JPH06169703A - Granular feed composed mainly of fish and shellfish protein and its production - Google Patents
Granular feed composed mainly of fish and shellfish protein and its productionInfo
- Publication number
- JPH06169703A JPH06169703A JP4356599A JP35659992A JPH06169703A JP H06169703 A JPH06169703 A JP H06169703A JP 4356599 A JP4356599 A JP 4356599A JP 35659992 A JP35659992 A JP 35659992A JP H06169703 A JPH06169703 A JP H06169703A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- raw material
- water
- feed
- fish
- extruder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、魚の種苗生産に利用さ
れる粒子状飼料およびその製造方法、さらに詳しくは成
長、生残に優れ、水中に投入したとき水溶性の栄養素の
溶出が少ない、ハマチ、マダイ、ヒラメ、シマアジ、ア
ユなどの、特に仔稚魚期の飼料として好適に使用できる
魚介類蛋白質を主成分とする粒子状飼料およびその製造
方法に関する。TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a particulate feed used for producing fish seedlings and a method for producing the same, more specifically, excellent growth and survival, and little elution of water-soluble nutrients when added to water. The present invention relates to a particulate feed containing seafood protein as a main component, which is suitable for use as a feed for larval and juvenile stages, such as yellowtail, red sea bream, flounder, striped horse mackerel, and sweetfish, and a method for producing the same.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年、わが国の栽培漁業は益々重要な地
位を占めるようになっている。それに従って種苗生産の
発達もめざましく、様々な魚種で可能になった。従来種
苗生産の餌料としてワムシ、アルテミアなどの生物餌料
が用いられてきたがこれだけでは、栄養不足などから大
量へい死が起こることがわかった。それを解決すべく大
学や企業において種苗用粒子状飼料の研究開発が行わ
れ、それと生物餌料を併用することにより種苗生産技術
が向上することになった。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, Japan's cultivated fisheries have become increasingly important. Accordingly, the development of seedling production has been remarkable, and it has become possible with various fish species. Conventionally, biological feeds such as rotifer and artemia have been used as feeds for seed production, but it has been found that this alone causes large mortality due to lack of nutrition. In order to solve this, research and development of particulate feed for seeds and seedlings has been conducted in universities and companies, and by using it in combination with biological feed, seed and seedling production technology has been improved.
【0003】ところで、従来の粒子状飼料は凍結乾燥法
もしくは流動層造粒法により製造されている。前者の製
造工程は、混練、凍結乾燥、粉砕、分級と非常に手間が
かかり、更に凍結乾燥機を使用するため、多大な費用が
かかる。後者は、粉体を流動層造粒装置で攪はんしなが
らノズルから粘結剤を拡散させることにより粉体を結合
させ造粒していく性質上、粉体に油脂の混合が困難であ
る。また、製造コストもかなりかかる。By the way, conventional particulate feed is manufactured by a freeze-drying method or a fluidized bed granulation method. The former manufacturing process requires a great deal of labor such as kneading, freeze-drying, crushing, and classification, and since a freeze-dryer is used, it is very expensive. In the latter case, it is difficult to mix fats and oils into the powder due to the property that the powder is combined with the powder by stirring the powder in the fluidized bed granulator and diffusing the binder from the nozzle to combine the powder. . Moreover, the manufacturing cost is considerably high.
【0004】また、粉末状食品などの製造にエクストル
ーダーか利用されている。例えば、魚貝類の肉及び/又
はその副産物からなる主原料を、澱粉、植物性蛋白質等
の副原料及び調味料とともに、エクルトルーダーにより
80℃〜300℃下に処理した後、粉砕することを特徴
とする粉末状食品の製造法(特公平4−59870号公
報)であるが、押出成形後の粉砕工程が必須である。さ
らに、魚肉又は魚肉とその副原料との混合物を、シリン
ダー内に、互いに噛み合いながら回転する2本のスクリ
ューを備えた連続式加熱押出し装置を用いて、シリンダ
ー温度が200〜270℃である条件のもとに処理する
魚肉そぼろの製造方法(特開平4−104775号)で
あるが、目的の製品が適度な粒度に解繊されたそぼろ状
のものである。Extruders are also used in the production of powdered foods and the like. For example, a main raw material consisting of meat of fish and shellfish and / or its by-products is treated with an auxiliary extruder such as starch and vegetable protein at a temperature of 80 ° C. to 300 ° C. and then crushed. Although it is a characteristic method for producing a powdered food (Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-59870), a crushing step after extrusion molding is essential. Further, using a continuous heating extruder equipped with two screws, which rotate while meshing with each other, fish meat or a mixture of fish meat and its auxiliary raw material, under the condition that the cylinder temperature is 200 to 270 ° C. This is a method for producing a fish meat soboro that is originally processed (JP-A-4-104775), but the target product is a soboro-like product in which the target product is defibrated to an appropriate particle size.
【0005】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】このような技術背景の
下、本発明者は粒子状飼料について水中に投入したとき
の栄養素の溶出のすなわち粒子のぬれの問題、製造に手
間がかかる問題などを改善すべく、粉砕工程を経ずに製
造することを考えつき、魚介類等の高水分高油脂分の原
料をエクストルーダークッキング処理する際、エクスト
ルーダー内の圧力が変動し被処理物が連続的に吐出され
ず、間欠的に吐出し、時には爆発的に噴出してフラッシ
ュしてしまうという問題点に着目し、種々の観点から研
究し、遂にこの現象を積極的に利用してエクストルーダ
ー法を粉末化のために改良し、魚介類蛋白質を主成分と
する原料から制御された任意の粒径をもつ球状粒子を製
造することに成功したのである。すなわち、本発明は、
ハマチ、マダイ、ヒラメ、シマアジ、アユなどの特に仔
稚魚期の飼料として好適に使用できる粒子状飼料であっ
て、成長、生残に優れ、水中に投入したとき水溶性の栄
養素の溶出が少ない魚介類蛋白質を主成分とする粒子状
飼料を提供することを目的とする。さらに、本発明は、
エクストルーダーを用いて粒子状飼料または微粒子状飼
料の造粒を行い、省力化、コスト削減、または消化吸収
性向上、成分溶出軽減等により仔稚魚の成長、生残率を
向上させ種苗の安定供給の実現に寄与することを目的と
する。Under such a technical background, the present inventor has solved the problem of the elution of nutrients, that is, the problem of wetting of particles when the particulate feed is put into water, the problem that it takes time to manufacture, etc. In order to improve it, it is conceivable to manufacture it without going through a crushing process, and when the raw water with a high moisture content and oil content is subjected to the extruder dark cooking process, the pressure inside the extruder fluctuates and the object to be treated continuously. Focusing on the problem that it is not ejected, it is ejected intermittently, and sometimes it explodes and flashes, and research is done from various viewpoints. Finally, this phenomenon is positively utilized and the extruder method is powdered. Therefore, we succeeded in producing spherical particles having a controlled arbitrary particle size from raw materials containing fish and shellfish proteins as a main component. That is, the present invention is
A particulate feed that can be suitably used as a feed for larval and juvenile stages such as yellowtail, red sea bream, flounder, striped horse mackerel, and sweetfish. It has excellent growth and survival, and has little elution of water-soluble nutrients when added to water. An object is to provide a particulate feed containing proteinaceous protein as a main component. Further, the present invention provides
Granulate granular feed or particulate feed using an extruder to save labor, reduce costs, improve digestion and absorption, reduce component elution, etc. to improve the growth and survival rate of larvae and ensure a stable supply of seedlings. The purpose is to contribute to the realization of.
【0006】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】種苗用粒子状飼料は、魚
種、成長段階などに応じ、複数の栄養成分を混合物とし
て用いた微粒子状から任意の粒径のものであり、しか
も、水中に投入したときの浮遊時間がある程度長く、し
かも水溶性の栄養素の溶出が少ないものでなければなら
ない。これらの条件を満足する粒子を得るためには、特
に、微粒子状のもののときは、粒子表面が平滑で密でな
くてはならない。押出成形後或いは凍結乾燥後、粉砕す
ることによって粒径を調整する場合は粒子表面が平滑な
ものも、密なものも得られない。本発明ではエクストル
ーダーに原料を供給し混練、加圧、加熱、造粒、半乾燥
を行い、その後二次乾燥するだけで製品が完成する。エ
クストルーダー内で魚介類蛋白質と混合する副原料の小
麦粉等に含まれるでんぷんが溶け、でんぷんと蛋白質と
の融和によって、エクストルーダー吐出口によりフラッ
シュするだけで、凍結乾燥法により製造された粒子より
も粒子表面が平滑であり、かつ、内部の水分の爆発的蒸
発によってできた少なくとも1つの噴出口をもつ粒子か
らなる、沈降しにくく、水溶性の物質の溶出し難い魚介
類蛋白質を主成分とする粒子状飼料を製造することがで
きる 本発明はエクストルーダーを用いて粒子状飼料の製造を
おこなうことにより、省力化、時間短縮、製造コスト削
減が可能になる。すなわち任意の配合原料、油脂、水な
どをエクストルーダーに供給しさえすれば、短時間で大
量の粒子状飼料の製造が可能になる。[Means for Solving the Problems] The particulate feed for seeds and seedlings has a particle size from a particulate form using a plurality of nutritional components as a mixture and has an arbitrary particle size according to the fish species, the growth stage, etc. The floating time when added should be long to a certain extent, and the elution of water-soluble nutrients should be small. In order to obtain particles satisfying these conditions, especially in the case of fine particles, the particle surface must be smooth and dense. When the particle size is adjusted by crushing after extrusion molding or freeze-drying, neither smooth particles nor dense particles can be obtained. In the present invention, the product is completed by supplying the raw material to the extruder, kneading, pressurizing, heating, granulating and semi-drying, and then secondary drying. The starch contained in the wheat flour, which is an auxiliary material that is mixed with seafood proteins in the extruder, is melted, and the starch and the protein are mixed together. The main component is a seafood protein that has a smooth particle surface and is composed of particles with at least one spout formed by explosive evaporation of water inside, which is hard to settle and is difficult to elute water-soluble substances. Able to produce particulate feed In the present invention, it is possible to save labor, reduce time, and reduce production cost by producing particulate feed using an extruder. That is, a large amount of particulate feed can be produced in a short time as long as an arbitrary blended raw material, oil and fat, water and the like are supplied to the extruder.
【0007】本発明では主原料としての魚介類蛋白質
は、飼料原料に使用できるいかなる魚介類からのもので
もよく、かかる魚介類が生の状態或いは加工して小さく
砕いた乾燥状で使用でき、副原料としてはたとえば薄力
粉、強力粉、グルテン、澱粉、小麦末粉、魚油、大豆レ
シチンなど任意に添加することができる。これらの副原
料各成分の選択、組合せ、配合比等は任意であるが、原
料組成物の水分含有量が、製品の粒度に関係するので原
料組成物の水分含有量の調整が必要である。また、これ
ら副原料各成分は水分調整、補強或いはつなぎの役をな
して、製品の粒子に適当な粒径、密度、表面状態、固
さ、色調、風味を与え、副成分の種類、配合比、組合せ
によって種々バラエティーに富む粒子を与えることがで
き好適である。尚このような副成分を用いると否とに係
わらず、これとは別に粉末状または液状のビタミン、ミ
ネラル、フレーバー、膨張剤、増粘剤、着色剤等の添加
物を適宜用いることができる。これら添加物と原料組成
物との混合は予め行ってもよく、装置内で行うこともで
きる。In the present invention, the seafood protein as the main raw material may be from any seafood that can be used as a feed raw material, and such seafood can be used in a raw state or processed and dried in a small crushed state. As the raw material, for example, soft flour, strong flour, gluten, starch, flour powder, fish oil, soybean lecithin and the like can be optionally added. The selection, combination, blending ratio, etc. of each of these auxiliary raw material components are arbitrary, but since the water content of the raw material composition is related to the particle size of the product, it is necessary to adjust the water content of the raw material composition. In addition, each of these auxiliary materials serves as a water content adjusting agent, a reinforcing agent, or a binder, and imparts an appropriate particle size, density, surface condition, hardness, color tone, and flavor to the product particles, and the type and mixing ratio of the auxiliary ingredients. It is preferable that the combination can give particles rich in variety. Whether or not such subcomponents are used, powdery or liquid additives such as vitamins, minerals, flavors, swelling agents, thickeners, coloring agents and the like can be appropriately used separately. The mixing of these additives and the raw material composition may be performed in advance, or may be performed in an apparatus.
【0008】本発明では原料はこれら魚介類蛋白質又は
魚介類蛋白質と副原料およびまたは各種添加物との混合
物からなり、水分含有量が調整された原料組成物をエク
ストルーダー内において高温、高圧下に溶融したのち、
ダイ部から大気圧に或いはそれより低い圧力に保持され
ている帯域に吐出させて魚蛋白質を主成分とするほぼ球
状の粒子を得る。エクストルーダーにより原料を移送す
ることにより温度および圧力をしだいに増加させダイ部
の手前で原料の温度は最高になる。ここで原料は溶融状
態になっており、原料に含まれる水分も液状に保たれか
つ溶融状態の原料中に均一に分散されている。こういう
状態にあるから、ダイ部から大気圧にあるいはそれより
低い圧力に保持されている帯域に爆発的に導入すること
が可能となる。この吐出の際、水の温度がその沸点より
はるかに高く、圧力によって依然として液態をとる水は
吐出口すなわちダイス孔から大気圧あるいはそれより低
い圧力の下にでると直ちに気化して蒸気となり、原料か
ら逸出する。このように水を瞬時的に蒸気に変換する
と、水および原料が水を気化するための顕熱を放出する
結果として原料を瞬時に冷却する。加うるに、原料から
水が蒸気として逸出するし、原料の内部の水が集合して
蒸発した跡の噴出口を残し、そのため水を引続き蒸発せ
しめさらに原料粒子の湿気含有量を少なくする。In the present invention, the raw material is composed of these seafood proteins or a mixture of the seafood proteins and auxiliary raw materials and / or various additives, and the raw material composition having a controlled water content is heated in an extruder under high temperature and high pressure. After melting,
The particles are ejected from the die into a zone maintained at atmospheric pressure or lower pressure to obtain almost spherical particles containing fish protein as a main component. By transferring the raw material by an extruder, the temperature and pressure are gradually increased, and the temperature of the raw material becomes the highest before the die part. Here, the raw material is in a molten state, water contained in the raw material is also kept in a liquid state, and is uniformly dispersed in the molten raw material. Because of such a state, it is possible to explosively introduce from the die portion into the zone maintained at atmospheric pressure or lower pressure. During this discharge, the temperature of the water is much higher than its boiling point, and the water that is still in a liquid state due to the pressure is immediately vaporized to vapor when it comes out from the discharge port, that is, the die hole, under atmospheric pressure or lower pressure. Escape from. Instantly converting water to steam in this manner instantaneously cools the raw materials as a result of the water and the raw materials releasing sensible heat for vaporizing the water. In addition, water escapes from the raw material as steam, leaving behind a jet outlet where the water inside the raw material collects and evaporates, so that the water continues to evaporate and the moisture content of the raw material particles is reduced.
【0009】本発明においては、一軸および二軸スクリ
ューのエクストルーダーが使用できる。エクストルーダ
ーの構成は、フィーダー、バレル、スクリュー、ダイ、
ヒーター(又は冷却部)の五つからなりその特徴を決定
するのはスクリューの軸数と形状、相互の位置関係(複
数の場合)である。スクリューが一つのものが一軸型で
スクリューが二つのものが二軸型であり、物質の移転が
一軸型ではバレルと物質の間の摩擦によるだけである
が、二軸型では互いにかみ合って回転するスクリューの
押出し作用、滑り作用も加わる。このため製造能力も一
軸型では原料の水分、油分、圧力等により左右される
が、二軸型ではある範囲内では自由であり、水分等によ
り左右されず、安定な運転を可能にしている。従って水
産物原料の如き高油分の原料でも二軸型ならば良好に用
いることができるので、本発明では二軸型のエクストル
ーダーを用いるのが好ましい。しかし一軸型のエクスト
ルーダーを用いても原料水分が適切であれば良好に処理
することができる。本発明に適する二軸スクリューエク
ストルーダーは市販のものであり、当業者には公知の装
置である。原料を導入する供給部、スクリューの機械力
によりエクストルーダーのバレルに沿って原料を推進さ
せることにより原料の温度および圧力をほとんどダイ部
手前の温度および圧力まで増大させる。高圧縮部および
可変ダイのような固定又は可変オリフィスのいずれかで
ある圧力がかかる制流部を含んでいる。次いで圧縮され
た材料を大気圧あるいはそれより低い圧力に維持されて
いる帯域内に急激に膨張させ、そこで微粒子を回収し、
或いは分級し、さらに水分調整のため二次乾燥装置に搬
送する。得られる粒子は水分含有量が低いため吐出口か
ら一定の位置に立てたふるい板に当てるように吐出させ
ると、ふるい板を通過するものと、しないものという簡
単な操作で分級することも可能である。In the present invention, single-screw and twin-screw extruders can be used. Extruder consists of feeder, barrel, screw, die,
It consists of five heaters (or cooling parts) and their characteristics are determined by the number and shape of the screws and their mutual positional relationship (in the case of multiple screws). One screw is uniaxial type and two screws are biaxial type.Mass transfer is only due to friction between barrel and substance in uniaxial type, but in biaxial type they rotate by meshing with each other. The pushing action and sliding action of the screw are also added. For this reason, the production capacity of the uniaxial type is also affected by the water content, oil content, pressure, etc. of the raw material, but the biaxial type is free within a certain range and is not affected by the water content, etc., and enables stable operation. Therefore, it is preferable to use a twin-screw type extruder in the present invention, since a twin-screw type can be favorably used even for a raw material with a high oil content such as a marine product raw material. However, even if a uniaxial type extruder is used, it can be satisfactorily processed if the raw material water content is appropriate. Twin screw extruders suitable for the present invention are commercially available and are well known to those skilled in the art. The temperature and pressure of the raw material are increased to almost the temperature and pressure before the die part by propelling the raw material along the barrel of the extruder by the mechanical force of the feed part for introducing the raw material and the screw. It includes a pressure restrictor that is either a fixed or variable orifice such as a high compression section and a variable die. The compressed material is then rapidly expanded into a zone maintained at atmospheric pressure or lower, where particulates are collected,
Alternatively, the particles are classified and further conveyed to a secondary drying device for adjusting the water content. Since the obtained particles have a low water content, it can be classified by a simple operation of passing through the sieve plate and not passing it by ejecting it so that it hits the sieve plate standing at a certain position from the discharge port. is there.
【0010】このように本発明の方法は、水を含む原料
を細長い胴内を前進させ、かく前進する原料に漸増する
圧力を加えるとともに、原料の温度を漸増させ、原料を
胴内の最高圧力領域から低温低圧領域に急に吐出させて
原料中の水分を瞬時的に気化させて原料を冷却すること
を特徴とする。すなわち、原料をフィーダーによりエク
ストルーダーのフィードバレル内に供給し、バレル内の
スクリューにより順次前方に移送する。その際、機械的
圧力を増大してこれを原料に加えてこの圧力値を原料中
の水分の蒸気圧よりも常に大きくし、水が液態に保つよ
うにする。その結果原料の温度が水の沸点よりも高くな
ると、装置内で増大した充分な圧縮作用を原料に加え
る。スクリューを比較的高速度で回転し、原料およびそ
のうちに含まれる水に熱を与えるようにする。スクリュ
ーの回転数が比較的大きいと原料を迅速に加熱し得るの
みならず、装置内を通過する間に原料を十分に撹拌する
ことができる。As described above, in the method of the present invention, the raw material containing water is advanced in the elongated cylinder, and gradually increasing pressure is applied to the advancing raw material, and the temperature of the raw material is gradually increased so that the raw material has the highest pressure in the cylinder. It is characterized in that the raw material is cooled by suddenly discharging it from the region to the low temperature and low pressure region to instantaneously vaporize the water in the raw material. That is, the raw material is supplied into the feed barrel of the extruder by the feeder, and sequentially transferred forward by the screw in the barrel. At that time, the mechanical pressure is increased and applied to the raw material so that this pressure value is always larger than the vapor pressure of the water in the raw material so that the water is kept in a liquid state. As a result, when the temperature of the raw material becomes higher than the boiling point of water, the sufficient compression action increased in the apparatus is added to the raw material. The screw is rotated at a relatively high speed to heat the raw material and the water contained therein. When the rotation speed of the screw is relatively large, not only the raw material can be heated quickly, but also the raw material can be sufficiently stirred while passing through the inside of the apparatus.
【0011】また、装置内を原料が通過する間常に原料
中の水分を液態に保てば蒸発させた場合と比べると装置
内における総合熱伝導係数を大きくすることができる。
さらに、温度上昇工程中に原料の水分を液態に保てば、
胴壁またはスクリュー表面または軸表面で原料を過熱す
る初期現象を充分に防止することができる。このように
原料の水分を液態に保てば、いろいろの面で効率が上が
り、その結果、ダイス部の直前の最高温度にある原料の
滞留時間がほとんど測定し得ないきわめて短時間とな
り、焦げの問題が生じない。普通のエクストルーダーク
ッキングのように、装置内を進行する際原料から絶えず
湿気を蒸発させると、原料が絶えず加熱されることにな
り、原料が高温度にある時間が長くなり、焦げの問題な
どが発生する。Further, the total heat transfer coefficient in the apparatus can be increased as compared with the case where water is evaporated in the material while the material is always passing through the apparatus, so as to be evaporated.
Furthermore, if the water content of the raw material is kept in the liquid state during the temperature rising process,
It is possible to sufficiently prevent the initial phenomenon in which the raw material is overheated on the barrel wall, the screw surface, or the shaft surface. By keeping the water content of the raw material in a liquid state in this way, the efficiency is improved in various aspects, and as a result, the residence time of the raw material at the maximum temperature immediately before the die part becomes an extremely short time that can hardly be measured, and the charring There is no problem. Like ordinary extruder docking, if moisture is constantly evaporated from the raw material as it progresses through the equipment, the raw material will be constantly heated, and the raw material will stay at a high temperature for a long time, causing problems such as burning. Occur.
【0012】本発明においては、放出ダイの手前の最高
温度はバレルのヒーターの設定温度が300℃以下、好
ましくは230℃〜270℃の範囲であるが、滞留時間
が短いため原料中の魚蛋白質の熱凝固がうまくゆき、焦
げつかず、魚介類蛋白質の風味を残したまま香ばしい摂
餌誘引効果のある粒子状飼料が得られる。In the present invention, the maximum temperature in front of the discharge die is 300 ° C. or lower, preferably in the range of 230 ° C. to 270 ° C., which is set in the barrel heater. However, since the residence time is short, the fish protein in the raw material is short. The heat-coagulation of sucrose is successful, non-sticking, and a savory particulate feed with a food-attracting effect while retaining the flavor of seafood proteins is obtained.
【0013】[0013]
【実施例】次に本発明を実施例により説明する。 実施例1 第1表に示した配合原料100重量部に対し、魚油8重
量部、レシチン4.5重量部および水38.5重量部を
市販の2軸エクストルーダーに供給しスクリュー回転1
50rpm、バレルのヒーターの設定温度を150℃、
200℃と順次上昇させ、先端バレルのヒーターの設定
温度250℃で処理した。先端時の圧力は1kg/cm
2であった。常圧下へダイ部から吐出させた。エクスト
ルーダーからの、吐出直後の粒子の温度は150℃であ
った。落下した粒子をスカイタンクに集めて、乾燥後粒
度分布を調べた。その結果は第2表に示すように、粒子
径1400μ以上が約50%を占めるほぼ球状を示す粒
子が得られた。 EXAMPLES The present invention will now be described with reference to examples. Example 1 8 parts by weight of fish oil, 4.5 parts by weight of lecithin and 38.5 parts by weight of water were supplied to a commercially available twin-screw extruder with respect to 100 parts by weight of the blended raw materials shown in Table 1, and screw rotation 1
50 rpm, barrel heater set temperature 150 ℃,
The temperature was gradually increased to 200 ° C. and the treatment was performed at a preset temperature of the heater of the tip barrel of 250 ° C. Pressure at the tip is 1 kg / cm
It was 2 . It was discharged from the die section under normal pressure. The temperature of the particles immediately after discharge from the extruder was 150 ° C. The particles that fell were collected in a sky tank, and the particle size distribution was examined after drying. As a result, as shown in Table 2, particles having a substantially spherical shape with a particle diameter of 1400 μm or more accounting for about 50% were obtained.
【0014】実施例2 実施例1で製造した粒子状飼料から1400μより大き
い粒子を除いた微粒子飼料について10mmサイズと1
5mmサイズのモジャコについて飼育実験を行った。生
物餌料単独区と市販品飼料区と実施例1で製造したエク
ストルーダー飼料の微粒子のもの(以下、「本発明飼
料」という。)区の比較を行った。この結果を第3表及
び第4表に示す。 生存率は生物区と比較して低い値となってはいるが、配
合飼料の試験区で40%というのは、市販品と比べても
明らかであるが、良い成績であると評価することができ
る。 上記のとおり、15mmサイズのモジャコの試験の結果
より、本発明飼料は、体重においては市販品飼料と同等
の成長を示し、また生存率は生物飼料区よりは若干劣る
だけであり、市販品飼料よりはかなり高い値を示した。Example 2 A fine particle feed obtained by removing particles larger than 1400 μ from the particulate feed produced in Example 1 was used with 10 mm size and 1
Breeding experiments were performed on 5 mm size mojaco. A comparison was made between the biological feed alone group, the commercially available feed group, and the fine particle (hereinafter, referred to as “the feed of the present invention”) group of the extruder feed produced in Example 1. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4. Although the survival rate is lower than that of the biological group, 40% in the test group of the compound feed is clear as compared with the commercial product, but it can be evaluated as a good result. it can. As described above, from the results of the 15 mm size mojaco test, the feed of the present invention showed the same growth in body weight as the commercial feed, and the survival rate was slightly inferior to that of the biological feed group. The value was considerably higher than that.
【0015】実施例3 実施例1で得られた粒子状飼料の評価のためにPOV、
ビタミンC及びビタミンEの分析をし、その結果を表5
に示す。その結果油脂の劣化はほとんどなく、またビタ
ミンの失活もわずかであり、エクストルーダーによる処
理が短時間で行われるため有効成分の損失が少ないこと
が裏付けられた。 Example 3 To evaluate the particulate feed obtained in Example 1, POV,
Vitamin C and vitamin E were analyzed and the results are shown in Table 5.
Shown in. As a result, there was almost no deterioration of fats and oils, and the inactivation of vitamins was also slight. This proves that the loss of the active ingredient is small because the treatment with the extruder is carried out in a short time.
【0016】実施例4 図1に示すように、実施例1で得られた粒子状飼料の表
面構造を電子顕微鏡により、1500倍にて観察した。
図2に示すように、比較のため凍結乾燥法により製造し
た微粒子飼料についても同様に観察した。その結果エク
ストルーダー製造微粒子飼料は、凍結乾燥法製造微粒子
飼料と比較して表面が滑らかである。両飼料粒子ともに
水分が蒸発した跡が存在するが、凍結乾燥法製造微粒子
飼料に比べて、本発明飼料の粒子は粒子表面が滑らかで
密であるのが観察される。Example 4 As shown in FIG. 1, the surface structure of the particulate feed obtained in Example 1 was observed with an electron microscope at a magnification of 1,500.
As shown in FIG. 2, the fine particle feed produced by the freeze-drying method was also observed for comparison. As a result, the extruder-produced particulate feed has a smoother surface than the freeze-dried particulate feed. Although both feed particles have traces of water evaporation, it is observed that the particles of the feed of the present invention have a smooth and dense particle surface as compared with the freeze-dried fine particle feed.
【0017】[0017]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、エクストルーダーを用
いて魚の種苗生産に使用できる微粒子状飼料の製造が可
能である。その飼料の粒子は従来の製法飼料のものより
表面が滑らかに粘結剤(でんぷん)と蛋白質の融和物で
覆われており、モジャコによる給餌試験においても従来
の生物餌料主体の飼育に近い成長、生残を示した。従っ
て、本発明の粒子状飼料は、モジャコはもとより他の多
くの仔稚魚用飼料として有効に使用できる。INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, it is possible to produce a particulate feed which can be used for fish seedling production by using an extruder. The particles of the feed are covered with a binder (starch) and a mixture of proteins in a smoother surface than those of the conventional production feed, and even in the feeding test with Mojaco, the growth is similar to that of the conventional feeding based on biological feed, It showed survival. Therefore, the particulate feed of the present invention can be effectively used not only as mojaco but also as feed for many other larvae.
【図1】エクストルーダー法で製造した微粒子状飼料の
粒子の走査電顕による写真(15000倍)を示す。FIG. 1 shows a scanning electron micrograph (15,000 times) of particles of a particulate feed produced by an extruder method.
【図2】凍結乾燥法で製造した微粒子状飼料の粒子の走
査電顕による写真(15000倍)を示す。FIG. 2 shows a scanning electron micrograph (15,000 times) of particles of fine-grained feed produced by the freeze-drying method.
Claims (3)
粒子表面が平滑であり、かつ、内部の水分の爆発的蒸発
によってできた少なくとも1つの噴出口をもつ粒子から
なることを特徴とする魚介類蛋白質を主成分とする粒子
状飼料。1. A seafood comprising a particle having a smoother particle surface than a particle produced by a freeze-drying method and having at least one spout formed by explosive evaporation of water inside. Particulate feed containing protein as a main component.
である請求項1の粒子状飼料。2. The particulate feed according to claim 1, wherein the particle size is smaller than 1400 μm.
水の存在下エクストルーダー内において高温高圧下に溶
融して共存する水が液態でかつ均一に分散された溶融物
を形成し、ただちにその溶融物をダイ部から大気圧に或
いはそれより低い圧力に保持されている帯域に吐出して
共存する水を爆発的に蒸発させるとともに溶融した飼料
原料を凝固させることを特徴とする魚介類蛋白質を主成
分とする粒子状飼料の製造方法。3. A feed material mainly comprising seafood proteins is melted under high temperature and high pressure in an extruder in the presence of water to form a melt in which coexisting water is uniformly dispersed in a liquid state, and immediately. A seafood protein characterized by discharging the melt from a die into a zone maintained at atmospheric pressure or at a pressure lower than that to explode coexisting water explosively and coagulate the melted feed raw material. A method for producing a particulate feed containing as a main component.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP35659992A JP3301495B2 (en) | 1992-12-03 | 1992-12-03 | Particulate feed containing fish and shellfish protein as main component and method for producing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP35659992A JP3301495B2 (en) | 1992-12-03 | 1992-12-03 | Particulate feed containing fish and shellfish protein as main component and method for producing the same |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH06169703A true JPH06169703A (en) | 1994-06-21 |
JP3301495B2 JP3301495B2 (en) | 2002-07-15 |
Family
ID=18449833
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP35659992A Expired - Fee Related JP3301495B2 (en) | 1992-12-03 | 1992-12-03 | Particulate feed containing fish and shellfish protein as main component and method for producing the same |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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JP (1) | JP3301495B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007077954A1 (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2007-07-12 | Ajinomoto Co., Inc. | Method for production of sterile solid protein for food application |
-
1992
- 1992-12-03 JP JP35659992A patent/JP3301495B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007077954A1 (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2007-07-12 | Ajinomoto Co., Inc. | Method for production of sterile solid protein for food application |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP3301495B2 (en) | 2002-07-15 |
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