JPH0613634A - Solar cell, its manufacture and its connection method - Google Patents
Solar cell, its manufacture and its connection methodInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0613634A JPH0613634A JP4167658A JP16765892A JPH0613634A JP H0613634 A JPH0613634 A JP H0613634A JP 4167658 A JP4167658 A JP 4167658A JP 16765892 A JP16765892 A JP 16765892A JP H0613634 A JPH0613634 A JP H0613634A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- solar cell
- solar cells
- back surface
- light
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、光エネルギーを電気エ
ネルギーに変換する太陽電池において、受光面電極と裏
面電極の他に端面電極が形成されている太陽電池、その
製造方法およびモジュール内の素子間の接続を裏面側で
行なう太陽電池の接続方法に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a solar cell for converting light energy into electric energy, in which an end face electrode is formed in addition to a light-receiving surface electrode and a back surface electrode, a method of manufacturing the same and an element in a module. The present invention relates to a method for connecting solar cells in which the connection between them is made on the back surface side.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】図８は市販されている従来の電力用シリ
コン太陽電池の一例の斜視図である。シリコン基板１の
受光面側には図示されていないがＰＮ接合が形成され、
さらにその表面には主電極１１とサブ電極１２からなる
受光面電極１０が形成されている。2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an example of a conventional silicon solar cell for electric power which is commercially available. Although not shown, a PN junction is formed on the light-receiving surface side of the silicon substrate 1,
Further, a light-receiving surface electrode 10 including a main electrode 11 and a sub electrode 12 is formed on the surface thereof.
【０００３】図９は図１の太陽電池の裏面を示す平面図
である。シリコン基板１の裏面にはＡｌペースト電極６
と、その上にモジュールを作製する際に素子間を接続す
るための配線用電極７が形成され、これらによって裏面
電極５が構成されている。FIG. 9 is a plan view showing the back surface of the solar cell of FIG. An Al paste electrode 6 is formed on the back surface of the silicon substrate 1.
And the wiring electrode 7 for connecting the elements when the module is manufactured is formed thereon, and the back surface electrode 5 is constituted by these.
【０００４】受光面電極１０の主電極１１と裏面電極５
の配線用電極７は、銀ペーストの印刷法で形成され、そ
の上にはんだが被覆されている。The main electrode 11 and the back electrode 5 of the light-receiving surface electrode 10
The wiring electrode 7 is formed by a silver paste printing method, and solder is coated thereon.
【０００５】このような太陽電池を用いて、モジュール
を構成する際には、図１０に示すように、太陽電池ＳＣ
の受光面電極１０の主電極１１と裏面電極５の配線用電
極７に、インタコネクタ２０をはんだ付けすることによ
って直列接続されている。When a module is constructed using such a solar cell, as shown in FIG.
The main electrode 11 of the light-receiving surface electrode 10 and the wiring electrode 7 of the back surface electrode 5 are connected in series by soldering the interconnector 20.
【０００６】ところで、市販のモジュール内の太陽電池
の枚数は、必要とする出力によって異なるが、たとえ
ば、１００ｍｍ角の単結晶シリコン太陽電池を３６枚直
列接続されたモジュールの場合を考える。この場合、受
光面電極１０の主電極１１にはんだ付けされたインタコ
ネクタ２０は、隣の素子の裏面側の配線用電極７にはん
だ付けで接続される。By the way, the number of solar cells in a commercially available module varies depending on the required output. For example, consider the case of a module in which 36 100 mm square single crystal silicon solar cells are connected in series. In this case, the interconnector 20 soldered to the main electrode 11 of the light-receiving surface electrode 10 is connected to the wiring electrode 7 on the back surface side of the adjacent element by soldering.
【０００７】[0007]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】前述のインタコネクタ
のはんだ付け工程は、素子の表面を隣の素子の裏面に接
続するため繁雑であるから、手作業で行なわれているの
が現状である。その上、この接続方法では接続箇所が多
く（図８および図９に示される太陽電池を３６個直列接
続する場合は１４４箇所）、時間を要するので人件費が
高く問題である。また、従来の接続方法では、裏面にイ
ンタコネクタ２０を回すために素子間に３〜４ｍｍの間
隔を設ける必要があり、モジュールのパッキングファク
タ（モジュール面積に対する全素子面積）を高められな
い一因となっており、ガラス、樹脂およびアルミニウム
枠などのモジュール材料の削減を妨げている。これら
は、従来の太陽電池のモジュール作製工程のコスト高の
一因となっている。The above-mentioned soldering process of the interconnector is complicated because the front surface of an element is connected to the back surface of an adjacent element, and therefore, it is the current situation that it is performed manually. In addition, this connection method has many connection points (144 points when 36 solar cells shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 are connected in series) and requires a lot of time, which causes a high labor cost and is a problem. Further, in the conventional connection method, it is necessary to provide an interval of 3 to 4 mm between the elements in order to turn the interconnector 20 on the back surface, which is one of the reasons that the packing factor of the module (total element area relative to the module area) cannot be increased. This is a hindrance to the reduction of module materials such as glass, resin and aluminum frame. These contribute to the high cost of the conventional solar cell module manufacturing process.
【０００８】本発明の目的は、素子間の接続を裏面側で
直列接続できる太陽電池を提供すること、その製造方法
およびこの太陽電池を用いて複数の太陽電池を裏面側で
一括して直列接続し、パッキングファクタの高いモジュ
ールを作製する接続方法を提供することにある。An object of the present invention is to provide a solar cell in which elements can be connected in series on the back surface side, a method for manufacturing the same, and a plurality of solar cells are collectively connected in series on the back surface side using this solar cell. It is another object of the present invention to provide a connection method for producing a module having a high packing factor.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の太陽電池におい
ては、受光面電極を延長して基板の側面から裏面の一部
に至る端面電極を設けた。この端面電極は銀ペーストの
中に太陽電池基板の１端を浸漬して製造する。素子間の
接続は導体を位置決めした治具に、隣接する太陽電池の
一方の裏面電極と他方の太陽電池の端面電極の裏面とが
導体で連結されるように載置し、熱処理によって一括し
て裏面側で直列接続する。In the solar cell of the present invention, the light-receiving surface electrode is extended to provide an end surface electrode extending from the side surface of the substrate to a part of the back surface. This end face electrode is manufactured by immersing one end of the solar cell substrate in silver paste. To connect the elements, place them on a jig that positions the conductors so that one back electrode of the adjacent solar cell and the back surface of the end electrode of the other solar cell are connected by a conductor, and then heat treatment collectively. Connect in series on the back side.
【００１０】[0010]
【作用】本発明の太陽電池およびその接続方法を用いる
ことにより、多数の太陽電池の直列接続が一括して行な
えるため、モジュールプロセスのコストを低減すること
ができる。By using the solar cell and the connecting method thereof according to the present invention, the series connection of a large number of solar cells can be carried out at once, so that the cost of the module process can be reduced.
【００１１】[0011]
【実施例】図１は、本発明による太陽電池の一例の斜視
図である。太陽電池ＳＣには、受光面にＰＮ接合を有す
るシリコン基板１の表面の受光面側の半導体層に接続さ
れる主電極１１およびサブ電極１２よりなる受光面電極
１０、受光面電極１０に接続されシリコン基板１の端面
から裏面の一部を覆う端面電極９およびＰＮ接合の裏面
の半導体層に接続される裏面電極５が設けられている。
この裏面電極５は図９と同様にＡｌペースト電極６と配
線用電極７によって構成されている。1 is a perspective view of an example of a solar cell according to the present invention. The solar cell SC is connected to the light-receiving surface electrode 10 including the main electrode 11 and the sub-electrode 12 and the light-receiving surface electrode 10 connected to the semiconductor layer on the light-receiving surface side of the surface of the silicon substrate 1 having the PN junction on the light-receiving surface. An end surface electrode 9 covering a part of the back surface from the end surface of the silicon substrate 1 and a back surface electrode 5 connected to the semiconductor layer on the back surface of the PN junction are provided.
This back surface electrode 5 is composed of an Al paste electrode 6 and a wiring electrode 7 as in FIG.
【００１２】図２（ａ）〜（ｅ）は、図１の太陽電池を
得るための各工程の略断面図であって、図１のＬ−Ｌ´
断面に関するものである。図２（ａ）に示すように、大
きさ１００ｍｍ角、Ｐ型で１Ω・ｃｍの比抵抗値を有す
る単結晶のシリコン基板１を準備する。この基板を不純
物源としてのＰＯＣｌ3 の雰囲気内で８５０℃、２０分
間の拡散を行なう。2 (a) to 2 (e) are schematic cross-sectional views of respective steps for obtaining the solar cell of FIG.
It relates to the cross section. As shown in FIG. 2A, a single crystal silicon substrate 1 having a size of 100 mm square and a P-type having a specific resistance value of 1 Ω · cm is prepared. This substrate is diffused for 20 minutes at 850 ° C. in an atmosphere of POCl 3 as an impurity source.
【００１３】図２（ｂ）は、拡散を行なった後の状態を
示し、シリコン基板１の全面にＮ+拡散層２が形成され
ている。続いて、常圧ＣＶＤ法により反射防止膜となる
ＴｉＯ2 膜３を表面と側面に堆積した。FIG. 2B shows a state after the diffusion, in which the N + diffusion layer 2 is formed on the entire surface of the silicon substrate 1. Then, a TiO 2 film 3 serving as an antireflection film was deposited on the front surface and the side surface by the atmospheric pressure CVD method.
【００１４】次に、図２（ｃ）のように、研摩により裏
面の大部分および一方の側面のＮ+拡散層２を除去す
る。この研摩は、図３に示すように、シリコン基板１を
真空吸着板３０に固定して、スプレー水３１を供給しな
がら、往復運動しているダイヤモンド粒を焼結させた研
摩板３２に押付けながら研摩して、裏面および一方の側
面のＮ+ 拡散層２を除去する。Next, as shown in FIG. 2C, most of the back surface and the N + diffusion layer 2 on one side surface are removed by polishing. In this polishing, as shown in FIG. 3, the silicon substrate 1 is fixed to the vacuum adsorption plate 30, the spray water 31 is supplied, and the reciprocating diamond grains are pressed against the sintered polishing plate 32. Polishing is performed to remove the N + diffusion layer 2 on the back surface and one side surface.
【００１５】次に図２（ｄ）に示すように、基板を洗
浄，乾燥後、Ａｌペーストを裏面に印刷焼成してＡｌペ
ースト電極６とＢＳＦ層４を形成後、銀ペーストを用い
て配線用電極７を印刷焼成法で形成した。Next, as shown in FIG. 2D, after cleaning and drying the substrate, an Al paste is printed and baked on the back surface to form an Al paste electrode 6 and a BSF layer 4, and then a silver paste is used for wiring. The electrode 7 was formed by the printing and firing method.
【００１６】次に、図２（ｅ）に示すように、銀ペース
トを用いて主電極１１を含む受光面電極１０を印刷し
て、２００℃で乾燥させた後、後述の図４に示す浸漬法
により端面電極９を形成して、窒素・酸素の雰囲気内で
６００℃の温度で焼成した。Next, as shown in FIG. 2 (e), the light-receiving surface electrode 10 including the main electrode 11 is printed using silver paste, dried at 200 ° C., and then immersed as shown in FIG. 4 described later. The end face electrode 9 was formed by the method and fired at a temperature of 600 ° C. in a nitrogen / oxygen atmosphere.
【００１７】図４は端面電極９の製造方法の一例を示
す。タンク４０の中には銀ペースト４１が収容されてお
り、固定用治具４２により、受光面電極が形成された太
陽電池ＳＣを把持し、図２（ｃ）に示される裏面にＮ+
拡散層２−１の残されているほうの端面を、銀ペースト
４１の中に主電極１１と重なるまで浸漬する。これをラ
ンプ６を照射して乾燥させながら引上げることにより、
端面電極９が形成される。FIG. 4 shows an example of a method of manufacturing the end face electrode 9. A silver paste 41 is contained in the tank 40, and the fixing jig 42 holds the solar cell SC having the light-receiving surface electrode formed thereon, and N + is formed on the back surface shown in FIG. 2C.
The remaining end surface of the diffusion layer 2-1 is immersed in the silver paste 41 until it overlaps with the main electrode 11. By irradiating this with the lamp 6 and pulling it up while drying,
The end face electrode 9 is formed.
【００１８】最後にディップ法により、受光面電極１
０、端面電極９および裏面の配線用電極７にはんだコー
トとして、本発明の太陽電池が完成する。Finally, the light-receiving surface electrode 1 is formed by the dip method.
0, the end surface electrode 9 and the wiring electrode 7 on the back surface are solder-coated to complete the solar cell of the present invention.
【００１９】次に、素子間の接続方法について述べる。
図５は、素子間接続のために使用される治具の平面図で
ある。破線で示される四角は太陽電池ＳＣを配列する予
定位置を示す。長いステンレス基板２１に加工された溝
２２は隣接する太陽電池の双方にわたるようにされてい
る。この溝２２の中に厚さ１５０μｍで表面がはんだコ
ートされた銅片２３を入れた。太陽電池ＳＣを固定する
ために、太陽電池ＳＣの四辺を位置決めするピン２４，
２４，…を設け、その直径を１ｍｍと細くした。このピ
ン２４の間隔で１２枚の太陽電池を１列に載置し、１９
０〜２００℃に温度制御された窒素雰囲気中の電気炉内
を１分間通した。この１回の熱処理によって、図６に示
すように、ある太陽電池の端面電極９と隣の太陽電池の
裏面の配線用電極７を銅片２３ではんだ付けすることが
できる。Next, a method of connecting the elements will be described.
FIG. 5 is a plan view of a jig used for connecting elements. A square shown by a broken line indicates a planned position where the solar cells SC are arranged. The groove 22 formed in the long stainless steel substrate 21 is formed so as to extend over both adjacent solar cells. A copper piece 23 having a thickness of 150 μm and a surface coated with solder was put in the groove 22. Pins 24 for positioning the four sides of the solar cell SC to fix the solar cell SC,
24, ... Are provided and the diameter thereof is reduced to 1 mm. Twelve solar cells are placed in a row at intervals of this pin 24, and
It was passed through an electric furnace in a nitrogen atmosphere whose temperature was controlled at 0 to 200 ° C. for 1 minute. By this one-time heat treatment, as shown in FIG. 6, the end surface electrode 9 of a certain solar cell and the wiring electrode 7 on the back surface of the adjacent solar cell can be soldered with the copper piece 23.
【００２０】図７は他の接続方法の例である。破線で示
された四角は図５と同様に太陽電池ＳＣの配列予定位置
を示す。ステンレス基板２１の上に、はんだペーストの
印刷焼成によって形成されたはんだ層２５のある耐熱性
ポリイミドシート２６を置いた。このはんだ層２５は隣
接する太陽電池の一方の端面電極９と他方の配線用電極
７を接続するように位置決めされている。このはんだ層
２５で直列接続される位置に太陽電池ＳＣを配置し、素
子固定のためのガラス板を載せた状態で、前述の実施例
と同じ条件で熱処理を行なうことにより、ある太陽電池
の端面電極９と隣の太陽電池の裏面の配線用電極７をは
んだ層２５で接続することができる。FIG. 7 is an example of another connection method. The squares indicated by broken lines indicate the planned arrangement positions of the solar cells SC, as in FIG. A heat-resistant polyimide sheet 26 having a solder layer 25 formed by printing and firing a solder paste was placed on the stainless steel substrate 21. This solder layer 25 is positioned so as to connect one end surface electrode 9 of the adjacent solar cell and the other wiring electrode 7. The solar cell SC is arranged at a position where it is connected in series by the solder layer 25, and a heat treatment is performed under the same conditions as those in the above-mentioned embodiment with the glass plate for fixing the element placed on the end surface of a solar cell. The electrode 9 and the wiring electrode 7 on the back surface of the adjacent solar cell can be connected by the solder layer 25.
【００２１】[0021]
【発明の効果】以上のように、本発明によれば、簡単な
工程で一度に多数の素子を直列接続できる。従来のよう
に１枚毎に接続する繁雑さが解消されるので、高速自動
化が容易となるため、特に人件費削減によるモジュール
工程の大幅なコスト低減が達成できる。同時に、モジュ
ールのパッキングファクタを高めることができるので、
ガラス，樹脂などのモジュール材料を削減することがで
きるので、この発明の経済的効果は極めて大きい。As described above, according to the present invention, a large number of devices can be connected in series at a time by a simple process. Since the complexity of connecting one by one as in the prior art is eliminated, high-speed automation is facilitated, and a significant cost reduction of the module process can be achieved especially by reducing labor costs. At the same time, the packing factor of the module can be increased, so
Since the module materials such as glass and resin can be reduced, the economical effect of the present invention is extremely large.
【図１】本発明による太陽電池の一例の斜視図である。FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an example of a solar cell according to the present invention.
【図２】（ａ）〜（ｅ）は、それぞれ図１のＬ−Ｌ´断
面に関する各製造工程の略断面図である。2 (a) to (e) are schematic cross-sectional views of respective manufacturing steps regarding the LL ′ cross section of FIG. 1.
【図３】裏面および側面の研摩方法の斜視図である。FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a back surface and side surface polishing method.
【図４】端面電極形成方法の側面図である。FIG. 4 is a side view of an end face electrode forming method.
【図５】素子間接続用治具の平面図である。FIG. 5 is a plan view of a jig for connecting elements.
【図６】図５の治具を用いて接続した太陽電池の裏面の
接続状態の平面図である。6 is a plan view of a connected state of the back surface of the solar cell connected using the jig of FIG.
【図７】素子間接続用の他の装置を示す平面図である。FIG. 7 is a plan view showing another device for connecting elements.
【図８】従来の太陽電池の斜視図である。FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a conventional solar cell.
【図９】従来の太陽電池の裏面図である。FIG. 9 is a back view of a conventional solar cell.
【図１０】従来の接続方法の側面図である。FIG. 10 is a side view of a conventional connection method.
１ シリコン基板 ２ Ｎ+ 拡散層 ３ ＴｉＯ2 膜 ４ ＢＳＦ層 ５ 裏面電極 ６ Ａｌペースト電極 ７ 配線用電極 ９ 端面電極 １０ 受光面電極 １１ 主電極 １２ サブ電極1 Silicon Substrate 2 N + Diffusion Layer 3 TiO 2 Film 4 BSF Layer 5 Back Electrode 6 Al Paste Electrode 7 Wiring Electrode 9 End Face Electrode 10 Light-Receiving Surface Electrode 11 Main Electrode 12 Sub-electrode
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 利根川 正 大阪府大阪市阿倍野区長池町22番22号 シ ャープ株式会社内 (72)発明者 西田 誠 大阪府大阪市阿倍野区長池町22番22号 シ ャープ株式会社内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Tadashi Tonegawa 22-22 Nagaike-cho, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka Within Sharp Co., Ltd. Within the corporation
Claims (3)
面側の第１の導電型の半導体層と接続される受光面電極
と、基板の端面を経て裏面の一部に至る端面電極によっ
て構成される第１の電極と、 ＰＮ接合を形成する第２の導電型の半導体層と基板の裏
面で接続される第２の電極と、 を有する太陽電池。1. A light-receiving surface electrode connected to a first conductive type semiconductor layer on the light-receiving surface side of a PN junction formed on the front surface of a substrate, and an end surface electrode reaching a part of the back surface through the end surface of the substrate. A solar cell comprising: a first electrode that is configured; and a second electrode that is connected to the second conductive type semiconductor layer that forms a PN junction on the back surface of the substrate.
端を浸漬して受光面電極に接続された端面電極を形成す
る太陽電池の製造方法。2. A solar cell substrate in a silver paste material.
A method for manufacturing a solar cell in which an end is immersed to form an end face electrode connected to a light-receiving surface electrode.
に、隣接する太陽電池の一方の裏面電極と他方の太陽電
池の端面電極の裏面とを導体で連結するように載置し、
熱処理によって複数の太陽電池を一括して裏面側で直列
接続することを特徴とする太陽電池の接続方法。3. A jig on which a conductor for connecting elements is positioned so that one back electrode of an adjacent solar cell and the back surface of an end face electrode of the other solar cell are connected by a conductor,
A method for connecting solar cells, wherein a plurality of solar cells are collectively connected in series by heat treatment on the back surface side.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4167658A JP2915702B2 (en) | 1992-06-25 | 1992-06-25 | Solar cell and method of manufacturing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4167658A JP2915702B2 (en) | 1992-06-25 | 1992-06-25 | Solar cell and method of manufacturing the same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0613634A true JPH0613634A (en) | 1994-01-21 |
| JP2915702B2 JP2915702B2 (en) | 1999-07-05 |
Family
ID=15853841
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4167658A Expired - Fee Related JP2915702B2 (en) | 1992-06-25 | 1992-06-25 | Solar cell and method of manufacturing the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2915702B2 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002299676A (en) * | 2001-04-03 | 2002-10-11 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Solar cell module manufacturing method and jig for manufacturing solar cell module |
| JP2005347703A (en) * | 2004-06-07 | 2005-12-15 | Npc:Kk | Tab lead fitting equipment for solar battery cell |
| CN107318269A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2017-11-03 | 株式会社钟化 | Solar cell and its manufacture method, solar module and wiring plate |
| US10849404B2 (en) | 2016-08-26 | 2020-12-01 | A.W. Faber-Castell Cosmetics Gmbh | Pencil comprising an integrally injection-moulded layered casing |
-
1992
- 1992-06-25 JP JP4167658A patent/JP2915702B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002299676A (en) * | 2001-04-03 | 2002-10-11 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Solar cell module manufacturing method and jig for manufacturing solar cell module |
| JP2005347703A (en) * | 2004-06-07 | 2005-12-15 | Npc:Kk | Tab lead fitting equipment for solar battery cell |
| CN107318269A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2017-11-03 | 株式会社钟化 | Solar cell and its manufacture method, solar module and wiring plate |
| US10008622B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2018-06-26 | Kaneka Corporation | Solar cell, method for manufacturing same, solar cell module and wiring sheet |
| US10205040B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2019-02-12 | Kaneka Corporation | Solar cell, method for manufacturing same, solar cell module and wiring sheet |
| CN107318269B (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2020-02-14 | 株式会社钟化 | Solar cell, method for manufacturing same, solar cell module, and wiring board |
| US10849404B2 (en) | 2016-08-26 | 2020-12-01 | A.W. Faber-Castell Cosmetics Gmbh | Pencil comprising an integrally injection-moulded layered casing |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2915702B2 (en) | 1999-07-05 |
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