JPH0587313A - Incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To burn combustible refuse perfectly by a method wherein a smoke discharging port is provided at the upper part of a combustion chamber and combustion air is introduced from the upper part of the combustion chamber through the vicinity of the smoke discharging port. CONSTITUTION:The first row of air ports, having diameters about 13mm, is bored at the lower part of the peripheral wall 5 of a combustion chamber 4 with the space of about 10cm from the center of an incinerator to the lent and right sides of the center while air holes 6, having the same diameter, are bored above the first row of air ports by about 20cm with the space of about 10cm at the intermediate parts of the air holes 6 of the first row respectively and this manner is repeated in boring air holes on the upper part of the peripheral wall 5 sequentially. The concentration of oxygen of 8-18%, optimum for combustion, can be maintained in the combustion chamber 4 by conducting air necessary for combustion naturally through the upper part of the combustion chamber 4 and the air holes bored on the peripheral wall 5. According to this method, combustible refuse, such as gabbage and the like which are thrown into the combustion chamber 4, can be burnt perfectly.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an incinerator, and in particular, it is possible to completely burn combustible substances such as various kinds of dust and wastes by newly developing a structure relating to intake of air required for combustion. It is the one.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Waste disposal is a very important problem that has a close connection with society and the natural environment. In recent years, the amount of various kinds of garbage discharged from offices and factories due to OA has become enormous, far exceeding the public processing capacity. Also,
Not to mention households, the amount of garbage discharged from various groups such as schools is also increasing. Furthermore, there are various types of these garbage.

By the way, garbage can be classified into combustibles and non-combustibles. Usually, non-combustibles are reused for the purpose of effective use of resources, or volume reduction treatment by landfilling is performed. On the other hand, flammable materials can be classified into those that are easy to burn and those that are not, but usually these are combined and the simplest incineration process is performed. Therefore, it is desirable to incinerate the garbage that can be incinerated at home, in factories, etc., and in the case of factories and public facilities such as public organizations, it is best to dispose of the garbage yourself. This is a social demand. For this reason, incinerators have been conventionally installed in factories, schools, housing complexes, and the like.

This incinerator also ranges from large-scale incinerators in public waste treatment facilities to medium-sized incinerators installed in public organizations such as factories, offices and schools, and small-scale incinerators installed in each home. Various things are offered. It is a medium-scale or smaller incinerator that can be used as an incinerator by factories, various groups, and the like for treating the above-mentioned wastes by themselves, but this has conventionally only a function sufficient to burn things. That is, the kind of thing that ignites the dust placed on the grate (losstor) in the furnace made of iron plate or refractory bricks, and combusts by forcibly or naturally supplying combustion air from the bottom of the losstor It was only.

[0005]

Therefore, in the conventional incinerator, it is not possible to cope with the nature and amount of flammable dust in recent years, it is not possible to completely burn it, and a large amount of unburned residue is left and it is discharged. It also causes a large amount of smoke to be a secondary pollution.
That is, in the case of dust such as plastic and rubber, a large amount of smoke is emitted, and the combustion temperature becomes extremely high, which often damages the incinerator, and it is difficult to completely burn garbage. Is. Therefore, conventionally, various incinerators have been provided, such as forcedly sending air into the incinerator or heating with a burner, but none of them is effective.

Therefore, the present invention provides an incinerator for the purpose of complete combustion in accordance with the nature and amount of flammable dust in recent years by newly developing a structure related to the intake of combustion air. is there.

[0007]

In an incinerator according to the present invention, a combustion chamber surrounded by a peripheral wall is substantially closed by forming only an ash chamber and a charging port at a lower portion and a side portion thereof so that they can be drawn and opened and closed, respectively. However, a smoke exhaust port is provided in the upper part thereof, and the combustion air is taken in from the upper part of the combustion chamber in the vicinity of the smoke exhaust port.

In addition, a plurality of air holes having a predetermined diameter are formed in the peripheral wall forming the combustion chamber at regular intervals in a substantially trapezoidal arrangement, and the combustion chamber surrounded by the peripheral wall is ashed at its lower and side portions. Only the chamber and the inlet are formed so that they can be pulled out and opened and closed, respectively, and are substantially closed. A smoke exhaust port is provided on the upper part of the chamber and the combustion air is taken in from the upper part of the combustion chamber near the smoke exhaust port.

Further, the air holes are air holes having a diameter of about 13 mm, and the air holes are formed at intervals of about 10 cm to form a first row.
Approximately 1 of the plurality of air holes arranged in the middle of the air holes of the row
It is formed at intervals of 0 cm to form a second row, and this is sequentially repeated to form a substantially trapezoidal arrangement.

A wire mesh is stretched above the inside of the combustion chamber, and the outlet cross-sectional area above the combustion chamber is ⅕ or more of the cross-sectional area of the bottom of the combustion chamber. The cross-sectional area of the chimney is 1/6 or more of the cross-sectional area of the bottom of the combustion chamber. Then, specifically, the combustion chamber 4 supported by the base leg 1, the ash chamber 2 that is fixed to the lower portion of the combustion chamber 4 so that it can be pulled out and sealed, and the combustion chamber 4 above the ash chamber 2
Grate 3 that forms the bottom of the combustion chamber 4, a plurality of air holes 6 that are formed in the peripheral wall 5 of the combustion chamber 4 from the vicinity of the bottom upward in a substantially trapezoidal arrangement, and extend inside the vicinity of the upper portion of the combustion chamber 4. Wire mesh 1
2, an air intake 11 opened in the peripheral wall 5 near the wire mesh 12, a central heat collecting plate 13 formed by converging the upper part of the peripheral wall 5, and a central heat collecting plate 13 connected to the chimney 16. The smoke exhaust tube 14 to be inserted and the air intake port 15 opened at the base of the smoke exhaust tube 14 are configured.

[0011]

According to the present invention according to the above means, the combustion chamber surrounded by the peripheral wall is substantially closed by forming only the ash chamber and the charging port at the lower part and the side part thereof so that they can be pulled out and opened and closed, respectively.
Since the air necessary for combustion is allowed to naturally flow in from the upper part of the combustion chamber and the air holes formed in the peripheral wall, the combustion chamber can maintain an oxygen concentration of 8 to 18%, which is suitable for combustion. It is possible to completely burn the combustible dust that has been thrown in. Incomplete combustion gas is completely combusted in the upper part of the combustion chamber. Therefore, the smoke emitted from the chimney is colorless or nearly colorless and causes no pollution.

[0012]

EXAMPLE First, the present invention empirically and experimentally maintains the oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber of an incinerator at about 18 to 8%, so that combustibles can be completely burned without producing smoke. It is based on knowing the facts. That is, when the oxygen concentration exceeds 18%, toxic gas is generated, and the combustion temperature rises to over 1000 degrees, and the combustion chamber itself is damaged and destroyed. On the other hand, when it falls below 8%, it is necessary for combustion. Oxygen is no longer smoothly transferred and supplied to the combustion products. Therefore, an embodiment of the present invention constructed based on the above experience and experimental rules will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a half sectional front view showing an embodiment of the incinerator according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a sectional side view thereof. As shown in the figure, a leg 1 and an ash chamber 2 of appropriate height are provided, a grate 3 is placed on the ash chamber 2, and a combustion chamber 4 of appropriate capacity is placed on the grate 3. Form. The ash chamber 2 is a box body that can be pulled out below the combustion chamber 4. An appropriate number of air holes 6 having a predetermined diameter are formed in the peripheral wall 5 of the combustion chamber 4. For example, the first row is formed with air holes 6 having a diameter of approximately 13 mm in the lower part of the peripheral wall 5 at intervals of approximately 10 cm from the center line of the incinerator, and the first row is approximately 20 cm above the first row. Similar air holes 6 are bored at intervals of about 10 cm in the respective middle portions of the air holes, and these holes are repeatedly bored successively upward. That is, in this case, as shown in the drawing, each surface of the peripheral wall 5 is formed in a substantially trapezoidal or triangular arrangement configuration in which the number of air holes 6 decreases toward the upper portion. The number of air holes 6 is about 20, for example, when the area of the peripheral wall 5 is about 80 cm in length × about 80 cm in width.

Then, one surface of the peripheral wall 5 is opened and the inlet 7 is opened.
In addition to the above, a lid stopper 9 is provided in the lower part of the lid 8, and the lid 8 is detachably provided to open and close the insertion port 7. On the other hand, a makeup lid 10 that is detachably attached to the lid 8 is provided. Further, an air intake 11 is formed in the width direction in the upper part of the combustion chamber 4, a wire net 12 is stretched in a substantially horizontal position inside the upper part, and the upper part is converged in a funnel shape to collect central heat. The plate 13 is formed and is integrally connected to the smoke exhaust tube 14. An air intake port 15 is provided at the base of the smoke exhaust tube 14. The smoke exhaust 14 is inserted into a chimney 16 and has a double structure inside and outside the position portion. The chimney 16 is connected to the base leg 1 or a combustion chamber supported by the base 1, and a decorative cover 17 is provided on the lower part thereof. A cap portion 18 having a wire netting cylinder at the upper end of the chimney 16.
Is detachably attached. The outlet cross-sectional area d above the combustion chamber 4 needs to be ⅕ or more of the cross-sectional area D at the bottom of the combustion chamber 4, and the cross-sectional area d of the chimney 16 is at the bottom of the combustion chamber 4. It must be 1/6 or more of the cross-sectional area.

The operation of the above embodiment will now be described. When the lid 10 is opened and dust is thrown into the grate 3 through the charging port 7 and ignited and the lid 10 is closed, the air holes 6 in the peripheral wall 5 are initialized. When the air required for the combustion of the chimney 1 is supplied and the combustion becomes high to some extent, the hot air in the combustion chamber 4 rises and the chimney 1
When a change in the air flow occurs in the combustion chamber 4 due to the so-called chimney effect entering the combustion chamber 6, combustion air is further supplied from the air intake port 11 and the combustion air in the combustion chamber 4 is maintained within 18 to 8%. .. The flame enters the chimney through a wide passage.

Therefore, the dust is completely burned, the burned ash falls into the ash chamber 2, and the flame containing the gas is guided to the smoke stack 14 through the central heat collecting plate 13 while heating the wire net 12, and from the chimney 16. Is discharged. Air enters and is heated from the air intake port 15 in the upper part of the central heat collecting plate 13 and vigorously rises in the smoke exhaust 14 to promote a chimney effect that guides the flame and gas in the combustion chamber 4 upward. The wire net 12 plays a role of catching that the slag is discharged as a lump and completely burning it. The gas that does not completely burn hits the heated central heat collecting plate 13 and completely burns. further,
The incomplete combustion gas that cannot be completely burned and remains is the chimney 16
When it is discharged through the above, it is completely burned by the heated wire net of the cap portion 18 and discharged to the outside. The discharged ash is discarded by pulling out the ash chamber 2 from the lower part of the combustion chamber 4.

Thus, while the dust is completely burned,
Even the gas generated with combustion is completely burned,
Very little smoke is emitted from the chimney, and it contains no harmful constituents. It should be noted that any kind of garbage can be burned as long as it is a combustible material, such as wood chips, paper, garbage, plastic, rubber garbage, etc. In addition, since garbage is incinerated while being dried by the heat of burning combustible materials, it should be incinerated after mixing it with wood chips, paper, garbage, and other combustible materials in a weight ratio of 30% or less. is there.

[0018]

According to the present invention described above, the combustion air is taken in from the upper portion of the combustion chamber, so that the amount of combustion air can be easily adjusted and the most desirable oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber is maintained. It is possible to obtain an incinerator capable of complete combustion. And as long as it is within the range of oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber based on the above-mentioned empirical rule or experimental rule,
There is no risk of damage and destruction due to the temperature inside the combustion chamber rising, and there is no incomplete combustion due to lack of oxygen.
Therefore, it is not necessary to use expensive materials such as refractory bricks for the material of the combustion chamber, and the structure is simple, so the cost can be provided at low cost. Since the flame passage is wide and the chimney is enlarged to release 80% or more of the calories generated in the furnace, all parts such as the furnace wall, the combustion chamber, and the chimney are maintained at 700 ° C or less, and are resistant to chlorine gas. The furnace material does not distort and is not consumed by oxidation. In addition, since it can be incinerated by natural ventilation without using a burner or fan, it does not require equipment and maintenance costs, which matches the needs of the times. In addition, the air required for combustion is supplied to the combustion chamber at the same time as the combustion by the plurality of air holes of a predetermined diameter which are formed in the peripheral wall forming the combustion chamber at regular intervals in a substantially trapezoidal arrangement. It has a high ability to incinerate leaves quickly and emits very little smoke even if it is polymer waste. Further, the polymer mixed gas generated at the time of combustion is completely combusted by the air supplied from the upper part of the combustion chamber. Further, since raw garbage is obtained while being dried by the heat of burning a combustible material, it is not necessary to stir the inside of the combustion chamber during combustion. Furthermore, since it is a natural ventilation type and does not use a burner or a fan, the equipment and maintenance costs are low. And other effects.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of a half section of an incinerator showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional side view of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Stand leg 2 ... Ash chamber 3 ... Grate 4 ... Combustion chamber 5 ... Peripheral wall 6 ... Air hole 11,15 ... Air intake 13 ... Central heat collecting plate 14 ... Smoke stack 16 ... Chimney

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A combustion chamber surrounded by a peripheral wall is substantially closed by forming only an ash chamber and a charging port at its lower and side portions so that it can be pulled out and opened, respectively, and a smoke exhaust port is provided at the upper part thereof. An incinerator characterized by taking in combustion air from the upper part of the combustion chamber near the smoke outlet. 2. A peripheral wall forming a combustion chamber is provided with a plurality of air holes having a predetermined diameter at regular intervals in a substantially trapezoidal arrangement, and the combustion chamber surrounded by the peripheral wall is ashed at its lower and side portions. Only the chamber and the input port are formed so that they can be pulled out and opened and closed, respectively, and are substantially closed, and a smoke exhaust port is provided on top of them,
An incinerator characterized by taking in combustion air from the upper part of the combustion chamber near the smoke outlet. 3. The incinerator according to claim 2, wherein the air holes are air holes having a diameter of approximately 13 mm. 4. The air holes are formed at a distance of about 10 cm from each other to form a first row, and a plurality of air holes arranged at an intermediate portion of the air holes of the first row at an upper portion of about 20 cm are formed. The incinerator according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the second row is formed at intervals of about 10 cm, and the second row is sequentially repeated to form a substantially trapezoidal arrangement. 5. The incinerator according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, wherein a wire mesh is stretched above the inside of the combustion chamber. 6. The incinerator according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, wherein the outlet cross-sectional area above the combustion chamber is ⅕ or more of the cross-sectional area of the bottom of the combustion chamber. .. 7. The cross-sectional area of the chimney is 1/6 or more of the cross-sectional area of the bottom of the combustion chamber.
An incinerator according to items 4, 5, and 6. 8. A combustion chamber 4 supported by a base leg 1, and an ash chamber 2 which is fixed to the lower portion of the combustion chamber 4 so as to be drawn out and can be sealed.
And a grate 3 that forms the bottom of the combustion chamber 4 at the top of the ash chamber 2.
A plurality of air holes 6 formed in the peripheral wall 5 of the combustion chamber 4 in the substantially trapezoidal arrangement from the vicinity of the bottom portion upward, the wire mesh 12 stretched inside in the vicinity of the upper portion of the combustion chamber 4, and the wire mesh 12 , An air intake opening 11 formed in the peripheral wall 5 in the vicinity of the peripheral wall 5, a central heat collecting plate 13 formed by converging the upper part of the peripheral wall 5, and a central heat collecting plate 1
An incinerator comprising a smoke stack 14 connected to the stack 3 and inserted into a chimney 16, and an air intake port 15 opened at the base of the smoke stack 14.