JPH0411044A - Three-dimensional woven fabric and weaving of the same woven fabric - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain three-dimensional woven fabric having a small amount of deformation in the slant direction as aggregate for composite material, comprising a warp layer arranged in parallel to the longer diction of woven fabric without using weft, a bias yarn layer mutually symmetrically slanting in a plane parallel to the warp layer and a vertical yarn layer perpendicular to each warp. CONSTITUTION:A warp layer wherein plural warps are arranged in parallel along the longer direction of woven fabric and a bias yarn layer of a pair of two layers wherein plural bias yarns are mutually symmetrically slanted and laid in a plane parallel to the warp layer. Further vertical yarns are continuously inserted into the warp layer in the thickness direction of the woven fabric in such a way that the vertical yarns are perpendicular to the whole warps constituting the warp layer to give three-dimensional woven fabric having excellent isotropy in the plane without using weft.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a three-dimensional fabric and a weaving method thereof.

[Prior art] Composite materials with a three-dimensional fabric made of three-component threads in the x, y, and z directions as a skeleton material and a matrix of resin or inorganic materials are used as structural materials for rockets, aircraft, automobiles, ships, and buildings. It is expected to have a wide range of uses. Although these composite materials exhibit sufficient strength against tensile loads, compressive loads, and bending loads acting in the X, Y, and Z directions, the amount of deformation caused by forces diagonal to the axial direction is large. There are drawbacks. As a solution to this drawback, JP-A-1-
No. 292162 discloses fiber threads in the longitudinal direction, @ (width) direction, and perpendicular direction, and fiber threads in two directions that run obliquely in a bracing manner with respect to the fiber threads in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction and intersect with each other. A fiber structure (three-dimensional fabric) composed of threads (bias yarn) has been proposed. The manufacturing process involves arranging yarn guide members of a required length in a vertical direction and according to the shape and design density suitable for the fiber structure to be manufactured, and threading the fiber yarn between the guide members. longitudinal direction,
This is carried out by repeating the operations of inserting the yarn orthogonally, meanderingly, and strut-like in the transverse direction a required number of times in the vertical direction, then pulling out the yarn guide member and inserting the vertical yarn through the pulled-out trace.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, in the method for manufacturing a fiber structure (three-dimensional fabric) disclosed in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1-292162, a single continuous thread is guided by a large number of threads. It is difficult to mechanize the insertion of fiber threads (bias threads), which are inserted in a bracing manner in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the fiber threads because they are inserted between members. In addition, when producing three-dimensional fabrics, it is necessary to arrange a large number of thread guide members each time, and there is a problem that it is difficult to continuously produce three-dimensional fabrics.

In addition, when bias yarn B is added in addition to warp yarn 2 and weft yarn X in order to improve the drawbacks of three-dimensional fabrics made of three-component yarns in the x, y, and z directions, it is superior to the in-plane method, but The structure becomes complicated, it is difficult to make the bias yarn thicker than the warp Z and weft X, and the fiber orientation ratio of the bias yarn cannot be increased. On the other hand, it is known that in-plane isotropy can be obtained with a minimum of three axes (Heda, Journal of the Composite Materials Society, Vol. 14,
No, 2. P73 (1988)).

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and includes:
The first purpose is to have in-plane isotropy, which can improve the disadvantage of conventional three-axis three-dimensional fabrics that the amount of deformation in response to diagonal forces is large, and to To provide a three-dimensional fabric that has a simpler structure than a three-dimensional fabric, makes it easier to thicken the bias yarn, increases the fiber orientation ratio of the bias yarn, and facilitates mechanization of continuous production of the fabric. The second object is to provide a method for weaving the three-dimensional fabric.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the three-dimensional fabric of the present invention includes a warp layer consisting of a plurality of warps 2 arranged in parallel along the longitudinal direction of the fabric, and the warp layer. a set of two bias yarn layers each consisting of a large number of continuous bias yarns B arranged so as to be symmetrically inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the fabric in a plane parallel to the fabric; and each row of the warp layer. A device comprising a plurality of continuous vertical systems y for each row arranged in the thickness direction of the fabric in a state perpendicular to the warp threads Z on both sides of the warp threads and rows. In the weaving method described in
are stretched in multiple layers in the thickness direction of the fabric in a state extending in the longitudinal direction of the fabric, and a plurality of bias yarns B are stretched parallel to the warp layer so as to form a set of two layers, and the warp layer Insert the vertical system y in the thickness direction of the fabric between each row and on both outsides of the row to form a loop at the tip, and after inserting the selvedge thread into the loop at the end, pull back the vertical system y, A feeding device disposed in the width direction of the fabric between the cloth front position and the bias yarn supply section, with the vertical system y connected to the fabric being weaved arranged outside the warp yarn group 2 and bias yarn group B. Due to the action of
Bias yarn B is moved by moving the engagement position of a set of two layers of bias yarn B in a state of engagement with the engaging portion of the feeding device in opposite directions for each bias yarn layer by a predetermined pitch along the width direction of the fabric.
After arranging them diagonally with respect to the longitudinal direction of the fabric, all the vertical systems y were inserted again.

Further, in the weaving method according to the third claim, a plurality of warp threads Z
are stretched in multiple layers in the thickness direction of the fabric in a state extending in the longitudinal direction of the fabric, and a plurality of bias yarns B are stretched parallel to the warp layer so as to form a set of two layers, and the warp layer Among the vertical systems y arranged between each row and at positions corresponding to both outer sides of the rows, half of the vertical systems y that are not adjacent to each other are inserted in the thickness direction of the fabric to form a loop at the tip, After inserting the selvage thread into the tip loop, the vertical thread y is pulled back, and the vertical thread y connected to the fabric being woven is the second group of warp threads and the bias thread B.
2 which is disposed outside the group and engaged with the engaging portion of the feeding device by the action of the feeding device disposed in the width direction of the fabric between the front position and the bias yarn supplying portion. The engagement positions of the bias yarns B in a set of layers were moved by a predetermined pitch in opposite directions for each bias yarn layer along the width direction of the fabric, so that the bias yarns B were arranged diagonally with respect to the longitudinal direction of the fabric. rear,
Insertion of the remaining half of the vertical system y and insertion of the selvage yarn into its tip loop were performed in the same manner as described above.

[Function] The three-dimensional fabric of the present invention does not have a weft X, but has bias yarns arranged so as to be symmetrically inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the fabric in a plane parallel to the warp Z and the warp layer. An in-plane method can be obtained with three in-plane axes, and when used as a framework material for a composite material with a matrix of resin, etc., the amount of deformation of the composite material in response to diagonal force is reduced due to the action of the bias thread, making it suitable for use as a structural material. The range of use of will be expanded. Also, within the plane 4
Compared to a three-dimensional fabric with a total of five axes, the structure is simpler, the bias yarn can be made thicker, and the fiber orientation ratio of the bias yarn can be increased. Moreover, since each set of bias yarn layers has a structure in which a large number of bias yarns are continuously folded back, it is easy to weave continuously, and when used as a composite material, it can withstand tensile, bending, and other loads. This results in higher rigidity and improved strength.

Further, in the weaving method according to the second claim, a plurality of warp threads Z
is stretched in multiple layers in the thickness direction of the fabric while extending in the longitudinal direction of the fabric, and a plurality of bias yarns B are stretched parallel to the warp layer so as to form a set of two layers. is started. Then, the insertion of the vertical system y in the thickness direction of the fabric between each row of the warp layer and both outsides of the rows, and the operation of arranging the bias yarns in the longitudinal direction of the fabric are performed alternately. That is, the vertical system y is inserted in the thickness direction of the fabric so as to form a loop at the tip, and after the selvage yarn is inserted into the loop at the end, it is pulled back and all the vertical systems connected to the fabric being woven are With y disposed outside the warp yarn group 2 and bias yarn group B, a feeding device disposed in the width direction of the fabric between the cloth front position and the bias yarn supply section is operated. By the operation of the feeding device, the engagement position of the set of two layers of bias yarn B that is engaged with the engaging portion of the feeding device is moved at a predetermined pitch in opposite directions for each bias yarn layer along the width direction of the fabric. The bias threads B are then arranged diagonally with respect to the longitudinal direction of the fabric. After that, the insertion of the entire vertical system y is performed again.

Further, in the weaving method according to the third claim, a plurality of warp threads 2
is stretched in multiple layers in the thickness direction of the fabric while extending in the longitudinal direction of the fabric, and a plurality of bias yarns B are stretched parallel to the warp layer so as to form a set of two layers. is started. Then, insertion in the thickness direction of the vertical y fabric arranged between each row of the warp layer and at positions corresponding to both outer sides of the rows, and the work of arranging the bias yarns in the longitudinal direction of the fabric are performed alternately. It will be held on. Vertical systems y are vertical systems y that are not adjacent to each other
In one cycle, only the vertical system y of one group is inserted, and in the next cycle, only the vertical system y of the other group is inserted. That is, half of the vertical systems y that are not adjacent to each other are inserted in the thickness direction of the fabric so as to form a loop at the tip, and after the selvage thread is inserted into the loop at the end, it is pulled back. All the vertical systems y connected to the fabric being weaved are arranged outside the warp yarn group 2 and bias yarn group B, and are arranged in the width direction of the fabric between the front position and the bias yarn supply section. The feeder is activated. By the operation of the feeding device, the engagement position of the set of two layers of bias yarn B that is engaged with the engaging portion of the feeding device is moved at a predetermined pitch in opposite directions for each bias yarn layer along the width direction of the fabric. The bias yarns B are arranged diagonally with respect to the longitudinal direction of the fabric. Thereafter, the insertion of the remaining half of the vertical system y and the insertion of the selvage thread into its tip loop are carried out in the same manner as described above.

[Example 1] Hereinafter, a first example embodying the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 11.

As shown in Figure 1.2, the three-dimensional fabric F has multiple columns and multiple rows (4 columns and 2 rows in Figure 1) in parallel along its longitudinal direction.
A warp layer consisting of a large number of warp threads Z stretched over the warp layer, and a bias consisting of a large number of continuous bias threads B arranged so as to be inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the fabric in a plane parallel to the warp layer. Consisting of a yarn layer and a plurality of continuous vertical systems y for each row arranged in the thickness direction of the fabric in a state perpendicular to the warp Z between each row of the warp layer and on both sides of the row. has been done. The bias yarn B is folded back at the widthwise end of the three-dimensional fabric F so that it becomes one set of two layers, and the upper bias yarn layer and the lower bias yarn layer are made of continuous bias yarn B, and each layer is The bias yarns B of the upper layer and the lower layer are arranged so as to be inclined symmetrically with respect to each other. The vertical system y is inserted from above the three-dimensional fabric F in a folded manner, forming a loop at the tip, and a selvage yarn P is inserted into the tip loop to prevent the tip loop from being pulled out. The selvage thread P also forms a loop at its tip and is inserted in a folded manner. In addition, in Fig. 1, the spacing between the warp threads 2, vertical threads y, and bias threads B is shown widened to make the structure clear, but in reality, as shown in Fig. 2, the spacing between the warp threads is closely spaced. It has become. In addition, when carbon fiber roving is used as a roving, the selvage thread P and the vertical thread y, which are inserted in a folded manner with a loop formed at the tip, become 1 after weaving.
It is superimposed on the book as shown in Figure 2.

This three-dimensional fabric F has an in-plane uniform method with three in-plane axes due to bias yarns B and warp yarns Z arranged symmetrically and inclined to each other, and compared to a three-dimensional fabric with four in-plane axes and a total of five axes. This makes organization easier. Therefore, it becomes easy to make the bias yarn thicker, and the fiber orientation ratio of the bias yarn can be increased.

Further, since each set of two bias yarn layers has a structure in which a large number of bias yarns are continuously folded back, continuous weaving becomes easy.

This three-dimensional fabric F is used as a composite material impregnated with resin, etc., and due to the presence of bias yarns B arranged in a direction inclined to the longitudinal direction of the fabric, the conventional triaxial three-dimensional fabric can be used as a skeleton material. Compared to the one used, the amount of deformation due to diagonal force is reduced, and each set of two bias yarn layers has a structure in which a large number of bias yarns B are continuously folded back, so when it is made into a composite material, It has high rigidity and strength against tension, bending, and other loads. Furthermore, by making the bias yarn thicker compared to a three-dimensional fabric with four in-plane axes and a total of five axes, it is possible to obtain a composite material that has improved strength in the diagonal direction and is strong against shear compression in the longitudinal direction.

Next, a method for weaving the three-dimensional fabric F will be explained.

As shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the device for weaving this three-dimensional fabric includes a warp supply section consisting of warp beams l whose number corresponds to the number of rows of warp threads 2, and bias thread bobbins 2a whose number is the same as the number of bias threads B. and a bias yarn supply section 2 that supplies a set of two layers of bias yarns B, and the ends of a large number of warp yarns 2 let out from a warp beam l and a bias yarn bobbin 2a.
The yarn support plate 3, to which the ends of a large number of bias yarns B let out from the weave are fixed, starts weaving from a position close to the weaving frame 4 disposed at a predetermined position by the action of a drive mechanism (not shown). As it advances, it is moved in the direction (to the left in FIGS. 3 and 4) in which the three-dimensional fabric F is taken up.

A vertical supply section 8 is located behind the fabric frame 4 (to the left of the third and fourth sections).
A vertical rapier 9 is provided which functions to insert the vertical yarn y unwound from the warp into each row of the two groups of warp threads by its vertical movement. As shown in FIG. 5, the vertical rapier 9 is formed by inserting a plurality of pipes 9a into a support 10 that is moved up and down by a drive mechanism (not shown).
A predetermined number of vertical systems y are inserted simultaneously into each column of the group. In addition, the selvage thread P inserted into the tip loop of the vertical system y is inserted into the selvage thread rapier 15 (Fig. 11(c), (e)).
(shown in the figure) forms a loop at the tip so that it can be inserted in a folded manner.

A frame 11 and a guide plate 12 are disposed between the lowered position of the vertical rapier 9 and the bias yarn supply section 2. In the guide plate 12, long holes 12a are formed in correspondence with the number of pairs of bias yarns B to allow the bias yarns B in two layers to move in the lateral direction. Between the frame 11 and the guide plate 12, a large number of warp guide rollers 13 are arranged in stages corresponding to the number of rows of warp threads 2, and each stage has a number corresponding to the number of rows of warp threads 2, with their spindles extending in the vertical direction. It is arranged in. The warp beam l has its axis aligned with the three-dimensional fabric F at a lateral position corresponding to the warp guide roller 13.
It is arranged so as to extend parallel to the longitudinal direction of. Then, the warp threads Z drawn out from the warp thread beam l in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the three-dimensional fabric F are changed by 90 degrees by the warp guide roller 13 so that their paths are directed toward the front side of the fabric. The warp threads are supplied to the loom through guide holes 14a formed in a warp guide 14 fixed to the frame 11 so as to guide the warp threads one by one.

A bias yarn feeding device 16 for moving bias yarns B of each layer of a set of two layers is provided in the frame 11 at a position facing the bias yarn supply section 2 . The bias yarn feeding device 16 is attached to the frame 11 as shown in FIGS.
A pair of upper and lower rails 17. extend in the width direction of the fabric.
18 is fixed, and five guide blocks 19 as engaging portions are housed in two stages, upper and lower, between both rails 17 and 18. The rails 17, 18 are formed with guide grooves 17a, 18a facing each other and extending in the longitudinal direction thereof, and the guide block 19 is engaged with the guide grooves 17a, 18a and is slidable along the guide grooves 17a, 18a. ing. The guide block 19 has an insertion hole 19 through which the bias thread B is inserted.
a is formed.

On both sides of the rails 17, 18, opposing grooves 20 are formed which extend in the longitudinal direction (the width direction of the fabric). Groove 20
Actuating members 21.22 extend perpendicularly to the rails 17.18 in the vertical direction and engage the grooves 20, respectively, in the vertical direction and the rails 17.18. , 18 so as to be movable in the longitudinal direction thereof, and is driven by the action of a drive device (not shown).

Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the rails 17 and 18 are provided with a regulating member 1 for regulating the movement of the guide block 19 more than necessary.
7b and 18b are provided protrudingly.

One of the actuating members 21 is formed with a recess 21a that can accommodate the center portion of one guide block 19 at a position corresponding to the lower guide block 19 when the actuating member 21 is placed in the standby position. There is.

A recess 22a is formed in the other actuating member 22 at a position corresponding to the upper guide block 19 when the actuating member 22 is placed in the standby position, and is capable of accommodating the center portion of one guide block 19. There is.

That is, of the five guide blocks 19 arranged in two upper and lower stages, four guide blocks 19 each face each other, and one of the ends is shifted. In addition, in order to avoid interference between the vertical rapier 9 and the warp threads 2 and bias threads B during the insertion work of the vertical thread y, the insertion holes 19a of each pair of upper and lower guide blocks 19,
The guide holes 14a formed in the warp guide 14 are positioned on the same straight line in the vertical direction. Note that both actuating members 21 and 22 are connected to a plurality of bias thread feeding devices 1.
6, and the guide blocks 19 of each bias yarn feeding device 16 are operated in synchronization.

A pair of sprockets 23.24 are disposed at the rear of the guide plate 12 at positions corresponding to the respective elongated holes 12a, and a chain 25 runs parallel to the rails 16.17 between the sprockets 23.24. It is wrapped so that it stretches. A support bracket 26 is integrally formed with a part of the link plate of the chain 25, and the bias thread bobbin 2a of the bias thread supply section 2 is attached to the support bracket 26.
It is supported by a support shaft 27 fixed to 6. When the sprocket 23.24 is stopped, one bias yarn bobbin 2a is placed at a position corresponding to each side of the sprocket 23.24, as shown in FIG. 1O, and the remaining bias yarn bobbins 2a are arranged at equal intervals. They are placed in vertically symmetrical positions. A guide piece 28 is fixed to the support shaft 27 so as to extend to the front of the bias thread bobbin 2a.
A guide hole 28 that guides the bias yarn B that is let out from the
a is located on an extension of the axis of the bias thread bobbin 2a. And - side sprocket 2
3 is intermittently rotated in a fixed direction in synchronization with the drive of the bias yarn feeding device 16 by a motor (not shown).

Next, the operation of weaving a three-dimensional fabric using the apparatus configured as described above will be explained.

First, the feeding action of the bias yarn B by the bias yarn feeding device 16 will be explained. As shown in FIG. 8(a), one of the lower guide blocks 19 is housed in the recess 21a of one of the actuating members 21, and one of the upper guide blocks 19 is housed in the recess 22a of the other actuating member 22. From the condition
When one actuating member 21 is moved upwards and the other actuating member 22 is moved downwards a distance equal to the height of the guide block 19, the guide block 19 in engagement with the actuating member 21. 22, and the state is shown in FIG. 8(b).

Next, the other support member 22 is moved outward (in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 8(b)), and the recess 22a and the guide block 19
The state of engagement with is released, resulting in the state shown in FIG. 8(c).

At this time, the movement of the guide block 19 that is engaged with the recess 22a is restricted by the restriction member 18b, so that the movement of the actuating member 22 causes the recess 22a and the guide block 1 to move.
The engagement state with 9 is reliably released. Thereafter, the support member 22 is moved upward again, and the recess 22a thereof becomes in the state shown in FIG. 8(d) corresponding to the upper guide block 19.

From this state, with both operating members 21 and 22 synchronized,
One of the actuating members 21 is moved outward, and the other actuating member 22 is moved inward. As a result, each guide block 19 in the lower stage is moved to the left side in FIG.
The engagement with the recess 21a is released, resulting in the state shown in FIG. 8(e). Next, one of the actuating members 21 is moved to its recess 21a.
is moved downward to a position corresponding to the lower guide block 19, resulting in the state shown in FIG. 8(f). From this state, one of the actuating members 21 is moved inward, and each upper guide block 19 is moved to the eighth position by the pressing force of one of the actuating members 21.
It is moved to the right side in figure (f). Then, the guide block 19 disposed at the other end of the upper stage engaged with the recess 22a of the other operating member 22, and the guide block 19 arranged at one end of the lower stage engaged with the recess 21a of one of the operating members 21. Return to the state shown in Fig. 8(a), and apply one bias thread B.
1 pitch of horizontal movement is completed.

Thereafter, in the same manner, the guide block 19 is circulated in a predetermined direction along the loop-shaped movement path, and the bias yarn B is sequentially traversed.

By the above-mentioned operation, the engagement portion between the bias yarn B and the guide block 19 is moved from the lower layer to the upper layer side at one end in the width direction of the three-dimensional fabric F (on the side of one actuating member 21), and is moved from the lower layer to the upper layer side at the other end (on the other side). The bias yarn B constituting a set of two bias yarn layers is moved in one direction. The state has a slope of .

Bias yarn B due to the operation of the bias yarn feeding device 16
The sprockets 23 and 24 of the bias yarn supply section 2 are driven in synchronization with the cross-feeding operation, and each bias yarn bobbin 2a is moved in the same direction as each guide block 19 is moved. Therefore, twisting (crossing) does not occur in the path of each bias yarn B from the bias yarn bobbin 2a to the fabric front via the guide block I9.

Next, the weaving procedure will be explained. At the start of weaving the three-dimensional fabric F, the yarn support plate 3 is placed in a position close to the front frame 4, and the warp yarns 2 let out from the warp beam 1 are moved to the warp guide roller 1.
3 and the guide hole 14a of the warp guide 14, and is set to be fixed to the thread support plate 3. Also, the bias thread B let out from the bias thread bobbin 2a is guided by the guide piece 28.
The guide hole 28a1 of the yarn is fixed to the yarn support plate 3 through the elongated hole 12a of the guide plate 12 and the bias yarn feeding device 16.

FIG. 11(a) shows a state in which insertion of the vertical system y of the fourth layer of the three-dimensional fabric F has been completed, and in this state, the vertical system rapier 9 is placed in the raised position. In this state, the bias yarn feeding device 16 is driven as described above, and each bias yarn B is moved one pitch at a time in the width direction of the three-dimensional fabric. Next, as shown in FIG. 11(b), the vertical rapier 9 is moved downward and the vertical rapiers y are inserted between each row of warp threads 2 and on both outer sides. At this time, each pipe 9 of the vertical rapier 9
As shown in FIG. 4, the thread a is inserted between the bias threads B at the rear of the intersection of the bias threads B arranged to intersect with each other, that is, closer to the bias thread feeding device 16.

Next, the selvage thread P is inserted by the selvage thread rapier 15 into the tip loop of the vertical system y below the warp thread 2 at the lowest stage. Since the vertical rapier 9 is away from the weaving front position, the vertical rapier 9 is not placed at right angles to the warp threads Z at the weaving front position by only the downward movement of the vertical rapier 9, but instead is separated from the weaving front position. However, by inserting the selvage thread P to the lowest stage, it becomes
As shown in C), the vertical system y is arranged so as to be orthogonal to the warp Z at the cloth front position. In addition, before inserting the selvage yarn P, beating may be performed to move the vertical system y toward the front side of the fabric. Next, the vertical rapier 9 is moved to the raised position and the vertical system y is folded upward. When the vertical rapier 9 is moved to the raised position, the state shown in FIG. 11(d)
As shown in the figure, the vertical system y continues from the vertical system rapier 9 to Orimae.
is arranged diagonally to the front of the weaving, but a rod (not shown) placed above the warp Z in the uppermost row and parallel to the row of warp threads Z is moved to the front of the weaving in a state where it engages with the vertical system y. , after the vertical system y is arranged parallel to the woven fabric, the yarn support plate 3
is moved, and the three-dimensional fabric F is moved by one pitch, so that the end thereof is in the state shown in FIG. 11(a). Thereafter, similar operations are repeated to weave a three-dimensional fabric F having substantially the same composition as the three-dimensional fabric F shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The difference from the three-dimensional fabric F shown in Figure 1.2 is that there is one more row of warp threads Z.
The difference is that there is one more set of bias yarn layers.

[Example 2] Next, an example embodying the method for weaving a three-dimensional fabric described in the third claim will be described with reference to FIGS. 12 to 15.

In this embodiment, a pair of vertical rapiers 9 are provided at the front and rear,
Vertical threads y inserted between each row of the warp layer and at positions corresponding to both outer sides of the rows are divided into two groups of vertical threads y that are not adjacent to each other, and the insertion operation is performed by a separate vertical rapier 9, respectively. It is different from the previous embodiment in that the pipes are alternately performed. That is, the vertical rapier 9 is used with two pipes 9a and one with three pipes 9a. are operated alternately. Also, the number of bias threads B in each set of two layers is six.

12.13 shows a state in which the bias yarn B is moved by one pitch by the operation of the bias yarn feeder 16 after the vertical system y has been inserted by the vertical rapier 9 equipped with two pipes 9a. . From this state, the vertical rapier 9 having three pipes 9a inserts the vertical system y and inserts the selvage thread P into its tip loop. In this way, the insertion of every other vertical yarn y and the feeding operation of the bias yarn B in the width direction are performed alternately, so that the bias yarn B forms an inclination angle of 60 degrees and 120 degrees with respect to the warp yarn 2. are arranged as follows.

The three-dimensional fabric F woven in this way is 14°15th
As shown in the figure, the warp threads Z and bias threads B, which constitute three axes in the plane, intersect with each other at an angle of 60 degrees, resulting in a three-dimensional fabric F with a total of four axes including the vertical system y. This three-dimensional fabric F can easily increase the fiber filling rate compared to a five-axis fabric, and the thickness of the bias yarn B can be increased, and when made into a composite material, the strength against diagonal forces is improved, and The strength against shear compression in the direction is increased.

Note that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments,
For example, inserting every other two groups into two groups may be carried out alternately from both the front and back sides of the fabric to form selvage yarns on the front and back sides of the fabric, or the bias yarn B may be moved in the width direction of the fabric as described above. Instead of the bias yarn feeding method in which the engaging portion moves cyclically in a predetermined direction as in the embodiment, two sets of screw shafts are used as previously proposed by the applicant (Japanese Patent Application No. 1-133695). Alternatively, a method may be adopted in which the images are moved sequentially.

In that case, as shown in FIG. 16(a), the directions of the spiral grooves 29a and 30a are opposite with each two screw shafts 29 and 30 extending parallel to the width direction of the three-dimensional fabric. arranged, of which three screw shafts 29.30
is arranged in a position where it can engage with the bias thread B, and the helical grooves 29a, 3 of the two upper and lower screw shafts 29.30
Bias yarn B is arranged in a state where it is engaged with 0a at a predetermined pitch. From this state, the three screw shafts are 29°30
are rotated in the same direction, the bias thread B that was engaged with the upper screw shaft 29 is moved to the right in the figure by a predetermined pitch and sequentially moved onto the middle screw shaft 30. The bias thread B, which was engaged with the screw shaft 30, is moved to the left in the figure by a predetermined pitch and is sequentially moved onto the lower screw shaft 29. The bias yarns B that were engaged with the upper and middle screw shafts 29 and 30 are respectively engaged with the middle and lower screw shafts 30.
When the screw shaft 29 is moved upward to the state shown in FIG. 16(b), the upper screw shaft 29 moves to the retracted position, the middle and lower screw shafts 30.29 move to the upper and middle stages, and the screw shaft 30 that was in the retracted position are respectively moved to the lower working position and become the state shown in FIG. 16(C), and then,
The screw shafts 29 and 30 are rotated again in the same direction as described above, and the bias yarn B is moved. In this method, there is no need to move the bias yarn B connected to the bias yarn supply section together with the bias yarn feeding operation. When the bias yarn B is moved in this manner, each of the bias yarns constituting a set of two bias yarn layers constitutes a three-dimensional fabric as a structure in which the direction of inclination is periodically reversed. Furthermore,
The vertical system y may be inserted using a shuttle, in which case the selvage thread is not required.

[Effects of the Invention] As detailed above, the three-dimensional fabric of the present invention does not have weft yarns Bias threads arranged in such a way provide an in-plane uniform method with three in-plane axes, and the structure is simpler compared to three-dimensional fabrics with four in-plane axes and a total of five axes.
It becomes easy to make the bias yarn thicker, and the fiber orientation ratio of the bias yarn can be increased. Therefore, when used as a framework material for a composite material with a matrix of resin, etc., the amount of deformation of the composite material in response to diagonal forces is reduced due to the action of the bias threads, and the shear compressive strength in the longitudinal direction is also improved, making it suitable for use as a structural material. The range of use of will be expanded. Further, since each of the negative bias yarn layers has a structure in which a large number of bias yarns are continuously folded back, continuous weaving becomes easy.

Further, in the weaving method according to the second claim, the movement of the bias yarn in the width direction is performed by moving an engaging portion of a feeding device disposed between the bias yarn supplying portion and the cloth facing position in a predetermined direction. Since this weaving method is carried out with a simple structure, the structure of the apparatus for carrying out this weaving method is simple.

In addition, the weaving method described in the third claim not only exhibits the same effect as the invention described in the second claim, but also has the advantage that the warp yarns 2 and the bias yarns that constitute the plane of the three-dimensional fabric woven form an angle of 60 degrees with each other. This makes it easy to increase the fiber filling rate and increase the thickness of the bias yarn.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1-11 show a first embodiment embodying the present invention, in which FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway schematic perspective view of a three-dimensional fabric, and FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway schematic perspective view of a three-dimensional fabric. 3 is a schematic side sectional view showing the weaving state, FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view,
Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the vertical rapier, Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the main parts of the bias yarn feeding device, Fig. 7 is a sectional view showing the relationship between the rail and the guide block, and Figs. f) is a sectional view showing the action of the bias yarn feeding device, FIG. 9 is a schematic front view of the bias yarn supply section, FIG. 1O is a sectional view showing the support state of the bias yarn bobbin, and FIGS. d) is a schematic side view showing the weaving action; FIGS. 12 to 15 show the second embodiment; FIG. 12 is a schematic side sectional view showing the weaving state; FIG. 13 is a schematic plan view; Fig. 14 is a schematic perspective view of a three-dimensional fabric, Fig. 15 is a partially cutaway view of the three-dimensional fabric, and Figs. 16 (a) to (C) are sectional views of main parts showing another bias yarn feeding method. It is. warp beam 11 bias yarn supply section 2, bias yarn bobbin 2a, front frame 4, warp shedding device 5, bias yarn shedding device 6, bias yarn feeding device 16, rail 17.1B, guide block 19 as an engaging section, Actuation members 21, 22,
Screw axis 29°30, vertical system y, warp thread Z, bias thread B, selvage thread P, three-dimensional fabric F0 Patent applicant Toyota Industries Corporation Agent
Patent attorney Hironobu Onda (and 1 other person) Figure 2, day a, 7th ward

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A warp layer consisting of a plurality of warps (z) arranged in parallel along the longitudinal direction of the fabric, and mutually arranged in a plane parallel to the warp layer with respect to the longitudinal direction of the fabric. A set of two bias yarn layers consisting of a large number of continuous bias yarns (B) arranged in a symmetrically inclined manner, and the warp ( A three-dimensional fabric consisting of a plurality of continuous vertical yarns (y) in each row arranged in the thickness direction of the fabric in a state perpendicular to the vertical threads (y). 2. A plurality of warp threads (z) are stretched in a plurality of layers in the thickness direction of the fabric in a state extending in the longitudinal direction of the fabric, and the plurality of bias threads (B) are connected to the warp threads so as to form a set of two layers. A vertical thread (y) is inserted in the thickness direction of the fabric between each row of the warp layer and on both outer sides of the row to form a loop at the tip, and a loop is formed in the tip of the warp layer. After inserting the ear thread,
The vertical yarn (y) is pulled back, and with the vertical yarn (y) connected to the fabric being woven placed outside the warp (z) group and the bias yarn (B) group, the front position and bias yarn supply section are adjusted. By the action of a feeding device disposed in the width direction of the fabric between the two layers, the engagement position of each bias yarn (B) of a set of two layers that is engaged with the engaging portion of the feeding device is moved in the width direction of the fabric. After arranging the bias yarns (B) diagonally with respect to the longitudinal direction of the fabric by moving each bias yarn layer by a predetermined pitch in opposite directions along the
A method of weaving a three-dimensional fabric that again involves insertion of all vertical systems (y). 3. A plurality of warp threads (z) are stretched in a plurality of layers in the thickness direction of the fabric in a state extending in the longitudinal direction of the fabric, and the plurality of bias threads (B) are connected to the warp threads so as to form a set of two layers. Half of the vertical yarns (y) that are not adjacent to each other among the vertical yarns (y) stretched parallel to the layers and arranged at positions corresponding to between each row of the warp layer and to both outer sides of the rows are used to form a fabric. Insert it in the thickness direction to form a loop at the tip, and after inserting the selvage yarn into the loop at the tip, pull back the vertical yarn (y), and the vertical yarn (y) connected to the fabric being woven becomes the warp (z). Group and bias yarn (B)
2 which is disposed outside the group and engaged with the engaging portion of the feeding device by the action of the feeding device disposed in the width direction of the fabric between the front position and the bias yarn supplying portion. The bias threads (B) are moved diagonally to the longitudinal direction of the fabric by moving the engagement positions of the bias threads (B) of a set of layers by a predetermined pitch in opposite directions for each bias thread layer along the width direction of the fabric. A method for weaving a three-dimensional fabric, in which the remaining half of the vertical yarns (y) are inserted and the selvedge yarns are inserted into the end loops in the same manner as described above.