JPH0633539B2 - Three-dimensional fabric and weaving method thereof - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a three-dimensional woven fabric composed of warp yarns, weft yarns, and knit yarns, which is useful as a reinforcing material for a structure, and a weaving method thereof.

(Prior Art) Various applications have hitherto been filed regarding industrial three-dimensional fabrics and weaving methods.

A typical three-dimensional woven fabric for industrial use is a three-dimensional woven fabric in which warp yarns, weft yarns, and right-angled yarns arranged at right angles to each other are woven so as to shift and meander with respect to one of them.

Further, as a method for weaving such a three-dimensional woven fabric, a bobbin in which a carrier arm of a bobbin carrier that rotates around one of the warp yarn, the weft yarn, and the right-angled yarn contains yarns of the other two components, respectively. The bobbin containing the yarns of the other two components is moved in different orthogonal directions by repeating the operation of sequentially gripping the bobbin and rotating the carrier arm to deliver the bobbins to the carrier arms of the adjacent bobbin carriers. By doing so, a method for weaving a three-dimensional woven fabric is provided (JP-A-60-134044).

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, in the case of the three-dimensional woven fabric, the texture interval of the three-dimensionally woven fabric is arbitrarily made coarse (any space or gap can be formed inside). Therefore, the woven fabric having such a structure is not used as a base material for industrial use, for example, as a reinforcing base material (reinforcement material) for cement of a concrete structure, or a composite material such as an aircraft or a space station. When it is used as a reinforcing base material for a member, cement or resin or the like cannot be substantially filled between the woven structures, so that there is a problem when it is used as a reinforcing material.

Further, the three-dimensional fabric as described above is the above-mentioned JP-A-60-1340.
Although woven by the method disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 44,
In such a conventional method, when the bobbins accommodating the above-mentioned two component threads are simultaneously moved in the directions orthogonal to each other,
They interfere with each other and cannot be moved at the same time.

Therefore, when weaving a three-dimensional woven fabric by such a method, it is necessary to sequentially shift one at a time orthogonal to each other, so that one cycle in weaving (e.g. One cycle of weaving only once) requires time in minutes, and there is a drawback that it is difficult to industrially manufacture in large quantities.

Furthermore, in the above weaving method, due to the above weaving method, the weft thread that has been driven into the warp thread cannot be firmly tightened using the "reeds", and therefore the warp thread and the weft thread The density of the woven fabric composed of was only relatively low, and it was not possible to cope with the case where the woven fabric was required to have a high density.

The present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and it is possible to form a space of an arbitrary size between weaves of a three-dimensional woven fabric, efficiently weave, and increase the density as necessary. It is an object of the present invention to provide a three-dimensional woven fabric having a structure capable of being manufactured and a manufacturing method thereof.

(Means for Solving the Problem) In the three-dimensional fabric according to the present invention, the weft yarns are displaced and meandered with respect to the warp group arranged in a plurality of stages and arranged in a row in each stage, and each stage forms a single layer of fabric. A course in which weaving is performed, and between each of the above-mentioned one-layered fabrics facing each other, the knitting yarns are located before and after the warp yarns of one of the warp groups to be raised or the places to be raised. The weft yarns are combined with each other, and the connection positions of the weft yarns are shifted and coupled by at least one course of the weft yarns in the weaving direction.

Further, in the method for producing a three-dimensional fabric according to the present invention, a warp group consisting of a plurality of warp yarns is arranged in a plurality of stages, and the warp yarns of the warp group in each stage are opened by opening a warp alternately in an appropriate number. Wefts are inserted across these open warps so as to cross these warp yarns, and the weft yarns are joined so that the adjacent weft warp groups and the weaving fabrics inserted therein are joined by lumber. At the point where the yarns to be rehabilitated are inserted, the respective yarns arranged between the above-mentioned stages are displaced in the weft insertion direction with respect to the warp to be rehabilitated, or the warp yarns are retired. It is characterized in that the weft that is about to be replenished by moving it to the opposite side at the opening of the higuchi with respect to the course is dislocated and replenished, and is bonded at that portion.

(Operation) Therefore, as described above, the three-dimensional woven fabric having the above-described structure is formed by weaving the weft yarns in a transposed manner with respect to the warp groups arranged in rows in each stage of the plurality of stages to form each one-layer fabric. Therefore, the woven fabric of each stage can freely increase the density of the woven fabric by "sasa" like the general tail fabric. In addition, as described above, since the layers of the fabrics that are located opposite to each other are joined by transposing the knitting yarns to the warp yarns or the weft yarns of the warp group, the knitting yarns are dislocated. The length of the cotton thread can be set arbitrarily, an arbitrary space can be formed between the layers, and this space can be filled with resin, cement or the like.
Further, as described above, since the connecting portions of the weft yarns are joined while being shifted by at least one course of the weft yarns in the weaving direction, it is not necessary to stop the weaving operation of the warp yarns and the weft yarns for inserting the weft yarns. It is possible to dramatically increase the time of one cycle in weaving (specifically, increase it several tens of times or more).

Further, according to the method for producing a three-dimensional fabric having the above structure,
As described above, it is possible to easily manufacture a three-dimensional fabric having excellent effects.

(Example) Hereinafter, the Example of this invention is described in detail based on drawing.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the structure of a three-dimensional fabric according to this embodiment, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line II of FIG. 1 showing the structure of a three-dimensional fabric, and FIG. 3 is for manufacturing a three-dimensional fabric. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a model of the apparatus of FIG. 4, and FIG. 4 is a plan view of the model shown in FIG.

In FIG. 1, 1 is a warp yarn, 2 is a weft yarn, and 3 is a lumber yarn. In this embodiment, for the sake of easy understanding, the simplest three-dimensional fabric according to the present invention will be described as an example. That is, in this embodiment, the weft yarn 2 is dislocated and meandered with respect to the warp group consisting of the three warp yarns 1, whereby a single layer of the woven fabric A is woven, and the woven fabric A has a plurality of layers (a plurality of layers; ₁ ~
4 layers of A ₄ ) Facing each other vertically (A ₁ layer and A ₂ layer, A ₂ layer and A ₃ layer, A ₃ layer and A)
₍₄ layers) In order to bond between the fabrics A, a single thread 3 (in this embodiment, a single thread 3 is used, but a plurality of threads may be used) is to be picked up. The warp 1 displaces in the weft insertion direction, the knitting yarn 3 pulls against the warp yarn 1, and binding is performed at that position. Another binding method used is to move the weft yarn to the opposite side with respect to the previous course at the opening of the higuchi at the place to be rehabilitated, and in this state, the insertion of the above weft yarn is made. Then, the knitting yarn 3 displaces relative to the inserted weft yarn 2 and is picked up, and binding is performed at that portion.

The knitting yarn 3 connecting between the two layers of the fabric A (for example, the fabric A ₁ layer and the fabric A ₂ layer) facing each other is a single layer of the fabric A.
Of the warp groups in the warp group (for example, _one layer of the woven fabric A), in the present embodiment, the other woven fabric A (for example, the other woven fabric A facing each other at the upper and lower sides of the warp yarns 1 _R and 1 _L ) (for example, Two layers of fabric A (in this case A _{1 in} this case A ₂ layers) and by replenishing at any warp 1 of the warp group, in this example on both sides of the warp 1 _R , 1 _L
Layer and A ₂ layer). That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the first-layer fabric A ₁ and the second-layer fabric A ₂ ,
Second layer fabric A ₂ and the third layer of fabric A _3, the third layer of fabric A ₃ and fourth layer fabric A ₃ between the three搦糸3
They are bonded at (3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , 3 ₃ ).

The three-dimensional woven fabric can be manufactured more efficiently than the conventional three-dimensional woven fabric by using the apparatus shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 as a model. Below, based on this device,
The manufacturing method will be described.

In the figure, three through holes are formed in a frame body (not shown), and three heald rods 10 (10 _R , 1
0 _C , 10 _L ) are arranged respectively. These heddle rods 10
In order to insert the warp 1 of each step,
Two warp thread insertion holes 11 are formed respectively.

Further, in the rear portion of the three heddle rods 10 (which means the wake side in the weaving process; the right side in the drawing), a through hole with 4 is formed in the frame body (not shown). The half heald rods 12 (12 _r , 12 _L , 12 _R , 12 _L ) are vertically arranged. A planar arrangement of the through holes, that is, the half heald rod.
As shown in FIG. 4, the center line on which the heddle rods 10 are arranged is extended so that the semi-held rods 12 and the semi-held rods 13 operate smoothly as a twisting mechanism. 1st across the 0 ₁ and the second half heald rod 12 _r, 12
_{As for L} , the third and fourth half heddle rods 12 _R and 12 _L are arranged, respectively. This semi-held heddle rod 12 has an arbitrary position (that is, 2
One of the two warp groups, one side of any higuchi, or any side of the weft insertion direction of any warp). In this embodiment, the semi-held heddle 12 _L and half heddle 13 _{I The} ends (upper ends) of half heddle 13 ₃ are moved to the left and the left side of warp 1 that is going to pass. In addition, the half heddle rod 12 _R passes the right side of the warp 1 which is going to pass by passing the tips (upper ends) of the half heddle 13 ₁ and the half heddle 13 ₃ to the right side. Similarly, the half heald rod 12 _L passes the left side of the warp yarns 1 to be passed Asked semi heald 13 ₂ tip (upper end) to the left. Further, semi heald rod 12 _r is the half heald 13 ₂ tip (upper end)
The right side of the warp 1 which is going to be passed to the right. And, in each of the above half heald rods 12 _L and 12 _R , 12 _L and 12 _r ,
A guide groove 15 is formed for guiding the half heddle 13 which moves up and down together with the half heddle rod 12 of the other party.

Then, the semi heald rod 12 _L, 12 _R,搦糸3 ₁ and a half heald 13 ₁ having搦糸insertion hole 14 for controlling the semi heald having搦糸insertion hole 14 for controlling the搦糸3 ₃ 13 ₃ attached, half heald rod 1
The 2 _L and 12 _r, semi heald 13 ₂ is attached with搦糸insertion hole 14 for controlling the搦糸3 _2. In the present embodiment, since the three-dimensional fabric as shown in FIG. 1 may be woven, the half heddle 13 ₁ and the half heddle 13 ₃ are attached to the same half heddle rod 12 _L , 12 _R ,
When it is necessary to operate these separately, they may be attached to separate semi-held rods (a pair of semi-held rods).

By the way, a contact point 13 _c with the semi-held rod 12 where they are attached or guided from the tips 13 _{r of the} semi-held healds 13 ₁ , 13 ₂ , 13 ₃
Is the distance (dimension) 1 to the distance between the uppermost and the lowermost positions at which the knot yarn 3 should be located at the weaving point (the point where the weft thread is inserted), that is, in this embodiment, the step (for example, the first step). The distance is set to be equal to the distance between the lower side of the higuchi in the warp group of the upper row and the upper side position of the higuchi in the warp group of the adjacent step (for example, the second step).

A weft yarn guide mechanism 16 is shown in front of the series of half heddle rods 12 (to the right in FIG. 3), which is shown in a rectangular parallelepiped shape or a square shape by two-dot chain lines. The weft thread guide mechanism 16 may be a known one, for example, a shuttle type using a shuttle or a known rapier type if it is desired to narrow the opening size of the higuchi.

Further, although not shown, if necessary, the weft guiding mechanism described above is used.
In front of 16 is a "sasa" to increase the density of the fabric.

Therefore, when manufacturing a three-dimensional fabric, each of the above-mentioned heddle rods 10
The warp yarns 1 are arranged in the four warp yarn insertion holes 11 respectively. The lowermost three warp yarns 1 are the warp yarn group forming the first layer weave fabric A ₁ (the first stage warp yarn group), and the following three warp yarns forming the second layer weave fabric A _2. Group (the second stage warp group), and the following three yarns are the warp group (third group) that forms the third-layer fabric A ₃ .
The uppermost three warp groups are the warp groups (fourth stage warp groups) for forming the fourth layer fabric A ₄ .

Further, the batting thread 3 is disposed in the batting thread insertion hole 14 of each of the half healds 13. The lower part of this string 3 is the first string
A knitting yarn 3 ₁ for connecting the layered fabric A ₁ and the second layered fabric A ₂ with the central knitting yarn for joining the second layered fabric A ₂ and the third layered fabric A _3. yarn 3 _2, the upper搦糸is搦糸3 for coupling the fabric a ₄ of the fabric a ₃ of the third layer a fourth layer
It is ₃ .

In the case of the present embodiment, the weft thread guide mechanism 16 is provided with respective shuttles (not shown) each including the weft thread 2 for inserting the weft thread 2 into the opening of the higuchi of each layer (each step). Has been done.

When the above preparation is completed, weaving starts. That is, the case of weaving the three-dimensional fabric illustrated in FIG. 1 will be described.
Of the three heddle rods 10 _R , 10 _C , 10 _L , two on both sides and one in the center
By operating these three heddle rods 10 _R , 10 _C , 10 _{L so} that the book and the book are located at opposite positions, a higuchi is opened and four half heddle rods 12 _L , 12 _R , 12 _L , 12 _r are appropriately operated to displace the warp or weft at the position where it should be rewound in the course in which the warp or weft is inserted, or in the course before and after that, and the weft guide mechanism 16 is set for each course. The fabric A can be woven by moving the shuttle in the direction orthogonal to the warp yarns 1 with the above operation and timing.

Specifically, when weaving from the right end to the left side in Fig. 1, the operation state of the heddle rods 10 _R , 10 _C , 10 _L and the semi-held rods 12 _L , 12 _R , 12 _L , 12 _r The state will be described with reference to FIG. 5. When weaving the first course (when inserting the weft thread at the right end of the fabric in FIG. 1), the heddle rods 10 _R and 10 _L become heddle rods 10 _C. relatively upward against (first expressed as "upper" in Figure 5) and, and, semi heald 13 ₁ is attached to the half heald rod 12 _R搦糸insertion hole 14
Between the first and second tiers (position "middle" between tiers; fifth
(In the figure, "middle"), the semi-held helix 13 _{3 also has} a half thread insertion hole 14 between the third step and the fourth step (intermediate) on the right side of the warp thread of the heddle heddle 10 _L , respectively. _The half thread heddle 13 ₂ attached to _L has the second row of thread insertion holes 14 (in this half heald, the lower position is shown as "lower" in Fig. 5. The upper position is "upper") It is located on the left side of the warp thread of the heddle heddle 10 _R by the lower side of the higuchi opening (indicated as “(lower)” in FIG. 5 and the upper side of the opening as “(upper)”). To operate. Then, in this state, the shuttle of the weft thread guide mechanism 16 moves to insert the weft thread 2 in each stage.

In the next weaving of the second course, the heddle rods 10 _R , 10 _L descended relative to the heddle rod 10 _C , and the semi-held rod 13 _R attached to the half heddle rod 12 _R 13 ₁搦糸insertion hole 14 between the first and second stages (intermediate), also half heald 13 ₃搦糸insertion hole 14 heald rod 10 respectively between the third and fourth stages (intermediate) of _On the right side of the warp of _L , the heddle thread insertion hole 14 of the half heddle 13 ₂ attached to the half heddle rod 12 _L is located between the second and third steps (middle) on the left side of the warp thread of the heddle heddle 10 _R. Operate to position. Then, in this state, the shuttle of the weft yarn guide mechanism 16 is moved to insert the weft yarn 2 in each stage, and the second course of the fabric A of each layer is woven.

Thus, each heddle rod 10 _R , 10 _C , 10 _L and half heddle rod 12 _L , 12 _R , 1
By manipulating 2 _L and 12 _r so that they are positioned as shown in the front view of FIG. 5, a three-dimensional fabric as shown in FIG. 1 can be woven.

Then, for each course of the weaving, by driving a not-shown “sa” arranged in front of the weft thread guide mechanism 16 with a desired strength as necessary, the weaving is performed in the preceding step. The density of the woven fabric is increased to a desired state, and a desired three-dimensional fabric is completed.

Then, in the woven three-dimensional woven fabric, the woven fabric A of each layer is woven by inserting the weft yarns 2 in a distorted meandering manner with respect to the warp yarns 1 group as in the case of the normal woven fabric. By being able to use “sasa” in the process of weaving, that is, in the process after the insertion of the weft yarn 2, it is possible to make a dense fabric like the normal fabric A, and also to make each layer Since the space between the woven fabrics A can be freely set depending on the setting of the supply amount of the cotton thread 3, it is possible to provide an arbitrary space between the layers.

Moreover, when weaving this three-dimensional fabric, as described above, since the connecting positions of the knitting yarns are displaced by at least one course in the weaving direction, the weaving operation of the warp yarns and the weft yarns is performed in order to join the knitting yarns. Since it is not necessary to fasten it, it is possible to weave the three-dimensional woven fabric having the above-mentioned excellent structure at a speed comparable to that of the conventional woven fabric, that is, at a speed of several tens of times or more than the weaving speed of the present three-dimensional woven fabric.

In addition, in the above-mentioned embodiment, when it is necessary to re-fill the central warp in the warp group of each stage, although not shown, three half heddle rods are provided for one half heddle rod described above. By setting one of the three heddles, the half heddle is moved to the rightmost warp, and the other half heddle is moved to the central warp, and the remaining heddle is moved. It suffices that the warp yarn at the left end is pulled up by operating one half heald rod. Therefore, when the warp group is composed of a plurality of warp yarns of three or more, and when it is necessary to let the warp yarns to the warp yarns other than both ends of the warp yarns, the half heddle to be rehabilitated is operated adjacent to the warp yarns. If a semi-held heddle is provided and the warp thread is rewound by operating the semi-held heddle, the warp thread can be rewound on any warp thread.

Further, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the description is given by taking the shuttle type as the weft guiding mechanism, but it goes without saying that a rapier type can be used.

(Effects of the Invention) In the three-dimensional fabric according to the present invention, as described above, the fabric of each layer (each step) constituting the three-dimensional fabric can be woven at an arbitrary density, and the space between each of the plurality of fabrics is Since it is possible to form a space of any size, it can be used as a base material (reinforcement material) for reinforcing cement in concrete structures, or as an industrial base material for reinforcing composite materials such as aircraft or space stations. It can be used as a material, and in this case, high strength can be obtained due to the high weaving density of each woven fabric, and cement or resin or the like can be filled in the best condition between the woven fabrics of each stage.

Further, according to the weaving method of the present invention, the three-dimensional woven fabric having the excellent configuration as described above can be woven very efficiently, and thus can be provided in large quantities at low cost.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the structure of a three-dimensional fabric according to this embodiment, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line II of FIG. 1 showing the structure of a three-dimensional fabric, and FIG. 3 is for manufacturing a three-dimensional fabric. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a model of the apparatus of FIG. 4, FIG. 4 is a plan view of the model shown in FIG. 3, and FIG. 5 is a table showing the operating states of the heddle heddle and the semi-held heddle during weaving. A: woven fabric, 1 ... warp, 2 ... weft, 3 ... kaki.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A weft yarn is distorted and meandered with respect to a warp group arranged in a plurality of stages and arranged in a row in each stage, and each of the stages forms a single layer of fabric and is positioned to face each other vertically. Between each layer of the above-mentioned fabrics, the knitting yarns are combined by joining the knitting yarns to the weft yarns of the courses located before and after the knitting yarns at the places to be relieved. A three-dimensional woven fabric, characterized in that the points are joined by shifting at least one course of wefts in the weaving direction. 2. A warp group consisting of a plurality of warps is arranged in a plurality of stages, and an appropriate number of warp yarns of the warp group in each stage are alternately opened to open a warp, and these warp yarns are opened at the opened portions. When inserting the wefts, the wefts are inserted so that they cross each other, and the weaving yarns that are adjacent to the stepwise warp groups and the weaving fabrics that are inserted therein are joined together by the weft yarns. In the place to be rehabilitated, each of the reed yarns arranged in the above is dislocated in the weft insertion direction with respect to the warp to be replenished, and the warp yarns are rewound.
Alternatively, a three-dimensional woven fabric is characterized in that the weft that is about to be rewound by moving it to the opposite side at the opening of the higuchi relative to the previous course is dislocated and replenished, and is bound at that part. Production method.