JPH06225639A - Method for improving growth of fruits and vegetables - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To realize the increase in the yields of vegetables or fruits and the improvement of their qualities with a readily available material for improving the growth of the vegetables or fruits by applying a composition containing acetic acid and an alfalfa green leaf-deproteinized supernatant to the vegetables or fruits. CONSTITUTION:The stems and leave of alfalfa fresh grasses are reaped, sheared with a grinder into lengths of 5-15cm, and subsequently squeezed with a squeezer. The green juice thus produced is mixed with a brewed vinegar so as to give an acetic acid degree of 0.3-10%(W/W), and heated at 95 deg.C to coagulate proteins. The coagulated proteins are centrifuged to provide the composition containing the acetic acid and the alfalfa green leaf-deproteinized supernatant. The composition is applied to the plants of a vegetable or fruit such as strawberry, tomato or lemon by a watering treatment method, etc., thereby improving the growth of the vegetable or fruit to realize the increase in the yield of the vegetable or fruit and/or the improvement of its quality.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for improving the growth of fruit vegetables, and more particularly, to the application of a composition containing a substance extracted from legume alfalfa, especially alfalfa foliage and acetic acid as an active ingredient to fruit vegetables. Relates to a method for improving the growth of fruit and vegetables.

[0002]

[Prior Art] Alfalfa [Scientific name: Medicago Sativ
a L., American name: alfalfa, English name: lucern
(Rousan), medicks, Japanese name: It is called purple sea urchin. ] Is a leguminous plant, and its bean sprouts can be eaten as it is. In Europe, it is the "king of bean sprouts",
It is called the “Father of Food”. In addition, leaf proteins are also extracted from foliage and used as food, concentrated feed, and the like.

On the other hand, agar juice obtained by adding water to alfalfa, Tsurumurasaki, barley, soybeans, etc., weighing it, and leaving it for about one month is mixed with organic fertilizer and mountain soil or clay, and fermented bokashi manure. It is known that the yield increases when applied to vegetables (Modern Agriculture, Vol.67, No.
6, 170-173, 1988 and modern agriculture, Vol.67 No.10, 19
2 to 195, 1988). However, this method has drawbacks such that it takes time and labor to prepare grass juice or bokashi manure because of anaerobic fermentation, and that it has a strong odor and is inconvenient to handle.

Further, the green juice excluding the residual portion of the alfalfa squeezed juice contains useful components such as green leaf proteins. Therefore, it is conceivable to use the deproteinized supernatant (hereinafter referred to as brown juice) discharged when green juice is heated and then filtered to extract green leaf proteins. Regarding the utilization of this brown juice, the utilization as yeast cell culture medium, methane fermentation medium, alcohol fermentation medium and the method of drying or silage with alfalfa squeezed lees or fertilization has been tried, but it is still established. However, the current situation is that the method of using it has not been fully examined.

With regard to brown juice, a plant growth promoting effect (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 5-27 and 3-589).
05) and a germination root promoting action (JP-A-4-54105 and JP-A-4-53416). However, it is not well known that the composition comprising the alfalfa green leaf deproteinization supernatant and acetic acid contributes to improving the growth of plants, and in particular to increasing the yield or / and the quality of fruits and vegetables.

[0006]

The recent advances in agricultural technology, such as the improvement of varieties, the development of pesticides, fertilizers, soil improvers and the like, have led to a dramatic improvement in productivity. On the other hand, facility cultivation (hydroponics, greenhouse cultivation, greenhouse cultivation, etc.)
With the increase in the number of crops, the year-round cultivation of crops and the advancement of harvesting have made it possible to improve and stabilize profitability. However, due to continuous cropping for many years and continuous application of pesticides, chemical fertilizers, etc., the occurrence of pests and diseases and the decrease in yield have come to be recognized. Moreover, consumers have a great need for products having a better flavor and higher quality, and cultivating farmers have been demanding cultivation techniques and agricultural materials that can meet such needs.

In particular, strawberries, tomatoes and melons have a high palatability and are required to have good appearance and sugar content. Furthermore, in the case of strawberries, various attempts have been made to increase the yield within the year when the market price is high, but the current situation is that no useful method has been developed yet. Fruit vegetables such as strawberries, tomatoes and melons are prone to pest damage even during cultivation, and are one of the crops in which it is difficult to grow healthy plants.

[0008] Further, recently, due to the increasing awareness of environmental problems, safe and environmentally friendly agricultural materials are required. However, some agricultural materials have problems in terms of environmental pollution, such as pesticides, and in terms of maintaining fertility, such as chemical fertilizers, so there is a need for materials that are even safer and capable of increasing revenue. It is rare.

On the other hand, when a naturally derived substance whose active ingredient cannot be specified is used as an agricultural material, it may rot as it is,
There was a problem that the activity decreased, and as a countermeasure, it was dried and solidified, or high-concentration fertilizer and sugar were added, but since the operation is complicated and it is easy to deteriorate, manufacturing that solves these problems The development of methods is awaited. As described above, it has been a problem to develop an agricultural material which is safe and easy to handle, and has an excellent preservation effect on the growth of fruit vegetables.

[0010]

Means for Solving the Problems As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that a composition containing alfalfa green leaf deprotein supernatant and acetic acid has an excellent effect of improving the growth of fruit vegetables. Therefore, the present invention has been completed.

That is, the present invention provides a method for improving the growth of fruit and vegetables, which comprises applying a composition containing the alfalfa green leaf deproteinization supernatant and acetic acid to the fruit and vegetables, as well as the alfalfa green leaves and processed products thereof. Is immersed in a solution containing acetic acid and then deproteinized to obtain a supernatant, which provides a method for producing the composition.

The term "improvement in growth" as used in the present invention means an increase in the yield and / or quality of fruits and vegetables, and also includes a favorable growth state of fruits and vegetables which brings about such effects. An increase in yield means an increase in fruit weight and the number of fruit, and an improvement in quality means an improvement in sugar content and appearance (color, shape, surface shape, presence of cavities, etc.) of fruit.

The alfalfa green leaf deproteinization supernatant used in the present invention is obtained by removing proteins from alfalfa used as feed, food, etc., and its raw material is easily available and excellent in safety. There is. Also, this one is easy to use and has no vegetation damage,
It is extremely useful for improving the growth of plants. On the other hand, as the acetic acid used in the present invention, vinegar and the like can be used as well as synthetic acetic acid, and brewed vinegar having a mild acid odor and containing many kinds of amino acids and organic acids is more preferable. The use of acetic acid has an effect that no offensive odor is generated due to putrefaction of the composition, foaming is suppressed, and handling is simple.

As described above, the alfalfa green leaf deproteinization supernatant used in the present invention is an extract from alfalfa foliage, and is usually excreted when green protein is extracted from alfalfa. That is, the cut alfalfa is squeezed into green juice and press cake, and after acetic acid is added to the obtained green juice, it is heat-treated and then filtered to obtain a deproteinized supernatant obtained when the green leaf proteins are removed. That is. In addition, in order to coagulate and remove the contained protein, acid treatment such as lactic acid fermentation is performed, or 50 to 95 ° C.
Although the heating treatment has been performed, the present invention can also use the one obtained by treating by such a method. Also dried alfalfa (Hey, Cube,
Those obtained by adding water or / and acetic acid to a pellet or the like, immersing the product, deproteinizing the product, and squeezing can also be used in the present invention. Processes such as alfalfa juice and protein extraction from green juice can be performed according to conventional methods.
There are no restrictions on the conditions such as temperature and filtration method.

As described above, the composition of the present invention contains the alfalfa green leaf deproteinization supernatant and acetic acid, and can be prepared by simply mixing the two or by the method described above. The concentration of acetic acid used should be 0.3% (W / W) or more from the viewpoint of the microbiological stability of the composition and the stability of the active ingredient, and if it is less than this value. However, there is a problem that the composition deteriorates due to decay or chemical change. On the other hand, the acetic acid concentration is 10% (W /
If it exceeds W), inconvenience may occur due to the problem of the influence of acetic acid on soil components and the environment (pH decrease, acid odor, etc.). More preferably, the acetic acid concentration is 0.7% (W /
It is desirable to be W) or more and 5% (W / W) or less.

Next, Table 1 shows an example of the component composition of the composition of the present invention.

[Table 1] Table 1 Acetic acid 0.3 to 10.0% (W / W) Extract content 1.0 to 10.0% (W / W) Total nitrogen 0.03 to 0.20% (W / W) Total sugar 0.3 to 2.0% (W / W) Ash 0.3-2.0% (W / W) Specific gravity 1.00-1.05 pH 3.0-6.0

In carrying out the present invention, the present composition can be directly applied to fruits and vegetables, or can be diluted with water or a solvent (such as liquid fertilizer or spreading agent) to a predetermined concentration before use. . In addition, plant fermented meal, plant oil cake, plant saccharified meal, wood peat, waste paper pulp fiber, grass charcoal humus, rhyolite tuff powder, bentonite, soil, compost, peat moss, leaf clay, activated carbon, perlite, It can be used by being mixed with or adsorbed on a carrier such as vermiculite, zeolite, or diatom shell. Further, if necessary, they can be mixed or used in combination with an appropriate agricultural chemical, fertilizer, activator or the like.

In the present invention, the use of the present composition for improving growth depends on the type of fruit and vegetables, the method of use, the time of use, etc., but the composition is generally used for soil or soil. A preferable effect can be obtained by spraying so as to be 0.1 to 100 ml / m ² . As the use timing and method of the present composition, seedlings of fruit and vegetables may be dipped in the composition, or may be sprayed by mixing the composition with soil or soil.
After planting, it may be sprayed on the foliage surface of fruit vegetables, irrigated with soil or soil, or sprinkled with water. Furthermore, for effective use, it is advisable to apply the composition 1 to 5 times to fruit vegetables and / or soil at an early stage after planting.
Further, it may be continuously applied to fruit vegetables and / or soil every 10 to 30 days at the harvest time until the harvest is completed.

[0019]

EXAMPLES Next, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples, which should not be construed as limiting the invention. Test Example 1 10 m of the composition prepared by adding acetic acid to a predetermined concentration of alfalfa green leaf deproteinization supernatant was prepared.
30 liters each in a test tube (internal diameter 1.2 cm x 18 cm)
Stored at 7 ° C for 7 days. Table 2 shows the results of an examination of the relationship between the acetic acid concentration and the antiseptic properties and acid odors of the present composition. As for the rotten ones, gas generation, turbidity and offensive odor due to microorganisms are remarkable.

Further, 10 liters of the present composition was placed in a 10 liter container made of polyethylene and stored at room temperature for 1 month and 6 months, and then the presence or absence of decay of the present composition was examined. .

[0021]

[Table 2] Table 2 ──────────────────────────────────── Acetic acid concentration 0 0.3 0.7 13 5 10 15% (W / W) ──────────────────────────────────── Corrosion + − − − − − − − Intensity of acid odor − ^* − ± ± ± ± ＋＋＋ ─────────────────────────────── ───── Presence or absence of rot: + Yes, -No Yes Intensity of acid odor: ++ Feel strongly, feel +, ± feel weak, -not feel ^* There is a strange odor

[0022]

[Table 3] Table 3 ──────────────────────────────────── Acetic acid concentration 0 0.3 0.7 13 5 10 15% (W / W) ──────────────────────────────────── 1 month storage + − − − − − − − Store for 6 months + ± − − − − − − ────────────────────────────────── ── Corrosion: + Yes, ± slightly Yes, -No

Example 1 (Production method of the composition of the present invention) 600 kg of foliage of alfalfa raw grass was mowed, sheared to about 5 to 15 cm with a crusher, squeezed with a juicer to give 400 liters of green juice. Got Brewed vinegar was added to this so that the degree of acetic acid was 1%, and the mixture was heated to 95 ° C. to coagulate the protein and then centrifuged to obtain 380 liters of the target composition. The analytical values of the obtained composition are shown below.

[General Ingredients] [Inorganic Ingredients] Glycine 60ppm Acetic Acid 1.0% (W / W) K 3460ppm Alanine 9ppm Extract 3.5% (W / W) Ca 1070ppm Valine 201ppm Total Nitrogen 0.15% (W / W) Mg 180ppm Cystine 0ppm Total sugar 1.1% (W / W) P 310ppm Methionine 0ppm Ash 1.0% (W / W) Fe 4ppm Isoleucine 83ppm Specific gravity 1.01 Zn 2ppm Leucine 113ppm pH 5.0 Mn 0.8ppm Tyrosine 25ppm Salt 0.1% (W / W) Cu 0.2ppm Phenylalanine 41ppm [Organic acid] [Amino acid] Histidine 35ppm Malic acid 0.3% (W / W) Aspartic acid 307ppm Lysine 47ppm Citric acid 0.1% (W / W) Threonine 110ppm Arginine 34ppm Lactic acid 0.01% (W / W) Serine 293ppm Asparagine 3280ppm Proline 163ppm Glutamine 395ppm

Example 2 (Production method of the composition of the present invention) To 100 kg of dried alfalfa pellets, 750 liters of a liquid diluted with brewing vinegar to have an acetic acidity of 3% was added, and the mixture was allowed to stand overnight and then squeezed. Was squeezed to obtain a crude composition, and steam at 130 ° C. was introduced to coagulate the protein, followed by centrifugation to obtain 700 liters of a target composition. The analytical values of the obtained composition are shown below.

[General Ingredients] Total Sugar 0.78% (W / W) Salt 0.03% (W / W) Acetic Acid 3.1% (W / W) Ash 0.68% (W / W) [Organic Acid] Extract 3.0% (W / W) Specific gravity 1.01 Malic acid 0.22% (W / W) Total nitrogen 0.06% (W / W) pH 4.4 Citric acid 0.12% (W / W) Lactic acid 0.04% (W / W) [Amino acid] Isoleucine 32ppm [Inorganic component ] Aspartic acid 60ppm Leucine 33ppm K 1430ppm Threonine 39ppm Tyrosine 10ppm Ca 1110ppm Serine 70ppm Phenylalanine 24ppm Mg 252ppm Proline 426ppm Histidine 17ppm P 140ppm Glycine 8ppm Lysine 19ppm Fe 4.2ppm Alanine 56ppm Arginine 24ppm Zn Asparagine 1.8ppm 11g Paraline 59ppm Valine 59ppm Varin 59ppm Varin 59ppm Valine 59ppm Paraline 59ppm 8ppm Cu 0.2ppm ppm Methionine 1ppm

Example 3 (Improving the sugar content of strawberries by the composition of the present invention) The composition obtained in Example 2 was used and the composition was carried out under the following conditions. Cropping type: Flat land forced cultivation (planting September 18) Crop: Strawberry (variety: Akanekko) Treatment method: In the treatment area, 1 ml of this composition is diluted with 1 liter of water, and 1 liter per 1 m ^{2 of} ridge. Irrigated. (Treatment day: 121 days after planting, 136 days, 150
5th day, 218th day and 234th day) Treatment scale: 1 ward, 30 strains (2 m ² ) Cultivation outline: Cultivation management is as usual. Harvesting was performed almost every week, and the sugar content of 10 fruits of 6 g or more was measured and the average value was obtained. Measurement of sugar content: Handheld refractometer N-2 manufactured by Atago Co., Ltd.
The Brix of fruit juice was measured using the type 0 to obtain the sugar content. Excavation survey: After cultivation was completed (248 days after planting), 15 strains were collected in each ward, and the weights of the above-ground portion and the underground portion were measured.

The results of the sugar content survey are shown in FIG. 1, and the results of the growth condition survey are shown in Table 4. As you can see from the figure and table,
By using the composition of the present invention, the sugar content of the harvested fruits is higher than that in the untreated section, and the quality is improved. The growth condition was also good, and the root branching was promoted.

[0029]

[Table 4] Table 4 ──────────────────────────────────── Wet weight (g / share) Dry weight (g / share) Dry weight (g / share) Test area ────────────────────────────── (whole) ( Aboveground) (Underground) ──────────────────────────────────── Treatment area 184 (107) 33 1 (116) 11.8 (127) Untreated area 171 (100) 28.4 (100) 9.4 (100) ───────────────────── ──────────────── The numerical value in () indicates the relative value when the untreated area is 100.

Example 4 (Increase in strawberry yield by the composition of the present invention) The composition obtained in Example 1 was used and carried out under the following conditions. Cropping type: Flat land forcing cultivation (Raising seedling: Temporary planting of July 18 seedling, Fixed planting: September 25) Crop: Strawberry (variety: Onamine) Treatment method: Treatment area A (1 ml of this composition is taken in 1 liter of water) Diluted and irrigated with 1 liter per 1 m ^{2 of} ridge. The treatment was performed twice at the time of planting and every 2 weeks thereafter. Treatment section B (take 10 ml of this composition, dilute to 1 liter of water, and ridge 1 m ² 1 liter per irrigation process was performed twice at every planting and every 2 weeks thereafter. Treatment scale: 10 plots in 1 ward (1.2 m ² ) at the time of cultivation, 2 repetitions Cultivation outline: Cultivation management is as usual. . The yield of fruits of 6 g or more was measured from December to April of the following year. The results of the yield investigation are shown in Table 5. As is apparent from the table, the use of the composition of the present invention increased the total yield and improved the growth.

[0031]

[Table 5] Table 5 ──────────────────────────────────── Yield (g / strain) test Ward ────────────────────────────── December January February March April April Total ───────── ──────────────────────────── Treatment Zone A 28 183 78 78 118 189 595 (107) Treatment Zone B 30 174 83 94 94 202 583 ( 104) Untreated area 25 171 93 911 177 558 (100) ───────────────────────────────────── The numerical value in () indicates a relative value when the untreated section is 100.

Example 5 (Improving the yield of strawberries by the composition of the present invention) The composition obtained in Example 2 was used and carried out under the following conditions. Cropping type: Flat land forcing cultivation (Raising seedlings: Temporary planting on July 15th, night cooling:
Starts on August 5th, Planted: August 29th) Crop: Strawberry (variety: Akanekko) Treatment method: Treatment area A (Take 10 ml of this composition and water 1
It was diluted to 1 liter and 1 liter per 1 m ^{2 of} ridge was irrigated. The treatment was performed at the time of planting and twice every two weeks thereafter. Treatment zone B (during the seedling raising period, 5 ml of this composition was diluted with 1.5 liters of water and sprayed on 50 strains. The treatment was performed twice at the time of temporary planting and after 10 days. After the same treatment as in A, the irrigation treatment was performed once a month until the end of cultivation.) Treatment scale: 50 seedlings (1 m ² ) in seedling raising period, 10 strains in 1 plot during cultivation (2 repeats, 15 / m ² ) Cultivation overview: Cultivation management is as usual. At the start of night cooling, a seedling growth survey (average value of 25 strains) was carried out. Harvest is almost 1
It was performed every week and the yield of fruits of 6 g or more was measured. The results of the seedling growth survey are shown in Table 6, and the results of the yield survey are shown in Table 7. As is apparent from the table, the use of the composition of the present invention improves the growth of seedlings, and the initial yield (from November to
In December, not only was it higher than the untreated plot, but the total yield was also increased.

[0033]

[Table 6] Table 6 ─────────────────── Test area Seedling weight (g / share) ─────────────── ───── Treatment area A 24.62 (124) Untreated area 19.84 (100) ──────────────────── () is the value of untreated area Shows the relative value when 100 is set.

[0034]

[Table 7] Table 7 ──────────────────────────────────── Yield (g / strain) test Ward ─────────────────────────────── November-December January February March March Total ─────── ────────────────────────────── Treatment zone A 49 (132) 59 87 87 90 285 (106) Treatment zone B 52 (141) ) 30 110 91 283 (105) untreated area 37 (100) 53 112 112 67 269 (100) ───────────────────────────── ──────── () shows the relative value when the untreated area is 100.

Example 6 (Improvement of growth of strawberry seedlings by the composition of the present invention) [0035] The composition obtained in Example 2 was used and carried out under the following conditions. Cropping type: Pot seedling (new stock planting: March 13, pot raising:
3rd July) Crop: Strawberry (variety: Onamine) Treatment method: Treatment area (1 ml of this composition is taken and water 300
It was diluted to ml and treated with 30 ml per strain. The treatment was performed twice at the time of raising the pot and after 2 weeks. ) Treatment scale: 1 ward, 20 strains (12 cm pot) Cultivation outline: Cultivation management is as usual. The growth survey (average value of 20 strains) was conducted on September 1. The results of the growth survey are shown in Table 8. As you can see from the table,
The use of the composition of the present invention improved the growth of strawberry seedlings.

[0036]

[Table 8] Table 8 ─────────────────────────────────── Test plots Plant height Crown diameter Root root Area (cm) (mm) (g) (cm ² ) ───────────────────────────────────── Treatment area 20.1 9.5 13.2 458.5 Untreated area 18.8 9.2 12.0 436.7 ───────────────────── ───────────────

Example 7 (Improvement of growth of tomato seedlings by the composition of the present invention) The composition obtained in Example 2 was used, and the conditions were as follows. Cropping type: Paper pot sowing: September 30th, pot transplanting: October 12th Crops: Tomato (cultivar: greenhouse Momotaro) Treatment method: Treatment plot (take 1 ml of this composition and add 300 ml of water)
It was diluted to ml and treated with 30 ml per strain. The treatment was performed twice at the time of transplantation and every two weeks thereafter. ) Treatment scale: 1 ward, 10 strains (12 cm vinyl pot) Cultivation overview: Cultivation management is as usual. Moved to the glass greenhouse on November 6th. Growth survey (average of 10 strains) December 1
I went to the 0th day. The results of the growth survey are shown in Table 9. As you can see from the table,
The use of the composition of the present invention improved the growth of tomato seedlings.

[0038]

[Table 9] Table 9 ─────────────────────────────────── Test section Stem length Total weight Root weight Number of flowers (mm) (g) (g) ───────────────────────────────────── Treatment area 42 39 14 1.1 Untreated area 33 27 10 0.6 ─────────────────────────────────────

Example 8 (improvement of growth of melon seedlings by the composition of the present invention) The composition obtained in Example 2 was used and carried out under the following conditions. Cropping type: Tray sowing: February 20 (Vinyl house) Crop: Melon (variety: Super Green) Treatment method: Treatment area (1 ml of this composition is taken and water 500
It was diluted to ml and treated with 50 ml per strain. The treatment was carried out twice at the time of sowing and every 10 days thereafter. ) Treatment scale: 1 ward, 10 shares Cultivation overview: Cultivation management is as usual. Growth survey (average of 10 strains) was conducted on March 30. As a result of the growth survey, the treated plots had better rooting and more branching than the untreated plots. In addition, the internodes were slightly short and the stem diameter was large, and healthy seedlings could be grown.

[0040]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, it is possible to increase the yield and / or improve the quality of fruit vegetables by using a composition consisting of acetic acid and green leaf deproteinized supernatant obtained from alfalfa of grass which is easily available. .

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of investigation of strawberry sugar content in Example 3.

Front Page Continuation (72) Inventor Kazuo Okumura 5-66-14 Iwanameto-cho, Handa City, Aichi Prefecture (72) Inventor Yoshiya Kawamura 132 Furutawa, Kochino-cho, Konan City, Aichi Prefecture

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A method for improving the growth of fruit vegetables, which comprises applying a composition containing alfalfa green leaf deproteinization supernatant and acetic acid to the fruit vegetables. 2. The method for improving the growth of fruit vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the acetic acid is vinegar. 3. The method for improving the growth of fruit vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the fruit vegetables are any one of strawberries, tomatoes and melons. 4. The method for improving the growth of fruit vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the acetic acid concentration of the composition is 0.3% (W / W) or more and 10% (W / W) or less. 5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the alfalfa green leaf or a processed product thereof is immersed in a solution containing acetic acid and then deproteinized to obtain a supernatant. Method. 6. The acetic acid concentration is 0.3% (W / W) or more and 10%.
The method according to claim 5, which is (W / W) or less.