can. The peanut butter is crushed before it is introduced into the second crusher. The rotary crusher has two sweep wall heat converters to cool the used between. Multiple revolutions to produce the final peanut butter It is also known to use homogenizers instead of using grinders.

Tomato ketchup is made from ripe tomatoes with the skin, seeds, and some of the water removed. It will be done. Vinegar, sugar and spices are added for flavor. insoluble materials and All of its properties vary widely from batch to batch of tomatoes.

All ketchup manufacturers are trying to reduce the particle size of insoluble substances in their ketchup. I use several methods to reduce it. In general, the smaller the particle size, the more The thicker the ketchup, the thicker the ketchup. Small particle size means less surface area for liquid collection. area increases, and the viscosity of the material to be crushed increases. Currently, the methods manufactured using rotary crushers are There is also a homogenizer, but some use only a homogenizer, others use a rotary crusher and a homogenizer. Some manufacturers use a combination of

Post wick and test (Bos! tick 1est) are ketchup products is a standard test to evaluate the viscosity of This test is 5 cm wide, A channel with a depth of 3.8 cm is used, with the end of the channel closed. It is carried out in a state. The movable gate is located 5.2 cm from one end of the channel. They are located across the channel in isolated locations. Pour ketchup all over the box. When the gate is raised, the ketchup flows longitudinally through the opening in the gate. Ru. The bottom of the channel is marked every centimeter, and the viscosity is , after 30 seconds, measure the distance traveled by the ketchup in the channel in centimeters. determined by This distance traveled by ketchup is the basis for all tests. and is expressed as a postwick number.

Summary of the invention The rotary grinder of the present invention for grinding products such as food products consists of impeller blades (impeller blades). Due to the characteristic shape and direction of the impeller blades), it also increases the peripheral speed of the impeller. As a result, fine powder of the material to be crushed, which previously could only be achieved through a multi-step production process, can be achieved. Can be shredded.

The impeller rotates inside the annular knife row, and the material to be crushed is directed towards the center of the impeller. will be supplied. The initial contact between the material to be crushed and the inner part of the impeller blades As the crushed material is crushed, the crushed material is discharged back into the center of the impeller. impeller Continuous contact between the blade and the object to be crushed transmits rotation to the object to be crushed. To be crushed As the rotational speed of the object increases, the centrifugal force causes the object to be crushed by the impeller blades. The debris is conveyed across the plane and into the knife row. Furthermore, the material to be crushed is It is crushed by coming into contact with the if and passing between the knives.

Increasing the diameter of the impeller increases the peripheral speed of the impeller. to this Therefore, the outer peripheral speed can be increased without increasing the number of rotations per minute, The durable life of the impeller can be maintained. The energy acting on the material to be crushed is Since it increases in proportion to the square of the relative peripheral speed, the present invention provides a The energy generated is significantly greater than with conventional devices. Therefore, the impeller An impeller with the same rotational speed is an annular impeller that can rotate around a centrally located rotation axis. It has an impeller body and a number of impeller blades attached to the impeller body. There is. Each impeller blade is parallel to an axis extending chordally across the impeller body, e.g. The concave object-to-be-pulverized object has a surface. The material to be crushed is fed to a rotating impeller. When the material is crushed, it first comes into contact with the inside part of the rapidly moving impeller blades. touch This contact crushes the object to be crushed, and the object to be crushed is is pushed towards the center of the impeller. For contact with the inner part of the impeller blade Therefore, forward rotation is transmitted to the object to be crushed.

Rotation of the object to be ground due to subsequent contact between the inner part of the impeller blades and the object to be ground The speed increases, and the centrifugal force forces the material to be crushed radially outward, pushing it toward the impeller. The direction of the blade to be crushed comes into contact with the surface. The surface with the direction of the object to be crushed on the mouth is oriented toward the object to be crushed. The material to be crushed is oriented in the direction of the vertical center of the impeller blades, and the material to be crushed is to prevent leakage through the gap between the roller wheel and the knife row. The material to be crushed is , a knife that surrounds the impeller blade when pulled away from it by centrifugal force Touch the center of the column.

A crushing object collision surface is formed at a portion of each impeller blade facing inward in the radial direction.

This collision surface of the object to be crushed is such that the object to be crushed passes the impeller body and heads outward in the radial direction. Make initial contact with the material to be ground so that the This initial contact causes the material to be crushed to The size of the particles becomes smaller, and forward speed is imparted to the object to be crushed. The material to be crushed is discharged back into the center of the impeller. This ensures that the material to be crushed is The impeller blades are pounded as many times as possible before reaching a certain rotational speed. The crushed material is transported outward along the surface.

Brief description of the drawing FIG. 1 is a front view of the crusher of the present invention.

2 is a side view of the crusher of FIG. 1; FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a part of the crusher of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a partially cut away perspective view of the impeller and annular knife assembly of the present invention; This is a perspective view.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the knives constituting the annular knife row.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of the impeller of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the impeller of FIG. 6 taken along the line ■-■.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the impeller blade of FIG. 6 taken along the line ■-■.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the impeller showing the collision surface of objects to be crushed.

Figures 10 to 13 show the conventional installation direction of knives in rows. , shows a partial view of the impeller cutting edge and knife row.

FIG. 14 shows a first embodiment of the knife orientation of the present invention, and shows the impeller. shows a partial schematic diagram of the cutting edge and knife.

FIG. 15 shows a second embodiment of the orientation of the knives in an annular row; A partial schematic diagram of the blade edge of the impeller and the knife is shown.

FIG. 16 is a sectional view showing a part of the crusher having another mechanism for supplying the material to be crushed. be.

Figures 1.7A to 17E are plan views of impeller blades showing modified examples of the blade shape. It is.

FIG. 18 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of knives forming an annular knife row.

FIG. 19 is a sectional view taken along line XIX-XIX in FIG. 18.

Figure 20 shows the knife and impeller cutting edge of Figure 18 installed in a first orientation; FIG.

Figure 21 shows the knife and impeller cutting edge of Figure 18 installed in a second orientation; FIG.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A grinding device according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

This pulverizer includes a pulverizer 10 and a supply mechanism 12 that supplies a material to be pulverized to the pulverizer 10. and an electric motor 14 that drives the impeller of the crusher 10. . The driving force transmission mechanism 16 is constituted by a driving belt or a driving gear, and includes a motor. an electric motor 14 and a crusher to transmit rotational motion from the output shaft of 14 to the impeller; 10 impellers.

All of these components are mounted on a support base 18. Also, this support The base 18 includes known elements for controlling the operation of the motor 14 and the feed mechanism 12. A control panel 20 is supported.

The supply mechanism 12 is composed of a screw type supply conveyor 22, The feed conveyor 22 is interconnected with a feed screw drive motor 24. driven in a known manner. The supply conveyor 22 conveys the material to be crushed in the hopper 26. The material to be crushed is conveyed to the crusher 10 through contact. The crusher 10 has an open bottom portion 32a. The pulverizer housing 32 has a pulverizer housing 32 . Therefore, during the crushing operation At this time, the material to be crushed moves in the hopper 26 in the direction of the arrow 28 and passes through the supply conveyor. 22 to the crusher 10. Then, the crushed material is crushed The liquid is discharged from the open bottom 32a of the container housing 32 in the direction of the arrow 34.

As shown in detail in Figure 3.4.6, the crusher 10 includes an annular knife assembly 38. It has an impeller 36 arranged rotatably about an axis 76 inside. impe The impeller 36 has an impeller main body 40, and this impeller main body 40 has a large number of impellers. A propeller blade 42 is attached. Each impeller blade 42 extends along its length. The material orientation has a surface 44.

As shown in FIG. It is a linear surface extending parallel to an axis 46 extending in the direction, and has a concave shape around the axis 46. It may be bent.

In a known manner, a hard metal tip member 48 is attached to each impeller blade 42 in a radial direction. attached to the outermost part of the

The straight, chord-shaped object orientation surface 44 is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,888,426. This is a significant improvement over the curved guide surface of the impeller blade shown. Said bent The object to be crushed may perforate the blade behind the cutting edge due to the guide blade surface of the present invention. It is believed that straight oriented surfaces 44 alleviate such problems. So As such, such blades show little wear even after extensive use.

As shown in FIG. 6, the tip member 48 is located at the radially outermost front portion of each moon 42. Like the minutes, they extend radially. In the case of a chord-shaped object to be crushed, the surface 44 extends in the radial direction. It extends at an angle with respect to the tip of the blade that extends along the plane 44. The material to be ground passes through the surface 44 before it is contacted by the corresponding cutting edge. After leaving, - for a moment it is suspended in space without contact with any surface. blade When the tip comes into contact with the object to be crushed, the cutting edge carries the object into the rotating path of the knife. .

The concave object orientation surface 44 serves three basic functions. That is, 1) The innermost portion of the surface 44 in the radial direction directs a portion of the material to be crushed into the impeller. Orient towards the heart. 2) If the guide surface of the blade is flat, the surface 44 will be Convey the material to be ground through areas where it can leak outside the assembly. 3) Surface 44 is covered with powder Place the crushed material in the center of the knife.

The radially inner portion of each impeller blade 42 is a crushing object collision surface 43 shown with diagonal lines in FIG. is formed. When the material to be crushed passes over the impeller 40 radially outward , surface 43 first contacts the object to be ground. Through this contact, the object to be crushed becomes becomes smaller. The 16 blades of the impeller 40 rotate at 9300 revolutions per minute. The supplied material to be crushed collides with the surface of the blade at a rate of about 2480 times per second. Also, The object collision surface 43 transmits the forward rotational speed to the object to be crushed, and drives the object to be crushed by the impeller. Orient towards the center of 40. The stage when the material to be crushed first enters the impeller In this case, the material to be ground has only a very low rotational speed. Impeller blades and powder coating Because the difference in rotational speed between the material and the material to be crushed is very large, the impeller blades must move rapidly against the material to be crushed. This causes the material to be crushed to enter between the blades of the impeller. I can't.

Any contact between the object to be crushed and the impact surface 43 imparts a very high rotational speed to the object to be crushed. give. At some point, the rotational speed of the object to be crushed becomes so high that it acts on the object. Due to the centrifugal force, the material to be ground is drawn between the blades of the impeller and The crushed material orientation contacts surface 44 . The material to be crushed is then conveyed along the surface 44 contact with knife 50;

As shown by diagonal lines in FIG. The inner part 44a and the convex parts 43a provided on both sides of the part 44 with the direction of the object to be crushed. It is composed of. The surfaces 43a and 44a are such that the direction of the surfaces 43a and 44a is such that the object to be crushed is The material to be crushed is shaped so that it is pushed toward the center of the blade, so the object to be crushed does not pass between the blades. It is struck as many times as possible before being carried outward. Or impeller The radially inner portion of the blade 42 may be formed as shown in FIGS. 17A to 17E. However, it is not limited to these.

As shown in detail in FIGS. 3 and 4, the annular knife assembly includes a number of knives 50. We are prepared. These knives 50 are held in place by knife retaining rings 52,54. They are supported in an annular row around the outer periphery of the impeller 36 and spaced apart from each other by a certain distance. There is. The cutting edge of the knife 50 is cut at an angle as shown in 50a and 50b in FIG. and the knife retaining ring 52°54 is formed at an angle corresponding to the cut. curved surface 52a.

54a. The elastic ring 56 is The blade retaining ring 52 extends circumferentially to elastically support the end of each knife 50. ing. The diameter of the blade is adjusted by the blade contacting the leg of the knife positioning ring 58. Movement in the outward direction is prevented. Ring 58 is attached to knife support ring 62,64. The knife support rings 62, 64 also have knife retaining rings 52 ．． 54 is installed. A cover plate 66 is attached to the knife support ring 64. The knife support ring 62 is firmly attached to the positioning plate 68. Ru. The inner knife positioning rings 70° 72 are respectively connected to the cover plate 66. It is attached to the positioning plate 68 and is arranged on both sides of the impeller blade 42. Ru. These members prevent the knife 50 from moving radially inward and also prevent the knife 50 from moving radially inward. a pocket-like cavity within which the outward projection of the impeller blade 42 can move; form.

A structure that attaches and supports the knife 50 and an impeller in which the object to be crushed rotates are arranged radially outward. It passes toward the side and passes through the space between the knives 50 while making contact with the space between the knives 50. Mechanisms for crushing by grinding are described in U.S. Pat. No. 557, No. 3608598, No. 3888426, and these Each structure is also introduced into the present invention.

The orientation of the knife disclosed in each of the above-mentioned US patents is shown in FIGS. 10 through 13. There is. As shown in FIG. 10, each knife 50 is located on the upstream side of the knife (arrow 75), if the upstream and downstream are defined based on the moving direction of the blade 40, It is arranged along a radius 74 that passes through the rotation axis 76 of the impeller 40 . Therefore The trailing blade is located radially outward from the leading blade of the adjacent knife. .

As a modification in such a general direction, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, each The knife is tilted in each direction around the innermost half-direction cutting blade 51 located on the upstream side. It is being Furthermore, as shown in FIG. It is located on the same straight line as the radial line 74.

The knife directions shown in FIGS. 14 and 15 are also applicable to the crusher of the present invention. This allows the material to be crushed to be finer than conventional equipment. Traditionally Although it is possible to apply the knife direction to the crusher of the present invention, the knife direction shown in FIGS. The knife orientations shown in FIGS. 1 and 15 are particularly suitable. In Figure 14, the knife 50 each have their upstream faces extending parallel to the radial line 74 and The line 74 is shifted from the upstream surface by a small distance toward the downstream surface. It is oriented as follows. The trailing or downstream blade of each knife is It is located radially outward from the leading edge of the adjacent knife.

In FIG. 15, a radial line 74 passes approximately through the center of the knife 5o. child , the trailing or downstream blade of each knife is the leading edge of the adjacent knife. The blade, that is, the upstream blade, is located at approximately the same radial position. powder covered by the blade Due to the centrifugal force exerted on the crushed material, a part of the crushed material is squeezed into the space between the knives. pushed towards. After that, the extruded material to be crushed is cut and attached to the cutting edge. Therefore, it is pushed into the space between the knives.

In order to grind a particular material to be ground, a knife is used to form the desired final product. The circumferential space between the flap 50 and the knife 50 may be varied. Dimensions of said circumferential space The degree of reduction in Controlled by the number of ifs. In general, the number of knives is large (the more knives you have, the more The dimensions of the circumferential space become smaller.

When manufacturing peanut butter, the knife direction shown in FIG. It is particularly beneficial when applied to grinders.

In one experiment using one crusher of the present invention, at 175 hp, approximately 11 ,000 pounds of superior quality peanut butter was produced. This one powder The crusher is equivalent to two Bauer-type crushers (both 75 horsepower). ), 4 rotary crushers (all used with 40 horsepower), motor-driven pump It has the capacity for six units and one sweep wall heat converter.

You can save a huge amount of tomb energy by using this crusher. At the same time, it is possible to produce products of superior quality in one process.

Table I Test number 1 2 3 4 Number of inches of inner diameter of assembled knife 12 12 12 61 times per minute Number of revolutions 4400 6400 9400 8800 Fee of 0 peripheral speed per second Number of cuts 230 335 492 230 Cut depth in inches, 0062 ．． 0062. 0062. 0059 Number of inches between the blades, 0236 ．． 0236. 0236. 027031 micron below 1.0012 inch Volume ratio 77.7% 81.8% 90.5% 75.5% 88 micron 1.00 Volume rate above 35 inches 5.9% 2.4% 0.0% 5.5% 176 mm Volume ratio above 1.0069 inches 2.8% 0.0% 0.0% 2. 1% average volume; Chron number 27.17 20.64 14,66 26.89 The test results comparing the conventional rotary crusher and the crusher of the present invention are shown in Table I above. It is. These tests test 1 b++lf peanuts. This is done by passing it through multiple times and crushing it. Tests 1 to 3 are based on the present invention. This was done using a rotary pulverizer. Also, test 4 is the innermost edge of the knife. A conventional rotary pulverizer with an internal diameter of 6 inches including the inner diameter was used.

The result of the test is the change in the circumferential speed of the impeller, i.e. How does changing the speed of the tutu affect the quality of the final product, peanut butter? It shows how to give. Test 1.2.3 tested if the knife assembly had a 12 inch inner diameter. The results were obtained by changing the impeller speed of the pulverizer of the present invention. impe Increase the speed from 4400 revolutions per minute (test 1) to 9400 revolutions per minute (test 3). With addition, the volume fraction of very small particles increased from 77.7% to 90.5%.

In addition, particles larger than 88 microns accounted for 5.9% in Test 1, but In test 3, it was 0%. The peanut butter made in Test 3 was of high quality. However, the quality of the peanut butter made in Test 1 was not very good. It is thought that there is no such thing.

Test 4 was conducted with a 6 inch inner diameter of the knife assembly, but the cut depth and blade The dimensions of the circumferential space between the blade and the blade were approximately the same as in Test 1. difference Furthermore, in Test 4, the rotation speed of the crusher was 8800 revolutions per minute. impeller blade The peripheral velocity above is almost the same in Test 4 and Test 1, and the final product is almost the same. It exhibited the characteristics of Therefore, as can be seen from these tests, such meaning The unusual results were not caused by simply increasing the impeller's inner diameter; This is due to the peripheral speed of the cutting edge of the knife, that is, the peripheral speed of the material being crushed as it passes through the knife. considered to be a thing.

Tests have also shown that the present invention improves viscosity in conventional crushers. It became clear. Tests included a 6-inch diameter conventional crusher and a 12-inch diameter crusher of the present invention. Bostwick number 9 on the grinder. 5 stingy This was done by passing a cap. 6 inch diameter crusher in one pass reduced the viscosity of ketchup to a postwick number of 6.9, but the present invention The mill reduced the post wick number to 3.6. The viscosity of 3.6 is the conventional homogeneous It is considered to be equivalent to or better than that produced by Nizer. .

A 12 inch inner diameter knife row is used on an impeller rotating at a speed of 9300 RPM. The material to be crushed is moving at 487 feet per second, or 332 miles per hour. It passes through and is pressed against the knife by its own weight 14,747 times.

We also conducted a test using high-speed photography. In this test, the crushing of the present invention Half-roasted peanuts were crushed in a container. pcanut h xlves) was observed to turn into butter before reaching the knife. . The direction of the object to be crushed is determined by 44, so that the peanut butter is placed in the narrow hole in the center of the knife. It has also been observed being dropped into bongs.

As a result of the above observations, a separate test was conducted without the knife row. Peanuts”7 ( peanul halves) are directed toward an impeller rotating at 9300 RPM. and is discharged from the housing 32. generated in this test The item was peanut butter. This clearly shows that the present invention operates in two stages. It shows that you are doing In other words, these operations occur when the impeller blades are a first dimension reduction stage that performs the action of colliding with the crushed material; and a second dimension reduction stage. This is the movement of the knife row as a floor.

Analysis of peanut butter produced using only an impeller shows that 5 of the particles 9.5% were 31 microns, 9.9% were 88 microns, and the average size of the particles was It was 37.48 microns.

Further, according to the crusher of the present invention, the object to be crushed moves at high speed and the static + 1 = seal Reduces unwanted heat and excessive force caused by friction between the blade and the knife assembly. can be set. When the object to be crushed moves radially outward on the impeller, the object to be crushed reaches the boundary of the impeller, and at this time, the inner knife installation ring 70°72 and the knife The material to be crushed is discharged into a relatively deep pocket formed between the surface of the It will be done. The concave shape of the object to be crushed formed on each impeller blade 42 is determined by the surface 44. The object to be crushed is transported to the center of the knife 50, and the object to be crushed and the ring 70 move at high speed. ．． 72 and the static surface is reduced. The object to be crushed does not come into contact with the knife 50. Tona (prevents escape between the outer boundary of the impeller and the inner surface of the knife row) In order to do this, a stationary ring 70,72 is required.

According to the knife direction shown in Figure 15, it is possible to produce high quality tomato ketchup. Preliminary tests have shown that it is very useful when Control experiment odor The knife direction shown in FIG. 15 and the knife direction shown in FIG. 13 are compared, and the knife direction shown in FIG. As a result, the required power is approximately 23.7 mm without changing the viscosity of the material to be crushed. %.

The crusher of the present invention can be used with various types of feeding mechanisms. Main implementation In the example, a screw-type conveyor 22 is illustrated, but the material to be crushed is If it is a fluid, the material to be crushed is pumped into a known pumping device, as shown in Figure 16. It is then pressure-fed to the impeller 4o through the supply pipe line 80. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 16, The characteristic structure and operation of the crusher are the same as the crusher described above.

As explained above, the crusher of the present invention allows very beneficial results to be obtained. However, under certain circumstances, the finely ground material can be It may get stuck in the gap between the When this blockage occurs, the knife and Push the material through the gap between the knives or between the knives. A separate pressure is created inside the knife. The material to be crushed is cut between knives. inside the inner surface of the knife in order to create sufficient centrifugal force to expel it from between the It is also necessary to form a product layer. This is the result As a result, excessive power is required and correspondingly the temperature of the material to be ground becomes undesirable. It increases it to a very high degree.

When a grinder is used to grind certain materials, further grinding operations may not be possible. The object to be crushed may become stuck between the knives to such an extent that it cannot be crushed.

FIGS. 18 and 19 show other knife configurations to alleviate such problems. This is an example of the following. The knife 82 has beveled edges 82a, 82b; A first side surface 82c and a second side extending in a direction not parallel to the first side surface 82c. It has a surface 82d. The second side surface 82d has an inner surface 82e whose width is equal to that of the outer surface 82f. It is angled so that it is larger than it is wide.

Knife 82 can be used in the various knife orientations shown in FIGS. 10-15. I can do it. A preferred knife 82 orientation is shown in FIG. this direction is similar to that shown in FIG. As shown, the inclined side surface 82d This increases the clearance between adjacent knives. This big rear The lance prevents crushed material from getting stuck between adjacent knives. is prevented.

As shown in FIG. 2 facing upstream. If the upstream inner edge of the knife becomes worn, the knife is turned in the direction shown in FIG. In this direction, the side surface 82c is on the downstream side. Again, the sloped sides 82d separate the adjacent knives. A sufficient clearance is formed between them, and this clearance allows the crushed material to This prevents clogging of the material.

The crusher of the present invention utilizing the knife shown in FIG. 5 and the knife shown in FIG. A comparative test was conducted between the grinder and the grinder of the present invention, which utilizes a pulverizer. for these tests The roasted peanuts are mixed with peanut oil at a rate of 1 hour per hour. 1000 pounds crushed. 130 Bond peanuts were used in each test. Ta. The size of the largest particle is the same as that indicated by the Haveman gauge. It was. To crush peanuts using the knife shown in Figure 5, a power of 150 horsepower is required. Power is required, resulting in a milled product temperature of about 160°F. No. Using the knife shown in Figure 18 requires only 112 horsepower; The final temperature of the resulting grind will be 135°F. In this way, in Figure 18 Using the knife shown can reduce the power required in the grinding process and generate The temperature of the pulverized material can be lowered.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and may depart from the gist of the present invention. It goes without saying that various modifications can be made without departing from the scope.

ma's Convex − 匡 FIG.2 FIG.8 F I G, 7 FIG.9 September 27, 1993

Claims (24)

[Claims] 1. The object to be crushed is pulverized by moving it radially outward of the rotating impeller. An impeller used in a crusher that An annular impeller body that can rotate around the rotation axis and a The impeller blade is equipped with a large number of sharpened impeller blades, and each impeller blade has a chord direction across the impeller body. An impeller characterized in that it has an object orientation surface parallel to an axis extending in the direction. La. 2. It is characterized in that each of the object-to-be-pulverized object orientation surfaces faces the rotational direction of the impeller body. The impeller according to claim 1, characterized in that the impeller has the following characteristics: 3. Each impeller blade forms a radially inwardly facing object impact surface, and this The collision surface comes into contact with the object to be crushed when the impeller rotates and pushes this object into the impeller. Claim 1, characterized in that it is oriented to push out towards the heart. impeller. 4. Equipped with a hard tip member attached to the radially outer part of each impeller blade. The impeller according to claim 1, characterized in that: 5. It is characterized in that the object orientation surface is concavely bent around a chordal axis. The impeller according to claim 1, characterized in that the impeller has the following characteristics: 6. Equipped with an impeller that can rotate around a rotating shaft, this impeller has an annular impeller. It consists of an impeller body and a number of impeller blades attached to this impeller body. The impeller blades orient the material to be crushed parallel to an axis that runs chordally across the impeller body. and a rotating means for rotating the impeller and a rotating means for rotating the impeller, and a rotating means for rotating the impeller, and a rotating means for rotating the impeller, and the impeller blades or between the impeller blades. A supply means that supplies the material to be crushed onto the impeller near the rotating shaft while the rotating shaft is rotating. A pulverizer for pulverizing a material to be pulverized, characterized by comprising: 7. It is characterized in that each of the object-to-be-pulverized object orientation surfaces faces the rotational direction of the impeller body. 7. The crusher according to claim 6, wherein: 8. It is characterized in that each impeller blade forms a radially inwardly facing object impact surface. 7. The crusher according to claim 6, wherein: 9. The portion of the collision surface of each of the objects to be crushed is a shaft extending in a direction perpendicular to the impeller body. The crusher according to claim 8, characterized in that it is curved in a convex manner. 10. Equipped with a hard tip member attached to the radially outer part of each impeller blade. 7. The crusher according to claim 6, further comprising: 11. The rotating means has an impeller whose peripheral speed is at least 400 ft/sec. 7. The crusher according to claim 6, wherein the impeller is rotated so that 12. Claim 1 wherein the impeller has a diameter of at least 10 inches. 1. The crusher according to 1. 13. The claim is characterized in that the supply means comprises a screw type conveyor. The crusher according to claim 6. 14. each said object-to-be-pulverized object orientation surface is bent concavely around a chord-like axis; The crusher according to claim 6, characterized in that: 15. A plurality of knives arranged in a ring at a certain distance from each other around the outer circumference of the impeller. The crusher according to claim 6, further comprising: 16. Each knife has an inner surface, an outer surface, and an inner surface extending between the inner surface and the outer surface. a first side surface portion extending from the side surface portion and a second side surface portion extending from the side surface portion; portion is attached to the first side portion such that the width of the outer surface portion is smaller than the width of the inner surface portion. 16. The crusher according to claim 15, wherein the crusher extends in a direction that is not parallel to the crusher. . 17. The portion of the second side surface that is not parallel to the first side surface is flat. 17. A grinder according to claim 16, characterized in that: 18. The inner surface and the outer surface are perpendicular to the first side surface. The crusher according to claim 16. 19. The objects to be crushed are moved radially outward of the rotating impeller and separated from each other by a certain distance. Used in pulverizers that pulverize objects by passing them through a row of knives. A knife having an inner surface, an outer surface, and a third portion extending between the inner surface and the outer surface. one side surface and a second side surface, at least a portion of the second side surface being relative to the first side surface so that the width of the outer surface section is smaller than the width of the inner surface section. A knife characterized by extending in non-parallel directions. 20. The portion of the second side surface that is not parallel to the first side surface is flat. 20. A knife according to claim 19. 21. The inner surface and the outer surface are perpendicular to the first side surface. The knife according to claim 19. 22. How to rotate an annular impeller around the rotation axis and how each impeller blade a plurality of objects having object orientation surfaces parallel to an axis extending chordwise across the propeller; How to install impeller blades on the impeller, and how to place the material to be crushed in the center of the rotating impeller. The material to be crushed is brought into contact with the impeller blade by centrifugal force, and the material to be crushed is crushed by the impeller blade. A method of crushing the object by pushing it radially outward along the object orientation surface. A method for pulverizing a material to be pulverized. 23. A method of providing an impact surface for objects to be crushed on the part facing radially inward of each impeller blade. 23. The method of claim 22, comprising: 24. A plurality of knives are arranged in a ring shape around the outer circumference of the impeller at a certain distance from each other, The material to be crushed that has passed through the impeller blade comes into contact with the knife, creating a space between the knives. 23. The method of claim 22, further comprising: Method described.