JPH0578770A - Cast aluminum alloy having excellent wear resistance - Google Patents
Cast aluminum alloy having excellent wear resistanceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0578770A JPH0578770A JP3270209A JP27020991A JPH0578770A JP H0578770 A JPH0578770 A JP H0578770A JP 3270209 A JP3270209 A JP 3270209A JP 27020991 A JP27020991 A JP 27020991A JP H0578770 A JPH0578770 A JP H0578770A
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- Prior art keywords
- weight
- content
- wear resistance
- alloy
- aluminum alloy
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、シリンダブロック等と
して使用される耐摩耗性に優れたアルミニウム鋳造合金
に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an aluminum casting alloy having excellent wear resistance which is used as a cylinder block or the like.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】車両用シリンダブロックとして、軽量化
を図ってＡ３９０で代表される鋳造用アルミニウム合金
が従来から使用されている。このアルミニウム合金は、
耐摩耗性に優れていることを活用して、実用エンジン，
耐摩耗部品等として広く使用されている。2. Description of the Related Art As a cylinder block for a vehicle, an aluminum alloy for casting represented by A390 has been conventionally used for the purpose of weight reduction. This aluminum alloy is
Taking advantage of its excellent wear resistance, a practical engine,
Widely used as wear resistant parts.
【０００３】Ａ３９０系のアルミニウム合金は、Ｓｉ：
１６．０〜１８．０重量％，Ｃｕ：４．０〜５．０重量
％，Ｍｇ：０．４５〜０．６５重量％，Ｆｅ：０．５重
量％未満，Ｍｎ：０．１重量％未満，Ｔｉ：０．２０重
量％未満の組成をもち、必要とする耐摩耗性を確保する
ため多量のＳｉが添加されている。しかし、Ｓｉ含有量
の増加に伴って、アルミニウム合金の液相線温度が高く
なる。The A390 series aluminum alloy is Si:
16.0 to 18.0 wt%, Cu: 4.0 to 5.0 wt%, Mg: 0.45 to 0.65 wt%, Fe: less than 0.5 wt%, Mn: 0.1 wt% , Ti: less than 0.20% by weight, and a large amount of Si is added to ensure the required wear resistance. However, as the Si content increases, the liquidus temperature of the aluminum alloy increases.
【０００４】その結果、通常の合金よりもかなり高い温
度で溶解，鋳造することが必要となり、ライニング耐火
物として高価なものが要求されることは勿論、炉の寿命
低下，燃料消費量の増加，ダイキャスト金型等の寿命低
下が問題となる。また、初晶Ｓｉの分布が不均質にな
り、ヒケ巣等の鋳造欠陥が発生し易い。As a result, it is necessary to melt and cast at a temperature considerably higher than that of a normal alloy, which requires expensive refractory linings, of course, shortens the life of the furnace, increases fuel consumption, There is a problem of shortening the life of die casting molds. In addition, the distribution of primary crystal Si becomes non-uniform, and casting defects such as sink marks are likely to occur.
【０００５】このＡ３９０系アルミニウム合金の欠点を
解消するため、特開昭５０−６４１０７号公報では、Ｓ
ｉ含有量を１３．５〜１６．０重量％と低めに設定して
鋳造性を確保すると共に、Ｃｕ，Ｍｇ，Ｚｎ等の添加に
よって高度及び耐摩耗性を向上させることが紹介されて
いる。In order to solve the drawbacks of the A390 type aluminum alloy, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 506464107 discloses S.
It has been introduced that the i content is set to a low value of 13.5-16.0% by weight to secure the castability, and the addition of Cu, Mg, Zn and the like improves the altitude and the wear resistance.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、Ａ３９０系ア
ルミニウム合金の他の欠点である初晶Ｓｉの不均一分布
は、前掲公報の合金設計によっても未解決のままであ
る。そのため、依然として鋳造欠陥等が生じ易い材料と
して扱われている。また、不均一に分布した初晶Ｓｉ
は、特に急冷効果を受ける部分と徐冷される部分との間
でアルミニウム合金鋳物の性質に変動をきたし、材質に
対する信頼性を欠く原因となる。However, the non-uniform distribution of primary crystal Si, which is another drawback of the A390 series aluminum alloy, remains unsolved by the alloy design described in the above publication. Therefore, it is still treated as a material that is prone to casting defects and the like. In addition, non-uniformly distributed primary crystal Si
In particular, the properties of the aluminum alloy casting fluctuate between the part that is subjected to the rapid cooling effect and the part that is gradually cooled, and this causes the lack of reliability of the material.
【０００７】本発明は、このような問題を解消すべく案
出されたものであり、Ｓｉ含有量を１４．０〜１６．０
重量％に設定した合金系においてＣｕ，Ｍｇ，Ｍｎ，Ｃ
ｒ，Ｔｉ，Ｐ，Ｆｅ等の配合割合を特定することによっ
て、微細な初晶Ｓｉの均一分散を図り、耐摩耗性に優れ
鋳造欠陥のないアルミニウム鋳造合金を提供することを
目的とする。The present invention has been devised to solve such a problem, and has a Si content of 14.0 to 16.0.
Cu, Mg, Mn, C in the alloy system set to wt%
By specifying the blending ratio of r, Ti, P, Fe, etc., it is an object of the present invention to achieve a uniform dispersion of fine primary crystal Si and to provide an aluminum casting alloy having excellent wear resistance and no casting defects.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明のアルミニウム鋳
造合金は、その目的を達成するため、Ｓｉ：１４．０〜
１６．０重量％，Ｃｕ：２．０〜５．０重量％，Ｍｇ：
０．１〜１．０重量％，Ｍｎ：０．３〜０．８重量％，
Ｃｒ：０．１〜０．３重量％，Ｔｉ：０．０５〜０．２
０重量％，Ｐ：０．００３〜０．０５重量％，Ｆｅ：
１．５重量％以下を含有し、Ｃａ含有量が０．００５重
量％未満に規制され、且つ平均粒径１０〜５０μｍの初
晶Ｓｉが均一に分散した組織をもっていることを特徴と
する。The aluminum casting alloy of the present invention has a Si: 14.0 to
16.0% by weight, Cu: 2.0 to 5.0% by weight, Mg:
0.1-1.0% by weight, Mn: 0.3-0.8% by weight,
Cr: 0.1 to 0.3% by weight, Ti: 0.05 to 0.2
0% by weight, P: 0.003 to 0.05% by weight, Fe:
It is characterized in that it contains 1.5 wt% or less, the Ca content is regulated to less than 0.005 wt%, and the primary crystal Si having an average grain size of 10 to 50 μm is uniformly dispersed.
【０００９】また、このアルミニウム鋳造合金は、更に
Ｂ：０．０００１〜０．０１重量％及びＮｉ：０．３〜
３．０重量％の１種又は２種を含有することができる。The cast aluminum alloy further contains B: 0.0001 to 0.01% by weight and Ni: 0.3 to.
It may contain 3.0% by weight of one or two.
【００１０】[0010]
【作 用】本発明者等は、耐摩耗性，機械的性質，物理
的性質，切削性，鋳造性等にＳｉ，Ｃｕ，Ｍｇ，Ｍｎ，
Ｃｒ等の合金元素が与える影響について詳細に検討し
た。その結果、Ａ３９０合金の下限である１６重量％以
下にＳｉ含有量を下げても、初晶Ｓｉが微細で且つ均一
に分散している限り、耐摩耗性の確保が図られることを
見出した。[Operation] The inventors of the present invention have found that the wear resistance, mechanical properties, physical properties, machinability, castability, etc. of Si, Cu, Mg, Mn,
The effects of alloying elements such as Cr were examined in detail. As a result, they have found that even if the Si content is reduced to 16% by weight or less, which is the lower limit of the A390 alloy, wear resistance can be ensured as long as the primary crystal Si is finely and uniformly dispersed.
【００１１】すなわち、本発明のアルミニウム鋳造合金
においては、Ａ３９０系合金に比較してＳｉ含有量を１
６．０重量％以下と低めに設定しているので、溶解性及
び鋳造性が大幅に改善され、操業が容易になる。そし
て、シリンダーブロック等の耐摩耗部品に要求される切
削性，溶解性，鋳造性等に関するＡ３９０系合金の問題
点を、Ｓｉを始めとする合金元素の含有量の調整，マト
リックスの強化等によって、耐摩耗性の低下を伴うこと
なく解消したものである。That is, in the aluminum casting alloy of the present invention, the Si content is 1 as compared with the A390 series alloy.
Since it is set as low as 6.0% by weight or less, the solubility and the castability are significantly improved and the operation becomes easy. Then, the problems of the A390 series alloy regarding the machinability, solubility, castability, etc. required for wear resistant parts such as cylinder blocks can be solved by adjusting the content of alloying elements such as Si and strengthening the matrix. This is solved without deterioration of wear resistance.
【００１２】初晶Ｓｉの微細化及び均一分散には、特に
Ｃｒの添加が有効である。Ｃｒは、初晶Ｓｉ中に混在す
る元素である。Ｃｒの混在によって初晶Ｓｉの比重が大
きくなり、鋳造中におけるＳｉの浮上が抑制されるもの
と推察される。併せて、微細なＡｌ−Ｃｒ系化合物が晶
出し、これによっても耐摩耗性が向上する。また、初晶
Ｓｉの微細化には、所定量のＰ含有も効果がある。The addition of Cr is particularly effective for the refinement and uniform dispersion of the primary crystal Si. Cr is an element mixed in primary crystal Si. It is presumed that the presence of Cr increases the specific gravity of primary crystal Si and suppresses the floating of Si during casting. At the same time, a fine Al-Cr compound is crystallized, which also improves the wear resistance. In addition, the inclusion of a predetermined amount of P is also effective for refining the primary crystal Si.
【００１３】以下、各合金元素の含有量及び作用等につ
いて説明する。Ｓｉ：耐摩耗性及び弾性係数を向上させ
る上で、重要な元素である。しかし、Ｓｉ含有量が１
６．０重量％を超えると、合金の液相線温度が上昇して
溶解性，鋳造性等が悪くなると共に、初晶Ｓｉの分散が
不均一になり易い。他方、１４．０重量％未満のＳｉ含
有量では、耐摩耗性が不足する。そこで、本発明におい
ては、Ｓｉ含有量を１４．０〜１６．０重量％の範囲に
規定した。The contents and actions of each alloying element will be described below. Si: An important element for improving wear resistance and elastic modulus. However, the Si content is 1
If it exceeds 6.0% by weight, the liquidus temperature of the alloy increases, the solubility, castability, etc. deteriorate, and the dispersion of primary crystal Si tends to become non-uniform. On the other hand, if the Si content is less than 14.0% by weight, abrasion resistance is insufficient. Therefore, in the present invention, the Si content is defined in the range of 14.0 to 16.0% by weight.
【００１４】また、Ｓｉ含有量が１６．０重量％以下に
なると、アルミニウム合金の切削性が急激に向上する。
その結果、摩耗に起因した工具寿命の低下がなくなり切
削コストの大幅な低減が可能となる。When the Si content is 16.0% by weight or less, the machinability of the aluminum alloy is drastically improved.
As a result, the tool life will not be reduced due to wear, and the cutting cost can be significantly reduced.
【００１５】Ｃｕ：マトリックスを強化する作用を呈
し、これによって耐摩耗性が向上する。このような作用
を得るためには、２．０重量％以上のＣｕを含有させる
ことが必要である。しかし、Ｃｕ含有量が５．０重量％
を超えると、ヒケ巣の発生が多くなる。Cu: Exhibits the effect of strengthening the matrix, which improves the wear resistance. In order to obtain such an effect, it is necessary to contain 2.0% by weight or more of Cu. However, the Cu content is 5.0% by weight
Beyond that, the number of shrinkage nests increases.
【００１６】Ｍｇ：硬度，耐摩耗性，機械的強度等を上
昇させる上で有効な合金元素であり、０．１重量％以上
のＭｇ含有でこれらの作用が得られる。しかし、１．０
重量％を超えてＭｇを含有させると、靭性を低下させる
傾向が見られる。Mg: An alloying element effective in increasing hardness, wear resistance, mechanical strength and the like, and these effects are obtained when Mg is contained in an amount of 0.1% by weight or more. But 1.0
If Mg is contained in excess of wt%, the toughness tends to be reduced.
【００１７】Ｍｎ：マトリックスを強化し、機械的性質
を改善する合金元素である。Ｍｎ含有量が０．３重量％
未満になると、耐摩耗性が低下する傾向が見られる。他
方、０．８重量％を超えるＭｎ含有量では、鋳造性が悪
くなり，逆に機械的性質の劣化を招く。Mn: An alloying element that strengthens the matrix and improves mechanical properties. Mn content is 0.3% by weight
If it is less than 1, the wear resistance tends to decrease. On the other hand, if the Mn content exceeds 0.8% by weight, the castability is deteriorated and conversely the mechanical properties are deteriorated.
【００１８】Ｃｒ：初晶Ｓｉを微細且つ均一に分散させ
る上で重要な合金元素であり、硬度，機械的性質の向上
にも有効に作用する。このような作用は、０．１重量％
以上のＣｒ含有量で顕著となる。しかし、Ｃｒ含有量が
０．３重量％を超えると、鋳造性及び機械的性質が低下
する。また、多量のＣｒ含有は、Ａｌ−Ｃｒ系晶出物を
粗大化させる原因ともなる。Cr: An alloying element important for finely and uniformly dispersing primary crystal Si, and effectively acts to improve hardness and mechanical properties. This effect is 0.1% by weight
It becomes remarkable with the above Cr contents. However, if the Cr content exceeds 0.3% by weight, castability and mechanical properties deteriorate. In addition, a large amount of Cr content also causes coarsening of Al—Cr-based crystallized substances.
【００１９】Ｔｉ：機械的性質を向上させる作用を呈
し、組織を均一化させることにも有効である。これらの
作用を得るためには、０．０５重量％以上のＴｉを含有
させることが必要である。しかし、０．２０重量％を超
えるＴｉ含有量では、逆に機械的性質の低下を招く。Ti: It has an effect of improving mechanical properties and is also effective in homogenizing the structure. In order to obtain these effects, it is necessary to contain 0.05% by weight or more of Ti. However, if the Ti content exceeds 0.20% by weight, the mechanical properties are deteriorated.
【００２０】Ｐ：Ｃｒと共に初晶Ｓｉを微細化し均一に
分散させる作用を呈する。この初晶Ｓｉに与える作用
は、０．００３重量％以上のＰ含有量で確保される。し
かし、Ｐ含有量が０．０５重量％を超えると、湯流れ等
の鋳造性が劣化する。そこで、本発明においては、０．
００３〜０．０５重量％の範囲にＰ含有量を設定した。
また、Ｐ含有量をこの範囲に維持するとき、溶湯の粘性
低下によって湯流れ性がよくなり、鋳造性の向上が図ら
れる。P: With Cr, it has the function of refining and uniformly dispersing the primary crystal Si. The action given to the primary crystal Si is secured by the P content of 0.003% by weight or more. However, if the P content exceeds 0.05% by weight, castability such as molten metal flow deteriorates. Therefore, in the present invention, 0.
The P content was set in the range of 003 to 0.05% by weight.
Further, when the P content is maintained in this range, the melt flowability is improved due to the decrease in the viscosity of the molten metal, and the castability is improved.
【００２１】Ｆｅ：溶製過程でアルミニウム合金に取り
込まれる不純物である。多量のＦｅが混入すると、特に
徐冷部，ホットスポット部等にＡｌ−Ｆｅ系化合物，Ａ
ｌ−Ｆｅ−Ｍｎ−Ｓｉ系化合物等が生成し、ミクロポロ
シティの発生原因となる。その結果、得られたアルミニ
ウム合金の靭性及び強度を低下させる。この欠点を防止
するため、本発明においては、Ｆｅ含有量を１．５重量
％以下に規定した。Fe: Impurity taken into the aluminum alloy during the melting process. If a large amount of Fe is mixed in, especially in the slow cooling part, the hot spot part, etc., the Al-Fe compound, A
An l-Fe-Mn-Si-based compound or the like is generated, which causes generation of microporosity. As a result, the toughness and strength of the obtained aluminum alloy are reduced. In order to prevent this drawback, in the present invention, the Fe content is specified to be 1.5% by weight or less.
【００２２】ただし、アルミニウム合金をダイキャスト
鋳造に使用するとき、高温の合金が金型内面に焼き付く
ことを防止する上で、Ｆｅは有効な合金元素である。そ
こで、ダイキャスト鋳物として使用する場合には、０．
１重量％以上のＦｅ含有量を確保することが好ましい。However, when an aluminum alloy is used for die cast casting, Fe is an effective alloying element for preventing the high temperature alloy from sticking to the inner surface of the mold. Therefore, when it is used as a die-cast casting,
It is preferable to secure an Fe content of 1% by weight or more.
【００２３】Ｃａ：Ｆｅと同様に、溶製過程でアルミニ
ウム合金に原料Ｓｉから混入する不純物である。Ｃａ含
有量が０．００５重量％を超えて多くなると、鋳造時に
内部ヒケが大きくなり、鋳造性の低下を招く。また、Ｐ
による初晶Ｓｉ微細化作用を阻害する。そこで、本発明
においては、Ｃａ含有量を０．００５重量％以下に規定
した。Similar to Ca: Fe, it is an impurity mixed into the aluminum alloy from the raw material Si during the melting process. When the Ca content exceeds 0.005% by weight and increases, the internal sink mark becomes large during casting, resulting in deterioration of castability. Also, P
Inhibits the primary crystal Si refining effect. Therefore, in the present invention, the Ca content is specified to be 0.005% by weight or less.
【００２４】Ｂ：任意成分として添加されるＢは、Ｔｉ
と共に結晶粒を微細化させることに寄与する。この作用
は、Ｂ含有量０．０００１重量％でみられる。しかし、
多量のＢ含有は、アルミニウム合金の脆化を招くので、
上限を０．０１重量％に設定した。B: B added as an optional component is Ti
At the same time, it contributes to the refinement of crystal grains. This effect is seen at a B content of 0.0001% by weight. But,
Since a large amount of B content causes embrittlement of the aluminum alloy,
The upper limit was set to 0.01% by weight.
【００２５】Ｎｉ：任意成分として添加されるＮｉは、
高温強度を向上し、硬度，耐摩耗性を改善する上で有効
な合金元素である。これらの作用は、Ｎｉ含有量０．３
重量％以上でみられる。しかし、高価なＮｉを多量に含
有させることは、アルミニウム合金のコストを上昇させ
るので好ましくない。また、Ｎｉ含有量の増加に伴い、
耐食性の低下もみられる。そこで、本発明においては、
Ｎｉ含有量の上限を３．０重量％に規定し、Ｎｉの作用
をＭｎで置換或いは補完する。Ni: Ni added as an optional component is
It is an effective alloying element for improving high temperature strength, hardness and wear resistance. These actions have a Ni content of 0.3.
It is seen in the weight% and above. However, the inclusion of a large amount of expensive Ni is not preferable because it increases the cost of the aluminum alloy. In addition, as the Ni content increases,
Corrosion resistance is also reduced. Therefore, in the present invention,
The upper limit of the Ni content is specified to be 3.0% by weight, and the action of Ni is replaced or complemented by Mn.
【００２６】初晶Ｓｉの粒径：耐摩耗性，切削性及び鋳
造性を確保するため、初晶Ｓｉの平均粒径を１０〜５０
μｍの範囲に調整することが必要である。初晶Ｓｉの平
均粒径が１０μｍ未満の場合に、耐摩耗性を向上させる
初晶Ｓｉの効果が小さくなる。逆に、初晶Ｓｉの平均粒
径が５０μｍを超えると、大きな初晶Ｓｉが存在するこ
とから、カジリ現象や機械的性質，切削性等の低下がみ
られる。Grain size of primary crystal Si: In order to secure wear resistance, machinability and castability, the average grain size of primary crystal Si is 10 to 50.
It is necessary to adjust to the μm range. When the average grain size of the primary crystal Si is less than 10 μm, the effect of the primary crystal Si for improving the wear resistance becomes small. On the contrary, when the average grain size of the primary crystal Si exceeds 50 μm, a large primary crystal Si is present, so that the galling phenomenon, mechanical properties, machinability and the like are deteriorated.
【００２７】このように合金設計された本発明のアルミ
ニウム鋳造合金は、金型重力鋳造，低圧鋳造，砂型鋳
造，ダイキャスト，溶湯鍛造等で目標とする鋳物に製造
することができる。また、Ｔ5,Ｔ6 等の熱処理を施すこ
とも可能である。The aluminum casting alloy of the present invention, which is alloy-designed as described above, can be manufactured into a target casting by die gravity casting, low pressure casting, sand casting, die casting, molten metal forging and the like. It is also possible to perform heat treatment such as T 5 and T 6 .
【００２８】[0028]
【実施例】以下、実施例によって、本発明を具体的に説
明する。表１に示した成分・組成のアルミニウム合金を
溶製し、温度３５０℃に保持した舟金型を使用して鋳造
した。得られた鋳物を旋盤で切削し、その切削性を調査
した。また、耐摩耗性，溶解性，鋳造性，機械的性質等
を調べ、これらを表２にまとめて示した。EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples. Aluminum alloys having the components and compositions shown in Table 1 were melted and cast using a boat mold held at a temperature of 350 ° C. The obtained casting was cut with a lathe, and its machinability was investigated. Further, wear resistance, solubility, castability, mechanical properties, etc. were examined, and shown in Table 2.
【００２９】[0029]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００３０】[0030]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００３１】耐摩耗性は、フリクトロン式摩擦摩耗試験
機を使用し、摩擦速度を０．２３８ｍ／秒，摩擦距離を
６０００ｍ，摩擦荷重を１６０ｋｇ，相手材を硬質クロ
ムめっきしたＳＫ−４鋼とした摩耗条件で調べた。そし
て、摩耗量が０〜１００ｍｇのものを◎，１００〜３０
０ｍｇのものを○，３００〜５００ｍｇのものを△，５
００ｍｇ以上のものを×として相対評価し、表２に示し
た。As for the wear resistance, a SK-4 steel was used, in which a friction speed was 0.238 m / sec, a friction distance was 6000 m, a friction load was 160 kg, and a mating material was hard-chrome plated using a frictron type friction wear tester. It was examined under wear conditions. And, wear amount of 0 to 100 mg is ◎, 100 to 30
0 mg is ○, 300-500 mg is △, 5
Those having a dose of 00 mg or more were evaluated relative to each other and shown in Table 2.
【００３２】表２から明らかなように、本発明で規定す
る範囲でＳｉ，Ｃｕ，Ｍｎ，Ｃｒ等を含有する合金にあ
っては、何れも摩耗量が１００ｍｇ以下の優れた耐摩耗
性を呈していることが判る。これに対し、たとえば試験
番号１１及び１３の合金にあっては、Ｓｉ含有量がそれ
ぞれ１３．０重量％及び１２．０重量％と低いため、初
晶Ｓｉの晶出量が少なく、耐摩耗性が悪くなっている。As is clear from Table 2, all the alloys containing Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, etc. within the range specified by the present invention exhibit excellent wear resistance with a wear amount of 100 mg or less. You can see that On the other hand, in the alloys of Test Nos. 11 and 13, for example, since the Si contents are as low as 13.0 wt% and 12.0 wt%, respectively, the amount of primary Si crystallized is small and the wear resistance is low. Is getting worse.
【００３３】切削性試験は、超硬工具を使用し、切削速
度を２００ｍ／分，４００ｍ／分及び６００ｍ／分の３
段階、送り速度を０．０５ｍｍ／回転，０．１ｍｍ／回
転及び０．２ｍｍ／回転の３段階、切込み量を０．５ｍ
ｍ，１．０ｍｍ及び２．０ｍｍの３段階とした条件下で
行った。そして、切削長さが５０００ｍに達したときの
切削工具の逃げ面の摩耗幅，切削抵抗及び仕上げ面粗さ
について調べ、表３に掲げた基準で４段階評価した。For the machinability test, a cemented carbide tool was used, and the cutting speed was 200 m / min, 400 m / min and 600 m / min.
3 steps, feed rate 0.05mm / revolution, 0.1mm / revolution and 0.2mm / revolution, depth of cut 0.5m
m, 1.0 mm, and 2.0 mm. Then, the wear width, the cutting resistance, and the finished surface roughness of the flank of the cutting tool when the cutting length reached 5000 m were examined, and evaluated in four levels based on the criteria shown in Table 3.
【００３４】[0034]
【表３】 [Table 3]
【００３５】各試験項目についての評価点を合算し、合
計評価点が４点以下のものを◎，５〜７点のものを○，
８〜１０点のものを△，１０点を超えるものを×として
相対評価した。The evaluation points of the respective test items are added up, and the total evaluation points are 4 or less, ⊚, 5 to 7 points are ∘,
Relative evaluation was made with a score of 8 to 10 as Δ and a score of more than 10 as x.
【００３６】表２から明らかなように、Ｓｉ，Ｃｕ，Ｍ
ｎ，Ｃｒ等の合金成分が本発明で規定されている範囲に
ある場合、何れも良好な切削性が得られている。一般的
にみて、切削性は、Ｓｉ含有量が高いものほど悪く、Ｓ
ｉ含有量の低下に従って切削性が向上している。たとえ
ば、試験番号１３の合金例では、Ｓｉ含有量が１２．０
重量％と低いことから、極めて優れた切削性が示されて
いる。As is clear from Table 2, Si, Cu, M
When the alloy components such as n and Cr are in the range specified in the present invention, good machinability is obtained in all cases. Generally speaking, the machinability is worse as the Si content is higher, and S
The machinability improves as the i content decreases. For example, in the alloy example of test number 13, the Si content is 12.0.
Since it is as low as wt%, extremely excellent machinability is shown.
【００３７】しかし、試験番号１３の合金例は、初晶Ｓ
ｉの晶出がほとんど検出されず、耐摩耗性に劣ることは
前述した通りである。更に、硬質のＣｕ，Ｍｎ，Ｃｒ系
化合物等の晶出量が少ないものほど、切削性に優れてい
ることが判る。However, the alloy example of Test No. 13 has the primary crystal S
As described above, the crystallization of i was hardly detected and the abrasion resistance was poor. Further, it can be seen that the smaller the amount of hard Cu, Mn, Cr-based compound or the like crystallized out, the better the machinability.
【００３８】溶解性は、アルミニウム合金の液相線温度
を中心として、溶製時のガス吸収やライニング耐火物の
損傷等を取り込んで相対評価し、優れているものを◎，
良好なものを○，やや悪いものを△，悪いものを×とし
て表示した。一般的にみて、Ｓｉ含有量が１重量％増加
すると、アルミニウム合金の液相線温度が約１０℃上昇
する。また、Ｐも液相線温度を上昇させる元素であり、
Ｐ含有量が０．０５重量％を超えるようになると溶湯の
粘性が上昇し、湯回り性が低下する。The solubility is relatively evaluated by focusing on the liquidus temperature of the aluminum alloy and taking in gas absorption at the time of melting, damage to the lining refractory, and the like.
The good ones are shown as O, the slightly bad ones as Δ, and the bad ones as X. Generally speaking, when the Si content increases by 1% by weight, the liquidus temperature of the aluminum alloy increases by about 10 ° C. P is also an element that raises the liquidus temperature,
When the P content exceeds 0.05% by weight, the viscosity of the molten metal increases and the hot running property deteriorates.
【００３９】鋳造性は、鋳造温度，初晶Ｓｉの粒径及び
分布，湯回り性等について、表４に示した評価基準で判
定した。なお、初晶Ｓｉの粒径及び分布は、温度２００
℃に保持した塗布無しのＪＩＳ４号舟型を使用して鋳造
した試料の中心部断面を観察することによって調べた。The castability was judged according to the evaluation criteria shown in Table 4 regarding the casting temperature, the grain size and distribution of the primary crystal Si, the hot running property and the like. The grain size and distribution of the primary crystal Si is 200
It was examined by observing the central cross section of the sample cast using an uncoated JIS No. 4 boat type held at 0 ° C.
【００４０】また、湯回り性は、３００℃に保持した塗
布なしのクサビ金型を使用した鋳造によって調べた。こ
のクサビ金型は、図１及び図２に示す平断面で矩形状，
側断面で傾斜状のキャビティをもつものであった。そし
て、キャビティに広がった溶湯の面積を図１の矩形面積
で除した面積率で表した。この湯回り性が良好なもの
は、製品のエッジや刻印が明瞭なものとなる。The hot running property was examined by casting using an uncoated wedge mold held at 300 ° C. This wedge mold has a rectangular cross section with a flat cross section as shown in FIGS.
It had an inclined cavity in the side section. Then, the area of the molten metal spread in the cavity was divided by the rectangular area of FIG. The product having good hot running property has clear edges and markings on the product.
【００４１】[0041]
【表４】 [Table 4]
【００４２】各試験項目についての評価点を合算し、合
計評価点が４点以下のものを◎，５〜７点のものを○，
８〜１０点のものを△，１０点を超えるものを×として
鋳造性を相対評価した。The evaluation points for each test item are added together, and the total evaluation points are 4 or less, ⊚, 5 to 7 points are ∘,
Castability was relatively evaluated by assigning 8 to 10 points as Δ and exceeding 10 points as x.
【００４３】表２に示されているように、Ｓｉ，Ｆｅ，
Ｐ等の含有量が本発明で規定した範囲にある合金例で
は、良好な鋳造性が得られていることが判る。これに対
して、Ｓｉ含有量が１９．０重量％と多い試験番号１４
の合金例では、鋳造可能な温度が７８０℃と高く、鋳造
性が悪くなっていた。そして、多数の鋳造欠陥が検出さ
れた。As shown in Table 2, Si, Fe,
It can be seen that good castability is obtained in the alloy examples in which the content of P and the like is within the range specified in the present invention. On the other hand, Test No. 14 having a high Si content of 19.0% by weight
In the alloy example, the castable temperature was as high as 780 ° C., and the castability was poor. And many casting defects were detected.
【００４４】以上の説明から明らかなように、本発明に
従ったアルミニウム合金は、耐摩耗性，切削性，溶解
性，鋳造性の何れにおいても優れた特性を呈している。
そのため、得られたアルミニウム合金鋳物は、シリンダ
ブロック，ピストン，コンプレッサ部品，変速機部品等
として、優れた特性を示す材質として使用される。ま
た、切削性が良好なことから、必要形状に仕上げる加工
も容易なものとなる。As is clear from the above description, the aluminum alloy according to the present invention exhibits excellent characteristics in wear resistance, machinability, solubility and castability.
Therefore, the obtained aluminum alloy casting is used as a material exhibiting excellent characteristics as a cylinder block, a piston, a compressor part, a transmission part, and the like. Further, since the machinability is good, the processing for finishing into a required shape becomes easy.
【００４５】[0045]
【発明の効果】以上に説明したように、本発明において
は、Ｓｉ含有量を低下させて鋳造性を確保すると共に、
Ｃｕ，Ｍｇ，Ｍｎ，Ｃｒ，Ｔｉ，Ｐ等の合金成分を総合
的に規制することによって、耐摩耗性を損なうことな
く、溶解性，鋳造性，切削性等を改良している。そのた
め、溶解炉のライニング耐火物等に与える損傷を少なく
することができ、また金型の寿命も長くなる。しかも、
得られたアルミニウム合金鋳物を目標形状に機械切削す
るとき、切削工具の寿命も長くなる。このようにして、
シリンダブロック，ピストン，コンプレッサ部品，変速
機部品等として好適な材料が提供される。As described above, in the present invention, the Si content is lowered to secure the castability, and
By comprehensively controlling alloying components such as Cu, Mg, Mn, Cr, Ti, P, the solubility, castability, machinability, etc. are improved without impairing wear resistance. Therefore, damage to the lining refractory of the melting furnace can be reduced, and the life of the mold is extended. Moreover,
When the obtained aluminum alloy casting is mechanically cut into a target shape, the life of the cutting tool is extended. In this way
Materials suitable for cylinder blocks, pistons, compressor parts, transmission parts, etc. are provided.
【図１】 本発明実施例において湯回り性を判定すると
きに使用した舟金型のキャビティを示す平面図FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a cavity of a boat mold used when determining the hot running property in an example of the present invention.
【図２】 同キャビティの側面図FIG. 2 is a side view of the cavity.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 北岡 山治 静岡県庵原郡蒲原町蒲原１丁目34番１号 株式会社日軽技研内 (72)発明者 渡辺 靖彦 東京都港区三田３丁目13番12号 日本軽金 属株式会社内 (72)発明者 鞘師 守 神奈川県横浜市神奈川区宝町２番地 日産 自動車株式会社内 (72)発明者 神戸 洋史 神奈川県横浜市神奈川区宝町２番地 日産 自動車株式会社内 (72)発明者 渡辺 浩児 神奈川県横浜市神奈川区宝町２番地 日産 自動車株式会社内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Yamaji Kitaoka 1-34 Kambara, Kambara-cho, Anbara-gun, Shizuoka Prefecture Nichiritsu Giken Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Yasuhiko Watanabe 3-13 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo No. 12 In Japan Light Metals Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Mamoru Sashishi 2 Takaracho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Hiroshi Kobe 2 Takaracho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Nissan Stock In-house (72) Inventor Hiroko Watanabe 2 Takaracho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
Claims (3)
ｕ：２．０〜５．０重量％，Ｍｇ：０．１〜１．０重量
％，Ｍｎ：０．３〜０．８重量％，Ｃｒ：０．１〜０．
３重量％，Ｔｉ：０．０５〜０．２０重量％，Ｐ：０．
００３〜０．０２重量％，Ｆｅ：１．５重量％以下を含
有し、Ｃａ含有量が０．００５重量％未満に規制され、
且つ平均粒径１０〜５０μｍの初晶Ｓｉが均一に分散し
た組織をもっていることを特徴とする耐摩耗性に優れた
アルミニウム鋳造合金。1. Si: 14.0 to 16.0% by weight, C
u: 2.0 to 5.0% by weight, Mg: 0.1 to 1.0% by weight, Mn: 0.3 to 0.8% by weight, Cr: 0.1 to 0.
3% by weight, Ti: 0.05 to 0.20% by weight, P: 0.
003 to 0.02% by weight, Fe: 1.5% by weight or less, and the Ca content is regulated to less than 0.005% by weight.
An aluminum casting alloy having excellent wear resistance, which has a structure in which primary crystal Si having an average grain size of 10 to 50 μm is uniformly dispersed.
ｕ：２．０〜５．０重量％，Ｍｇ：０．１〜１．０重量
％，Ｍｎ：０．３〜０．８重量％，Ｃｒ：０．１〜０．
３重量％，Ｔｉ：０．０５〜０．２０重量％，Ｐ：０．
００３〜０．０５重量％，Ｆｅ：１．５重量％以下，
Ｂ：０．０００１〜０．０１重量％を含有し、Ｃａ含有
量が０．００５重量％未満に規制され、且つ平均粒径１
０〜５０μｍの初晶Ｓｉが均一に分散した組織をもって
いることを特徴とする耐摩耗性に優れたアルミニウム鋳
造合金。2. Si: 14.0 to 16.0% by weight, C
u: 2.0 to 5.0% by weight, Mg: 0.1 to 1.0% by weight, Mn: 0.3 to 0.8% by weight, Cr: 0.1 to 0.
3% by weight, Ti: 0.05 to 0.20% by weight, P: 0.
003 to 0.05% by weight, Fe: 1.5% by weight or less,
B: 0.0001 to 0.01 wt% is contained, the Ca content is regulated to less than 0.005 wt%, and the average particle size is 1
An aluminum casting alloy having excellent wear resistance, which has a structure in which primary crystal Si of 0 to 50 μm is uniformly dispersed.
ｕ：２．０〜５．０重量％，Ｍｇ：０．１〜１．０重量
％，Ｍｎ：０．３〜０．８重量％，Ｃｒ：０．１〜０．
３重量％，Ｔｉ：０．０５〜０．２０重量％，Ｐ：０．
００３〜０．０５重量％，Ｆｅ：１．５重量％以下，Ｎ
ｉ：０．３〜３．０重量％を含有し、Ｃａ含有量が０．
００５重量％未満に規制され、且つ平均粒径１０〜５０
μｍの初晶Ｓｉが均一に分散した組織をもっていること
を特徴とする耐摩耗性に優れたアルミニウム鋳造合金。3. Si: 14.0 to 16.0% by weight, C
u: 2.0 to 5.0% by weight, Mg: 0.1 to 1.0% by weight, Mn: 0.3 to 0.8% by weight, Cr: 0.1 to 0.
3% by weight, Ti: 0.05 to 0.20% by weight, P: 0.
003 to 0.05% by weight, Fe: 1.5% by weight or less, N
i: 0.3-3.0% by weight, Ca content: 0.
Regulated to less than 005% by weight and having an average particle size of 10 to 50
An aluminum casting alloy with excellent wear resistance, which has a structure in which μm of primary crystal Si is uniformly dispersed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3270209A JP2709663B2 (en) | 1991-09-20 | 1991-09-20 | Aluminum alloy with excellent wear resistance |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3270209A JP2709663B2 (en) | 1991-09-20 | 1991-09-20 | Aluminum alloy with excellent wear resistance |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0578770A true JPH0578770A (en) | 1993-03-30 |
| JP2709663B2 JP2709663B2 (en) | 1998-02-04 |
Family
ID=17483056
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3270209A Expired - Lifetime JP2709663B2 (en) | 1991-09-20 | 1991-09-20 | Aluminum alloy with excellent wear resistance |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2709663B2 (en) |
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| EP0672760A1 (en) * | 1994-03-16 | 1995-09-20 | Nippon Light Metal Co., Ltd. | Wear resistant cast aluminum alloy and process of producing same |
| US5762728A (en) * | 1994-03-16 | 1998-06-09 | Nippon Light Metal Company Ltd. | Wear-resistant cast aluminum alloy process of producing the same |
| FR2825376A1 (en) * | 2001-05-29 | 2002-12-06 | Nippon Light Metal Co | Fabrication of a wear resistant molded article from a molten hyper-eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy containing copper held at a predetermined temperature to regulate the metallurgical structure before casting |
| DE10357096B4 (en) * | 2003-03-01 | 2014-05-15 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Monolithic aluminum cylinder crankcase for heavy-duty diesel engines |
| EP1452716A1 (en) * | 2003-03-01 | 2004-09-01 | KS Aluminium Technologie Aktiengesellschaft | Monolitic Aluminium crackcase for highly stressed diesel engines |
| WO2005090625A1 (en) * | 2004-03-23 | 2005-09-29 | Nippon Light Metal Company, Ltd. | Aluminum alloy excellent in wear resistance and sliding member using the same |
| EP1762631A1 (en) * | 2004-03-23 | 2007-03-14 | Nippon Light Metal Company Ltd. | Aluminum alloy excellent in wear resistance and sliding member using the same |
| EP1762631A4 (en) * | 2004-03-23 | 2007-10-24 | Nippon Light Metal Co | Aluminum alloy excellent in wear resistance and sliding member using the same |
| US7695577B2 (en) | 2004-03-23 | 2010-04-13 | Nippon Light Metal Company, Ltd. | Aluminum alloy excellent in wear resistance and sliding member using this alloy |
| JP2007119869A (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2007-05-17 | Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd | Differential gear case and manufacturing method therefor |
| CN104342590A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2015-02-11 | 株式会社神户制钢所 | Aluminum alloy extrudate for cutting |
| CN107619974A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-01-23 | 山西瑞格金属新材料有限公司 | A kind of high-strength high-elasticity modulus aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN107619974B (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2019-07-26 | 山西瑞格金属新材料有限公司 | A kind of high-strength high-elasticity modulus aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof |
| JP2020200514A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2020-12-17 | 昭和電工株式会社 | Aluminum alloy material |
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|---|---|
| JP2709663B2 (en) | 1998-02-04 |
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