JPH06191759A - Emergency stop for elevator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide an emergency stop device of a small size for an elevator capable of corresponding to even large braking energy with high reliability. CONSTITUTION:When dampers 3 connected to a lifting rod 2 are guided by rollers 4, guides 5a and guide plates 6 and lifted by a predetermined value at emergency time, levers 50 are press opened through the rollers 4 and the guides 5a, and the levers 50 compress an elastic unit 100 of nonlinear spring characteristic where a spring constant is decreased from the halfway of displacement with supporting points 51 serving as the center. The elastic unit 100, by force against it, presses the dampers 3 through the levers 50, and the dampers 3 interpose a guide rail 8 to emergency stop a car by predetermined braking force. In this way, even when the damper is worn, pressing force of the elastic unit is prevented from decreasing, to enable the car to safely stop with high reliability. Further, miniaturization and lightening weight can be attained.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an elevator emergency stop device, and more particularly, it can improve reliability during operation and is small in size.
The present invention relates to an elevator emergency stop device suitable for weight reduction.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art An elevator is indispensable for a safety device, that is, an emergency stop device, which stops at a deceleration that does not damage passengers when a car is dropped due to cutting of a driving rope. As a structure of a conventional emergency stop device, there is a structure described in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 50-11249. The entire elevator emergency stop device is described in detail in the above-mentioned publication, and therefore omitted.

FIG. 14 shows a braking portion 1 attached to one guide rail of a conventional emergency stop device. When the descending speed of the car (not shown) exceeds a predetermined value, the pulling rod 2 is pulled up, and the brake element 3 connected to the pulling rod 2 is attached to the roller 4, the guide 5, and the guide 5. While being guided by the guide plate 6, it rises upward by a predetermined value. When the brake element 3 rises by a predetermined value,
Since the U-shaped elastic body 7 is expanded by the predetermined displacement amount via the roller 4 and the guide 5, the brake element 3 sandwiches the guide rail 8 by the elastic force of the elastic body 7. As a result, a predetermined braking force is generated and the car is stopped.

[0004]

When the emergency stop device of the elevator is operated and the brake shoe is worn during braking, the pressing force of the elastic body corresponding to the amount of wear is reduced. Therefore, in order to obtain a predetermined braking performance, it is necessary to consider the wear of the brake shoe, and to use a rigid elastic body that can obtain a predetermined pressing force even when the brake element is worn. In the above conventional technique, since the spring characteristic of the elastic body is linear, when the brake element is worn, assuming that the friction coefficient is constant, the stopping distance becomes long, or the deceleration at the initial stage of braking becomes large. was there. Also, high speed, like installing in a skyscraper,
In an elevator having a long process, the braking energy increases, and the pressing force of the brake shoe accordingly increases. Therefore, since the elastic body becomes large, there is a problem that the safety device becomes large in size.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems and to provide a small elevator emergency stop device which is highly reliable and can cope with a larger braking energy.

[0006]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The above-mentioned object is to provide a brake having a sloped surface horizontally opposed to sandwich a guide rail for guiding an elevator, and to sandwich the brake on the guide rail. An emergency stop device for an elevator, which comprises an elastic body arranged in a vertical direction, wherein the elastic body has a non-linear spring characteristic.

[0007]

According to the above construction, the brake shoe is connected to the pull-up rod, and when the pull-up rod is pulled up, the brake shoe arranged so as to face the guide surface of the guide rail is guided by the slope and rises. Since the elastic body having the non-linear spring characteristic is spread out, the elastic force generated pushes the guide rail so as to pinch it. Since the elastic body has a non-linear characteristic that the spring constant decreases during the displacement, the elastic constant has a small spring constant when expanded. Therefore, even if the brake shoe is worn during braking, the decrease in the pressing force of the elastic body against the brake shoe is small. Therefore, assuming that the friction coefficient between the brake element and the guide surface of the guide rail is constant, the reduction in braking force is suppressed to a small level, so that the car can be stopped safely and the reliability is high. Further, if the elastic body having the non-linear spring characteristic is formed into a partial spherical shell shape, the elastic body becomes smaller and lighter than a commonly used U-shaped elastic body or a coil spring. This makes it possible to reduce the size and weight of the emergency stop device.

[0008]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Some embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. One embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a braking portion 1 showing an embodiment of an elevator emergency stop device according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 1 and 2, in addition to the pulling rod 2, the brake element 3, the roller 4, the guide 5a, and the guide plate 6, the lever 50 and the lever 5 are provided on the body 10 of the safety device.
A pin 51, which is a fulcrum of 0, and an elastic body 100 including a spherical shell-shaped nonlinear spring are provided.

A roller 4 provided on the brake element 3 and a guide 5a having a sloped surface in contact with the roller 4 are provided, and the brake element 3 can be moved upward by being guided by the slope formed by the roller 4. . Each of the plurality of rollers 4 is rotatably connected by a connecting member. The roller 4 is fitted between the brake element 3 and the guide 5a, and the guide 5a and the holding plate 9 holding the roller 4 are connected to the guide 5a. It is stuck to.

Next, FIG. 3 shows an example of the structure of the elastic body 100 formed of a spherical shell-shaped nonlinear spring. Non-linear spring 11
0 is a partial spherical shell-shaped spring body 111, a disk-shaped spring seat 1
12, 112a, and ring-shaped spring seats 113, 113a. The partially spherical shell-shaped spring body 111 includes a spring seat 112.
And 112a and the spring seats 113 and 113a are fixed so as to be sandwiched. And the spring seat 112 or 1
Receives power at 13a. At this time, the spring seat 113a may be fixed or may be supported freely.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the spring characteristic of the elastic body 100 and shows the relationship between displacement and force. In the conventional elastic body for emergency stop, the relationship between displacement and force is linear as shown by the broken line in the figure. On the other hand, the elastic body of the emergency stop of the present invention is
As indicated by the solid line, the spring constant (inclination) is large in the small displacement range, and has a non-linear spring characteristic in which the spring constant (inclination) decreases from the middle toward the large displacement range. Therefore, as shown by the solid line in FIG. 4, by using an elastic body having a characteristic that the range of the predetermined pressing force required for braking falls within the region where the spring constant is small (the region where the inclination is small), the predetermined pressing force is The allowable amount of wear of the brake is
In the case of a linear spring, it is x ₁ , whereas in the case of an elastic body having a nonlinear spring characteristic, it is expanded to x ₂ .

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the characteristic of an elastic body having a non-linear spring characteristic, and shows the relationship between displacement and force as in FIG. When the predetermined pressing force range of the brake element of the emergency stop device is as shown in FIG. 5, and when only one elastic body having the non-linear spring characteristic of the shape shown in FIG. 3 is used, the elasticity having the characteristic shown by the solid line in FIG. Use the body. When using a plurality of elastic bodies, for example, when n elastic bodies are used in series, each of the elastic bodies has the inclination n times as shown by the spring characteristic of the one-dot chain line in the figure. Further, for example, when m pieces are used in parallel, the inclination of each elastic body is 1 / m times as shown by the spring characteristic of the broken line in the figure. In order to reduce the outer diameter of the elastic body having the nonlinear spring characteristic of the shape shown in FIG. 3, it is advantageous to combine a plurality of elastic bodies because the stress of one elastic body is reduced. In that case, the combination of parallel and series shown in FIG. 5 may be arbitrarily selected.

An example of a combination of a plurality of elastic bodies will be shown below.
FIG. 6 shows a configuration example in which a plurality of elastic bodies are used, for example, two elastic bodies are used in series. The elastic body shown in FIG.
Fix with 13a. Another method is shown in FIG.
As described above, there is also a method of fixing the spring seats 112 back to back. FIG. 8 shows a configuration example in which a plurality of elastic bodies are used, for example, two elastic bodies are used in parallel. The elastic body having the shape shown in FIG. 3 is fixed by the spring seats 113 and 113a, 112 and 112a. Further, FIG. 9 shows the elastic body 1 of FIGS.
Instead of 00, a combination of parallel and series shown in FIG.

Next, the operation of the configuration shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 9 will be described below. When the descending speed of the car exceeds a predetermined value, the pulling rod 2 is pulled up, and the brake element 3 connected to the pulling rod 2 is attached to the roller 4, the guide 5a, and the guide plate 6 attached to the guide 5a. While being guided, it rises upward by a predetermined value. When the brake shoe 3 moves up by a predetermined value, the lever 50 is spread out via the roller 4 and the guide 5a. The lever 50 has one elastic body 100 or a plurality of elastic bodies 20 having a non-linear spring characteristic, in which the spring constant decreases from the middle of the displacement around the fulcrum 51.
Compress 0. On the other hand, the elastic body 100 or 200 presses the brake shoe 3 via the lever with a force against it, so that the brake shoe 3 pinches the guide rail 8 and a predetermined braking force is generated to stop the car.

Here, the drag force of the elastic body with respect to the pressing force of the brake element is determined by the lever ratio, L ₁ : L ₂ , and the drag force of the elastic body can be decreased by increasing L ₂ with respect to L ₁ . The size of the elastic body can be reduced and the weight can be reduced. Further, in the safety device of the present invention, the elastic body 1
Since 00 or 200 has the spring characteristics as shown by the solid line in FIG. 5, even if the brake element 3 is worn during braking, the pressing force of the elastic body against the brake element is small. Therefore, assuming that the friction coefficient between the brake shoe and the guide surface of the guide rail is constant, the reduction in braking force is suppressed to a small level, so that the car can be stopped safely and its reliability is also high. Since the elastic body having a non-linear spring characteristic has a partial spherical shell shape, it is smaller and lighter than a commonly used U-shaped elastic body or coil spring, so that the emergency stop device can be downsized. It is also possible to reduce the weight.

FIG. 10 is a vertical sectional view of another embodiment of the braking portion of the safety gear device of the present invention, and FIG. 11 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 10 and 11 are the ones in which the lever 50 shown in FIG. 1 or 2 is removed, and only the elastic body 100 having the nonlinear spring characteristic is directly arranged on the guide 5, Other than that, the others have the same structure. Therefore, the operation is similar to that of FIG. 1, FIG. 2, or FIG.
This embodiment also has the same effect as that of FIG. 1, FIG. 2, or FIG.

FIG. 12 is a vertical sectional view of another embodiment of the braking portion of the safety gear device of the present invention, and FIG. 13 is a sectional view taken along line CC of FIG. As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, and FIG.
11 is different from that shown in FIG. 11 only in that a plurality of elastic bodies 300 are arranged instead of the elastic body 100,
Others have the same structure. Therefore, the operation is similar to that of FIGS. 10 and 11, and is the same as that of FIG. 1, FIG. 2, or FIG. Also in this embodiment, the same effect as that of FIG. 1, FIG. 2, or FIG. 9 is obtained.

[0018]

According to the present invention, even if the brake shoe is worn, the pressing force of the elastic body against the brake shoe is less reduced. Therefore, assuming that the friction coefficient between the brake shoe and the guide surface of the guide rail is constant, the decrease in braking force is suppressed to a small level.
The car can be stopped safely and is highly reliable. Furthermore, by making the elastic body having the non-linear spring characteristic roughly in the shape of a partial spherical shell, it is possible to reduce the size and weight of the elastic body and the coil spring, which are usually used. This effect is more remarkable in a high-speed and long-process elevator, which is installed in a skyscraper.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a braking portion of an emergency stop device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view showing a case where one elastic body having a non-linear spring characteristic is used in the AA sectional view of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of an elastic body having a non-linear spring characteristic used for a braking portion of the safety device of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a spring characteristic of an elastic body having a non-linear spring characteristic.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a spring characteristic of an elastic body having a non-linear spring characteristic.

FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view of an example in which two elastic bodies having nonlinear spring characteristics are arranged in series.

FIG. 7 is a vertical cross-sectional view of another example in which two elastic bodies having nonlinear spring characteristics are arranged in series.

FIG. 8 is a vertical cross-sectional view of an example in which two elastic bodies having nonlinear spring characteristics are arranged in parallel.

FIG. 9 is a view showing a case where a plurality of elastic bodies having nonlinear spring characteristics are used in the AA sectional view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 10 is a vertical cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the braking portion of the safety device of the present invention.

11 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG.

FIG. 12 is a vertical cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the braking portion of the safety device of the present invention.

13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line CC of FIG.

FIG. 14 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a braking portion of a conventional constant stop device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Braking Part 2 Pulling Rod 3 Bracket 4 Roller 5, 5a Guide 6 Guide Plate 7 Elastic Body 8 Guide Rail 9 Holding Plate 10 Body 50 Lever 51 Pins 100, 200, 300 Non-linear Spring Characteristic Elastic Body 110 Non-linear Spring 111 Partial Sphere Shell-shaped spring body 112, 112a Disc-shaped spring seat 113, 113a Ring-shaped spring seat

Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. A brake shoe having a sloped surface which is horizontally opposed to and sandwiches a guide rail for guiding an elevator, and an elastic body arranged so as to sandwich the brake rail on the guide rail. An emergency stop device for an elevator, wherein the elastic body has a non-linear spring characteristic. 2. The emergency stop device for an elevator according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of elastic bodies having the non-linear spring characteristic are used, and the pressing force is adjusted by arbitrarily combining the elastic bodies in parallel and in series. 3. The emergency stop device for an elevator according to claim 1, wherein the elastic body having the non-linear spring characteristic has a partially spherical shell shape in general. 4. The emergency stop device for an elevator according to claim 3, wherein the elastic body having the non-linear spring characteristic has a fixed circumferential end portion. 5. The emergency stop device for an elevator according to claim 3, wherein a circumferential end portion of the elastic body having the non-linear spring characteristic is supported freely. 6. The elevator emergency stop device according to claim 3, wherein the elastic body having the non-linear spring characteristic is provided with a flat portion at the deepest portion. 7. The emergency stop device for an elevator according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of elastic bodies having the non-linear spring characteristic are used in series and combined so that the deepest portions contact each other. 8. The elevator emergency stop device according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of elastic bodies having the non-linear spring characteristic are used in series and combined so that their circumferential end portions are in contact with each other. 9. An emergency stop for an elevator according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of elastic bodies having the non-linear spring characteristic are used in parallel and are combined so that the deepest portions are in contact with the circumferential end portions. apparatus. 10. A brake shoe having a sloped surface that is horizontally opposed to and sandwiches a guide rail for guiding an elevator, and an elastic body arranged so as to sandwich the brake rail on the guide rail. The elevator emergency stop device is characterized in that the elastic body has a non-linear spring characteristic and applies a pressing force to the brake shoe via a lever. 11. A brake shoe having a sloped surface that is horizontally opposed to and sandwiches a guide rail that guides an elevator, and an elastic body that is sandwiched between the guide rail and the elastic body. The elevator emergency stop device is characterized in that the elastic body has a non-linear spring characteristic and applies a pressing force directly to the brake element.