JPH06398A - Facility for drying and adjusting grain - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To execute adequate administration, such as drying and adjusting of grains, according to the difference in the time for reaping of received grains by taking the difference in the time for the reaping into consideration. CONSTITUTION:The grains received in a receiving hopper 1 are supplied through an elevator 2 for receiving and a coarse screening machine 3 to a metering instrument 4. The received grains are metered and a partly extracted as measurement samples in the metering instrument 4. The extracted samples are subjected in the raw unhulled state to the nondestructive measurement of moisture value and inclusion rate of green unhulled grains by a device 6 for deciding the time for reaping. The time for reaping the grains is decided to be, for example, 'early reaping', 'adequate', 'late reaping' in the device 6 for deciding the time for reaping according to the results of the measurement. The grains under metering in the metering instrument 4 at present are filled into prescribed sorting tanks 10A to 10I according to the results of the decision.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an improvement of a grain drying / preparation facility for receiving grains, then drying and preparing and shipping the grains.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a facility of this type, as described in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-201941, the quality of a sample grain collected from a receiving grain is measured by a grain quality determination device, and the sample is measured. The taste and chemical content of the grain are measured by a chemical component measuring device, and the received grain is sorted into a predetermined tank among multiple storage tanks based on these measured values, and the grain is dried by its quality. It is known to manage, prepare, and ship.

[0003]

By the way, since the producer decides the mowing time of the grain to be received at the grain drying and preparing facility, the mowing time is not always appropriate and may be too late or too early. Often.

However, in conventional grain drying and preparing facilities, no consideration has been given to the early and late harvesting of the consigned grain.

In view of the above, it is an object of the present invention to recognize the early or late harvesting time of grain at the time of receiving the cargo, and to manage the grain according to the early or late harvesting time.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has the following constitution.

That is, the present invention provides a plurality of sorting tanks for sorting the received grains in a grain drying and preparing facility which receives the grains, then desiccates and prepares them before shipping.
And a sorting means for detecting whether the harvesting time of the received grain is early or late, and sorting means for sorting into a predetermined sorting tank among the plurality of sorting tanks according to the detected early or late harvesting time. .

[0008]

In the present invention, the mowing time detecting means detects whether the mowing time of the received grain is early or late. The early or late detection of the mowing time is performed based on, for example, both the unripe rice contamination rate, which is an index of the ripeness (maturity) of the grain, and the moisture value related to grain ripening. The sorting means sorts the received grain into a predetermined sorting tank among a plurality of sorting tanks according to the early or late cutting time detected by the cutting time detection means. Is detected and the grains are sorted into a predetermined sorting tank according to the detection result. Therefore, it is possible to manage the drying, preparation, and shipping of the grains according to the early or late cutting time of the grains.

[0009]

EXAMPLES Next, examples of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 1 is an example of a grain drying and preparing facility to which the present invention is applied. In the figure, reference numeral 1 is a load receiving hopper for receiving a grain of a producer, and a grain put into the load receiving hopper 1 is a load receiving hopper. Roughing machine 3 via elevator 2
It is configured to be stuck in. The roughing machine 3 is connected to a weighing machine 4 for weighing the received grain. The weighing device 4 is configured so as to weigh the received grain and guide it to the stake elevator 5, and at the time of weighing, a part thereof is extracted (collected) as a verification sample and guided to the cutting timing determination device 6. Constitute.

The mowing time determining device 6 measures the water content of the raw paddy sample and the rate of mixing of the green paddy, and determines the cutting time of the receiving paddy based on the measurement result as described later. A voluntary verification device 7 is connected to the cutting time determination device 6. The voluntary verification device 7 removes the paddy sample into brown rice, sorts the brown rice sample into sized particles and waste particles, and weighs the weight of each of the sized particles and waste particles with a weighing machine.
It grades the quality of grains. Voluntary verification device 7
A sample wrapping device 8 that wraps the sized and scrap particles that have been voluntarily tested is connected to.

The end of the stake elevator 5 is connected to the start of the sorting conveyor 9. A plurality of sorting tanks 10A to 10I are arranged below the sorting conveyor 9. The sorting conveyor 9 sorts the grain being conveyed by the conveyor into any one of the sorting tanks 10A to 10I.
They are provided directly above the respective receiving ports of 0A to 10I. Each sorting valve is configured to be driven by each motor.

Below the discharge ports of the plurality of sorting tanks 10A to 10I, there is provided a discharge / circulation conveyer 12 for conveying the discharged grains, and the end of the conveyor 12 is for discharge.
It is connected to the starting end of the circulation elevator 13. Elevator 1
A bifurcated duct 14 is connected to the discharge port of No. 3, one of which is connected to the starting end of the sorting conveyor 9, and the other is connected to the relay tank 15. At the branch of the bifurcated duct 14,
A switching valve (not shown) that switches the discharge direction is provided.

The discharge port of the relay tank 15 is connected to the expansion port of the grain dryer 17 via the dryer expansion elevator 16. The discharge port of the grain dryer 17 is connected to the discharge conveyor 18 and the pick-up elevator 19. The outlet of the lifting elevator 19 is connected to a temporary storage tank or the like (not shown).

Next, an example of the control system of the grain drying and preparation facility having such a configuration will be described with reference to FIG.

In FIG. 2, reference numeral 20 denotes a central control processing unit for controlling each section as will be described later, which is composed of a computer. In addition to the cutting timing determination device 6 and the voluntary verification device 7, the central control processing device 20 includes a sorting conveyor 9,
A control target such as the grain dryer 17 is connected.

Next, a concrete configuration example of the above-mentioned cutting time determination device 6 will be described with reference to FIG.

The cutting time determining device 6 is composed of a spectroscopic device main body 21 composed of each part described below, and a detection unit 22 composed of each part described below.

In the main body 21 of the spectroscopic device, a light source 23, a reflecting mirror 24, and a diffraction grating 26 driven by a diffraction grating driving motor 25 are arranged as shown in the figure, and control is performed to control each part as described later. It has a circuit 27. Light source 23
Shall be able to emit light in the visible to near infrared range.

The detector unit 22 includes a mounting unit 28 for mounting a sample container containing a sample to be measured at the time of measurement, and a transmitted light detector 2 for detecting transmitted light of the sample.
9 and a reflected light detector 3 for detecting reflected light from the sample
It consists of 0 and. In this detection unit 22, when the transmitted light detector 29 detects the transmitted light, a transparent sample container is attached to the attachment portion 28, and the reflected light detector 30 is attached.
When the reflected light is detected by, the sample container having the reflecting portion is mounted on the mounting portion 28.

Next, the control processing system of the cutting time determination device 6 thus configured will be described with reference to FIG.

The control circuit 27 has a transmitted light detector 29, a reflected light detector 30 and the like connected to its input side. further,
The light source 23, the diffraction grating driving motor 25, and the like are connected to the output side of the control circuit 27. The control circuit 27 uses the CPU 31 of the computer main body via a communication input / output unit (not shown).
Connect to. The CPU 31 performs a cutting time determination process and the like as described later. In addition to the memory 32, a keyboard 33 as an input device and a display device 34 as an output device are connected to the CPU 31, respectively.

Next, an example of the operation of the grain drying and preparing facility having such a configuration will be described below.

When the receiving grain is put into the receiving hopper 1, it is fed to the roughing machine 3 by the receiving elevator 2 and processed, and then the weighing device 4 weighs it. Extraction (collection) of a part of it as a sample for verification during weighing
Then, the cutting time determination device 6 is guided. The moisture value and the rate of mixing of green rice with the raw rice sample introduced into the cutting time determination device 6 are measured as follows.

First, after the raw grain of the sample is not crushed, the sample container is filled with a predetermined amount as it is, and then the sample container is mounted on the mounting part 28 of the detection unit 22. This work is performed automatically or manually. The raw rice sample may be crushed.

Next, when the spectroscopic device body 21 and the detection unit 22 are put into operation, the light emitted from the light source 23 reaches the diffraction grating 26 via the reflecting mirror 24 and is dispersed there. Reach the sample. Then, the reflected light from the sample is detected by the reflected light detector 30. On the other hand, the wavelength of the light passing through the sample changes as the diffraction grating 26 rotates, so that the reflected light detector 30 continuously detects a signal corresponding to the wavelength.

Next, based on the detection result of the reflected light detector 30, the absorbance (absorption spectrum) for each wavelength of light in the near-infrared region from visible light is obtained, and then the first-order differentiation of the absorbance is performed. Absorbance or its absorbance is 2
The second-order differentiated second-order absorbance is calculated.

Subsequently, for example, based on the absorbance at a predetermined wavelength, which is an index of the content of water in the calculated secondary differential absorbance, the moisture value M is calculated by the following equation (1) using a calibration curve previously obtained. calculate.

M = K0 + K1 × L (N1) + K2 × L (N2) (1) Here, K0, K1, and K2 are constants, and L (N) is a second-order differential absorbance at a wavelength Nnm, for example, N1. Is 920 nm.

Similarly, among the calculated second-order differential absorbances, based on the absorbance at a predetermined wavelength, which is an index of the content of blue rice, the mixing ratio α of green rice is determined according to a calibration curve previously obtained.
Is calculated by the following equation (2).

Α = K0 ′ + K1 ′ × L (N3) + K2 ′ × L (N4) (2) Here, K0 ′, K1 ′, and K2 ′ are constants and L
(N) is the second-order differential absorbance at the wavelength Nnm, and for example, N3 is 670 nm.

Next, depending on the moisture content M of the sample raw rice and the measurement result of the green rice mixing ratio α, the harvesting time of the consigned grain is either "early cutting", "appropriate" or "late cutting". It is determined whether there is any.

An example of the relationship between the number of days after the ear of rice emerges (the number of days after head emergence) and the change in the moisture value of grains, the occurrence rate of green rice, brown rice, or broken rice is shown in FIG. As shown in. In addition, FIG. 6 shows each value corresponding to the predetermined number of days after heading in FIG. 5 and shows the appropriate cutting time corresponding thereto.

Therefore, an example of the measurement result of the water value M of the sample raw rice and the mixing ratio α of green rice and the determination result of the cutting time corresponding thereto is shown in FIG. 7, for example. The criteria for determining the mowing time is determined based on the mowing year, variety, production area, fertilizer management, and the like.

In FIG. 7, "early" means "early mowing",
“Appropriate” means “appropriate”, and “slow” means “late cutting”. Even in the case of the same "late cutting", in the case of A in the figure, the amount of green rice is large even though the water content is low, and the rice is not fully grown and has a low degree of solidification. Also, in the case of B in the figure, the water content is low and the rate of mixing of blue rice is extremely low,
Brown rice, rice with many cracks.

When the mowing time is determined in this way, the destination of the grain currently being received is determined in order to sort the grains having the same mowing time into the same sorting tank. Then, the grain that has been received is sorted into the sorting tank 10A for each group at the time of cutting, which is surrounded by the frame shown in FIG.
Each unit is controlled so as to be installed in a predetermined sorting tank of 10 to 10I.

Therefore, for example, when it is determined that the harvesting time of the received grain is "late cutting" shown by A in FIG. 7,
For example, the sorting valve of the sorting conveyor 9 above the sorting tank 10A opens. Therefore, the stake elevator 5
Grains conveyed by the sorting conveyor 9 via the are dropped and stored in the sorting tank 10A.

After that, the grains put into the sorting tanks 10A to 10I according to the mowing time, the discharging / circulating conveyor 12, the discharging / circulating elevator 13, the bifurcated duct 14, the relay tank 15, and the dryer are charged. It is put into the grain dryer 17 via the elevator 16 and dried.
After drying, hulling, grain selection, etc. are carried out before shipment.

In the drying and preparing steps or the subsequent processing steps, the processing is made different depending on the cutting time of the grain, and the grain processing is optimized. For example, early-cutting paddy is dried at a particularly low drying temperature,
Careful selection of grain shape ensures uniform brown rice. On the other hand, late-cut paddy produces low brown rice with a slightly higher percentage of damaged grains, so color selection etc. should be thoroughly performed in the subsequent rice polishing process. Also, when the cutting time is appropriate, it can be stably supplied as high quality brown rice. In particular, it is possible to sort at a level different from that obtained by early cutting, and it is possible to arrange uniform grains.

In the embodiment described above, the early or late cutting time of the paddy is received non-destructively as the raw paddy by the cutting timing judging device 6 at the time of receiving the load, and the paddy is sorted into a predetermined sorting tank according to the detection result. As a result, it is possible to manage the drying and preparation of the paddy according to the difference in the cutting time, and it is possible to stably supply high quality brown rice if the cutting time is appropriate.

Further, the cutting time judgment device 6 judges the cutting time of the paddy based on both the rate of mixing the green paddy, which is an index of the ripeness (maturity) of the raw paddy, and the moisture value related to the ripening of the paddy. Therefore, the determination accuracy is good.

Since the above-described cutting time determination device 6 can be utilized as a device when a producer cuts grain, an example of its use will be described with reference to FIG.

First, the raw paddy whose harvest time is approaching is harvested as a measurement sample, the sample raw paddy is filled into the sample container as a grain in a predetermined amount, and then the sample container is attached to the attachment portion 28 of the detection unit 22. To do. Next, after performing the spectrum measurement as described above (step S
1), after performing spectrum calculation processing to obtain the absorbance (absorption spectrum) for each wavelength of visible light and near-infrared light, first-order differential absorbance obtained by first-derivating the absorbance, or second-order differentiation obtained by second-derivating the absorbance The differential absorbance is calculated (step S2).

Next, the moisture value of the paddy is obtained by the above equation (1) (step S3), and then the rate of mixing the green rice is obtained by the above equation (2) (step S4). Then, the cutting time is determined based on these both measured values, and the determination result is displayed on the display device 34 (step S5). FIG. 9 shows an example of the display of the cutting time corresponding to the moisture value of paddy and the mixing rate of paddy.

In FIG. 9, "slightly early" indicates that the cutting time is a little early, "early" indicates that the cutting time is early, "appropriate" indicates that the cutting time is appropriate, "late" indicates that the cutting time is late, and "slightly late". Means that the harvest time is a little late. Therefore, for example, the moisture value M of paddy is 28%, and the mixed rate α of paddy is 2
When it is 0%, it is indicated that the cutting time is too early.
4 similarly, when M = 27% and α = 10%, it is displayed that the cutting time is appropriate, and M = 20%, α
= 10% indicates that the cutting time is too late.

As described above, in this device, the cutting time of the paddy is determined based on both the rate of the green paddy, which is an index of the ripeness of the raw paddy, and the moisture value related to the ripening of the paddy. Therefore, the determination accuracy is good.

[0047]

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to detect whether the grain cutting time is early or late at the time of receiving the cargo and to sort the grains in a predetermined sorting tank according to the detection result. In addition to controlling the drying and preparation of grains according to the difference, those with proper cutting time can be stably supplied as high quality brown rice.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the overall configuration of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a control system of the embodiment shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a mowing time determination device.

4 is a block diagram of a control processing system of the apparatus shown in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the number of days after heading, the occurrence rate of green rice, brown rice, and cleft cracks, and the water content.

FIG. 6 is a table showing a typical example thereof.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the moisture value and the rate of mixing green rice with the raw rice and the harvesting time of the consigned grain.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an example of utilization of the cutting time determination device.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the moisture value of green rice and the mixing ratio of green rice and the cutting time of the consigned grain.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Receiving Hopper 6 Mowing Timing Determination Device 9 Sorting Conveyor 10A to 10I Sorting Tank 17 Grain Dryer 20 Central Control Processing Unit

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A harvesting time detecting means for detecting an early or late harvesting time of a received grain in a grain drying / preparation facility for receiving, then drying and preparing the grain and then providing a plurality of sorting tanks for sorting the received grain. And a sorting means for sorting into a predetermined sorting tank among the plurality of sorting tanks according to the detected early or late cutting time.