JPH06194093A - Total enthalpy heat exchanger - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a total enthalpy heat exchanger in which no deformation occurs even in an environment in which dew condensation is repeated and performance is not reduced by using for a long term. CONSTITUTION:The overall heat exchanger feeds two types of gas via a partition plate 2 to heat exchange sensible heats and latent heats of the two gases via the plate 2. The plate 2 is formed of a composite moisture permeable film 6 formed with a nonaqueous soluble hydrophilic polymer thin film 5 capable of permeating steam on one side surface of a porous sheet 4. Accordingly, since the film 5 is nonaqueous soluble, it does not flow, and aging decrease of performance does not occur.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a ventilator for simultaneously supplying fresh outside air and exhausting polluted indoor air, and a fresh air treatment device for air conditioning machine rooms such as buildings (total heat of the intake air and exhaust air). The present invention relates to a total heat exchanger used for a heat exchanger, etc., and particularly to a total heat exchanger that can withstand use in an environment where dew condensation is likely, such as in a cold region.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Ventilation in a living space is becoming more important as insulation and airtightness are improved to improve the heating and cooling effect. As a method of performing ventilation without impairing the cooling and heating effect, a method of exchanging heat between the air supply and the exhaust is effective, and if the temperature (sensible heat) as well as the humidity (latent heat) can be exchanged at the same time. The effect will be significant. In order to meet such demands, there is a static total heat exchanger disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 47-19990 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 54-1054.

The conventional static total heat exchanger described above has a structure in which flat partition plates 20 and corrugated spacing plates 21 are alternately laminated as shown in FIG. A flow path 22 for air supply and a flow path 23 for exhaust air are formed by making the directions of (1) and (2) orthogonal to each other. In the figure, the arrow (a) indicates the direction of air supply, and the arrow (b) indicates the direction of exhaust.

For example, as a supply air, a flow path 22 for supplying outdoor air (fresh but cold and dry air) in winter
Then, when the indoor air heated as exhaust air (dirty but warm and humid air) is passed through the flow paths 23 for exhaust air, respectively, the air is supplied and exhausted via the partition plate 20. The temperature and humidity are exchanged, and the supply air is warmed and humidified before it is supplied indoors. Further, the exhaust gas is cooled, dehumidified, and exhausted outdoors. As the partition plate 20, which is the main component of heat exchange, processed paper (which allows water vapor to pass but not air) which has been conventionally treated with a water-soluble polymer containing a hygroscopic agent is used. Realizes total heat exchange efficiency.

With the widespread use of total heat exchangers, there has been a strong demand for the installation of heat exchange ventilators for cold regions, hot water pools, etc. However, in such an environment, there is a large temperature difference between the air supply and the exhaust, and dew condensation occurs. However, the above-mentioned processed paper has a problem that it cannot withstand long-term use due to deformation due to dew condensation.

The problem is that a moisture-permeable gas shield made by coating a water-soluble polymer containing a hygroscopic agent on a polymeric porous member having excellent water resistance is used as the partition plate 20, and polyethylene or polypropylene is formed into a corrugated plate shape. A water-insoluble hydrophilic material on a total heat exchanger using the molded spacing plate 21 (Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 25476/1992) and a porous base material having a dense air permeability of 20 seconds / 100 cc or more. It has been solved by a total heat exchanger (Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-8115) using a partition plate 20 coated with a functional polymer.

[0007]

In the total heat exchanger using the moisture permeable gas shield (as disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 25476/1992), the moisture permeable gas shield itself does not deform even when dew condensation occurs. However, there is a problem in that the applied chemicals flow over a long period of time and the performance deteriorates.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-4 by a partition plate 20 in which a water-insoluble hydrophilic polymer is directly coated on a porous substrate such as a nonwoven fabric.
In the total heat exchanger disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8115, a hydrophilic polymer film is formed on a porous substrate such as a non-woven fabric having a high air permeability. It is difficult to obtain good moisture permeability. That is, when the hydrophilic polymer film is made thin, the bond with the porous base material becomes low, and problems such as peeling occur and pinholes easily occur.

Further, this type of total heat exchanger is generally shown in FIG.
A large block 24 in which a partition plate 20 and a spacing plate 21 are laminated in the shape of corrugated paper as shown in FIG.
Then, multiple pieces are created at one time, but if the spacing plate 21 is plastic or the partition plate 20 is cloth,
It is difficult to obtain a flat cut surface, and it takes time to process the end surface that is the entrance and exit of the processing air, which is a problem in manufacturing.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and a first object thereof is to provide a total heat exchanger which does not deform even in an environment where dew condensation is repeated and whose performance does not deteriorate even after long-term use. The second purpose is to further improve the total heat exchange efficiency, and the third purpose
The purpose of is to provide a total heat exchanger that is easy to manufacture.

[0011]

A non-water-soluble hydrophilic polymer thin film is used to realize a moisture-permeable gas shield that does not deform even in an environment where repeated dew condensation occurs and the performance is maintained for a long period of time. The total heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention is a partition plate for exchanging sensible heat and latent heat of two kinds of airflows, and is a water-insoluble hydrophilic material that allows water vapor to permeate one side of a porous sheet. The composite permeable membrane formed with a polymer thin film is used.

The total heat exchanger according to the second aspect of the present invention is a partition plate for exchanging sensible heat and latent heat of two kinds of air flows.
This is a composite permeable membrane in which a water-insoluble hydrophilic polymer thin film permeable to water vapor is formed on one surface of a porous sheet, and a breathable base cloth is laminated on the other surface.

A total heat exchanger according to a third aspect of the present invention is a partition plate for exchanging sensible heat and latent heat of two kinds of airflows, which is a water-insoluble hydrophilic highly porous material that allows water vapor to permeate one side of a porous sheet. This is a composite permeable membrane in which a molecular thin film is formed and a breathable base cloth is laminated on the hydrophilic polymer thin film.

The total heat exchanger according to the fourth aspect of the present invention is a partition plate for exchanging sensible heat and latent heat of two kinds of airflows, and a fibrous porous sheet having high air permeability and a water-insoluble material capable of transmitting water vapor. The composite permeable membrane in which a water-insoluble porous membrane having a lower air permeability than the fibrous porous sheet is interposed between the hydrophilic polymer thin film and the hydrophilic polymer thin film.

In the total heat exchanger according to the fifth aspect of the invention, in particular, the intervals between the partition plates according to the fourth aspect of the invention are held by a space plate formed by corrugating a water-insoluble fibrous porous sheet. Is.

[0016]

In the first aspect of the invention, since the partition plate, which is a moisture permeable gas shield, is constituted by the composite moisture permeable membrane in which the water-insoluble hydrophilic polymer thin film is formed on one surface of the porous sheet, dew condensation is caused. Even in an environment where the above is repeated, no deformation occurs, and stable performance is maintained for a long period of time.

In each of the second and third aspects of the invention, due to the construction of the partition plate of the composite moisture-permeable membrane which is a moisture-permeable gas shield, the humidity exchange efficiency is particularly high, and it is deformed even in an environment where dew condensation is repeated. With this, stable performance can be maintained over a long period of time.

In the fourth aspect of the invention, since the thin film of the water-insoluble hydrophilic polymer, which is the main component of the moisture permeable gas shield, is formed on the fibrous porous sheet having a large air permeability through the porous membrane, The thin film can be made sufficiently thin while avoiding pinhole formation and peeling, and a total heat exchanger with a low gas transfer rate can be obtained.

In the fifth aspect of the invention, the water-insoluble hydrophilic high-purity thin film, which is the main component of the moisture-permeable gas shield, can be made sufficiently thin while avoiding pinhole formation and peeling.
Since a total heat exchanger with a small gas transfer rate can be obtained and the spacing plate is composed of a water-insoluble porous sheet,
The adhesiveness with the partition plate is improved, and the cuttability in manufacturing is also improved.

[0020]

1 is a perspective view showing a total heat exchanger 1 having the most basic structure as an embodiment of the present invention. That is, the total heat exchanger 1 has a structure in which partition plates 2 each having a rectangular projected plane shape are stacked in a plurality of layers at predetermined intervals with a spacing plate 3 having a rectangular projected plane shape sandwiched therebetween. It has a hexahedral shape as shown. The partition plate 2 is formed of a composite moisture-permeable membrane 6 having a basic structure in which a water-insoluble hydrophilic polymer thin film 5 is formed on a porous sheet 4.

The porous sheet 4 constituting the composite moisture permeable membrane 6 is a porous sheet made of commercially available polyethylene, polypropylene, cellulose acetate, polytetrafluoroethylene or the like. The water-insoluble hydrophilic polymer thin film 5 is a polyurethane resin containing an oxyethylene group, a polyester resin containing an oxyethylene group, a resin containing a sulfonic acid group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group at the terminal or side chain. Etc. Further, as the breathable base cloth 7 described later, woven cloth or knitted cloth such as nylon or polyester is used.

Example 1. A composite moisture-permeable membrane 6 in which a hydrophilic polymer thin film 5 is formed by thinly coating a polyurethane resin containing 30% of oxyethylene groups on one side of a porous sheet 4 made of polytetrafluoroethylene and having a thickness of 100 μm. The total heat exchanger 1 is a partition plate 2. As shown in FIG. 2, the cross section of the composite moisture permeable membrane 6 shows that a part of the polyurethane resin layer having a thickness of about 10 microns enters the pores 8 of the porous sheet 4 as shown in FIG. It can be seen that the hydrophilic polymer thin film 5 is less likely to be peeled off and structural stability can be obtained since the hydrophilic polymer thin film 5 is in a state of being bonded. The composite moisture-permeable membrane 6 is used as the partition plate 2 and has a thickness of 10
A hard polymer sheet of 0 to 200 microns is bonded to the corrugated plate 3 which is processed into a corrugated plate to form a unit component member. It has a structure as shown in FIG.

Example 2. The surface of a 25 micron-thick porous sheet 4 made of polytetrafluoroethylene is thinly coated with a polyurethane resin containing 30% of oxyethylene groups to form a hydrophilic polymer thin film 5, and a nylon woven fabric is formed on the back surface. The total heat exchanger 1 has a partition plate 2 having a composite moisture permeable membrane 6a to which a breathable base cloth 7 which is a cloth is point-bonded. A cross section of the composite moisture permeable membrane 6a is as shown in FIG. 3, and when observed by an electron microscope, a part of the polyurethane resin layer having a thickness of about 10 microns enters the pore portion 8 of the porous sheet 4 and both are It can be seen that the hydrophilic polymer thin film 5 is hard to peel off and structural stability can be obtained because the hydrophilic polymer thin film 5 is firmly bonded. Further, although the adhesive for adhering the breathable base cloth 7 impairs the moisture permeability of a part of the composite moisture permeable membrane 6a, the effective moisture permeable area is secured at 70% to 80%.
The composite moisture-permeable membrane 6a is used as a partition plate 2, and a hard polymer sheet having a thickness of 100 to 200 microns is bonded to a spacing plate 3 processed into a corrugated plate shape to produce a unit component member. The constituent members are stacked in a plurality of layers such that the direction of the spacing plate 3 is orthogonal to every other step, and the structure shown in FIG. 1 is obtained.

Example 3. The surface of a 25 micron-thick porous sheet 4 made of polytetrafluoroethylene is thinly coated with a polyurethane resin containing 30% of oxyethylene groups, and at the same time, a breathable base cloth 7 which is a nylon woven cloth is obtained. The total heat exchanger 1 has a partition plate 2 which is a composite moisture-permeable membrane 6b that is superposed and joined. This composite moisture permeable membrane 6
The cross section of b is as shown in FIG. 4, and as a result of observation with an electron microscope, a part of the layer of polyurethane resin having a thickness of about 10 μm enters into the pores 8 of the porous sheet 4 and both are firmly bonded. It can be seen that the hydrophilic polymer thin film 5 hardly peels off and structural stability is obtained. Further, the breathable base cloth 7 is also appropriately bonded through the polyurethane resin layer. The composite moisture-permeable membrane 6b is used as a partition plate 2 and a hard polymer sheet having a thickness of 100 to 200 microns is bonded to a spacing plate 3 processed into a corrugated plate shape to produce a unit component member. The constituent members are stacked in a plurality of layers such that the direction of the spacing plate 3 is orthogonal to every other step, and the structure shown in FIG. 1 is obtained.

Example 4. Polyethylene, polypropylene, cellulose acetate, polytetrafluoroethylene, etc. are used as the material on the surface of the water-insoluble fibrous porous sheet 9 made of a non-woven fabric made of polyethylene, polypropylene, cellulose acetate, polyester, etc. and having a thickness of about 100 microns. A composite moisture-permeable membrane in which a water-insoluble hydrophilic polymer thin film 5 capable of transmitting water vapor is formed on the surface of the non-water-soluble porous membrane 10 having a thickness of about 25 μm. The partition plate 6 is used as a partition plate 2, and a space plate 3 obtained by processing a hard polymer sheet having a thickness of 100 to 200 microns into a corrugated plate is bonded to produce a unit component member. The members are stacked in a plurality of layers so that the direction of the spacing plate 3 is orthogonal to every other step, and the structure shown in FIG. 1 is obtained.

The fibrous porous sheet 9 is made of a non-woven fabric having an air permeability of 1 second or less and having an extremely high air permeability.
0 is a film having an average pore diameter of 10 μm or less, which is much smaller than that of the fibrous porous sheet 9, and the fibrous porous sheet 9
Are spot-bonded and polymerized. Hydrophilic polymer thin film 5
Is formed by thinly coating a polyurethane resin containing an oxyethylene group, a polyester resin containing an oxyethylene group, or a resin containing a sulfonic acid group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group at the terminal or side chain.

The cross section of the composite moisture permeable membrane 6c is as shown in FIG. 5, and by observation with an electron microscope, a part of the resin forming the hydrophilic polymer thin film 5 having a thickness of about 20 μm is a fiber. It can be seen that the porous polymer sheet 9 enters into the pores and is firmly bonded, and the hydrophilic polymer thin film 5 hardly peels off and structural stability is obtained. In particular,
Since the hydrophilic polymer thin film 5 is formed not directly on the fibrous porous sheet 9 but through the porous film 10, the hydrophilic polymer thin film 5 is sufficient while avoiding pinhole formation and peeling. The total heat exchanger can be made thin and has a low gas transfer rate. The fibrous porous sheet 9 and the porous membrane 1
The moisture permeability of a part of the hydrophilic polymer thin film 5 is impaired by the adhesive material formed by the point adhesion with 0, but 70% to 8%
An effective moisture permeation area of 0% can be secured, which is not a problem.

Example 5. The hydrophilic polymer thin film 5 of the composite moisture-permeable membrane 6c of Example 4 is made to have a thickness of about 10 microns, and a water-insoluble fibrous porous sheet having a thickness of 100 to 200 microns is processed into a corrugated plate shape. The spacing plates 3 obtained in this manner are bonded together to produce a unitary constituent member, and the constituent members are stacked in a plurality of layers such that the directions of the spacing plates 3 are orthogonal to each other, and the structure shown in FIG. It is what

This composite moisture permeable membrane 6c is also a hydrophilic polymer thin film 5 having a thickness of about 10 microns when observed by an electron microscope.
A part of the resin forming the same enters into the pores of the fibrous porous sheet 9 and is firmly bonded to the hydrophilic polymer thin film 5 as in Example 4. In addition to the fact that peeling of the partition plate 2 is unlikely to occur, the bondability between the partition plate 2 and the spacing plate 3 is good and structural stability is obtained. In particular, this embodiment is easy to manufacture and easy to finish. That is, when a large block in which the partition plate 2 and the spacing plate 3 are laminated in a corrugated cardboard shape is cut into several pieces to make a plurality of total heat exchangers 1 at a time, the spacing plate 3 is a fibrous porous sheet. Since the core constituent member of the partition plate 2 is also a fibrous porous sheet,
It is easy to obtain a flat cut surface, and it does not take time and effort to process the end surface that serves as the inlet and outlet of the processing air.

In order to clarify the performance of the total heat exchanger 1 of each of the above-mentioned embodiments, the following total heat exchanger is presented as a comparative example. That is, in the total heat exchanger of the comparative example, lithium chloride was used as the hygroscopic agent, and the average degree of polymerization of the hydrophilic polymer was 2
5,000 polyvinyl alcohols were used to prepare aqueous solutions of 5% by weight and 15% by weight, respectively. Next, the basis weight is 60g
/ M ² , the film thickness was 120 μm, and the average diameter of the pores was 1 μm. The above aqueous solution was applied to a polyethylene polymer porous sheet with a wire bar at an application amount of about 10 g / m ² to obtain a partition plate. This partition plate, which is a moisture permeable membrane, is bonded to a corrugated plate-shaped spacer plate to create unit components, and these component members are stacked in multiple layers so that the spacer plates are orthogonal to each other at every step. Each of them has a structure as shown in FIG. 1 as a hexahedron having a square area of 30 cm square and a height of 50 cm.

Using the total heat exchangers 1 of Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 described above and the total heat exchanger of the comparative example described above, the air having a temperature of 20 ° C. and a relative humidity of 50% was used as the primary air flow. FIG. 6 shows the measurement results obtained by measuring the temperature exchange efficiency, the humidity exchange efficiency, the total heat exchange efficiency, and the gas transfer rate by circulating air having a temperature of 0 ° C. and a relative humidity of 50% as a secondary air flow. . That is, the temperature exchange efficiencies are 75% in all, and the humidity exchange efficiency and the total heat exchange efficiency of the comparative example and the example 1 are 6 in each of Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and the comparative example.
5%, 68% in Example 2 and 70% in Example 3.
%, 72% in Example 4, 73% in Example 5,
It improved in 3,4,5. On the other hand, the gas transfer rate is 3% in the comparative example, but is reduced to 1% to 1% or less in each of Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, and there are almost no defects as the partition plate 2 due to pinholes or the like. Was proved.

Further, Comparative Examples and Examples 1, 2, 3,
Passing high-humidity warm air through the air supply side and passing cool air through the exhaust side through each of the total heat exchangers 1 and 4 of 5 and repeatedly testing the condition of dew condensation and the condition without dew condensation, When the dew condensation property was evaluated, in the comparative example, the hydrophilic polymer containing the hygroscopic agent gradually flowed and the humidity exchange efficiency gradually decreased,
In each of the examples, since the hydrophilic polymer thin film 5 is water-insoluble, it did not flow, and the deterioration of the performance with time as in the comparative example did not occur.

[0033]

As is apparent from the above description of the embodiments, according to the first invention, a moisture permeable gas is formed by a composite moisture permeable membrane having a water-insoluble hydrophilic polymer thin film formed on one surface of a porous sheet. Since the partition plate that is a shield is configured, stable performance can be maintained for a long period of time without deformation even in an environment where dew condensation is repeated.

Further, according to the second and third inventions, due to the construction of the partition plate of the composite moisture-permeable membrane which is a moisture-permeable gas shield, the humidity exchange efficiency is particularly high, and the environment is such that dew condensation is repeated. Even in the case of, there is no deformation, and stable performance can be maintained for a long time.

Further, according to the fourth invention, a thin film of a water-insoluble hydrophilic polymer, which is a main component of the moisture-permeable gas shield, is formed on the fibrous porous sheet having a high air permeability through the porous membrane. Therefore, the thin film can be made sufficiently thin while avoiding pinhole formation and peeling, and the total heat exchange efficiency is improved and an excellent total heat exchanger with a small gas transfer rate can be obtained.

According to the fifth aspect of the invention, the water-insoluble hydrophilic polymer thin film, which is the main component of the moisture-permeable gas shield, can be made sufficiently thin while avoiding pinhole formation and peeling. It is possible to obtain a total heat exchanger with a small gas transfer rate, and since the spacing plate is made of a water-insoluble porous sheet, the adhesiveness with the partition plate is improved and the cutting property in manufacturing is also improved. And productivity is improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a basic total heat exchanger showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a sectional structure of a partition plate according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a sectional structure of a partition plate according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a sectional structure of a partition plate according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a sectional structure of a partition plate according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a sectional structure of a partition plate and a spacing plate according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing the results of the comparative performance test of the total heat exchangers of the respective examples of the present invention in a table together with the comparative examples.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a conventional basic total heat exchanger.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a manufacturing process of a basic total heat exchanger.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Total Heat Exchanger 2 Partition Plate 3 Spacing Plate 4 Porous Sheet 5 Hydrophilic Polymer Thin Film 6 Composite Moisture Permeation Membrane 6a Composite Moisture Permeation Membrane 6b Composite Moisture Permeation Membrane 6c Composite Moisture Permeation Membrane 7 Base Fabric 9 Fibrous Porous Sheet 10 Porous membrane

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. Two kinds of airflows are circulated across a partition plate,
In the one in which the sensible heat and latent heat of these two kinds of air flows are heat-exchanged through the partition plate, as the partition plate, a water-insoluble hydrophilic polymer thin film capable of transmitting water vapor is formed on one surface of the porous sheet. A total heat exchanger using the composite moisture permeable membrane as described above. 2. Two kinds of airflows are circulated across a partition plate,
In the one in which the sensible heat and latent heat of these two kinds of air flows are heat-exchanged through the partition plate, as the partition plate, a water-insoluble hydrophilic polymer thin film capable of transmitting water vapor is formed on one surface of the porous sheet. However, the total heat exchanger is characterized by using a composite moisture permeable membrane in which a breathable base cloth is laminated on the other surface. 3. Two kinds of airflows are circulated across a partition plate,
In the one in which the sensible heat and latent heat of these two kinds of air flows are heat-exchanged through the partition plate, as the partition plate, a water-insoluble hydrophilic polymer thin film capable of transmitting water vapor is formed on one surface of the porous sheet. Further, a total heat exchanger characterized by using a composite moisture permeable membrane in which a breathable base cloth is superposed on the hydrophilic polymer thin film. 4. Two kinds of airflows are circulated across a partition plate,
In the one in which the sensible heat and latent heat of these two kinds of airflows are heat-exchanged through the partition plate, the partition plate is a water-insoluble and highly air-permeable fibrous porous sheet, and a non-water-soluble material that allows water vapor to pass therethrough. Characterized by using a composite moisture-permeable membrane in which a water-insoluble porous membrane having pores having a pore size smaller than that of the fibrous porous sheet is interposed between the hydrophilic hydrophilic polymer thin film and Total heat exchanger to. 5. A partition plate in which two kinds of air currents are circulated through a partition plate held by a spacing plate, and sensible heat and latent heat of the two kinds of air flows are exchanged through the partition plate. As a water-insoluble and highly breathable fibrous porous sheet and a water-insoluble hydrophilic polymer thin film that allows water vapor to pass through, pores having a pore diameter smaller than the pore diameter of the fibrous porous sheet are provided. Characterized by using a composite moisture-permeable membrane having a water-insoluble porous membrane intervening therein, and using a water-insoluble fibrous porous membrane shaped like a corrugated plate as the spacing plate. Heat exchanger.