JPH06322607A - Sheath-core conjugate fiber, its conjugate spinning nozzle and its production - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To produce a sheath-core conjugate fiber composed of four or more components and capable of sufficiently exhibiting not only the characteristics of the core component and the sheath components but the characteristics of the island components by arranging two or sore layers of sheath parts in a specified state. CONSTITUTION:The sheath parts (C) in the outermost layer are separately arranged at two or more positions in the outer periphery of the sheath part (B) in the intermediate layer leaving a narrow space in the peripheral direction. The core component (A) and the respective sheath components are allowed to extend in the longitudinal direction of the fiber and one or more island components (E) are allowed to pass through the sheath component in the intermediate layer. Thereby, a fiber having opposed polyfunctions in combination can be produced.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a composite fiber technology having a core-sheath structure. The present invention relates to a composite fiber capable of being composited and controlled in shape, a composite spinneret for obtaining the composite fiber, and a method for producing the composite fiber.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a side-by-side structure and a core-sheath structure (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-34009, Japanese Patent Application No. 1-100841) have been used in order to achieve a composite of functions or to obtain ultrafine fibers or split fibers. , Sea-island structure (Japanese Patent Publication No.44-1)
No. 8369), various fibers are compounded. In order to form these composite fibers, there is an example of a composite spinneret device disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-194012.

[0003]

However, since the conventional bicomponent core-sheath structure composite fiber has a simple structure in which the core component is simply surrounded and the sheath component is arranged, its characteristic is 2 at most. It is only able to bring out the composite properties of the components, and because the morphology of the sheath component surrounding the core component is uncontrollable, at the same time the properties of the core component are maintained and at the same time the properties of the core component are fully derived. That is said to be difficult. This is unavoidable because the structure of the conventional composite spinneret cannot be combined beyond the above-mentioned composite form.

In particular, regarding fibers formed from a solution, since the complexity of coagulation and the draft for spinning cannot be made large, it is necessary to reduce the nozzle diameter, which makes it difficult to form a complex core-sheath structure. It was

The present invention has thus developed a spinneret which allows the compounding of at least four or more components, which has heretofore been unattainable, and uses the same spinneret in addition to the core and sheath components. It is an object of the present invention to provide a composite fiber having a core-sheath structure having a novel cross-sectional shape in which the characteristics of the island component are sufficiently exhibited.

[0006]

In order to achieve this object, the core-sheath composite fiber of the present invention comprises a core portion and a sheath portion, and has two or more sheath portions, and the sheath of the outermost layer thereof. The parts are independently arranged at two or more locations in the circumferential direction of the outer circumference of the outer sheath of the intermediate layer, or the outermost sheath is located at two or more circumferential locations of the outer circumference of the outer sheath of the intermediate layer. The basic structure is such that the sheath component is thinly formed, and the respective sheath components extend in the fiber direction, and that at least one island component is included in the sheath component of the intermediate layer.

Further, in the present invention, as a composite spinneret for obtaining the above-mentioned composite fiber, two or more core component supply passages formed on the central axis line and two or more concentric circles centered on the concentric component supply passages are formed. Of the sheath component supply path and one or more island component supply passages, and one or more island component distribution channels branching from the island component supply passage independently merge into the sheath component supply passage forming the intermediate layer. The outermost layer sheath component supply passage is provided with a sheath component distribution passage that independently joins at least at two or more locations around the intermediate layer sheath component supply passage.

In the present invention, the above-mentioned spinneret is used to supply a polymer solution constituting the core component into the core component supply passage, and the polymer solution constituting the sheath component is mixed with two or more sheath components of the spinneret. While supplying from the supply channel, the sheath component polymer solution that constitutes the inner layer is merged into the entire circumference of the core component supply channel through the confluent channel, and at the same time, the polymer solution that constitutes the island component is split from the island component supply channel. The sheath component polymer solution forming the outermost layer is partially merged with at least one or more parts in the joint flow channel of the sheath component via a channel,
After independently merging at three or more locations on the outer peripheral surface of the sheath component polymer solution constituting the inner layer through the above sheath component distribution channels, the merged four components are simultaneously spun out from the spinning outlet to give the above basic structure. A core-sheath composite fiber is produced.

[0009]

In the composite fiber of the present invention, various polymers are applied as its component. For example, in solution spinning, any solvent-soluble polymer can be used, and as the spinning method, a dry spinning method, a wet spinning method, a dry wet spinning method, or the like can be adopted. Also, as the melted polymer, any polymer can be used as long as the melt spinning temperature is close.

Regardless of melt spinning or solution spinning, it is possible to change the sheath thickness, the number of sheaths, the number of islands in the sheath, the size of the islands, and the island position by selecting the nozzle dimension and the discharge amount of each component. Fibers with various fiber cross-sections are freely available.

The core component polymer solution is introduced into the core component passage from the core component supply passage provided at the center of the spinneret.
At the same time, the sheath component polymer solution is introduced and stored in the same sheath component liquid reservoir from a position separated from the concentric component flow passage via the sheath component supply passage forming the intermediate layer. The sheath component polymer solution forming the intermediate layer, which is stored in the sheath component liquid reservoir, subsequently joins the entire circumference of the core component supply passage through the sheath component joining passage. At this time, at the same time, the island component polymer solution is supplied to the island component supply passage formed at a position separated from the core component passage and the sheath component supply passage, and the island component polymer solution is divided into 1 or more and divided into 1 in the sheath component joint passage. Join the above parts. Further, at this time, the sheath component forming the outermost layer is supplied to the supply passage and merges with the outer periphery of the sheath portion forming the intermediate layer at a predetermined interval through three or more sheath component passages. The multi-component polymer solution thus merged is integrally spun into a linear shape through a funnel-shaped spinning path. Discharge ratio of the core component, the sheath component and the island component,
By changing the viscosity ratio or the cross-sectional area of each of the sheath component flow paths, it is possible to obtain a composite fiber having a core-sheath structure having island portions having various cross-sectional shapes.

A typical shape of the obtained conjugate fiber has two layers of sheath portions, and three or more island portions are formed in the inner sheath portion, and the outermost sheath portion has three or more sheath components. Are sequentially arranged in the circumferential direction independently of the circumference of the core component, each extends in the state of pressing and deforming the core component and extends along the fiber direction, and adjacent sheath components are welded together Turned into
Alternatively, it has a shape in which the core component is intermittently exposed in a part of the periphery in a state where the adjacent sheath components are slightly separated from each other.

[0013]

The present invention will be specifically described with reference to the following examples. First, the composite fiber structure of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings. FIGS. 1 to 5 show cross-sectional structures of typical composite fibers of the present invention. The fiber structure shown in FIG.
The first sheath component B is arranged so as to surround the circumference of, and six island components E are arranged inside the sheath component B. The outer peripheral surface of the first sheath component B is further surrounded by the second sheath component C. The second sheath component C has a continuous circular outer periphery, and the inner periphery integrated with the first sheath component B is divided into six equal parts, and the center of each divided portion corresponds to the first sheath component B. It has a shape that bulges toward the center. Various combinations of these respective components are possible depending on the characteristics to be obtained. For example,
(A ≠ B, A = E, B ≠ C, B ≠ E), or (A ≠ B
There are combinations such as ≠ C ≠ E). 3 and 5 show a modified example of the conjugate fiber shown in FIG. 1, in which the sectional shape of each split portion of the second sheath component C is different.

Further, for example, according to the fiber structure shown in FIG. 2, the first sheath component B is arranged so as to surround the core component A, and four divided portions of the second sheath component C are provided around the sheath component B. Are arranged at intervals, and four island components E are arranged inside the first sheath component B so as to surround the core component A. A modification of this fiber cross section is shown in FIG. According to the fiber structure shown in FIG. 4, there are three Shimanari E, and
The interval between the divided parts of the sheath component C is narrower than the interval shown in FIG. 2, and the exposed amount of the first sheath component B is reduced.

As described above, the core-sheath composite fiber of the present invention can have various structures. The most important point is
In a composite fiber having a core-sheath structure having more than one layer of sheath, the sheath of the middle layer has a sea-island structure, and the sheath of the outermost layer does not have a uniform thickness in the circumferential direction. The structure is divided into a plurality of parts regardless of whether the ends are in contact with each other or in non-contact with each other.

Next, a structural example of a typical spinneret for obtaining the above structure will be specifically described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 9. The spinneret is a spinneret for obtaining a composite fiber having the fiber cross section shown in FIG.

The spinneret comprises a core component supply passage 1 provided on the central axis, and a first sheath component supply passage 2 having a ring-shaped joint passage 2a which joins the entire circumference of the core component supply passage 1. The island component supply passage 3 having six island component joint passages 3a that partially merge at equal intervals on the same circumference inside the ring-shaped joint passage 2a, and the first sheath component supply passage 2 A second sheath component supply passage 4 having six branch passages 4a that are partially merged at equal intervals on the outer circumference, and a spinning outlet 5 spun together in a state where the four components are merged. Is equipped with.

The spinneret according to the illustrated example is constructed by sequentially stacking first to fourth spinneret disks 10 to 13 from above, and a supply path 1 for the core component A is provided at the center of the first spinneret disk 10. The first sheath component supply passage 2, the island component supply passage 3, and the second sheath component supply passage 2 are provided at arbitrary positions on a concentric circle centered on the supply passage 1.
The sheath component supply passage 4 is formed in a penetrating state.

A funnel-shaped core component supply passage 1'communicating with the core component supply passage 1 and having progressively smaller pores toward the lower end surface is formed through the second spinneret disk 11, and the core component supply passage 1'is formed. First and second sheath component supply passages 2 ', 4'which communicate with the first sheath component supply passage 2 and the second sheath component supply passage 4 and are parallel to the central axis.
And a ring-shaped island component reservoir 3'which is concentric with the core component supply passage 1'and partially communicates with the island component supply passage 3 '. The ring-shaped island component reservoir 3'is branched into six island component merged channels 3a at equal intervals.
A is obliquely penetrated toward the periphery of the outlet of the core component supply passage 1'formed at the center of the lower surface of the second spinneret disk 11.

A first merging portion 6 is formed at the center of the third spinneret disk 12 and communicates with each outlet of the core component supply passage 1'and the island component merging passage 3a and is connected to the spinning outlet 5. Part of the second spinneret disc 11 communicates with the sheath component supply passage 2 ', and a ring-shaped sheath component liquid reservoir 2 "is formed on a concentric circle centered on the core component supply passage 1'. A ring-shaped sheath component merging channel 2a is formed in communication with the periphery of the inlet of the merging portion 6.

The funnel-shaped second confluence section 7 is connected to the outlet of the first confluence section 6 at the center of the fourth spinneret disk 13 and is connected to the spinning exit 5 while gradually reducing in diameter from the middle to the lower side. Is formed, and the second of the third base disc 12 is formed.
A ring-shaped second sheath component liquid distilling portion 4 ″ is formed on a concentric circle centered on the core component supply passage 1 ′ so as to partially communicate with the sheath component supply passage 4 ′. Six second sheath component diversion channels 4a are branched from the second sheath component liquid distilling section 4 ″ toward the center, and the second sheath component diversion channels 4a are the second
It communicates with the periphery of the entrance of the junction 7.

In order to manufacture the composite fiber shown in FIG. 1 by using the spinneret of the present invention in which the first to fourth spinner disks 10 to 13 having such a structure are sequentially laminated and integrated, the core component is supplied. The polymer solution constituting the core component A is supplied to the channel 1, and the polymer solution constituting the first sheath component B is supplied from the first sheath component supply channel 2 of the same spinneret through the joint channel 2a. At the same time as merging all around 1, the island component E
The polymer solution constituting the above is partially merged from the island component supply passage 3 through the six joint passages 3a into the joint passage 2a of the first sheath component B. At this time, the second sheath component supply passage 4 is further added.
Is supplied with a polymer solution constituting the second sheath component C,
The outer periphery of the first sheath component B around the inlet of the second joining portion 7 through the six second sheath component distribution channels 4a branched from the supply passage 4 through the second sheath component liquid distilling portion 4 ″. The faces merge independently. The combined and integrated four components are simultaneously spun out from the spinning outlet 5 to produce the conjugate fiber having the above basic structure shown in FIG.

2 to 5 by changing the diameter and the number of the island component joint flow paths 3a provided in the second base disc 11 or the second sheath component distribution flow paths 4a of the fourth base disc 13.
Composite fibers having various cross-sectional structures shown in can be easily obtained. In addition, regardless of melt spinning or solution spinning, by selecting the nozzle dimension and the discharge amount of each component, the sheath thickness,
The number of islands, island size, and island position can be changed.
A fiber having a fiber cross section as represented by is freely obtained.

In the illustrated example, the six second sheath component distribution channels 4a are branched at equal intervals from the ring-shaped second sheath component liquid reservoir 4 '' as shown in FIGS. The second sheath component flow path 6, the second sheath component flow path 6 extends at a right angle to the second flow path of the second merging portion 7.
In addition to the merging in the tangential direction of the inlet peripheral surface, the merging may be performed by inclining downward at a predetermined angle in the flow path direction of the second merging portion 7 separately.

The second sheath component liquid reservoir 4 ″ enables uniform pressure supply to the second sheath component dividing flow passages 4a, and the cross sectional areas of the respective sheath component dividing flow passages 4a are made equal to each other. In this case, if the flow path resistance is uniform, a uniform coating shape for the first sheath component can be obtained. Further, naturally, by changing the cross-sectional area of each of the second sheath component distribution channels 4a, a modified coating shape can be obtained.

Various components can be used as the component of the composite fiber obtained from the spinneret. For example, in solution spinning, any polymer can be used as long as it is a solvent-soluble polymer, and various spinning methods such as a dry spinning method, a wet spinning method, and a dry-wet spinning method can be used as the spinning method. Is adopted. Also, as the heat-meltable polymer, any polymer can be used as long as the melt spinning temperature of the core-sheath component is close.

Regardless of melt spinning or solution spinning, the number of exposed parts, the degree of exposure, and the exposure interval of the first sheath component can be changed by appropriately selecting the nozzle dimension, the discharge amount of each component, and the viscosity ratio of each component. Yes, the sheath thickness and the form of the sheath can be controlled. For example, in addition to FIGS. 1, 3, and 5, fibers having various fiber cross-sectional shapes as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 can be freely changed. .

Next, typical examples of the present invention will be described in detail. (Specific Example 1) A 20% by weight dimethylacetamide solution of a copolymer consisting of 95% by weight of acrylonitrile and 5% by weight of heptadecafluorodecylmethacrylic acid was used as a sheath component of the outermost layer, 80% by weight of acrylonitrile and acrylamide 2
A 20% by weight solution of 0% by weight of a copolymer of dimethylacetamide was used as an inner layer sheath component, and acrylonitrile 98
18% dimethylacetamide solution of a high molecular weight copolymer consisting of 2% by weight of methyl acrylate as an island component, and 95% by weight of acrylonitrile as a core component and 15% by weight of a copolymer of vinyl acetate.
Using the dimethylacetamide solution, wet spinning from the composite spinneret shown in FIG. 6 into a coagulation bath of dimethylacetamide and water, washing in boiling water and stretching 3 times, then 1
After drying with a drying roller at 20 ° C., heat treatment for a fixed length was further performed with a heating roller at 200 ° C. to obtain a composite fiber. The cross section of the obtained single fiber was as shown in FIG. This fiber is
It was a fiber that was lightweight and had heat retention, as well as water repellency and hygroscopicity. In this example, a high-strength component is used as the island component, which makes it possible to obtain a reinforcing effect by the island component while exhibiting the properties of the core portion, the inner layer sheath portion, and the outermost layer sheath portion.

The above specific examples show one example of the present invention. Thus, by arranging an island component having a function not present in the properties of the core / sheath in this way, the fourth component or more functions are effectively exhibited. If so, the present invention becomes extremely effective.

[0030]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention uses the novel core-sheath type composite spinneret having the above-mentioned structure to obtain a cross-section of a composite fiber composed of multiple components. In particular, at least one of the sheath components constituting the inner layer is obtained. In addition to penetrating the island component in more than one place, the sheath component of the inner layer is partially exposed on the outer periphery of the sheath component forming the inner layer between the sheath components of the outer layer in the fiber cross section, or the sheath component of the outer layer is the sheath of the inner layer. It is possible to obtain a composite fiber having a core-sheath structure having an island portion which is locally thin on the peripheral surface of the component,
This exhibits an excellent effect that a novel fiber having a plurality of contradictory functions can be obtained.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view schematically showing a first cross-sectional structure example of the conjugate fiber of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view schematically showing a second cross-sectional structure example of the conjugate fiber of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view schematically showing a third cross-sectional structure example of the conjugate fiber of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view schematically showing a fourth cross-section structure example of the conjugate fiber of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view schematically showing a fifth cross-sectional structure example of the conjugate fiber of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a typical composite spinneret example of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a view taken along line XX in FIG.

FIG. 8 is a view taken along the line YY of FIG.

FIG. 9 is a view taken along the line ZZ of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1, 1'Core component supply channel 2, 2'First sheath component supply channel 2 "'First sheath component reservoir 2a Ring-shaped joint flow channel (of first sheath component) 3 Island component supply channel 3' Island component reservoir Liquid part 3a Island component merging channel 4,4 'Second sheath component supplying channel 4' '' Second sheath component storing part 4a Second sheath component splitting channel 5 Spinning outlet 6 First merging part 7 Second merging part 10 1st Base disc 11 Second base disc 12 Third base disc 13 Third base disc A Core component B First sheath component C Second sheath component E Island component

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Shoji Hayashi 20-1 Miyukicho, Otake City, Hiroshima Prefecture Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. Central Research Laboratory

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A composite fiber composed of a core portion and a sheath portion, which has two or more sheath portions, and the outermost sheath portion is minute in the circumferential direction of the outer periphery of the intermediate sheath portion. Characterized in that they are independently arranged at two or more places at intervals, each sheath component extends in the fiber direction, and at least one island component is contained in the sheath component of the intermediate layer. A core-sheath composite fiber. 2. A composite fiber composed of a core portion and a sheath portion, which has two or more layers of the sheath portion, and the outermost sheath portion is 2 in the circumferential direction of the outer circumference of the intermediate sheath portion. A core-sheath composite fiber characterized in that it is formed thin at more than one point, the thin portion extends in the fiber direction, and has at least one island component in the sheath component of the intermediate layer. 3. A core component supply passage formed on the central axis, two or more sheath component supply passages and one or more island component supply passages formed on a concentric circle centered on the concentric component supply passage. One or more island component branching channels branching from the island component supply channel independently merge into the sheath component supply channel constituting the intermediate layer, and the outermost layer sheath component supply channel is the sheath component of the intermediate layer. A spinneret for core-sheath composite fibers, characterized in that it comprises a sheath component branching channel that independently joins at least at two or more points around the supply channel. 4. A polymer solution constituting a core component is supplied into a core component supply passage of a spinneret, and a polymer solution constituting a sheath component is supplied from two or more sheath component supply passages of the same spinneret, The sheath component polymer solution constituting the inner layer is allowed to join the entire circumference of the core component supply passage through a joint flow passage, and at the same time, the polymer solution constituting the island component is separated from the island component supply passage through the corresponding passage to the sheath component At least three locations on the outer peripheral surface of the sheath component polymer solution that constitutes the inner layer are allowed to partially merge into at least one or more parts in the junction channel, and the sheath component polymer solution that constitutes the outermost layer is passed through two or more sheath component distribution channels. 2. The method for producing a core-sheath composite fiber according to claim 1, wherein the combined four components are spun out independently from each other, and then the combined four components are spun out simultaneously from the spinning outlet.