JPH0639370B2 - Organic composition - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an organic composition for preventing soil diseases, particularly an organic composition for preventing soil diseases caused by continuous cropping disorders.

In field crops, there is a strong demand for continuous cropping due to the formation of production areas,
Continuous crop failure occurs in various vegetables.

According to the vegetable testing station research material No. 18, 46 kinds of vegetables have some kind of continuous cropping disorder, 72% of which is caused by disease.

The present invention relates to an organic composition that prevents such diseases.

2. Description of the Related Art Chemical soil disinfection with chloropicrin, methyl bromide, etc. or thermal soil disinfection with solar heat or steam has been performed as a method for preventing the occurrence of soil diseases.

Further, as an ecological control means, soil diseases are controlled by applying organic substances and adding antagonistic bacteria to soil.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention In chemical soil disinfection and heat-based soil disinfection, the bacterial density of soil microorganisms is extremely reduced, and therefore agricultural machinery and agricultural machinery to which pathogenic bacteria are attached are brought into soil after disinfection. Or if it is re-contaminated by diseased seedlings,
There are cases where the disease is more severe than before disinfection. (Pesticide of the month
Vol. 30, No. 5, p126-130 [1986]) In the case of organic application, this technique is still in the research stage, and its effect has been studied in individual cases, but when reducing the disease and promoting it. There is. (See Plant Protection Vol. 35, No. 3, p. 108-114 [1981]) In addition, the amount of organic matter required for application is large, and there is a problem of supply amount depending on the type. For example, a well-known method for applying an organic substance is application of chitin, which is obtained from crab shells and shrimp shells, but there is a problem in the supply system.

Fermentation for composting is required depending on the type of organic matter, but there is no clear indicator of the progress of composting, and cases have been reported in which immature compost is applied to cause plant growth failure. There is. (Agriculture and gardening Vol. 50 No. 2
p295-300 [1975]) Using antagonistic bacteria, the antagonistic bacteria are introduced into soil to grow,
Attempts have been made to suppress pathogenic fungi such as filamentous fungi and prevent the occurrence of diseases, but there are only a limited number of examples of controlling soil diseases using antagonistic fungi. Since the antagonistic bacteria attempted to be introduced are foreign bacteria, they do not always colonize the introduced soil, and even if they do colonize, the activities of the antagonistic bacteria are limited only by the limited nutrient sources in the soil. In addition, even if a nutrient source (organic substance, etc.) for supplementing the nutrient source in the soil and activating the antagonistic bacteria is given, intense competition for utilization of the nutrient source with the microorganism originally inhabiting the soil occurs, and the antagonistic bacteria are given. Available nutrition sources are not always available. (Refer to Agriculture and Horticulture Vol. 46, No. 8, p1137-1142 [1971]) In addition, there are already commercially available anti-cropping and anti-cropping agents containing antagonistic bacteria under various names. Depending on the soil conditions and environmental conditions, the antagonistic bacteria contained therein may not be able to fully act, so that the onset of the effect is extremely unstable.

An object of the present invention is to provide an organic composition for preventing soil diseases, which has an economical and stable effect.

Means for Solving Problems The present inventors have earnestly conducted research on a method for preventing soil diseases using a microbial antagonistic phenomenon in soil.

As a result, the continuous cropping soil forms a soil environment in which pathogenic bacteria are easy to act, and it is difficult for antagonistic bacteria having an inhibitory action against pathogenic bacteria to act, and even if such antagonistic bacteria are introduced into continuous cropping soil. It was found that the purpose could not be achieved because the soil environment does not allow the activity of antagonistic bacteria. Based on such findings, the present inventors have made various studies, and as a result of applying the organic composition of the present invention to such soil, an environment partially suitable for the activity of antagonistic bacteria is generated, and the environment is antagonized in such an environment. At the same time that the bacteria start to act, the antagonistic bacteria themselves expand the environment suitable for such activities, and by changing the soil environment from the environment in which the pathogenic bacteria are likely to act to the environment in which the antagonistic bacteria are likely to act, The inventors have found that an antagonistic phenomenon occurs, and as a result, the activity of pathogenic bacteria is suppressed and the occurrence of soil diseases can be prevented, and the present invention has been completed.

The purpose of the organic composition for preventing soil diseases of the present invention is that one or more actinomycetes, which are selected from the genus Streptomyces having an antibiotic action on phytopathogenic bacteria in soil such as filamentous fungi, are easy to act. Creating the environment in the soil. Therefore, the present invention, these actinomycetes, as a nutrient source that can be preferentially utilized over microorganisms other than actinomycetes living in soil, selected from photosynthetic bacterial cells, plant extraction residues and wastewater treatment sludge. It is intended to provide an organic composition for preventing soil diseases, which comprises a mixture with one or more components as a soil microbial nutrient source (hereinafter, the soil microbial nutrient source is referred to as a preferential nutrient source).

As the photosynthetic bacterial cells in the organic composition of the present invention,
For example, cells of purple non-sulfur bacteria can be used.
It is also possible to use the surplus sludge of the wastewater treatment using the purple non-sulfur bacteria as it is.

Further, in the present invention, such photosynthetic bacterial cells are used in combination with plant extraction residues or general wastewater treatment sludge. The proportion used in combination is such that the phototrophic bacterial cells are contained in the preferential nutrient source in an amount of preferably 1 to 50% (by weight), more preferably 5 to 20% (by weight).

As the plant extraction residue, a residue obtained by industrially obtaining glycyrrhizin, gallic, tannin and the like, a residue obtained by extracting coffee, tea and the like used in the field of foods, and the like can be used.

As the wastewater treatment sludge, surplus sludge produced when the wastewater is treated by a normal activated sludge method can be used.

Examples of actinomycetes having an antibiotic action include Streptomyces. More specifically, Streptomyces achrom
ogenes, Streptomyces phaeopureus, Streptomyces h
ygroscopicus, Streptomyces nitrosporeus, Streptom
An example is yces barnensis.

These actinomycetes generally live in soil and can grow using the organic composition of the present invention as a nutrient source. Preferably, these actinomycetes are added to the composition of the present invention to ensure the growth thereof. At that time, the mixing ratio of the actinomycetes is 0.01 to 10% (by weight) of the whole organic composition of the present invention as a culture solution in which the actinomycete is cultured in a growth medium such as Waxman medium for about 96 hours at about 25 ° C.

Further, in the organic composition of the present invention, in order to introduce an actinomycete having an antibiotic action against phytopathogenic fungi into the soil, it is desirable to previously include a preferable actinomycete, in which case a bacterium having a competitive action on the pathogenic fungus. And / or yeast is preferably contained.

Of these bacteria and yeast, those that grow fast are good,
Examples of the bacterium include bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus, Lactobacillus, and Pseudomonas, and examples of the yeast include yeast belonging to the genus Saccharomyces. More specifically, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus
bulgaricus, Pseudomonasputide, Pseudomonas flu
Examples include orescens and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The mixing ratio of these bacteria and / or yeasts is as follows: for bacteria, a culture solution cultured in a growth medium such as a broth medium for about 30 ° C. for 24 hours, and for yeast, a culture solution cultured for about 24 hours in a growth medium such as a wort medium. It is 0.05 to 10% (weight) of the whole organic composition of the present invention as a liquid.

These bacteria and yeast actively proliferate before actinomycetes that have antibiotic activity can sufficiently proliferate and exert their antibiotic effects on plant pathogens in soil, and prevent pathogens from approaching the roots of plants. Play a role in. In this way, since the time required for the pathogenic fungus to approach the roots of the plant is extended, the radiant bacterium can proliferate and exert an antibiotic action during this time. Therefore, by including these actinomycetes, bacteria, and yeasts in the organic composition of the present invention, more reliable measures against soil diseases can be achieved.

It is preferable that the organic composition of the present invention is supplied in the form of granules because it exhibits a particularly excellent soil disease preventing effect stably when the organic composition is formed into granules and used. The volume of such particulate matter is preferably 4 mm ³ or more, more preferably 110 mm ^3.
mm ³ or more.

The reason for the excellent effect of granulation is that actinomycetes and preferential nutrient sources become difficult to separate when applied to soil, and actinomycetes do not compete with the microorganisms that naturally inhabit the soil. It is thought that it will be possible to use it preferentially.

During granulation, the powder tends to be compressed and hardened during the granulation process.
Preference is given to using suitable extenders. As an example of such a bulking agent, a space for habitation of microorganisms is secured,
Further, artificial cultivation residual floor of shiitake waste hoda tree or mushrooms is particularly preferable in that it does not affect the preferential utilization of nutrients by actinomycetes, and the amount thereof is usually 10 to the preferential nutrient sources. The amount is 200% (by weight).

The organic composition of the present invention, before sowing or during the cultivation of crops,
It can be applied to the soil at a rate of 10 g or more, preferably 50 g to 1 kg per 1 m ^{2 of the} field to prevent soil diseases.

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

In the following examples, as photosynthetic bacterial cells,
Rhodopseudomonas capsulatas Microscopic Research Institute Deposit 879
No.) was used for the wastewater treatment sludge of a food factory. As the plant extraction residue, a residue obtained by extracting tannin and a residue obtained by extracting coffee were used. As the discharged sludge, surplus sludge obtained by treating the wastewater of a food factory by a normal activated sludge method was used.

One or more species selected from Streptomyces were used as actinomycetes, one or more species selected from Bacillus, Lactobacillus, and Pseudomonas were used as bacteria, and commercially available baker's yeast was used as yeast.

As the extender, crushed shiitake mushroom waste wood or enoki mushroom residual bed was used.

As the granulated product, spherical granules having a radius of 3 mm were used except where otherwise indicated.

Example 1 0.5 g of various organic substances shown in the following table were added as nutrient sources to 20 g of non-sterilized soil adjusted to have a water content of 18%, placed in a 100 ml Erlenmeyer flask, covered with a cotton plug, and placed in a constant temperature bath at 25 ° C. After leaving it to stand, the soil was sampled from the flask every period, and the total number of bacteria, the total number of actinomycetes, and the total number of filamentous fungi of the collected soil were measured.

From the above results, compared to the standard plot (soil only, no organic matter added), photosynthetic bacterial cells, coffee extraction residue, wastewater treatment sludge and tannin extraction residue showed an increase in bacteria and actinomycetes. The bacterial cells had a high rate of increase in actinomycetes.

The chicken dung showed an increase in actinomycetes, but the rate of increase in filamentous fungi was also high.

Example 2 The same test as in Example 1 was performed using the nutrient sources described in the table below.

In this test, the amount of nutrients added to 20 g of soil is as follows. In the mixture of the coffee extraction residue, the wastewater treatment sludge and the tannin extraction residue, 0.5 g of these three kinds were mixed in a ratio of 1: 1: 1 by weight. In the case of a combination of each nutrient source and photosynthetic bacterial cells, 0.05 g of photosynthetic bacterial cells was mixed with 0.45 g of each nutrient source. In the case of a combination of coffee extraction residue, wastewater treatment sludge, tannin extraction residue and photosynthetic bacterial cells,
It is a mixture of coffee extraction residue, wastewater-treated sludge and tannin extraction residue in a ratio of 1: 1: 1 by weight of 0.45 g, and 0.05 g of photosynthetic bacterial cells.

From the above results, an increase in actinomycetes was observed in all combinations of one or more selected from plant extraction residue and wastewater-treated sludge and photosynthetic bacterial cells, and the rate of increase of actinomycetes was higher than that in the case of each alone.

Example 3 A mixture of coffee extraction residue, wastewater treatment sludge and tannin extraction residue at a ratio of 1: 1: 1 was used as a basic nutrient source, and photosynthetic bacterial cells were designated as the basic nutrient source (%). (Weight)) 0.5g
The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed.

From the above results, the rate of increase of the actinogram was high at the mixing ratio of the photosynthetic bacterial cells of 1 to 50%, and particularly the mixing ratio of the photosynthetic bacterial cells of 5 to 20% was good and the number of actinomycetes was increased.

From Examples 1, 2 and 3, the organic composition of the present invention containing a mixture of photosynthetic bacterial cells and one or more components selected from plant extraction residues and wastewater treatment sludge is a preferred nutrient source for actinomycetes. Is extremely useful as

The content of the photosynthetic bacterial cell in the preferential nutrient source is preferably in the range of 1 to 50% (weight), more preferably 5 to 20% (weight).

Example 4 Photosynthetic bacterial cells were used as the basic nutrient source used in Example 3.
% (By weight) is used as a preferential nutrient source, and the preferential nutrient source is granulated into spherical particles and dried (radius 3 mm) (in this example, indicated as granules) and the preferential nutrient source are dried. (10g) was added to a pot with a soil diameter of 30cm and left in the open field.
Total number of bacteria, total number of actinomycetes and total number of filamentous fungi in soil were measured for each period.

From the above results, it was clarified that variations in the results occur in the powder formulation and the results may become unstable even under the same conditions, while the granule formulation stably increases the actinomycetes.

Example 5 Yellow radish fungus (separated from the soil in which radish yellow chlorophyll occurred)
The soil to which was added was packed in a pot with a diameter of 30 cm, and 10 g of the preferential nutrient source used in Example 4 or a combination of the preferential nutrient source and various microorganisms was added to the soil, and then radish was sowed, and sowing 1 Germination after a week was observed, and after 4 weeks, it was harvested and the incidence of radish chlorosis was measured based on abnormal symptoms of the conduit. Each bacterium is a priority nutrient source of 10 g, as an actinomycete
Add 0.2 ml of culture broth of Streptomyces hygroscopicus in Waxman's medium, add 0.2 ml of culture broth of commercially available baker's yeast as malt, and add Ba
cillus subtilis, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and
A culture solution obtained by culturing Pseudomonas putide in a broth medium was added individually in an amount of 0.2 ml or a mixture of 0.2 ml, and the mixture was dried.

This example was tested as a granule.

From the above results, the preferential nutrient sources, the preferential nutrient sources and bacteria and yeast, and the preferential nutrient sources and actinomycetes all decreased the incidence of Japanese radish chlorosis compared to the untreated group, and The combination of nutrients, bacteria, yeast and actinomycetes completely prevented the development of radish chlorosis.

Example 6 The same procedure as in Example 5 was carried out. 0.2 ml of a culture solution obtained by culturing Streptomyces hygroscopicus in Waxman medium in 10 g of the preferential nutrient source used in Example 4 and a culture solution obtained by culturing commercial baker's yeast in a wort medium 0.2 The effects of various bacteria were examined using 0.2 ml of various bacteria that had been cultivated in a broth medium added to the combination with ml and dried.

This example was tested as a granule.

Based on the above results, Bacillus sp. Or Lactbacillus sp.
eudomonas sp. When used alone or in combination with all three, all showed extremely high chlorosis-preventing effect.

Example 7 The same procedure as in Example 6 was carried out. To 10 g of the preferential nutrient source used in Example 4, 0.2 ml of a culture solution obtained by culturing Streptomyces hygroscopicus as a actinomycete in a Waxman medium was added, and as bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus bulgaricus was added.
Granules of various radii were prepared using 0.2 ml each of the culture solution obtained by culturing Pseudomonas putide in a broth medium and 0.2 ml of the culture solution obtained by culturing commercially available baker's yeast as a yeast in a malt medium. The effect of prevention of radish chlorosis depending on the size of the plant was examined.

From the above results, a satisfactory radish chlorosis prevention effect was not obtained with granules, but a high disease prevention effect was obtained with granules having a radius of 1 mm or more.

As is clear from Examples 4 and 7, granules having a volume of 4 mm ³ (radius 1 mm) or more, preferably 110 mm ³ (radius 3 mm) or more have a high soil disease preventing effect.

Example 8 The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out using a mixture of crushed shiitake waste hoda wood at the indicated blending amount (% (weight)) with respect to the preferential nutrient source used in Example 4 as a nutrient source.

The nutrient source of this example was tested as a powder.

From the above results, if the content of the extender of 200% or less of the preferential nutrient source is higher than that of the preferential nutrient source, the actinomycetes in the soil are increased, and the mixture amount of 300% and the shiitake waste hoda wood ground product only. In, the increase of actinomycetes was small and the increase of filamentous fungi was observed.

Example 9 All of the raw materials in Table 9 below are mixed, granules are made by a granulator, the granules are air-dried, and the organic composition of the present invention has a water content of about 15%.
Got 72 kg.

We asked a farmer with strawberry chlorosis in a 5-year consecutive crop house to check the effects of the organic composition obtained above.

Application of the composition according to the invention is carried out 100% per m ² 2 weeks before planting.
It was performed at a rate of g. The chloropicrin treatment as a control was performed according to the generally used chlorpicrin method.

As is clear from the above table, the effect of the composition of the present invention to prevent strawberry chlorosis was equal to or higher than that with chlorpicrin treatment, and the yield of strawberries was also equal to that with chloropicrin treatment. On the other hand, the standard plot had a high disease incidence and an extremely low yield.

Similarly, in a radish continuous cropping field, a farmer with radish chlorosis was asked to confirm the effects of the above-obtained organic composition of the invention.

The application of the organic composition of the present invention was carried out at a rate of 1 per m ² two weeks before sowing.
The test was performed at a rate of 00 g, and the incidence and the yield of chlorosis on the 45th day were measured.

It was confirmed that the soil disease-preventing organic composition of the present invention has a high effect of preventing the occurrence of radish yellowing disease and is an effective soil disease-preventing organic composition.

Example 10 All of the raw materials in Table 12 below are mixed, granules are made by a granulator, the granules are air-dried, and the organic composition of the present invention has a water content of about 23%.
Got 99kg.

In a radish continuous cropping field, we asked a farmer in which radish chlorosis is occurring to confirm the effect of the organic composition of the present invention obtained above.

The application of the organic composition of the present invention was carried out at a rate of 1 per m ² two weeks before sowing.
It was carried out at a rate of 00 g, and the incidence and the yield of chlorosis on the 62nd day were measured. The chloropicrin treatment as a control was performed according to the generally used chlorpicrin method.

As is clear from the above table, the radish chlorosis prevention effect of the product of the present invention was equal to or higher than that of the chloropicrin treatment, and the radish yield was also equal to or higher than that of the chloropicrin treatment group.

From Examples 9 and 10, it was revealed that the organic composition of the present invention effectively prevents soil diseases of various plants.

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, it is possible to prevent soil diseases, particularly soil diseases that are the main cause of continuous crop failure, and exert an excellent effect in preventing continuous crop failures.

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. An organic composition for preventing soil diseases, which comprises a mixture of photosynthetic bacterial cells and one or more components selected from plant extraction residues and wastewater treatment sludge. 2. The organic composition according to claim 1, wherein sludge obtained by wastewater treatment using red-colored sulfur-free bacteria or red-colored sulfur-free bacteria is used as the photosynthetic bacterial cells. 3. The organic composition according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising actinomycetes having an antibiotic action on plant pathogenic bacteria in soil and bacteria and yeast having a competitive action on the pathogenic bacteria. . 4. The actinomycetes is of the genus Streptomyces.
es sp.), the bacterium is Bacillus spp., Lactobacillus spp.
p.) and Pseudomonas sp., and the yeast is Saccharomyces spp.
The organic composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is one or more selected from charomyces sp.). 5. The organic composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is a granular dosage form. 6. The organic composition according to claim 5, wherein the volume of the granular agent is 4 mm ³ or more. 7. The organic composition according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the volume of the granular agent is 110 mm ³ . 8. The organic composition according to claim 5, 6 or 7 which contains, as a bulking agent for a granular agent, a crushed product of shiitake waste hoda wood or a residual floor of artificial cultivation of mushrooms.