JPH0576457B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0576457B2 JPH0576457B2 JP60062238A JP6223885A JPH0576457B2 JP H0576457 B2 JPH0576457 B2 JP H0576457B2 JP 60062238 A JP60062238 A JP 60062238A JP 6223885 A JP6223885 A JP 6223885A JP H0576457 B2 JPH0576457 B2 JP H0576457B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- water
- metalate
- phase
- alkylene
- alkylene oxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 88
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 70
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 70
- -1 alkylene glycol Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 57
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 54
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungstate Chemical compound [O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trichloroethane Chemical compound ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Natural products P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 46
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 31
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 25
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 22
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 19
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 8
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004508 fractional distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ALTWGIIQPLQAAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N metavanadate Chemical compound [O-][V](=O)=O ALTWGIIQPLQAAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylenediamine Chemical compound CC(N)CN AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003957 anion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003849 aromatic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZWAJLVLEBYIOTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene oxide Chemical compound C1CCCC2OC21 ZWAJLVLEBYIOTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FWFSEYBSWVRWGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene oxide Natural products O=C1CCCC=C1 FWFSEYBSWVRWGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VURFVHCLMJOLKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphane Chemical compound PP VURFVHCLMJOLKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BJQWBACJIAKDTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylphosphanium Chemical compound CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC BJQWBACJIAKDTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DTIFFPXSSXFQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahexylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCC[N+](CCCCCC)(CCCCCC)CCCCCC DTIFFPXSSXFQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GRAKJTASWCEOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridodecylphosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCP(CCCCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCCCC GRAKJTASWCEOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YWWDBCBWQNCYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylphosphine Chemical compound CP(C)C YWWDBCBWQNCYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L tungstic acid Chemical compound O[W](O)(=O)=O CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZWAJLVLEBYIOTI-OLQVQODUSA-N (1s,6r)-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane Chemical compound C1CCC[C@@H]2O[C@@H]21 ZWAJLVLEBYIOTI-OLQVQODUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBACIKXCRWGCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Epoxybutane Chemical compound CCC1CO1 RBACIKXCRWGCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQNOPVSQPBUJKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroperoxyethylbenzene Chemical compound OOC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 GQNOPVSQPBUJKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCXYSOJHICBBAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phosphanylpropan-2-ylphosphane Chemical compound CC(P)CP DCXYSOJHICBBAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZYHXKLKJRGJGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trifluoro-n,n-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N([Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)C(F)(F)F RZYHXKLKJRGJGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GELKGHVAFRCJNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-Dimethyloxirane Chemical compound CC1(C)CO1 GELKGHVAFRCJNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQXKWPLDPFFDJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethyloxirane Chemical compound CC1OC1C PQXKWPLDPFFDJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWLUMTFWVZZZND-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibenzylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CNCC1=CC=CC=C1 BWLUMTFWVZZZND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005526 G1 to G0 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010057081 Merozoite Surface Protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-O Methylammonium ion Chemical compound [NH3+]C BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- XCOBLONWWXQEBS-KPKJPENVSA-N N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O\C(C(F)(F)F)=N\[Si](C)(C)C XCOBLONWWXQEBS-KPKJPENVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical group [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene oxide Chemical compound C1OC1C1=CC=CC=C1 AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical group [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUEDNLCYHKSELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsonium Chemical compound [AsH4+] VUEDNLCYHKSELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-O benzylaminium Chemical compound [NH3+]CC1=CC=CC=C1 WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- RQBJDYBQTYEVEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylphosphane Chemical compound PCC1=CC=CC=C1 RQBJDYBQTYEVEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUNCEDRRUNZACO-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(trimethyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](C)(C)C IUNCEDRRUNZACO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YQPAAVMEUPILEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(trimethyl)phosphanium Chemical compound CCCC[P+](C)(C)C YQPAAVMEUPILEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLIJPAHLBJIQHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylphosphane Chemical compound CCCCP DLIJPAHLBJIQHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNWNZRZGKVWORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxido(dioxo)vanadium Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][V](=O)=O.[O-][V](=O)=O DNWNZRZGKVWORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940023913 cation exchange resins Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SBWJERDWKYNUFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzylphosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CPCC1=CC=CC=C1 SBWJERDWKYNUFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-O dibutylazanium Chemical compound CCCC[NH2+]CCCC JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- SUSSXDBTFSYFJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N didodecylphosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCPCCCCCCCCCCCC SUSSXDBTFSYFJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-O diethylammonium Chemical compound CC[NH2+]CC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- VZZJVOCVAZHETD-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylphosphane Chemical compound CCPCC VZZJVOCVAZHETD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YOTZYFSGUCFUKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylphosphine Chemical compound CPC YOTZYFSGUCFUKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HKUFIYBZNQSHQS-UHFFFAOYSA-O dioctadecylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[NH2+]CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC HKUFIYBZNQSHQS-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- DHBOXTOKYLNYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctadecylphosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCPCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DHBOXTOKYLNYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPAYUJZHTULNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-O diphenylphosphanium Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[PH2+]C1=CC=CC=C1 GPAYUJZHTULNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- AAQNGTNRWPXMPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium;dioxido(dioxo)tungsten Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O AAQNGTNRWPXMPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-O dodecylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[NH3+] JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- AAKDVDDBABPPKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylphosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCP AAKDVDDBABPPKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006735 epoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- AVIYEYCFMVPYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,3-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)CCO AVIYEYCFMVPYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYVHOGDBFNJNMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCCCCC JYVHOGDBFNJNMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000887 hydrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron;octadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[NH3+] REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000002432 hydroperoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013383 initial experiment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SAWKFRBJGLMMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylphosphine Chemical compound PC SAWKFRBJGLMMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- KMPZCBWYGBGUPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum;hydrate Chemical class O.[Mo] KMPZCBWYGBGUPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLAPMBHFAWRUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-L molybdic acid Chemical compound O[Mo](O)(=O)=O VLAPMBHFAWRUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BUHHOHWMNZQMTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dioctadecyloctadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC BUHHOHWMNZQMTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MJCJUDJQDGGKOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-dodecyldodecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCCCCCC MJCJUDJQDGGKOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LYFSPQWNZMXDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecylphosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCP LYFSPQWNZMXDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002892 organic cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RPGWZZNNEUHDAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-O phenylphosphanium Chemical compound [PH3+]C1=CC=CC=C1 RPGWZZNNEUHDAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009420 retrofitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009291 secondary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011684 sodium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015393 sodium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium molybdate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tungstate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium Chemical compound [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OSWMMVUHYHQYCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabenzylazanium Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C[N+](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)(CC=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 OSWMMVUHYHQYCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBCUXVQZGCKZET-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabenzylphosphanium Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C[P+](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)(CC=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 SBCUXVQZGCKZET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOBBAWATEUXIQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradodecylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](CCCCCCCCCCCC)(CCCCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCCCC UOBBAWATEUXIQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IDPHCYBLJHMWAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradodecylphosphanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[P+](CCCCCCCCCCCC)(CCCCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCCCC IDPHCYBLJHMWAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZWHXXNVLACKBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylphosphanium Chemical compound CC[P+](CC)(CC)CC SZWHXXNVLACKBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHZQPZCBHKCIEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)azanium Chemical compound CC(C)C[N+](CC(C)C)(CC(C)C)CC(C)C MHZQPZCBHKCIEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMYCBOLFQFMGRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)phosphanium Chemical compound CC(C)C[P+](CC(C)C)(CC(C)C)CC(C)C SMYCBOLFQFMGRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDFYFBUWEBINLX-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[N+](C)(C)C DDFYFBUWEBINLX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RXMRGBVLCSYIBO-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C[N+](C)(C)C RXMRGBVLCSYIBO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BXYHVFRRNNWPMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylphosphanium Chemical compound C[P+](C)(C)C BXYHVFRRNNWPMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KNANANSBRPCBAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraoctadecylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC KNANANSBRPCBAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWXDLFXRIPTPKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraoctadecylphosphanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[P+](CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC BWXDLFXRIPTPKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZMILNXHOAKSBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphenylazanium Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[N+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 CZMILNXHOAKSBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USFPINLPPFWTJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphenylphosphonium Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 USFPINLPPFWTJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Th]=O ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IFXORIIYQORRMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tribenzylphosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CP(CC=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IFXORIIYQORRMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWZDQOUHBYYPJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridodecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN(CCCCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCCCC SWZDQOUHBYYPJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-O triethylammonium ion Chemical compound CC[NH+](CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- RXJKFRMDXUJTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-O triethylphosphanium Chemical compound CC[PH+](CC)CC RXJKFRMDXUJTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWWDBCBWQNCYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-O trimethylphosphanium Chemical compound C[PH+](C)C YWWDBCBWQNCYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-O triphenylazanium Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[NH+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-O triphenylphosphanium Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[PH+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003658 tungsten compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003799 water insoluble solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/09—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrolysis
- C07C29/10—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrolysis of ethers, including cyclic ethers, e.g. oxiranes
- C07C29/103—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrolysis of ethers, including cyclic ethers, e.g. oxiranes of cyclic ethers
- C07C29/106—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrolysis of ethers, including cyclic ethers, e.g. oxiranes of cyclic ethers of oxiranes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/09—Geometrical isomers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
- C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
- C07C2601/14—The ring being saturated
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Description
ãçºæã®è©³çŽ°ãªèª¬æã
æ¬çºæã¯ãéžæçãé«ãã解é¢å¯èœãªã¡ã¿ã©ãŒ
ãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªãçšããŠãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãª
ã³ãŒã«åã³æ°Žããã¢ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã補
é ããæ¹æ³ã«é¢ãããæ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããã¢ã
ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãé«ãéžæçã§è£œé ããã
ãšãå¯èœãšãªããæ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã§ã¯ãæ°Žçžãšãæ°Ž
çžã®æ¿åºŠããé«æ¿åºŠã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ãæ
ããæ°Žäžæ··åæ§ã®æ¶²çžãšãå«ã溶åªãçšãããæ¬
çºæã®æ¹æ³ã§ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«çæç©å
ã³æ°Žããã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã®ååã容æã§
ããç¹ãæå©ã§ããããã®åé¢ã¯ãäŸãã°ãçžå
é¢ã«ãã€ãŠè¡ãªãããããã«ãã€ãŠã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°
ãªã³ãŒã«ã®è£œé ã«ãããã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã®
å©çšã®å·¥æ¥ç䟡å€ãé«ããããã çºæã®èæ¯ïŒã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã®æŠèŠïŒ ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãäŸãã°ããšãã¬ã³ã°ãª
ã³ãŒã«ããããã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«åã³ããã¬ã³ã°ãª
ã³ãŒã«ã®å·¥æ¥ç補æ³ã«ã¯ã倧éå°ã¢ã«ã®æ°Žã®ååš
äžã§å¯Ÿå¿ããã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã液çžæ°Žåãã
æ¹æ³ããããäŸãã°ãã«ãŒã¯ã»ãªã¹ããŒïŒKirk
âOthmerïŒã®ãšã³ãµã€ã¯ãããã€ã¢ã»ãªãã»ã±
ãã«ã«ã»ãã¯ãããžãŒïŒEncyclopedia of
Chemical TechnclogyïŒã第ïŒå·»ã第ïŒçã939
ããŒãžïŒ1980幎ïŒãåç §ãããããã®å æ°Žå解å
å¿ã¯ãå žåçã«ã¯çŽ100âä¹è³çŽ200âã®ãããªäž
æž©ã§è¡ãªããæ°Žã¯ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãïŒã¢ã«ã«ã€
ã15ã¢ã«ã®éå°éã§åå¿åž¯åã«å ããŠãããå æ°Ž
å解åå¿ã®äž»ãªå¯çæç©ã¯ãžãŒåã³ããªã°ãªã³ãŒ
ã«ãäŸãã°ããžã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãããªã¢ã«
ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«åã³ããã©ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒ
ã«ã§ããããããã®ãžãŒåã³ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãª
ã³ãŒã«ã®çæã¯ãäž»ãšããŠã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããš
ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãšã®åå¿ã«ãããã®ãšèã
ãããŠãããã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã¯ãäžè¬ã«æ°Žãš
ãããã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãšã®æ¹ãããåå¿æ§
ã§ããã®ã§ãæ°Žãšåå¿ãããããšæå³ããŠã¢ãã°
ãªã³ãŒã«çæç©ã«å¯Ÿããåæ¥çæ¡ç®æ§ã確ä¿ãã
ããã«ã¯ã倧éå°ã®æ°Žã䜿çšããã ãã®ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¯å æ°Žå解ã®åå¿æ··
åç©ããååããªããã°ãªããªãã®ã§ã倧éå°é
ã®æ°Žã«åž°å ããŠãšãã«ã®ãŒæ¶è²»åã®æ¹æ³ãçã¿åº
ãæãããããå žåçã«ã¯ãèžçºã«ãã€ãŠæ°Žãé€
å»ããŠã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãå«ãæ®æž£ãæ®ãã
ãããèžçã«ãã€ãŠç²Ÿè£œãããåŸã€ãŠãã¢ãã°ãª
ã³ãŒã«çæç©ã«å¯Ÿããéžæçãä¿æãåã¯é«ãã€
ã€ã䜿çšããæ°Žã®éã®äœæžãå³ãããšãããšãã«
ã®ãŒå¹çã®èŠ³ç¹ããæå©ã§ããã ãã®å æ°Žå解åå¿ã¯è§Šåªãªãã«é²è¡ããããé ž
åã¯å¡©åºã®ååšã«ããåå¿é床ãé«ããããã
ããé žåã³å¡©åºè§Šåªã«ã¯æ¬ ç¹ããããäŸãã°ãå¡©
åºè§Šåªã¯äžè¬ã«ã¢ãã°ãªã³ãŒã«çæç©ã®çæã«å¯Ÿ
ããŠéžææ§ããªãããŸãé žè§Šåªã«ã¯å žåçã«ã¯è
é£ã®åé¡ãã€ããŸãšããåŸã€ãŠãå·¥æ¥çæ¹æ³ã§ã¯
å žåçã«ã¯æ¯èŒçäžæ§ã®å æ°Žå解æ¡ä»¶ïŒäŸãã°PH
ïŒã10ïŒãçšããŠããã ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã®æ°Žåã«äœ¿çšããããã«æ
瀺ãããå€ãã®é žè§Šåªã®ãã¡ä»£è¡šçãªãã®ã«ã¯ã
ããçŽ åã¢ã«ãã«ã¹ã«ãã³é žã€ãªã³äº€ææš¹è
ïŒ1979幎ïŒæ21æ¥çºè¡ã®ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4165440å·æ现
æžïŒïŒã«ã«ããã·ã«é žåã³ããã²ã³é žïŒ1978幎ïŒ
æïŒæ¥çºè¡ã®ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4112054å·æ现æžïŒïŒåŒ·é ž
ã«ããªã³äº€ææš¹èïŒ1978幎ïŒæ15æ¥çºè¡ã®ç±³åœç¹
蚱第4107221å·æ现æžïŒïŒèèªæã¢ãâåã³ïŒåã¯
ããªã«ã«ããã·ã«é žïŒ1976幎ïŒæ20æ¥çºè¡ã®ç±³åœ
ç¹èš±ç¬¬3933923å·æ现æžïŒïŒã«ããªã³äº€ææš¹è
ïŒ1962幎11æïŒæ¥çºè¡ã®ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3062889å·æ现
æžïŒïŒé žæ§ãŒãªã©ã€ãïŒ1962幎ïŒæïŒæ¥çºè¡ã®ç±³
åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3028434å·æ现æžïŒïŒäºé žåç¡«é»ïŒ1957幎
ïŒæ24æ¥çºè¡ã®ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2807651å·æ现æžïŒïŒã
ãªããã²ã³é ¢é žïŒ1949幎ïŒæïŒæ¥çºè¡ã®ç±³åœç¹èš±
第2472417å·æ现æžïŒïŒåã³é ãå©è§Šåªãšãããªã³
é žã¢ã«ãããŠã ïŒ1977幎ïŒæ29æ¥çºè¡ã®ç±³åœç¹èš±
第4014945å·æ现æžïŒãå«ãŸããã ãããã®é žè§Šåªã«å ããŠãäºé žåççŽ ã®ååšäž
ã«ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããæ°Žåããããã®å€ãã®è§Š
åªãæ瀺ãããŠããããããã«ã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã
ã©ã€ããäŸãã°ãå¡©åç©ãèåç©åã³ãšãŠåç©ïŒ
第ïŒçŽã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãã©ã€ããäŸãã°ãããã©ã¡
ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãšãŒãžãåã³ããã©ã¡ãã«ã¢ã³
ã¢ããŠã ããããïŒè±åœç¹èš±ç¬¬1177877å·æ现
æžïŒïŒææ©ç¬¬ïŒã¢ãã³ãäŸãã°ãããªãšãã«ã¢ã
ã³åã³ããªãžã³ïŒ1976幎10æ14æ¥å ¬éã®ãã€ãç¹
èš±å ¬é第2615595å·åã³1981幎12æ22æ¥çºè¡ã®ç±³
åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4307256å·æ现æžïŒïŒç¬¬ïŒçŽãã¹ãããŠã
å¡©ïŒ1979幎ïŒæïŒæ¥çºè¡ã®ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4160116å·
æ现æžïŒïŒå¡©çŽ åã³ãšãŠçŽ åã¢ããªã³äº€ææš¹è
ïŒæå57幎ïŒæ27æ¥å ¬éã®æ¥æ¬ç¹èš±ç¹éæ57â
139026å·å ¬å ±ïŒïŒéšåçã«ã¢ãã³äžåããã¹ã«ã
ã³é žè§ŠåªãäŸãã°éšåçã«ã¢ãã³äžåããã¹ã«ã
ã³é žæš¹èïŒ1983幎ïŒæ12æ¥çºè¡ã®ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
4393254å·æ现æžïŒãå«ãŸããã éå±é žåç©ãå«ãçš®ã ã®éå±å«æååç©ãã¢ã«
ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã®å æ°Žå解çšè§ŠåªãšãŠææ¡ãããŠ
ãããäŸãã°ã1938幎12æ27æ¥çºè¡ã®ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
2141443å·æ现æžã«ã¯ãè±æ°Žæ§éå±é žåç©ãäŸã
ã°ãã¢ã«ãããããªã¢ïŒåã¯ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³ããã¿
ã³ããããžãŠã ãã¢ãªããã³åã¯ãžã«ã³ããŠã ã®
é žåç©ã®ååšäžã«ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããšæ°Žãåå¿
ãããŠã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã補é ããããšãé瀺ãããŠã
ãããã®åå¿ã¯ã液çžã§ããã€ãã®æ¶²çžãä¿ã€ã®
ã«é©ãã枩床åã³å§åã®æ¡ä»¶ã®ããšã§è¡ãªããã
ã®ç¹èš±æš©è ã¯ãäŸïŒã«ãããŠãã·ãªã³ã³ãšã¹ã
ã«ãã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«åã³æ°Žã®æ··åç©ãšæ··åããç¶ããŠ
觊åªã也ç¥ããããšã«ãããé»è²ã®ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³
é žè§Šåªãæ©æ¢°çã«ããå®å®åããããšãé瀺ããŠ
ãããåããã1957幎ïŒæ24æ¥çºè¡ã®ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
2807651å·æ现æžã«ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããšæ°Ž
ã®åå¿ãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±å¡©åºãã¢ã«ã³ã©ãŒãïŒãã¿
ã³ãã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³åã³ããªãŠã ã®é žåç©ã®è§Šåªäœ
çšãåããããšã¯å ¬ç¥ã§ãããšèšèŒãããŠããã ãããžãŠã ãã¢ãªããã³ãã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³ããã¿
ã³ãã¯ãã ããžã«ã³ããŠã ãã¿ã³ã¿ã«ãã¬ããŠ
ã ãåã³ããªãã®ãããªå€ãã®éå±ã¯ãαâãªã¬
ãã€ã³ã®ïŒïŒïŒâãšããã·ãåã³ææ©éé žåç©ã
補é ããããã®è§ŠåªæåãšããŠææ¡ãããŠããã
ãããã®è§Šåªã¯ã次ã®å æ°Žå解ã®éã«ãååšãã
ãŠããããšããããäŸãã°ã1969幎10æ28æ¥çºè¡
ã®ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3475499å·æ现æžã®äŸïŒåã³äŸïŒã«
ã¯ãã¢ãªããã³ããã¿ããŒã觊åªã®ååšäžã«ã11
ä¹è³15ççŽ ååãå«ãïœâαâãªã¬ãã€ã³ããšã
ã«ãã³ãŒã³ããããã«ãªãã·ãã§ãšããã·åãã
ããšãé瀺ãããŠãããèžçåŸãïŒïŒïŒâãšãã
ã·ãåã³ã¢ãªããã³å«æ觊åªãå«ãæ®æ¶²ãã0.5
ïŒ ã®æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã ãå«ãæ°Žãš90âã®æž©åºŠã§æ¥
觊ããããåå¿çæç©ãèžçãããšãïŒïŒïŒâãš
ããã·ãã®è»¢åçã¯100ïŒ ã§ããããããŠïŒïŒïŒ
âã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãžã®éžæçã¯94ïŒ ã§ãããšå ±åããŠ
ããã ããæè¿ã«ã¯ã1981幎ïŒæïŒæ¥çºè¡ã®ç±³åœç¹èš±
第4277632å·æ现æžã«ãã¢ãªããã³åã³ã¿ã³ã°ã¹
ãã³ãããªã矀ããéžãã å°ãªããšãïŒçš®ã®è§Šåª
ã®ååšäžã«ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã®å æ°Žå解ã§ã¢
ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã補é ããæ¹æ³ãé瀺ãããŠ
ããããã®ç¹èš±ã§ã¯ã觊åªã¯ãéå±ã¢ãªããã³å
ã¯éå±ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³ããããã¯ãããã®ç¡æ©åã¯
ææ©ååç©ãäŸãã°ãé žåç©ãé žããã©ã€ãããª
ã³ååç©ãããªé žãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±åã³ã¢ã«ã«ãªå
éå±å¡©ãé žåã³ããªé žã®ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã å¡©åã³éé
å±å¡©ãåã³ææ©é žå¡©ã§ãããšé瀺ããŠãããé瀺
ãããæ¹æ³ã®ç®çã¯ãååŠéè«å€ã®çŽïŒä¹è³ïŒå
ã®æ°Žãååšããå Žåã«ãããªã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã®ãããª
å¯çæç©ãå€å°ãšãçæãããã«ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªã
ã·ããå æ°Žå解ããããšã«ãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠãããã
ã®åå¿ã¯äºé žåççŽ ã®ååšäžã«è¡ãªã€ãŠããã
ããçªçŽ ã空æ°çãååšãããŠåå¿ãè¡ãªãå Ž
åãåå¿æ··åç©ã®PHãïŒä¹è³10ã®ç¯å²ã«èª¿ç¯ãã
å¿ èŠããããšç¹èš±æš©è ã¯ææããŠãããæå54幎
10æïŒæ¥å ¬éã®ç¹éæ54â128507å·å ¬å ±ã«ã¯ãé
å±ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³åã³ïŒåã¯ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³ååç©ã
çšããŠã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãåã³æ°Žããã¢ã«ãã¬ã³
ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã補é ããæ¹æ³ãé瀺ãããŠããã æå56幎ïŒæ17æ¥å ¬éã®ç¹éæ56â73035å·å ¬
å ±ã«ã¯ããã¿ã³ããžã«ã³ããŠã ããããžãŠã ãã
ãªããã¿ã³ã¿ã«åã³ã¯ãã ã®çŸ€ããéžãã å°ãªã
ãšãïŒçš®ã®å çŽ ãå«ãååç©ãããªã觊åªã®ååš
äžãäºé žåççŽ ã®é°å²æ°ã®ããšã«ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªã
ã·ããå æ°Žå解ããæ¹æ³ãé瀺ãããŠããããã
ãã®ååç©ã«ã¯ãé žåç©ãç¡«åç©ãé žããã©ã€
ãããªã³ååç©ãããªé žãé žåã³ããªé žã®ã¢ã«ã«
ãªéå±å¡©ãé žåã³ããªé žã®ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã å¡©ãåã³
é žã®ééå±å¡©ãå«ãŸããã æå56幎ïŒæ17æ¥å ¬éã®ç¹éæ56â73036å·å ¬
å ±ã«ã¯ãã¢ã«ãããŠã ãã±ã€çŽ ãã²ã«ãããŠã ã
ã¹ãºãéãéãã³ãã«ãåã³ããã±ã«ãå«ã矀ã
ãéžãã å°ãªããšãïŒçš®ã®å çŽ ãå«æããååç©
ãããªã觊åªã®ååšäžãäºé žåççŽ ã®é°å²æ°ã®ã
ãšã«ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããå æ°Žå解ããæ¹æ³ãé
瀺ãããŠããã æå56幎ïŒæ25æ¥å ¬éã®ç¹éæ56â92228å·å ¬
å ±ã«ã¯ãé«çŽåºŠã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã®è£œæ³ã«é¢
ãããã®ã§ããããã®é瀺ã®å 容ã¯ãäºé žåççŽ
ã®ååšäžã«ãããã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã®å æ°Žå解
å·¥çšããã¢ãªããã³åã³ïŒåã¯ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³å«æ
觊åªãååããããã®èžçæ³ã«é¢ããããã®åºé¡
ã§ã¯ã觊åªã¯ã¢ãªããã³åã³ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³ãããª
ã矀ããéžãã å°ãªããšãïŒçš®ã®ååç©ã§ãã€
ãŠããã®ååç©ã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã®ååç©ãã¢ã«ã«
ãªåéå±ã®ååç©ã第ïŒçŽã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã å¡©åã³ç¬¬
ïŒçŽãã¹ãããŠã å¡©ãããªã矀ããéžãã å°ãªã
ãšãïŒçš®ã®æ·»å å€ãšçµåããŠãããã奜ãŸãã觊
åªã¯ãã¢ãªããã³é žãã¢ãªããã³é žãããªãŠã ã
ã¢ãªããã³é žã«ãªãŠã ãã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³é žãã¿ã³ã°
ã¹ãã³é žãããªãŠã åã³ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³é žã«ãªãŠã
ã§ãããšèšèŒãããŠãããäŸäžã§çšããããŠãã
å¯äžã®æ·»å å€ã¯ãšãŠåãããªãŠã ã§ããã ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4551556å·æ现æžã«ã¯ã氎溶æ§ã®ã
ãããŒãã®ååšäžãvicâã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããš
æ°Žãšã®åå¿ã«ãããé«ãéžæçã§ã®ã¢ãã¢ã«ãã¬
ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã®è£œé ã«ã€ããŠé瀺ãããŠãããåŸ
ã€ãŠãã¢ãã°ãªã³ãŒã«çæç©ãžã®åªããéžæçã
æããé瀺ã®æ¹æ³ãçšããŠãäœãæ°ŽïŒã¢ã«ãã¬ã³
ãªãã·ãæ¯ãæ¡çšã§ãããããããŒãã«å¯Ÿããã«
ãŠã³ã¿ãŒã»ã€ãªã³ãéžãã§ãçšããåå¿æ¡ä»¶äžã§
氎溶æ§ã®ããããŒãå¡©ãšããããããã§ã¯ã¢ã«ã«
ãªéå±ãã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ã第ïŒçŽã¢ã³ã¢ããŠ
ã ãã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãé ãäºéãåã³éããã®ã«ã
ãªã³ã§ããããšã瀺åãããŠããããŸãããã®ã
ãããŒãã¯åå¿ç³»ã«å¡©ã®åœ¢ã§ãåã¯ã·ãªã¢ãã¢ã«
ããããŒãªã©ã€ãåã³ç²åã®ãããªæ äœäžã§å°å ¥
ããŠããããšãé瀺ãããŠããããã®ããããŒã
ã€ãªã³ã¯æ°Žæº¶æ§ã§ããã®ã§ãåå¿ç³»ãã倱ããã
å¯èœæ§ãããããããŠãã®ããšã¯åå¿åž¯åã®æµåº
液ãããã®ã€ãªã³ãååããæ段ãè¬ããªããã°
ãªããªãããšãæå³ããŠããã äŸãã°ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4277632å·æ现æžåã³ç¹é
æ54â128507å·ãç¹éæ56â73035å·ãç¹éæ56
â73036å·ãåã³ç¹éæ56â92228å·ã®åå ¬å ±ã«ç¹
ã«äŸç€ºãããæ¹æ³ã§ã¯ã觊åªãæããã«è§£é¢ããŠ
ããåäžçžã®åå¿æº¶åªã䜿çšããŠãããåžå Žã«é
çšããå質ãæããã¢ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã
ç¹ã«ããªãšã¹ãã«çšã®å質ã®ãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«
ãšããããã䞊ã³ã«å·¥æ¥çã«æç«ã€æ¹æ³ãšããã
ãã«ã觊åªã補é å·¥çšã«å䜿çšããåŸãã«é©ãã
圢æ ã§ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«çæç©ããåé¢ã
ãªããã°ãªããªãããããŸã§ãããçš®ã®ãã®ãã
ãªè§Šåªã®ååã«åå¥èžçæ³ãææ¡ãããŠæ¥ããã
ããããã®ãããªèžçã®éã«ããã觊åªã®å®å®æ§
ã«ã¯ç¹ã«åé¡ç¹ãææãããŠæ¥ããç¹éæ56â
92228å·åã³ç¹éæ56â118024å·å ¬å ±ïŒæå56幎
ïŒæ16æ¥å ¬éïŒã«ã¯ãã¢ãªããã³å«æ觊åªãèžç
ã«ããååããéã«ãã¢ãªããã³æ°Žåç©ãçããŠ
æ²æ®¿ãããã®ããåŠçäžã®å°é£æ§ãå¢ãããã€è§Š
åªã®æŽ»æ§ãäœäžãããæããããããšãé瀺ãã
ãŠãããããã«ãèžçå¡ã®PHãã¢ã«ã«ãªæ§ã«ãã
ãããŠã¢ãªããã³å«æ觊åªã®éå ã«ãã€ãŠãšãã¬
ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãé žåããããããããäž¡è ã«ãã
ã°ãªã³ãŒã«çæç©ã®å質ã¯æªåœ±é¿ãåããããã
ãã®é瀺å 容ã¯ãç¹ã«è§Šåªãå®å®åããç®çã§é
æ®ã«æ°Žã®æ·»å ãããªãããã®ã§ããã åŸã€ãŠãã°ãªã³ãŒã«çæç©ãããé«æ²žç¹ã®è§Šåª
ããèžæ°ãšããŠåé¢ããªããã°ãªããªãã®ã§ãå
å¥èžçã«ãã觊åªã®ååã¯åã«ãšãã«ã®ãŒæ¶è²»ã®
åé¡ãçããã ãã§ãªãã觊åªãäžå®å®ã«ããã
ããŠã°ãªã³ãŒã«çæç©ã®å質ã«åœ±é¿ãåãŒãã ã¢ãŒã«ã»ãã€ã»ãã¹ãïŒR.D.BestïŒããžãšãŒã»
ãšã€ã»ã³ãªã¢ãŒïŒJ.A.CollierïŒãããŒã»ãã€ãŒã»
ããŒã³ïŒB.T.KeenïŒåã³ãžãšãŒã»ãšã€ãã»ãã
ãœã³ïŒJ.H.RobsonïŒã®å°æ¹Ÿç¹èš±ç¬¬27502å·æ现æž
ã¯ãåºäœæ äœäžã«ããéœæ§ã®é¯äœçæéšäœãšé£æº
ããŠéžæçãé«ããã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã®ååš
äžã«ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããå æ°Žå解ããæ¹æ³ã«
é¢ãããã®ã§ããã容æã«å©çšå¯èœãªåºäœã«ã¯ã¢
ããªã³äº€ææš¹èãããã çºæã®æŠèŠ æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãïŒçš®ã®æ¶²çžãå«ãåå¿è§Šåªäž
ã§ãéžæçãé«ãã解é¢å¯èœãªã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ã
ãªã³å«æç©è³ªãçšããŠãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãåã³
æ°Žããã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã補é ããæ¹æ³ã«é¢
ããããã®åå¿è§Šåªäžã«ã¯ãæ°Žçžåã³æ°Žäžæ··åæ§
ã®æ¶²çžããã€ãŠãæ°Žäžæ··åæ§ã®çžã«ãããã¡ã¿ã©
ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªã®æ¿åºŠã¯æ°Žçžã«ãããæ¿
床ãããé«ããã®ã§ãããæ¬è³ªçã«ãã¹ãŠã®ã¡ã¿
ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªãæ°Žäžæ··åçžå ã«ãã
ããšã奜ãŸããã ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªãéæ°Žæ§ã®çžå
ã«ãã€ãŠããã¢ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã«å¯Ÿãã
é«ãéžæçã確ä¿ã§ããããšãèŠãã ãããã¡ã¿
ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªãæ°Žäžæ··åçžå ã«ãã
ã®ã§ãæ°Žçžã«å¯æº¶ãªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«çæç©
ããã®äžèšç©è³ªã®ååã¯å®¹æã§ããããããŠã¡ã¿
ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³åã¯ã°ãªã³ãŒã«çæç©ã®å質ã«
é床ãªæªåœ±é¿ãåãŒããªãæ¡ä»¶ã®ããšã§å®¹æã«è¡
ãªãåŸãç¹ãæå©ã§ããã åŸã€ãŠãæ¬çºæã¯ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã®æŽ»
æ§åã¯ã°ãªã³ãŒã«çæç©ã®å質ãæãªããã«ãã¡
ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªã容æã«ååããã
ã¢ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã®çæã«å¯Ÿããé«ãéž
æçã§ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã補é ããæ¹æ³ãæ
äŸãããã®ã§ãããããã«ãæ¬çºæã§ã¯ãã¢ãªã
ããŒãåã¯ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ããŒããããã¯ããã«äžå®å®
ãªããããŒãã®ãããªã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã䜿
çšãåŸãã æ¬çºæã®æ æ§ã«ãããŠã¯ãæ°Žã®ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªã
ã·ãã«å¯Ÿããã¢ã«æ¯ããæ £çšã®æ¹æ³ã§çšããŠãã
ã¢ã«æ¯ããå®è³ªçã«äœæžããããšãã§ããããã«
ãã€ãŠæ°Žçžããã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããååããé
ã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒæ¶è²»ã®ç¯æžãå³ãåŸããããã«ã䜿
çšããæ°Žã®éãæžãã«ãæãããæ°Žäžæ··åçžãä»
éçç±å®¹éãäžããã®ã§ãçºç±çå æ°Žå解ã®éã«
åå¿åž¯åå ã«é床ã®æž©åºŠã¯çºçããããšã¯ãªãã
åŸã€ãŠãæ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãæ¢åã®æ £çšçãªã¢ã«ã
ã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«è£œé è£ çœ®ãžã®æ°ããéšåãçµã¿èŸŒ
ãã æ¹é ãæ¹è¯ïŒã¬ãããã€ããå©çšïŒretrofit
applicationsïŒãå«ããŠãäžè²«ããå æ°Žå解ã®æ
äœãè¡ãªãããã®èšèšäžã®é©å¿æ§ãããªãããã åå¿å€ã«é¢ããæ€èš æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã§ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã補é ã
ãã®ã«çšããã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã¯ãäžèšã®äžè¬
åŒãæããvicâã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã§ããïŒ ãåã ïŒããã«ãR1ïŒR2ïŒR3åã³R4ã¯åäžã§ããã
åã¯ç°ãªãããããŠæ°ŽçŽ ãåã¯ïŒä¹è³çŽ20ççŽ å
åã®ãããã«ã«ãã«ãå«ã眮æåºã§ããïŒã 屡ã ãR1ïŒR2ïŒR3åã³R4ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ãïŒä¹è³çŽ10
ççŽ ãæããã¢ã«ãã«ãçŽ12ççŽ ãŸã§ãæããå
ç°åã¯ïŒç°ã¢ãªãŒã«ãïŒä¹è³10ççŽ ãæããã¢ã«
ã«ãªãŒã«ãïŒä¹è³çŽ15ççŽ ãæããåç°åã¯ïŒç°
ã¢ã©ã«ãã«ãïŒä¹è³35ççŽ ãæããã¢ã«ã±ãã«ã
ïŒä¹è³çŽïŒççŽ ãæããã·ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã«ãåã³
R1ïŒR2ãR3åã³R4ã®ãã¡ã®ïŒåãçµåããïŒä¹
è³çŽïŒççŽ ååãæããç°ç¶æ§é ã§ããã代衚ç
ãªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã«ã¯ããšãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã
ãããã¬ã³ãªãã·ããããã¬ã³ãªãã·ãïŒã€ãœã
ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããïŒïŒïŒâããã¬ã³ãªãã·ãåã³
ïŒïŒïŒâããã¬ã³ãªãã·ããå«ãïŒããã³ãã¬ã³
ãªãã·ããã¹ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããã·ã¯ãããã»ã³ãª
ãã·ãçããããã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã¯ãïŒåã¯
ïŒççŽ ååãæããèèªæã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã
å³ã¡ããšãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãåã³ãããã¬ã³ãªãã·ã
ã§ããããšã奜ãŸããã ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã¯ãã®è£œæ³åæ§ããç¥ãã
ãŠãããäŸãã°ããªã¬ãã€ã³ãšææ©ããããã«ãª
ãã·ããšã觊åªã®ååšäžã«åå¿ãããããšã«ã
ããåã¯é觊åªã®ååšäžã«ã¢ã«ã±ã³ãååç¶é žçŽ
å«æã¬ã¹ã§éšåçã«é žåããããšã«ãã€ãŠè£œé ã§
ããã ïŒæ¶²äœåã¯æ°Žèžæ°ãšããŠã®ïŒæ°Žã察å¿ããã¢ã«
ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã補é ããããã®åå¿å€ãšããŠ
çšãããéåžžããã®æ°Žã¯é©åœãªå質ã®ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³
ã°ãªã³ãŒã«çæç©ãçæããã«è¶³ãçŽåºŠã®ãã®ã§
ããã液ç¶ã®æ°Žã¯èžçãããåã¯ãäŸãã°ã€ãªã³
亀æåŠçã§è±ã€ãªã³åããã ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã¯ãå°ãªããšãïŒåã®é
å±å çŽ ãšãæ £çšçã«äºéçµåããé žçŽ ååãšãã
ãŠããå°ãªããšãïŒåã®é žçŽ é äœåãšãå«ãã¢ã
ãªã³æ§ã®æ§é ãç¹åŸŽçã«æããã æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã§æçšãªã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³
ã¯ãæ£ã®æ©èœçé žåç¶æ ãå³ã¡ãæãšããŠå°ãªã
ãšãïŒïŒã®é žåç¶æ ãäŸãã°ãïŒïŒä¹è³ïŒïŒåã¯
ïŒïŒãæããå€äŸ¡éå±ãå«ã¿ããããŠé·ç§»éå±ã§
ãã€ãŠãããããããã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã¯
äžèšã®äžè¬åŒã§ç€ºãããšãã§ããïŒ ãïŒïŒ¡ïŒqïŒïŒïŒ¯ïŒãa- ãããã«ãïœâã¯ã¢ããªã³ã®è² ã®é»è·ã§ãã€
ãŠãéåžžãâïŒãšâïŒã®éã§ãããã¯ïŒã®æ®ã
ã®åå䟡ïŒïœïŒãæºããããã®ïŒååã¯ãã以äž
ã®çœ®æåºã§ãåäžãåã¯ç°ãªã€ãŠããŠããããã
ããŠãäŸãã°ãäºéçµåããé žçŽ ïŒææ©ã®åºãäŸ
ãã°ãã¢ã«ãã«ãã¢ã«ã³ãã·ãã¢ã·ã«ãã¢ãªãŒ
ã«ãã¢ããããã¹ãã€ãçã§ãéåžžãïŒä¹è³12ç
çŽ ååãæãããã®ïŒããã²ã³ïŒäŸãã°ãå¡©çŽ ã
ããçŽ ããšãŠçŽ ïŒïŒââåã¯ââïœãã ããé ž
çŽ ååã®æ®ãã®åååã¯çµåããŠããªãã€ãªã³ã®
ç¶æ ã§ããããåã¯éå±ååïŒïŒçš®ã®éå±åã¯å€
çš®ã®éå±ãå«ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã«ããããšåæ§ã§ã
ãïŒåã¯ã«ããªã³ã«çµåããŠããïœãã æãäžè¬çã«ã¯ïŒ¡ã¯ââåã¯ïŒïŒ¯ã§ãããåº
çºç©è³ªã®ãªã«ã¬ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã«ããããââ
以å€ïŒäŸãã°å¡©çŽ ïŒã§ãã€ãŠããããšã®çœ®æåºã
å·¥çšã®éäžã§ââã«çœ®æããããšãå¯èœã§ã
ãã ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã«ãšã€ãŠæã奜ãŸããé
å±ã«ã¯ãåšæåŸè¡šç¬¬ïœåã³ç¬¬ïœæã®éå±ãäŸ
ãã°ããããžãŠã ãã¢ãªããã³åã³ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³
ãå«ãŸããããã¬ããŠã åã³ã²ã«ãããŠã ã®ãã
ãªãã®ä»ã®éå±ãå©çšãåŸããç¹ã«æçšãªä»£è¡šç
ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã«ã¯ãã¢ãªãããŒããã¿ã³
ã°ã¹ããŒããã¡ã¿ããããŒãããã€ãããžãšã³ã»
ããããããŒãåã³ããããããŒããå«ãŸãã
ïŒããããå€ãã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã«äŒŽãå
åŠã¯è€éã§ããã®ã§ãäœçšããååŠçš®ã®æ£ç¢ºãªæ§
é ã¯ç°ãªãããç¥ããªãïŒããã°ãã°ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒ
ãã»ã¢ããªã³ã¯åŒïŒ ãMoO4ã2-ã»ãVO3ã-ã»ãV2O7ã3-ã»ãV2O7ã4
âã»åã³ãWO4ã ã§æ £çšçã«è¡šããããå°ãªããšãïŒåã®ã¢ããªã³
ãå«ãããããããããã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããª
ã³ãç¹ã«ããããŒãã®ååŠã¯è€éã§ããããããŠ
æ¬æ¹æ³ã®æ¡ä»¶ã«ãããæ£ç¢ºãªååŠåŒã¯ç°ãªãããš
ãããåŸãã ãã¹ãŠã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ïŒãããžãŠã ã
ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³åã³ã¢ãªããã³ã®ãã®ãå«ãïŒãã¢
ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããšå ±ã«ææã®æŽ»æ§ãåãããã
ã§ã¯ãªããäŸãã°ãïŒæ·»å ããã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ã
ãªã³ãšããŠã®ïŒãã©ã¢ãªãããŒãåã³ãã©ã¿ã³ã°
ã¹ããŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã¯ããããããšããŠããéžæ
çãé«ãã掻æ§ãã»ãšãã©ç€ºããªãããšãèŠãã
ããã ç°å¢äžã®ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã«ã€ããŠã®ã¢ããª
ã³ã®èŠªæ žæ§åã³èŠªé»åæ§ãåºæºã«ããŠãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒ
ãã»ã¢ããªã³ã«çšããéå±ãéžã¶ããšãæå©ã§ã
ããäŸãã°ãæãšããŠéå±ã¯ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãå ã«ãã
ãŠã¯ããšãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã«é¢ããŠãåäžæ¡ä»¶äžã«
ã¬ããŠã ãã¬ããŒãã¢ããªã³å ã«ãããŠç€ºããã
ã倧ããèŠªæ žæ§ãæããããšããã°ãã°ããããŸ
ããã¡ã¿ã©ãŒããšããŠã®éå±ã¯ããšãã¬ã³ãªãã·
ãã«é¢ããŠããããžãŠã ãïŒãã®ååŠçš®ãšããŠïŒ
ãªã«ãããããŒãå ã«ãããŠç€ºãããã倧ãã芪
é»åæ§ãæããå Žåããã°ãã°ããã ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã«ãããéå±ã®èŠªæ žæ§å
ã³èŠªé»åæ§ã®è¿äŒŒå€ãæ±ããããã®ç¹ã«äŸ¿å©ãªæ¹
æ³ã¯ãå®è³ªçã«åäžã®å æ°Žå解æ¡ä»¶ã®ããšã«ã
ïŒã¢ããªã³ãåºæºã«ããŠïŒçã¢ã«éã®åœè©²ã¡ã¿ã©
ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³åã³åç §ã¢ããªã³ãçšããŠãã¢ã
ãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãçããæ¯çåã³éžæçãæ¯
èŒãããã®ã§ãããç°¡ååããããã«ãã«ããªã³
ããããªãŠã ãšãããã¢ããšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã
çããæ¯çåã³ïŒåã¯éžæçãã¬ããŒãã»ã¢ããª
ã³ã瀺ãå€ä»¥äžã ã€ããšãããšãæããããã®é
å±ã¯ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒããšããŠããšãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã«é¢ã
ãŠã¬ããŒããããèŠªæ žæ§ãå°ããããšã«ãªãããš
ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã®çæçã¯èæ ®ããã«ããžãšãã¬
ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«åã³ããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã®çæ
ããªã«ãããããŒãã®å Žåãããå€ããšãããšã
æããããã®éå±ã¯ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒããšããŠããšãã¬ã³
ãªãã·ãã«é¢ããŠãªã«ãããããŒãããã芪é»å
æ§ãå°ããããšã«ãªãã ãããã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã¯ã«ããªã³ãšäŒ
åãããããŠã«ããªã³ãã解é¢å¯èœã§ããããã
ãã®ã«ããªã³ã¯ãåå¿æ¡ä»¶äžã§æ°Žã«å®è³ªçã«äž
溶ãåã¯ã»ãšãã©æº¶è§£åºŠãæããªãããã¡ã¿ã©ãŒ
ãã»ã¢ããªã³ã¯ã¢ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã«å¯Ÿã
ãé«ãéžæçãåãåŸããããããã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»
ã¢ããªã³ãå åºã«çµåãããããšãææã®æŽ»æ§ã
æããªããªããåŸã€ãŠããããžã³é žã«ã«ã·ãŠã
ã¯ãæ°Žäžã§æº¶è§£åºŠãã»ãšãã©æããããããŠã¡ã¿
ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ãå ãçµåãããŠä¿æããŠãã
ãããã®ååç©ã¯çšãåŸãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãå«æååç©
ã§ã¯ãªãããšãå€æããŠããã æ¬çºæã®äžæ æ§ã«ããã°ãã«ããªã³ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒ
ãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªããæ°Žãšæ¯èŒããŠææ©åªäœ
äžã«åªå çã«å¯æº¶åããŠãããæãšããŠãã¡ã¿ã©
ãŒãå«æç©è³ªã¯ãæå®ã®æ°Žäžæ··åæ§ææ©æº¶åªïŒäŸ
ãã°ãã«ãšã³ïŒäžã«ãããŠãæå®ã®æž©åºŠïŒäŸãã°
25âïŒã§èžçæ°Žäžã«ããããããé«ã溶解床ãæ
ãããããå Žåã«ã¯ã溶解床ä¿æ°ã¯èžçæ°Žäž25â
ã®æº¶è§£åºŠãããå°ãªããšãçŽïŒåãäŸãã°ãå°ãª
ããšãçŽ20åãšãªãã æ¬çºæã®å¥ã®æ æ§ã§ã¯ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãå«æç©è³ªã¯
èžçæ°Žã«å®è³ªçã«äžæº¶ã§ãããå ·äœçã«ã¯çŽ50ïœ
以äžãäŸãã°10ïœä»¥äžã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãå«æç©è³ªã25
âã§æ°ŽïŒäžã«æº¶è§£ãããããçš®ã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãå«
æç©è³ªã¯æ°Žãšäžæ··åæ§ã§ããããããŠãããã®ã¯
åšå²æž©åºŠãäŸãã°25âã§åºäœã§ãããæã¯æ¬çºæ
ã®æ¹æ³ã«é©ãã枩床ãäŸãã°çŽ50°ä¹è³250âã§ã
åºäœã§ããã ç¹ã«æçšãªã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãå«æç©è³ªã¯ææ©ç©ãå«ã
ã«ããªã³ïŒä»¥äžããªã«ã¬ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒããšåŒã¶ïŒã
æãããã®ã§ããã ãããã®ãªã«ã¬ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã¯äžèšã®äžè¬åŒã§
è¡šããããšãã§ããïŒ ïŒ ãïŒROïŒnYoãx+ãLxâ²+ãx-1ãïŒïŒ¡ïŒqïŒãa- ïŒããã«ããïŒROïŒnYoãx+ã¯æ£ã®é»è·ïŒžãæãã
ææ©ç©ãå«ãã«ããªã³ã§ãããã¯å€åå䟡å çŽ
ã§ãã€ãŠãã€ãªã³æ§é»è·ãæ ãäžå¿ã§ãããRO
ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ã§ããããåã¯ãããææ©ç©ãå«ãã«ããª
ã³ããããã«ã«ãã«çœ®æåºãå«ãROãå°ãªããš
ãïŒåæãããšãããšããããã«ã«ãã«å«æ眮æ
åºã§ãããïœã¯ãã¹ãŠã®ROåºã«ã€ããŠïŒ¹ãå ±æ
ããå¹³åã®é»å察æ°ã§ãããïœã¯é»è·ãæ ãäžå¿
ã®æ°ã§ãããïœïŒïœåã³ïœã¯çåŒïŒ ïœïŒïœïŒïŒ¶âïœïŒ ã®é¢ä¿ãæãããããã«ãã¯ïŒ¹ã®å¹³åã®å®èœç
é žåç¶æ ã§ãã€ãŠãROãžã®çµåã«åãçšãã
åé»å察ã«ã€ããŠïŒã®å€ãèãããããŠïŒ¹ã®å®èœ
çé žåç¶æ ã¯ROã«çµåããé»å察ãšïœïŒïœãšã®
åã§ãããïœã¯ïŒä¹è³ïŒã®æŽæ°ã§ãããã¯xâ²ã®
æ£ã®é»è·ãæããã«ããªã³ã§ãã€ãŠãææ©ç©ãå«
ãã«ããªã³ãšåäžã§ãããåã¯ç°ãªã€ãŠãããã
xâ²ã¯éåžžïŒåã¯ïŒã§ãããïœã¯ææ©ç©ãå«ãã«ã
ãªã³ã®æ°ã§ãããïŒä¹è³ïŒã§ãããåŸã€ãŠãã¡ã¿
ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã®è² ã®é»è·ïœã¯ïœïŒãïŒïœâïŒïŒ
ïŒxâ²ïŒãã®éã«çããïŒã ææ©ç©ãå«ãã«ããªã³ã«æçšãªãããã«ã«ãã«
å«æ眮æåºã¯ããã°ãã°å°ãªããšãïŒççŽ ååã
æãããããŠã¢ããªã³ãšåå¿ããªãæ®åºã§ããã«
眮æããŠãããã ã¯ä»»æã®é©åœãªã«ããªã³ã§ããããããŠå Žå
ã«ããããã®ä»ã®ææ©ç©å«æã«ããªã³åã¯éææ©
ç©å«æã«ããªã³ã§ãã€ãŠãã¢ããªã³ã®é»è·ãšè¡¡ã
åããã®ã§ãããã«ã¯ãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ãã¢ã«ã«
ãªåéå±ãé ãäºéãéãã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã«ããª
ã³ããã¹ãããŠã ã«ããªã³ãã¹ã«ãããŠã ã«ããª
ã³ãåã³ãã®ä»ã®ã«ããªã³ïŒææ©ç©ãå«ãã«ããª
ã³ãäŸãã°ãïŒä¹è³çŽ12ççŽ ãæããã¢ã«ãã«ã
ã¢ã«ã³ãã·ãã¢ã·ã«ãã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¢ããããã¹ã
ã€ãçãå«ããã®ïŒãããã é©åœãªã«ããªã³ã«ã¯äžèšã®äžè¬åŒã§è¡šãããã
æ§é ãå«ãŸããïŒ ãåŒãåã¯ãåŒã ãããã«ãã¯çªçŽ ããªã³ããçŽ ïŒäžè¬åŒïŒ¡ã®
å ŽåïŒãåã¯ç¡«é»ïŒäžè¬åŒïŒ¢ã®å ŽåïŒãå³ã¡ãã¢ã³
ã¢ããŠã ããã¹ãããŠã ãã¢ã«ãœããŠã åã³ã¹ã«
ãããŠã ã§ãããR5ïŒR6ïŒR7åã³R8ã¯ãããã
åäžã§ãããåã¯ç°ãªã€ãŠãããããããŠçµåã
ãŠç°ç¶æ§é ã圢æããããšãããïŒã åR5ïŒR6ïŒR7åã³R8ã®äŸãšããŠã¯ãæ°ŽçŽ ãå
ã³ïŒååã¯ãã以äžã®ççŽ ååïŒäŸãã°çŽ70ççŽ
ååãŸã§ïŒãæããé眮æåã³çœ®æãããã«ã«ã
ã«ãããããžãšã€ã»ã¢ãŒã«ã»ããªãã°ã¹ïŒJ.R.
BriggsïŒåã³ãžãšãŒã»ãšã€ãã»ãããœã³ïŒJ.H.
RobsonïŒã®åœéå ¬éçªå·WO85ïŒ04406å ¬å ±ã«
ã¯ã代衚çãªã«ããªã³ãé瀺ãããŠããã æçšãªææ©ç©ãå«ãã«ããªã³ã«ã¯ãäžèšã®äžè¬
åŒã§è¡šãããããã¹ïŒãããã«ã«ãã«ãã¹ãã€
ã³ïŒã€ãããŠã ãå«ãŸããïŒ ãïŒR9 3ïŒ2ã+ ïŒããã«ãR9ã¯ããããåäžã§ãããåã¯ç°
ãªã€ãŠãããããããŠäžèšã®R5ä¹è³8ã«ã€ããŠèš
èŒãããã®ãšåãã§ãã€ãŠãããïŒã ãããã®ã€ãããŠã ã®äŸã¯ãåœéå ¬éçªå·
WO85ïŒ04406å ¬å ±ã«é瀺ãããŠããã ææ©ç©ãå«ãã«ããªã³ã®äŸã«ã¯äžèšã®ååç©ã
ããïŒ ããã©ãããã«ã«ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãäŸãã°ã
ããã©ã¡ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãããã©ãšãã«ã¢ã³ã¢
ããŠã ãããã©âïœâãããã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãã
ãã©âïœâããã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãããã©ã€ãœãã
ã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãããªã¡ãã«ããã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠ
ã ãããã©ãããã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãããã©ããšã
ã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãããã©ãã³ãžã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã
ããã©ããã·ã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãããã©ãªã¯ã¿ãã·
ã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã çïŒããªãããã«ã«ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ã
ãŠã ãäŸãã°ãããªã¡ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãããªãš
ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãããªããšãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã
ããªããã·ã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãããªãªã¯ã¿ãã·ã«ã¢
ã³ã¢ããŠã çïŒãžãããã«ã«ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã
äŸãã°ããžã¡ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ããžãšãã«ã¢ã³ã¢
ããŠã ããžâïœâããã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ããžâïœâ
ãããã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ããžããšãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠ
ã ããžãã³ãžã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ããžããã·ã«ã¢ã³ã¢
ããŠã ããžãªã¯ã¿ãã·ã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã çïŒããã
ã«ã«ãã«ãäŸãã°ãã¡ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãïœâã
ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãããã·ã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ããªã¯
ã¿ãã·ã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãããšãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã
ãã³ãžã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã çïŒããã©ãããã«ã«ãã«
ãã¹ãããŠã ãäŸãã°ãããã©ã¡ãã«ãã¹ãããŠ
ã ãããã©ãšãã«ãã¹ãããŠã ãããã©âïœâã
ããã«ãã¹ãããŠã ãããã©âïœâããã«ãã¹ã
ããŠã ãããã©ã€ãœããã«ãã¹ãããŠã ãããªã¡
ãã«ããã«ãã¹ãããŠã ãããã©ããã«ãã¹ãã
ãŠã ãããã©ããšãã«ãã¹ãããŠã ãããã©ãã³
ãžã«ãã¹ãããŠã ãããã©ããã·ã«ãã¹ãããŠ
ã ãããã©ãªã¯ã¿ãã·ã«ãã¹ãããŠã çïŒããªã
ããã«ã«ãã«ãã¹ãããŠã ãäŸãã°ãããªã¡ãã«
ãã¹ãããŠã ãããªãšãã«ãã¹ãããŠã ãããªã
ãšãã«ãã¹ãããŠã ãããªããã·ã«ãã¹ãããŠ
ã ãããªãªã¯ã¿ãã·ã«ãã¹ãããŠã ãçïŒãžãã
ãã«ã«ãã«ãã¹ãããŠã ãäŸãã°ããžã¡ãã«ãã¹
ãããŠã ããžãšãã«ãã¹ãããŠã ããžâïœâãã
ã«ãã¹ãããŠã ããžâïœâãããã«ãã¹ãããŠ
ã ããžããšãã«ãã¹ãããŠã ããžãã³ãžã«ãã¹ã
ããŠã ããžããã·ã«ãã¹ãããŠã ããžãªã¯ã¿ãã·
ã«ãã¹ãããŠã çïŒãããã«ã«ãã«ãã¹ãããŠ
ã ãäŸãã°ãã¡ãã«ãã¹ãããŠã ãïœâããã«ã
ã¹ãããŠã ãããã·ã«ãã¹ãããŠã ããªã¯ã¿ãã·
ã«ãã¹ãããŠã ãããšãã«ãã¹ãããŠã ããã³ãž
ã«ãã¹ãããŠã çïŒãã¹ïŒãããã«ã«ãã«ãã¹ã
ã€ã³ïŒã€ãããŠã ãäŸãã°ããã¹ïŒããªããšãã«
ãã¹ãã€ã³ïŒã€ãããŠã ããã¹ïŒããªãã³ãžã«ã
ã¹ãã€ã³ïŒã€ãããŠã ããã¹ïŒããªã¡ãã«ãã¹ã
ã€ã³ïŒã€ãããŠã ããã¹ïŒããªããã·ã«ãã¹ãã€
ã³ïŒã€ãããŠã çïŒïŒçŽåãžã¢ãã³ãäŸãã°ã
ïŒNâ²âãã¹ïŒããªã¡ãã«ïŒãããã¬ã³ãžã¢ã
ã³ãïŒNâ²âãã¹ïŒããªããšãã«ïŒãããã¬ã³
ãžã¢ãã³ãïŒNâ²âãã¹ïŒããªãªã¯ã¿ãã·ã«ïŒ
ãããã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ïŒåã³ïŒçŽåãžãã¹ãã€ã³ã
äŸãã°ãïŒPâ²âãã¹ïŒããªã¡ãã«ïŒãããã¬ã³
ãžãã¹ãã€ã³çã ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã¯ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããª
ã³ãšããŠãåã¯æ¬¡ã®ååŠåå¿ã«ãã€ãŠææã®ã¡ã¿
ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã«è»¢åãããç¶æ ã§åå¿æ··åç©
ã«å ãããåŸã€ãŠããã©ã€ããã¹ã«ãã€ãçãé
å±å«æååç©ãææã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã®å
é§ç©è³ªãšããŠçšããŠãããããããã®åé§ç©è³ªã®
ãããã®ã¯å æ°Žå解åå¿ã«éã«ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã«è»¢å
ãããã ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã¯å¡©ã®åœ¢ã§çšããŠããããåã¯ã·ãª
ã«ãã¢ã«ãããã¢ã¬ããŠã©ãŒã»ã·ãŒãããŒãªã©ã€
ããç²åçã®ãããªæ äœã«æ æãããŠåå¿ç³»ã«å°
å ¥ããŠããããæ¬æ¹æ³ãè¡ãªãéããã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒ
ãã¯åºå®åºã®æ¶²çžå ã§æº¶è§£ãæ··åãæžæ¿ãåã¯èž
çãããç¶æ ã§çšãããã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã¯ãåå¿ç³»å
ã«å°å ¥ãã¹ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããšæ··åããŠåå¿
ç³»ã«å ããŠããããåã¯å¥ã®å°å ¥éšã«ãã€ãŠåå¿
ç³»ã«å°ããããããã¯åå¿åž¯åå ã®äžæ··åæ§ææ©
çžäžã§çšããŠãããããªã«ã¬ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã氎溶
æ§ã®å Žåã¯ãåå¿åž¯åã®è£å ãè¡ãªãããšãæãŸ
ãããã¡ã¿ã©ãŒããå°å ¥ãã決å®çãªæ段ã«ã€ã
ãŠã¯ç¹ã«å¶éã¯ãªãããããŠãã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã¯ã
æãšããŠåå¿ã®åãã«å ãããããŠïŒåã¯åå¿äž
ã«äžå®é床ã§é£ç¶åã¯æç¶çã«å ããã ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã®çæ æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã§ã¯ãæ°Žçžåã³æ°Žäžæ··å液çžãã
ãªãæ°Žå«æåå¿æº¶åªäžã§ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããæ°Ž
ãšæ¥è§Šãããã ãã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãïŒçš®é¡ä»¥äžã®çžãå«ã溶åªã§è¡ãª
ãåå¿ã«é©ããä»»æã®æ¹æ³ã§è¡ãªãåŸããäŸã
ã°ãæ°Žçžé£ç¶çžããªããŠããŠããããåã¯æ°Žäžæ··
åçžãé£ç¶çžã§ãã€ãŠããããäžè¬ã«ãäžé£ç¶çž
ãããåæ£ãããããŠå°ããªæ³¡ç¶ã«ãªã€ãŠããŠçž
ã®éã®çé¢ã®é¢ç©ã倧ããããããšãæãŸããã
äŸãã°ããã®äžé£ç¶çžã¯çŽåŸãçŽïŒcm以äžãå ·äœ
çã«ã¯çŽïŒcm以äžãå³ã¡çŽ0.01ä¹è³0.5cm以äžã®
泡ãæãããåæ£ã匷åããããã®è£ 眮ãšããŠæª
ææ©ãå€ååæ£ç®¡ããã®ä»ãçšããŠãããããã
ããã¢ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã«å¯Ÿããéžæçã
é«ããã«ã¯ãå¿ ãããåæ£ããçžãæããããšã
äžå¯æ¬ ã§ã¯ãªããåœç¶ãªããããããã®çžã¯åå¿
ãè¡ãªãéã«çžé£ãå±€ã圢æããããšãããã æ°Žçžåã³æ°Žäžæ··åæ§ã®æ¶²çžã®çžå¯Ÿçãªéã¯ãäŸ
ãã°ã容éãåºæºãšããŠ1000ïŒïŒä¹è³ïŒïŒ1000ãš
倧巟ã«å€åãåŸããéåžžãæ°Žçžã®éã¯æ¬æ¹æ³ã«çš
ããã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãéã®é¢é£ã«ãããŠéžã¶ã
äœæ ãªããã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããåå¿å€ã§ããã
åŸã€ãŠã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«çæç©ããåé¢ãã
å¿ èŠãããããã§ãããæ £çšã®ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·
ãã®å æ°Žå解æ³ã§ã¯ãæ«åå¿ã®æ°Žãå·åŽçšæŸç±å
ãšããŠäŸçµŠããŠãçºç±çå æ°Žå解åå¿ã®éã«ææ
ã®æž©åºŠãç¶æããå©ããšããŠããããæ¬çºæã®æ¹
æ³ã§ã¯ãæ°Žäžæ··åçžãããçšåºŠãŸã§å·åŽçšæŸç±å
ã®æ©èœãæãã®ã§ãäžèšã®ãããªé æ ®ã¯æãšããŠ
éèŠã§ã¯ãªããïŒæ¬æ¹æ³ã®æ¡ä»¶äžã§ã¯æ¶²ç¶åã¯æ°Ž
èžæ°ç¶ã§çšããïŒæ°Žã®ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã«å¯Ÿã
ãã¢ã«æ¯ã¯ããã°ãã°çŽ0.5ä¹è³50ïŒïŒã®ç¯å²å
ã§ããã奜ãŸããã¯ãçšããæ°Žã®éã¯ååŠéè«ã
åºæºãšããŠå°ãªããšãå ãããã¹ãŠã®ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³
ãªãã·ããšåå¿ããã«è¶³ãéã§ãããå³ã¡ããã
ãã®ã¢ã«æ¯ã¯å°ãªããšãïŒïŒïŒä¹è³çŽ40ïŒïŒåã¯
50ïŒïŒãŸã§ãäŸãã°ãçŽïŒïŒïŒä¹è³20ïŒïŒã§ã
ãã æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããå æ°Žå解åå¿ã¯å°ãªããš
ãïŒéãã®çµè·¯ã«ãã€ãŠé²è¡ãããã®ãšèãã
ãããã®äžæ¹ã¯éžæçãé«ããã¡ã¿ã©ãŒããå«ã
ãã®ã§ããããããŠä»ã®äžæ¹ã¯æ £çšã®çµè·¯ã§ã
ããåŸã€ãŠãæ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã§ã¯ããžã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°
ãªã³ãŒã«åã³é«çŽã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã補é ããã®ãå¯èœ
ã§ãããå³ã¡ããã®ä»ã®å åããã¹ãŠåãã«ä¿ã€
ãšãæ°Žã®ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã«å¯Ÿããæ¯ã倧ã
ãã»ã©ãçæãããããã®ãžã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒ
ã«åã³é«çŽã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã®éãå€ããªãããã®äºå®
ã¯ãæ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ãè¡ãªãäžã§ã®èéæ§ã®çšåºŠã
瀺ããŠããããããã®é«çŽã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã®ææéã
åŸãããããããã®éã¯æ £çšã®æ¹æ³ã§åŸãããã
ãå°éã§ãããå€ãã®å Žåããããã®ã¢ã«æ¯ã¯
ïŒã¢ã«ãåºæºãšããŠïŒçŽïŒïŒïŒä¹è³10ïŒïŒã®ç¯å²
å ã§ããã ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã«å¯Ÿããéžæçã®åºŠåã«
圱é¿ãåãŒãå åãšããŠã¯ã䜿çšããã¡ã¿ã©ãŒ
ãã»ã¢ããªã³ã®éããããäžè¬ã«ããã®ä»ã®å å
ãåäžã«ä¿ã€ãšã䜿çšããã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³
ã®éãå€ãã»ã©ãã¢ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã«å¯Ÿ
ããéžæçãé«ããªããåŸã€ãŠãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢
ããªã³ã®ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã«å¯Ÿããæ¯ã¯ïŒïŒïŒ
åã¯10ïŒïŒãŸã§ããããã¯ãã以äžã§ãããçµæž
çã«ã¯ãéåžžãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã®ã¢ã«ãã¬
ã³ãªãã·ãã«å¯Ÿããæ¯ã¯çŽïŒïŒïŒä»¥äžã§ãããšã
ããŠãããæãšããŠããããã®ã¢ã«æ¯ã¯å°ãªããš
ãçŽ0.001ïŒ100ãäŸãã°ãçŽ0.05ïŒ100ä¹è³ïŒïŒ
ïŒãå ·äœçã«ã¯çŽ0.1ïŒ100ä¹è³ïŒïŒïŒãåã³æã
å€ãã®å ŽåãçŽïŒïŒ100ä¹è³0.5ïŒïŒã®ç¯å²å ã§ã
ããã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããšã®äŒåã«äŸãããïŒå
以äžã®çµåéšäœãæããã¢ããªã³ïŒäŸãã°ãã¢ãª
ãããŒãåã³ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ããŒãïŒã«é¢ããŠãååšã
ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã®ã¢ã«æ°ã決ããã«ã¯ã
ãã®ãããªçµåéšäœã®æ°ãåºæºã«ããŠã¢ã«æ°ãèš
ç®ãã¹ãã§ããã ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªã¯ãã®ç©è³ªèªäœ
ãæ°Žäžæ··åçžã圢æããŠããããæã¯ïŒçš®åã¯ã
ã以äžã®å®è³ªçã«æ°Žã«äžæº¶ã®æåãäŸãã°ãæ°Žäž
æ··åæ§ã®ææ©æ¶²äœã®ãããªæº¶åªã§ãã€ãŠãã¡ã¿ã©
ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªã溶解ãããã®ãšçµåã
ãŠãããããã®æº¶åªã¯ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãåã³ã¡
ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªãšåå¿ããªãããšã
奜ãŸãããããããããå Žåã«ã¯ãå®è³ªçã«æ°Žã«
äžæº¶ã®æº¶åªã«å ããŠãïŒïŒïŒâãžã¡ããã·ãšã¿ã³
ã®ãããªçžäºåå¿æ§ã®æº¶åªãçšããããšãæãŸã
ãã奜ãŸãã溶åªã¯ãå æ°Žå解åå¿ã®æ¡ä»¶äžã«ã¡
ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªãæ°Žã«æ¯ã¹ãŠåªå ç
ã«æº¶ãããã®ã§ãããæãšããŠãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢
ããªã³å«æç©è³ªã¯æº¶åªäžã«25âã§æ°Žäžã«ãããã
ããå°ãªããšãïŒåå¯æº¶ã§ããã溶åªã®ãã®ç¹æ§
ã«ãã€ãŠãã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãå«ãæ°Žçžããã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒ
ãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªã®ååãä¿é²ããããæãš
ããŠããã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªã¯æº¶åª
ã«æ¥µããŠå¯æº¶ã§ãããéåžžã25âã§æº¶åªïŒã«ã€
ãå°ãªããšãçŽ50ïœã®éã§æº¶ããã 液äœæº¶åªã®äŸã«ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã«ãã·ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã«
åã³è³éŠæãå«ã溶åªãç¹ã«ããã²ã³åã¢ã«ã
ã«ãã·ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã«åã³è³éŠæããããäŸãã°ã
ã·ã¯ããã³ã¿ã³ãã·ã¯ããããµã³ãã¡ãã«ã·ã¯ã
ãããµã³ãã·ã¯ãããã¿ã³ããã³ãŒã³ããã«ãš
ã³ããã·ã¬ã³ããããã³ããžã¯ããã¡ã¿ã³ãïŒïŒ
ïŒïŒïŒâããªã¯ãããšã¿ã³çã§ããããŸããã·ãª
ã³ãŒã³æ²¹åã³é±æ²¹ãæçšã§ãããäžèšã®æº¶åªã®ã
ã¹ãŠãæ¬çºæã®ãã¹ãŠã®æ¹æ³ã«é©ããããã§ã¯ãª
ãã æ°Žäžæ··åæ§ã®æ¶²çžã¯æ°Žãããçš å¯ã§ããããå
ã¯ããçš å¯ã§ãªããŠããããæãšããŠãæ°Žäžæ··å
æ§ã®æ¶²çžã®å¯åºŠãæ°Žçžã®å¯åºŠãããååã«ç°ãªã
ããã«ããŠçžåé¢ãä¿é²ããããäŸãã°ãããã
ã®å¯åºŠã¯ãå æ°Žå解åå¿ã®æ¡ä»¶äžã§å°ãªããšãçŽ
0.05ãå ·äœçã«ã¯å°ãªããšãçŽ0.1ïœïŒcm3ç°ãªã
ããã«ããã 溶åªãçšããå Žåã®éã¯å€§å·Ÿã«å€åãåŸããã
ãã°ãã°ãæ°ŽïŒå®¹éã«ã€ãçŽ0.1ïŒïŒä¹è³10ïŒïŒ
容éã®ç¯å²å ã§ãããçšãã溶åªã®éã¯ãæãšã
ãŠããã®æº¶åªã«ãããã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æ
ç©è³ªã®æº¶è§£åºŠãæ°Žäžæ··åçžãé£ç¶çžã§ãããã©ã
ããçºç±æ§å æ°Žå解åå¿ããã®ç±ãæŸæ£ããã®ã«
æãŸããéã§ãããçã«åºã¥ããŠæ±ºãŸãã ãã®å æ°Žå解ã¯ãæ°Žçžåã³æ°Žäžæ··åçžã液äœã«
ä¿ã¡ããã€å æ°Žå解ãé²è¡ããã«è¶³ãæ¡ä»¶ã®ããš
ã§è¡ãªãããšãã§ããããããã枩床ãããŸãé«
ãããŠãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªãé床ã«
æªåœ±é¿ãåããããã«ããŠã¯ãªããªããæãšã
ãŠãåå¿æž©åºŠã¯çŽ20âãšçŽ220âåã¯250âã®éã
äŸãã°çŽ50âãš200âã®éãå Žåã«ããçŽ80âãš
180âã®éã§ããã æ¬æ¹æ³ã¯æžå§ãåžžå§åã¯éå§äžã§è¡ãªãã䟿å®
äžããã®åå¿ã¯å žåçã«ã¯åšå²å§å以äžã®å§åã
äŸãã°ãã²ãŒãžå§çŽ0.1ã1000KgïŒcm2ã®éã奜ãŸ
ããã¯ã²ãŒãžå§çŽïŒã100KgïŒcm2ã§è¡ãªãã ãã®å æ°Žå解ã¯å®å šãªåå¿ã«ã¯äžååãªæéã§
è¡ãªãããããããäžè¬ã«ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããš
ã®å®å šãªåå¿ãè¡ãªãã«è¶³ãéã®æ°Žãçšããå Žå
ã«ã¯ãå®è³ªçã«ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãããã¹ãŠåå¿
ããã«è¶³ãæéã«ããã€ãŠåå¿ãè¡ãªãããšã奜
ãŸãããå®è³ªçã«å®å šãªåå¿ãå®çµãããã®ã«èŠ
ããæéã®é·ãã¯ã枩床ãååšããåå¿å€ã®éç
ãå«ããã®ä»ã®äœ¿çšæ¡ä»¶ã«ãã€ãŠæ±ºãŸãããã®å
å¿ã¯æ¥µããŠçãæéãäŸãã°ïŒç§ã®æ°åã®ïŒã§è¡
ãªã€ãŠãããããããŠãææã«ããæ°æéãŸã§ã®
æéãäŸãã°ãçŽ0.01ç§ä¹è³ïŒæéã奜ãŸããã¯
çŽïŒç§ä¹è³30åã®éã§è¡ãªãã ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã¯åå¿æ¡ä»¶äžã§ã¬ã¹ã§ã
ãããããŠæ°æ³¡ã®åŸ®çŽ°åæ£äœãšããŠæ¶²ç¶åªäœäžã«
å°å ¥ããŠãããããå€ãã®å Žåãå§åã¯ã¢ã«ãã¬
ã³ãªãã·ãã液çžã«ä¿ã€ã«è¶³ããã®ã§ããã ãã®å æ°Žå解ã¯ãïŒå¥œãŸããã¯äžæŽ»æ§ã®ïŒã¬ã¹
ã®ååšäžã«è¡ãªã€ãŠããããçšãåŸãã¬ã¹ã«ã¯ç©º
æ°ãäºé žåççŽ ãçªçŽ ãã¢ã«ãŽã³çãå«ãŸããã
æ¬æ¹æ³ã®æ¬è³ªäžãåã³ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã®äŸçµŠ
æºïŒç¹ã«ã¢ã«ã±ã³ã®éšåé žåã«ããïŒãšããŠã®æ§
質ã«ãããäºé žåççŽ ããã°ãã°çšãããæãšã
ãŠãäºé žåççŽ ã®ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã«å¯Ÿããã¢
ã«æ¯ã¯0.1ïŒïŒä»¥äžãç¹ã«0.05ïŒïŒä»¥äžã§ãããã
åå¿æº¶åªã®PHã«åœ±é¿ã®åã¶ããšãæãŸããå Žåã¯
ãã®éãã§ã¯ãªãã åå¿æº¶åªã®PHã¯ãéåžžãçžå¯Ÿçã«äžæ§ïŒäŸãã°
çŽïŒã11ã®éã奜ãŸããã¯çŽïŒä¹è³10.5ïŒã«ä¿
ã¡ããããŠå€ãã¯PHãçŽïŒä¹è³10ã®ç¯å²å ã§ã
ããããããŒããã¿ã³ã°ã¹ããŒãåã³ã¢ãªãããŒ
ãã®ãããªããçš®ã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã«ã€ã
ãŠã¯ãåªäœã®PHã¯ååšããååŠçš®ã«ãã€ãŠéå®ã
ãããäŸãã°ã匷塩åºæ§ã§ã¯ãªã«ãããããŒãã
æåã§ããããäžæ§æ¡ä»¶ã§ã¯ã¡ã¿ããããŒããæ
åã§ããããã®ä»ã®äŸã§ã¯ãããé žæ§ã®åªäœã«ã
ã€ãŠå€æ žã¢ãªãããŒãã®åœ¢æãä¿é²ãããããã
ã®ãã®ã¯äŒåéšåã®åœ¢æã«å¯Ÿãã掻æ§ãïŒããã
ãã«ããŠãïŒäœãã åœæ¥çã§åšç¥ã®éããé žåã¯å¡©åºã®æ·»å ããã
ãã¯ç·©è¡å€ãå ããããšã«ãã€ãŠPHãææã®ç¯å²
å ã«ä¿ã€ãããããå¡©ãçæããŠååšããããšå
ã³ãã®æ§è³ªã«ã€ããŠé æ ®ãã¹ãã§ãããäœæ ãª
ãããã®ã«ããªã³ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã®ãã
ã®ã«ããªã³ãšçœ®ãæ¿ããåŸãããã§ãããä»ã®å
åŒã®å æ°Žå解æ³ã§ææPHã®ä¿æã«ã€ããŠææ¡ãã
ãæ¹æ³ã«ã¯ãäºé žåççŽ ãç¡æ©é žåã¯ææ©é žãäŸ
ãã°ãç¡«é žãå¡©é žåã³é ¢é žãæ·»å ããããšãå«ãŸ
ããŠãããåå¿æº¶åªã®PHå€ãä¿ã€ããã®è©Šå€ã¯ä»»
æã®æ £çšã®æ¹æ³ã§å ããŠããããäŸãã°ãåå¿ã®
éã®æ·»å ïŒäŸãã°äºé žåççŽ ãããŒãžãã€ã€è¡ãª
ãïŒãåã¯ãããã®åå¿å€ãåå¿åšã«å°å ¥ããã«
å ç«ã€ãŠïŒçš®åã¯ãã以äžã®åå¿å€ã«å ããæ¹æ³
ã§ããã PHãææã®ç¯å²å ã«ä¿ã€ããšã«ã¯ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒ
ãã»ã¢ããªã³ã®å®å®æ§ãåäžãããïŒæ¬¡çãªå¹æ
ãããã æ¬çºæã«ããæ¹æ³ã§çšããéã®ãªã«ã¬ãã¡ã¿ã©
ãŒãã®å®å®æ§ã¯ãå°éã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«
æç©è³ªãæ°Žäžæ··åçžã«å ããããšã«ãã€ãŠé«ããŠ
ããããæ·»å ããã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã¯ãæãš
ããŠ1000ppmïŒééïŒã®éã§çšãããããŠãã®æ·»
å ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã®ãªã«ã¬ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã«
察ããã¢ã«æ¯ã¯çŽïŒïŒ50ä¹è³ïŒïŒ1000ãšãããæ·»
å ããã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªã¯ããããª
ãŠã åã¯ã«ãªãŠã ã»ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã®ãããªãã氎溶
æ§ã®å¡©ãçšãããšäŸ¿å©ã§ãããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
4579983å·æ现æžãåç §ã®ããšã æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãé©åœãªåŠçè£ çœ®ãçšããŠãå
ååŒãåé£ç¶åŒåã¯é£ç¶åŒã§è¡ãªããäŸãã°ãçž
éã®æ¥è§Šãä¿é²ãããæ段ãäŸãã°ãæªææ©ãã
ããã³ããã¬ãŒãã¹ããŒãžã€ãŒçãåä»ãã容åš
å ã§åå¿ãè¡ãªããäŸçµŠåæãå³ã¡çš®ã ã®æåã¯
åå¿åšã«å°å ¥ããåã«äºãæ··åããããåã¯ãã
ãã®æåãå¥ã ã«åå¿å®¹åšã«å°å ¥ããŠããããäŸ
ãã°ãæ°Žäžæ··åæ§ã®æ¶²çžãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããš
æ··åãããããŠåå¿å®¹åšå ã®æ°Žçžã«å°å ¥ããããš
ãã§ãããå¥æ³ã§ã¯ãæ°Žäžæ··åæ§ã®æ¶²çžåã³æ°Žçž
ãå«ãåå¿å®¹åšã«ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããåç¬ã«å°
å ¥ããŠãããããããã«ãããå°ãªããšãäžéšã®
ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãããæ°Žãšã®åå¿ã«å ç«ã€ãŠã
ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªãå«ãå®è³ªçã«æ°Ž
ã«æ°Žæº¶ã®çžãšæ¥è§Šããæ©äŒãèšããããã«æ¬æ¹æ³
ãè¡ãªãã¹ãã§ããã éåžžãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«çæç©ãåå¿æº¶åª
ããåé¢ãããããŠã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©
質ãæ¬æ¹æ³ã§ããã«äœ¿çšããããã«ååããããš
ãæãŸãããã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¯éåžžã液ç¶
ã®æ°Žçžã«åªå çã«æº¶è§£ããã®ã§ãã°ãªã³ãŒã«çæ
ç©ã¯çžåé¢ïŒäŸãã°ãåŸçæ³ãé å¿åé¢ïŒã«ãã€
ãŠæ°Žäžæ··åçžããåé€ãããããŠååããããšã
ã§ããããã®ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã«å¯ãæ°Žçž
ã¯ãäŸãã°ãæ°Žãé€ãããã®å€éå¹çšåŒèžçºåšã
åã³é«çŽã°ãªã³ãŒã«äžçŽç©åã³ãã®ä»ã®äžçŽç©ã
ãã¢ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã粟補ããããã®èžçæ³ïŒäŸã
ã°ç空èžçïŒãçšããããšã«ããã粟補ããŠé«çŽ
床ã®ã¢ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãååããããšã
ã§ãããåé¢ããæ°Žäžæ··åçžå ã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢
ããªã³å«æç©è³ªã¯å䜿çšããããã«åã³åŸªç°å©çš
ããããšãã§ããã ããå Žåã«ã¯ãåé¢ããæ°Žçžã¯çžåé¢åŸã«è¥å¹²
ã®æº¶è§£ããã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªãå«ã
ã§ããŠããããææã«ããããã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢
ããªã³å«æç©è³ªã¯é©åœãªæ¹æ³ã§ååãããäŸã
ã°ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªã¯ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒ
ãã»ã¢ããªã³åã¯ãã®äŒåã«ããªã³ãåªå çã«æº¶
解ããäžæ··åæ§æ¶²äœãšæ¥è§Šãããããšã«ãããæ°Ž
çžããæœåºããããšãã§ãããããã«è©³çŽ°ã«ã€ã
ãŠã¯ãæ¬çºæãšåæ¥ã«åºé¡ããããŒã»ãã€ãŒã»ã
ãŒã³çã®ç¹éæ60â222433å·å ¬å ±ãåç §ã®ããšã
å¥æ³ã§ã¯æ°ŽçžãããŠã»ã±ãã«ã«ç€ŸïŒDow
Chemical CompanyïŒããå ¥æå¯èœãªå¡©åç©ã
ä»å ããDOWEXïŒåååïŒMSAâïŒæš¹èã®ãã
ãªã¢ããªã³äº€ææš¹èãšæ¥è§ŠãããŠã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢
ããªã³ãååããŠãããããã®æš¹èãåé¢åã³å
æããŠãåæã«ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ãååãã
ããšãã§ãããããã«è©³çŽ°ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±
第4560813å·æ现æžåç §ã®ããšãåã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»
ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªãèžçïŒäŸãã°ãèžçºåã¯åå¥
èžçïŒã«ããã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ããååãã
ããšãå¯èœã§ãããããé«æž©ã®åé¢æ³ãäŸãã°ã
çŽ100°åã¯120â以äžãçšããå Žåãå°éã®æ°Žã
çšãããšå€ãã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã®å®å®æ§ã
åäžããã 以äžã®äŸã¯æ¬çºæãç解ããäžã§ã®äžå©ãšãã
ããã®ãã®ã§ãããæ¬çºæãå¶éãããã®ã§ã¯ãª
ããç¹ã«ããšãããªãéããåºäœã®ïŒ åã³éšã¯ã
ã¹ãŠééãåºæºãšãããããŠæ¶²äœåã³æ°äœã¯ãã¹
ãŠå®¹éã«åºã¥ããã®ã§ããã åå¿çæç©ã®åæã¯æž©åºŠãããã°ã©ã åããã¬
ã¹ã¯ãããã°ã©ãã€ãŒã«ãã€ãŠè¡ãªã€ããããå
ææ³ã§ã¯ãã¯ãã¢ãœãŒãïŒChromosobïŒ101ïŒå
ååïŒïŒ60/80ã¡ãã·ãŠïŒãå å¡«ãã3.05ïœïŒ10ã
ã€ãŒãïŒÃ3.175mmïŒ1/8â³ïŒã®ã¹ãã³ã¬ã¹éŒã®ã«ã©
ã ãçšãããæ³šå ¥çšè©ŠæïŒïŒã3ÎŒïŒã¯ãå éš
æšæºãšããŠã0.12ä¹è³0.15ïœã®ïŒâãšãã«âïŒïŒ
ïŒâãããµã³ãžãªãŒã«ãäºãæ·»å ãã1.5ä¹è³2.0
ïœã®å æ°Žå解çæç©ã®è©Šæãã調補ããã ä»ã®æ¹æ³ã§ã¯ãå éšæšæºãšããŠçŽïŒééïŒ ã®
ïŒïŒïŒâãã¿ã³ãžãªãŒã«ãå ããããšã«ããè©Šæ
ã調補ããããã®æ··åç©çŽ50ÎŒããã€ãªãã€å·
ã¢ãŒãã³ã»ã°ã©ãïŒMorton GroveïŒã®ã¬ãžã¹ã»
ã±ãã«ã«ç€ŸïŒRegis Chemical CompanyïŒãã
å ¥æå¯èœãªRegisilïŒåååïŒïŒBSTFAïŒïŒïŒ®ïŒïŒ®
âãã¹ããªã¡ãã«ã·ãªã«ããªãã«ãªãã¢ã»ãã¢ã
ãïŒ1.0mlã«è¡æž çšãã€ã¢ã«äžã§å ãããããŠå°
ãªããšã12æéæ··åãããã¢ããšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒ
ã«ããžãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«åã³ããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãª
ã³ãŒã«ã®ééïŒ ã¯æšæºåã®æ°çžã¯ãããã°ã©ãã€
ãŒã«ãã€ãŠæ±ãããã80/100ã¡ãã·ãŠã®ã¯ãã¢ãœ
ãŒãWHPïŒåååïŒäžã«ä¿æãã20ïŒ ã®OVâ
101ã¡ãã«ã·ãªã³ãŒã³åºå®çžæ¶²äœããããã¯ãã
ãããã³ã·ã«ããã¢å·ãã¬ããªã³ã
ïŒBellefonteïŒã®ã¹ãã«ã³ç€ŸïŒSpelcoïŒInc.ïŒã
ãå ¥æå¯èœã§ããããå å¡«ããïŒïœÃïŒå€åŸïŒ
0.32cmïŒ1/8â³ïŒã®ã¹ãã³ã¬ã¹éŒã®ã«ã©ã ãåä»ã
ãããŠãŒã¬ããã»ããã«ãŒãïŒHewlett
PackardïŒ5880ïŒåååïŒåã¬ã¹ã¯ãããã°ã©ã
ãçšããã éžæçã¯ãïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒ€ïŒïŒŽïŒãÃ100ïŒ ãšããŠ
æ±ããããããã«ïŒ§ã¯åé¡ãšãªãã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã®é
éã§ãããïŒã¯ã¢ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã®éé
ã§ãããã¯ãžãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã®ééã§ã
ãããããŠïŒŽã¯ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã®éé
ã§ããã ç¹ã«ããšãããªãéãã以äžã®äŸã¯300mlã®ã
ãŒã«ïŒParrïŒåå¿åšãçšããŠè¡ãªã€ãã äŸ ïŒ ãšãã¬ã³ãªãã·ã16.04ïœãèžçæ°Ž16.19ïœãã
ã¹ãïŒããã©âïœâããã·ã«ïŒã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãã¢
ãªãããŒã2.92ïœåã³ãã«ãšã³26.24ïœãåå¿åš
ã«ä»èŸŒãã ãïŒçžã®åå¿åªäœãçãããããã®æ··
åç©ãé£ç¶çã«æªæããŠãããã®çžã®åæ£ãä¿ã€
ããã«ããããã®åå¿åªäœãïŒæéããããã«äž
ãŸããéçŽ140âã«å ç±ãããåå¿ã®éã«å§åã¯
çŽ160psigã«äžæãããããŠçŽ40psigã«äœäžããã
åå¿åšãå·åŽæ°Žã次ãã§æ°·æ°Žã§çŽïŒâãŸã§å·åŽ
ãããããŠéæŸãããæ°Žå±€ãååãããããŠåæ
ãããšãããã¢ããšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ïŒéžæç89
ïŒ ïŒããžãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ïŒéžæç11ïŒ ïŒåã³
ããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ïŒéžæçïŒïŒ 以äžïŒãå«
ãã§ããã äŸ ïŒ ãšãã¬ã³ãªãã·ã15.4ïœãèžçæ°Ž15.4ïœããã¹
ãïŒããã©âïœâãããã«ïŒã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãã¿ã³ã°
ã¹ããŒã0.775ïœåã³ãã«ãšã³27.67ïœãåå¿åšã«
ä»èŸŒãã ãïŒçžã®åå¿åªäœãçãããããã®æ··å
ç©ãé£ç¶çã«æªæããŠãããã®çžã®åæ£ãä¿ã€ã
ãã«ããããã®åå¿æ··åç©ãçŽïŒæéã«ããã€ãŠ
çŽ140âã«å ç±ãããåå¿ã®éã«å§åã¯çŽ155psig
ã«äžæãããããŠçŽ50psigã«äœäžããã次ãã§ã
åå¿åšãå·åŽæ°Žãç¶ããŠæ°·æ°Žã§çŽïŒâãŸã§å·åŽã
ããæ°Žå±€ãååãããããŠåæãããšãããã¢ã
ãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ïŒéžæç68ïŒ ïŒããžãšãã¬ã³
ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ïŒéžæç26ïŒ ïŒåã³ããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãª
ã³ãŒã«ïŒéžæçïŒïŒ ïŒãå«ãã§ããã äŸ ïŒ 50mlã®äžžåºã¬ã©ã¹è£œãã©ã¹ã³ã«ãã¹ïŒããªããš
ãã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ïŒã€ãããŠã ããããŒã10.0ïœå
ã³ãžã¯ããã¡ã¿ã³10mlãä»èŸŒãã ããã®æº¶æ¶²ã10
â以äžã«å·åŽãã次ãã§ïŒçŽïŒâã®ïŒãšãã¬ã³ãª
ãã·ã6.91ïœãå ããããã©ã¹ã³ã秀éããåŸã
ïŒçŽïŒâã®ïŒèžçæ°Ž6.91ïœãå ããŠãïŒçžã®åå¿
æ··åç©ãçæãããããã®æ··åç©ãçŽ æ©ãæªæ
ãããããŠãã©ã€ã¢ã€ã¹ïŒã¢ã»ãã³å·åŽåšãåä»
ããŠçŽïŒæééæµïŒçŽ35âïŒãããã次ãã§ãã
ã®æ··åç©ãåšå²æž©åºŠã§ïŒå€æŸçœ®ããã次ãã§ãæ
æ©å±€ããæ°Žå±€ãåé€ãããããŠåæãããšããã
ã¢ããšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãå«ãã§ããããžãšãã¬
ã³åã¯ããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¯æ€åºãããªãã€
ãã äŸ ïŒ å·åŽåšãåä»ãã50mlã®äžžåºã¬ã©ã¹è£œãã©ã¹ã³
ãæªæãã€ã€ããã¹ããã¹ïŒããªããšãã«ãã¹ã
ã€ã³ïŒã€ãããŠã ãã¢ãªãããŒã1.0ïœãã·ã¯ã
ããã»ã³ãªãã·ãïŒmlãèžçæ°Ž1.0mlåã³ïŒïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒâããªã¯ãããšã¿ã³5.0mlãä»èŸŒãã ãå·åŽåš
ããã©ã€ã¢ã€ã¹ïŒã¢ã»ãã³ã§å·åŽãã€ã€ããã®æ··
åç©ãïŒæéã«ãããïŒåšå²å§åã§ïŒéæµãã
ããå ç±åã³æªæãåæ¢ãããããŠçŽ15ä¹è³16æ
éåŸã®åéããŠçŽ7.5æéç¶ç¶ããããšãè€è²ã®
溶液ãçãããç空äžïŒçµ¶å¯Ÿå§åçŽïŒä¹è³ïŒããª
ããŒã«ïŒçŽ35âä¹è³40âã§æ°Žåã³ã·ã¯ããããµã³
ãªãã·ãããã®æ··åç©ããé€å»ãããçœè²ã®åºäœ
ããã©ã¹ã³ã®åŽéšã«åçž®ããããã®åºäœã¯çŽ
100.5âä¹è³101.5âã®èç¹ãæããŠãããèµ€å€å
å åæã®çµæããã®çæç©ã¯ãã¹ãŠïŒïŒïŒâ
transâãžããããã·ã·ã¯ããããµã³ã§ããããš
ã瀺ããŠããã äŸïŒïŒïŒåã³ïŒäžŠã³ã«å¯Ÿç §äŸïŒåã³ïŒ ãããã®äŸã§ã¯ãäžèšã®äžè¬çæé ãçšããã
äºã調補ããŠããã溶åªäžã®ãªã«ã¬ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒã
溶液ãã移ãæ¿ãã®äŸ¿ãå³ãããã«ç空ãçšããŠ
åå¿åšã«å°å ¥ããã次ãã§ãæ°Žãä»èŸŒã¿ããããŠ
ãªãŒãã¯ã¬ãŒãã«çªçŽ ãããŒãžãããããŠã¬ã¹æ
ããè¡ãªã€ããå·åŽããïŒæ¶²äœïŒãšãã¬ã³ãªãã·
ããçªçŽ å§äžã«ãªãŒãã¯ã¬ãŒãã«æ³šå ¥ããããã®
åå¿æº¶åªãçŽ800rpmã®å転é床ã§æªæãããã
ã®ãªãŒãã¯ã¬ãŒãã絶察å§åçŽ3.5æ°å§ãŸã§å å§
ããŠå ç±ãããããŠå®è³ªçã«äžå®æž©åºŠã«çŽïŒæé
ä¿ã€ããå§åã¯äžæããã«ãŸããããå·åŽåŸãæ°Ž
çžã®äžéšãååºããŠåæã«äŸããããããã®äŸã®
詳现ã第ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãã ãè¡šã äŸ ïŒã11 ãããã®äŸã§ã¯äžèšã®äžè¬çæé ãçšããããš
ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãïŒ33ïœïŒåã³æ°ŽïŒ71ïœïŒã®åæ溶
液ãã·ã©ã ïŒSyrumïŒãã³å ã§èª¿è£œãããããŠ
çŽïŒâã«ä¿ã€ãããã«ãšã³ïŒ10ïœïŒåã³ãã¹ïŒã
ãã©ããã·ã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒã¢ãªãããŒã
ïŒBTHAMïŒïŒ4.5ïœïŒã®å¥ã®åæ溶液ã宀枩ïŒçŽ
22âïŒã§120c.c.ã®ã·ã©ã ã»ãã³å ã§èª¿è£œãããå
åæ溶液ã®ã¢ãªã³ãŒããïŒçŽïŒâã«ïŒå·åŽããã¹
ãã³ã¬ã¹è£œã®åçç¶ãã€ã¯ãåå¿åšïŒå€åŸçŽ9.6
mmÃ76mmïŒã«å°å ¥ããããã®åå¿åšã¯äžå®æž©åºŠã®
济ã«æµžæŒ¬ãåŸããã®ã§ãããåæãå°å ¥ããã«å
ç«ã€ãŠããã®ãã€ã¯ãåå¿åšã«çªçŽ ãããŒãžã
ããåæã®å°å ¥åŸããã®åå¿åšãã·ãŒã«ãããã
ãŠåŸåŸ©éåã§æªæãä¿ãã€ã€æµŽäžã«æµžæŒ¬ãããçŽ
ïŒæéåŸããã€ã¯ãåå¿åšãåŒãåºãããããŠæ°·
济äžã§çŽïŒâãŸã§å·åŽãããæ°Žçžã®è©Šæãåã
ãããããŠåæããããããã®äŸã®è©³çŽ°ã第ïŒè¡š
ã«ç€ºãã ãè¡šã äŸ 12 ãã¹ïŒããªããšãã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ïŒã€ãããŠã ã¡
ã¿ããããŒãïŒïœãå«ãïŒçµ¶å¯Ÿå§åçŽ10ããªããŒ
ã«ã«ïŒç空åããã¬ã©ã¹å®¹åšã«ããšãã¬ã³ãªãã·
ã50ééïŒ åã³ã¢ã«ãŽã³50ééïŒ ã®æ··åç©ãå°å ¥
ããŠããã®å®¹åšäžã®å§åãçŽ500ä¹è³550ããªããŒ
ã«ãŸã§äžæãããã次ãã§ãæ°Ž10mlåã³ïŒïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒâããªã¯ãããšã¿ã³50mlã®æ··åç©ãåå¿åšã«æ³š
å ¥ããããã®åå¿åšãç£åæªæãã€ã€å ç±éæµã
ãããçŽïŒæéåŸã埪ç°ãã³ãã皌åããããçŽ
ïŒæéåŸããã®ç³»ãåæ¢ããããããŠïŒå€æŸçœ®ã
ãã次ãã§ãããã«ãšãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãïŒmlãæ·»å
ãããããŠãã®ç³»ãåã³çšŒåããããçŽïŒæé
åŸã溶åªå±€ãç空äžã«å ç±ããŠèžçããïŒïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒâããªã¯ãããšã¿ã³ã§æ°åæŽæµããïŒæº¶åªå±€
72.3ïœãååããïŒãæ°Žå±€41.4ïœãåŸãè©Šæãå
æãããšãããã¢ããšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãå«ãã§
ããã äŸ 13 ã¢ã«ãŽã³é°å²æ°äžã«ããã©ããã·ã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠ
ã ã¢ãªãããŒã5.28ïœã100mlã®ã¬ã©ã¹è£œãã©ã¹
ã³ã«å ããã次ãã§ããã®ãã©ã¹ã³ãçŽ10âã«å·
åŽãããããŠãšãã¬ã³ãªãã·ã9.66ïœããã©ã¹ã³
ã«æ³šãå ¥ããç¶ããŠïŒçŽïŒâã®ïŒèžçæ°ŽçŽ9.61ïœ
ãå ããããã®ãã©ã¹ã³ã«ã¢ã«ãŽã³ãããŒãžãã
次ãã§ã¢ã»ãã³äžãã©ã€ã¢ã€ã¹ã§å·åŽããå·åŽåš
ãçšããŠïŒæééæµããã次ãã§ãã®å·åŽåšã宀
æž©ãŸã§å æž©ãããã«ãŸãããããã®è£ 眮ãïŒå€æŸ
眮ãããæ¯çªãã€ã€æ°ŽçŽïŒmlãå ãã次ãã§ãã«
ãšã³çŽ30mlãæ·»å ãããšãé¡èãªãïŒçš®ã®çžã圢
æãããæ°Žå±€ã¯ã¢ããšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãå«æã
ãããšãå€æããã äŸ 14ã23 ãããã®äŸã§ã¯ãäŸïŒåã³äŸïŒã«èšèŒãããšå®
質çã«åãæé ãçšããã詳现ã«ã€ããŠã¯ç¬¬ïŒè¡š
ã«æ²ãããäŸ16åã³äŸ17ãé€ãä»ã®ãã¹ãŠã®äŸã§
ã¯çŽ420rpmã§æªæãããäŸ16ã§ã¯å転é床ã¯çŽ
840rpmã§ããããããŠäŸ17ã§ã¯300rpmã§ãã€
ããäŸ18ãé€ããã¹ãŠã®äŸã§ã¯ãåå¿æº¶åªã®æé«
枩床ã¯çŽ140âã§ãããäŸ18ã§ã¯çŽ170âã§ãã€
ãã ãè¡šã äŸ 24 äŸïŒã«èšèŒãããšå®è³ªçã«åãæé ãçšãã
ããäœããã«ãšã³å«æå±€ãåå¿åªäœããååãã
ãããŠæ¬¡ã®åå¿åªäœäžã«çšããããã«ãšã³ãå«ã
åå¿æ··åç©ããã®æ°Žå±€ããã«ãšã³çŽ10mlãæœåº
ãããããŠæŽæµæ¶²ã®äžéšã次ã®åå¿ã«çšããã æåã®å®éšã§ã¯ãã¹ïŒããã©âïœâããã·ã«ã¢
ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒã¢ãªãããŒãçŽ1.5ïœãçšããã詳
现ã«ã€ããŠã¯ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãã å®éšïŒä¹è³ïŒã«ãããäœãéžæçã¯ãè¯å¥œãã€
è¿ éãªçžåé¢ãå°é£ã§ããããšã«ãããšæãã
ãããã奜ãŸãã溶åªã¯ãäŸãã°ãžã¯ããã¡ã¿ã³
ã§ãããã ãªãã次ã®ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ã¯ä»¥äžã®äŸã§èª¬æããåç
ãããã«æ¡åŒµããäŸã«ã€ããŠç€ºãã ãè¡šã ãè¡šã ãªãããŒã
æ¯èŒäŸ ïŒ èžçæ°Ž15.19ïœããã«ãšã³30mlåã³ïŒçŽïŒãïŒ
âã«å·åŽããåŸïŒãšãã¬ã³ãªãã·ã14.97ïœãå
å¿åšã«ä»èŸŒãã ããã®æ··åç©ãçŽ140âã§çŽ3.5æ
éã«ããã€ãŠæªæåã³å ç±ãã氷济äžã§çŽïŒâãŸ
ã§å·åŽãããæ°Žå±€ãååããŠåæãããšãã¢ããš
ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ïŒéžæç56ïŒ ïŒããžãšãã¬ã³ã°
ãªã³ãŒã«ïŒéžæç33ïŒ ïŒåã³ããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³
ãŒã«ïŒéžæç11ïŒ ïŒãå«æããŠããã
ãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªãçšããŠãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãª
ã³ãŒã«åã³æ°Žããã¢ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã補
é ããæ¹æ³ã«é¢ãããæ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããã¢ã
ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãé«ãéžæçã§è£œé ããã
ãšãå¯èœãšãªããæ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã§ã¯ãæ°Žçžãšãæ°Ž
çžã®æ¿åºŠããé«æ¿åºŠã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ãæ
ããæ°Žäžæ··åæ§ã®æ¶²çžãšãå«ã溶åªãçšãããæ¬
çºæã®æ¹æ³ã§ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«çæç©å
ã³æ°Žããã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã®ååã容æã§
ããç¹ãæå©ã§ããããã®åé¢ã¯ãäŸãã°ãçžå
é¢ã«ãã€ãŠè¡ãªãããããã«ãã€ãŠã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°
ãªã³ãŒã«ã®è£œé ã«ãããã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã®
å©çšã®å·¥æ¥ç䟡å€ãé«ããããã çºæã®èæ¯ïŒã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã®æŠèŠïŒ ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãäŸãã°ããšãã¬ã³ã°ãª
ã³ãŒã«ããããã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«åã³ããã¬ã³ã°ãª
ã³ãŒã«ã®å·¥æ¥ç補æ³ã«ã¯ã倧éå°ã¢ã«ã®æ°Žã®ååš
äžã§å¯Ÿå¿ããã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã液çžæ°Žåãã
æ¹æ³ããããäŸãã°ãã«ãŒã¯ã»ãªã¹ããŒïŒKirk
âOthmerïŒã®ãšã³ãµã€ã¯ãããã€ã¢ã»ãªãã»ã±
ãã«ã«ã»ãã¯ãããžãŒïŒEncyclopedia of
Chemical TechnclogyïŒã第ïŒå·»ã第ïŒçã939
ããŒãžïŒ1980幎ïŒãåç §ãããããã®å æ°Žå解å
å¿ã¯ãå žåçã«ã¯çŽ100âä¹è³çŽ200âã®ãããªäž
æž©ã§è¡ãªããæ°Žã¯ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãïŒã¢ã«ã«ã€
ã15ã¢ã«ã®éå°éã§åå¿åž¯åã«å ããŠãããå æ°Ž
å解åå¿ã®äž»ãªå¯çæç©ã¯ãžãŒåã³ããªã°ãªã³ãŒ
ã«ãäŸãã°ããžã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãããªã¢ã«
ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«åã³ããã©ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒ
ã«ã§ããããããã®ãžãŒåã³ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãª
ã³ãŒã«ã®çæã¯ãäž»ãšããŠã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããš
ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãšã®åå¿ã«ãããã®ãšèã
ãããŠãããã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã¯ãäžè¬ã«æ°Žãš
ãããã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãšã®æ¹ãããåå¿æ§
ã§ããã®ã§ãæ°Žãšåå¿ãããããšæå³ããŠã¢ãã°
ãªã³ãŒã«çæç©ã«å¯Ÿããåæ¥çæ¡ç®æ§ã確ä¿ãã
ããã«ã¯ã倧éå°ã®æ°Žã䜿çšããã ãã®ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¯å æ°Žå解ã®åå¿æ··
åç©ããååããªããã°ãªããªãã®ã§ã倧éå°é
ã®æ°Žã«åž°å ããŠãšãã«ã®ãŒæ¶è²»åã®æ¹æ³ãçã¿åº
ãæãããããå žåçã«ã¯ãèžçºã«ãã€ãŠæ°Žãé€
å»ããŠã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãå«ãæ®æž£ãæ®ãã
ãããèžçã«ãã€ãŠç²Ÿè£œãããåŸã€ãŠãã¢ãã°ãª
ã³ãŒã«çæç©ã«å¯Ÿããéžæçãä¿æãåã¯é«ãã€
ã€ã䜿çšããæ°Žã®éã®äœæžãå³ãããšãããšãã«
ã®ãŒå¹çã®èŠ³ç¹ããæå©ã§ããã ãã®å æ°Žå解åå¿ã¯è§Šåªãªãã«é²è¡ããããé ž
åã¯å¡©åºã®ååšã«ããåå¿é床ãé«ããããã
ããé žåã³å¡©åºè§Šåªã«ã¯æ¬ ç¹ããããäŸãã°ãå¡©
åºè§Šåªã¯äžè¬ã«ã¢ãã°ãªã³ãŒã«çæç©ã®çæã«å¯Ÿ
ããŠéžææ§ããªãããŸãé žè§Šåªã«ã¯å žåçã«ã¯è
é£ã®åé¡ãã€ããŸãšããåŸã€ãŠãå·¥æ¥çæ¹æ³ã§ã¯
å žåçã«ã¯æ¯èŒçäžæ§ã®å æ°Žå解æ¡ä»¶ïŒäŸãã°PH
ïŒã10ïŒãçšããŠããã ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã®æ°Žåã«äœ¿çšããããã«æ
瀺ãããå€ãã®é žè§Šåªã®ãã¡ä»£è¡šçãªãã®ã«ã¯ã
ããçŽ åã¢ã«ãã«ã¹ã«ãã³é žã€ãªã³äº€ææš¹è
ïŒ1979幎ïŒæ21æ¥çºè¡ã®ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4165440å·æ现
æžïŒïŒã«ã«ããã·ã«é žåã³ããã²ã³é žïŒ1978幎ïŒ
æïŒæ¥çºè¡ã®ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4112054å·æ现æžïŒïŒåŒ·é ž
ã«ããªã³äº€ææš¹èïŒ1978幎ïŒæ15æ¥çºè¡ã®ç±³åœç¹
蚱第4107221å·æ现æžïŒïŒèèªæã¢ãâåã³ïŒåã¯
ããªã«ã«ããã·ã«é žïŒ1976幎ïŒæ20æ¥çºè¡ã®ç±³åœ
ç¹èš±ç¬¬3933923å·æ现æžïŒïŒã«ããªã³äº€ææš¹è
ïŒ1962幎11æïŒæ¥çºè¡ã®ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3062889å·æ现
æžïŒïŒé žæ§ãŒãªã©ã€ãïŒ1962幎ïŒæïŒæ¥çºè¡ã®ç±³
åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3028434å·æ现æžïŒïŒäºé žåç¡«é»ïŒ1957幎
ïŒæ24æ¥çºè¡ã®ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2807651å·æ现æžïŒïŒã
ãªããã²ã³é ¢é žïŒ1949幎ïŒæïŒæ¥çºè¡ã®ç±³åœç¹èš±
第2472417å·æ现æžïŒïŒåã³é ãå©è§Šåªãšãããªã³
é žã¢ã«ãããŠã ïŒ1977幎ïŒæ29æ¥çºè¡ã®ç±³åœç¹èš±
第4014945å·æ现æžïŒãå«ãŸããã ãããã®é žè§Šåªã«å ããŠãäºé žåççŽ ã®ååšäž
ã«ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããæ°Žåããããã®å€ãã®è§Š
åªãæ瀺ãããŠããããããã«ã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã
ã©ã€ããäŸãã°ãå¡©åç©ãèåç©åã³ãšãŠåç©ïŒ
第ïŒçŽã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãã©ã€ããäŸãã°ãããã©ã¡
ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãšãŒãžãåã³ããã©ã¡ãã«ã¢ã³
ã¢ããŠã ããããïŒè±åœç¹èš±ç¬¬1177877å·æ现
æžïŒïŒææ©ç¬¬ïŒã¢ãã³ãäŸãã°ãããªãšãã«ã¢ã
ã³åã³ããªãžã³ïŒ1976幎10æ14æ¥å ¬éã®ãã€ãç¹
èš±å ¬é第2615595å·åã³1981幎12æ22æ¥çºè¡ã®ç±³
åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4307256å·æ现æžïŒïŒç¬¬ïŒçŽãã¹ãããŠã
å¡©ïŒ1979幎ïŒæïŒæ¥çºè¡ã®ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4160116å·
æ现æžïŒïŒå¡©çŽ åã³ãšãŠçŽ åã¢ããªã³äº€ææš¹è
ïŒæå57幎ïŒæ27æ¥å ¬éã®æ¥æ¬ç¹èš±ç¹éæ57â
139026å·å ¬å ±ïŒïŒéšåçã«ã¢ãã³äžåããã¹ã«ã
ã³é žè§ŠåªãäŸãã°éšåçã«ã¢ãã³äžåããã¹ã«ã
ã³é žæš¹èïŒ1983幎ïŒæ12æ¥çºè¡ã®ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
4393254å·æ现æžïŒãå«ãŸããã éå±é žåç©ãå«ãçš®ã ã®éå±å«æååç©ãã¢ã«
ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã®å æ°Žå解çšè§ŠåªãšãŠææ¡ãããŠ
ãããäŸãã°ã1938幎12æ27æ¥çºè¡ã®ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
2141443å·æ现æžã«ã¯ãè±æ°Žæ§éå±é žåç©ãäŸã
ã°ãã¢ã«ãããããªã¢ïŒåã¯ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³ããã¿
ã³ããããžãŠã ãã¢ãªããã³åã¯ãžã«ã³ããŠã ã®
é žåç©ã®ååšäžã«ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããšæ°Žãåå¿
ãããŠã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã補é ããããšãé瀺ãããŠã
ãããã®åå¿ã¯ã液çžã§ããã€ãã®æ¶²çžãä¿ã€ã®
ã«é©ãã枩床åã³å§åã®æ¡ä»¶ã®ããšã§è¡ãªããã
ã®ç¹èš±æš©è ã¯ãäŸïŒã«ãããŠãã·ãªã³ã³ãšã¹ã
ã«ãã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«åã³æ°Žã®æ··åç©ãšæ··åããç¶ããŠ
觊åªã也ç¥ããããšã«ãããé»è²ã®ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³
é žè§Šåªãæ©æ¢°çã«ããå®å®åããããšãé瀺ããŠ
ãããåããã1957幎ïŒæ24æ¥çºè¡ã®ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
2807651å·æ现æžã«ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããšæ°Ž
ã®åå¿ãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±å¡©åºãã¢ã«ã³ã©ãŒãïŒãã¿
ã³ãã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³åã³ããªãŠã ã®é žåç©ã®è§Šåªäœ
çšãåããããšã¯å ¬ç¥ã§ãããšèšèŒãããŠããã ãããžãŠã ãã¢ãªããã³ãã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³ããã¿
ã³ãã¯ãã ããžã«ã³ããŠã ãã¿ã³ã¿ã«ãã¬ããŠ
ã ãåã³ããªãã®ãããªå€ãã®éå±ã¯ãαâãªã¬
ãã€ã³ã®ïŒïŒïŒâãšããã·ãåã³ææ©éé žåç©ã
補é ããããã®è§ŠåªæåãšããŠææ¡ãããŠããã
ãããã®è§Šåªã¯ã次ã®å æ°Žå解ã®éã«ãååšãã
ãŠããããšããããäŸãã°ã1969幎10æ28æ¥çºè¡
ã®ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3475499å·æ现æžã®äŸïŒåã³äŸïŒã«
ã¯ãã¢ãªããã³ããã¿ããŒã觊åªã®ååšäžã«ã11
ä¹è³15ççŽ ååãå«ãïœâαâãªã¬ãã€ã³ããšã
ã«ãã³ãŒã³ããããã«ãªãã·ãã§ãšããã·åãã
ããšãé瀺ãããŠãããèžçåŸãïŒïŒïŒâãšãã
ã·ãåã³ã¢ãªããã³å«æ觊åªãå«ãæ®æ¶²ãã0.5
ïŒ ã®æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã ãå«ãæ°Žãš90âã®æž©åºŠã§æ¥
觊ããããåå¿çæç©ãèžçãããšãïŒïŒïŒâãš
ããã·ãã®è»¢åçã¯100ïŒ ã§ããããããŠïŒïŒïŒ
âã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãžã®éžæçã¯94ïŒ ã§ãããšå ±åããŠ
ããã ããæè¿ã«ã¯ã1981幎ïŒæïŒæ¥çºè¡ã®ç±³åœç¹èš±
第4277632å·æ现æžã«ãã¢ãªããã³åã³ã¿ã³ã°ã¹
ãã³ãããªã矀ããéžãã å°ãªããšãïŒçš®ã®è§Šåª
ã®ååšäžã«ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã®å æ°Žå解ã§ã¢
ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã補é ããæ¹æ³ãé瀺ãããŠ
ããããã®ç¹èš±ã§ã¯ã觊åªã¯ãéå±ã¢ãªããã³å
ã¯éå±ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³ããããã¯ãããã®ç¡æ©åã¯
ææ©ååç©ãäŸãã°ãé žåç©ãé žããã©ã€ãããª
ã³ååç©ãããªé žãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±åã³ã¢ã«ã«ãªå
éå±å¡©ãé žåã³ããªé žã®ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã å¡©åã³éé
å±å¡©ãåã³ææ©é žå¡©ã§ãããšé瀺ããŠãããé瀺
ãããæ¹æ³ã®ç®çã¯ãååŠéè«å€ã®çŽïŒä¹è³ïŒå
ã®æ°Žãååšããå Žåã«ãããªã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã®ãããª
å¯çæç©ãå€å°ãšãçæãããã«ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªã
ã·ããå æ°Žå解ããããšã«ãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠãããã
ã®åå¿ã¯äºé žåççŽ ã®ååšäžã«è¡ãªã€ãŠããã
ããçªçŽ ã空æ°çãååšãããŠåå¿ãè¡ãªãå Ž
åãåå¿æ··åç©ã®PHãïŒä¹è³10ã®ç¯å²ã«èª¿ç¯ãã
å¿ èŠããããšç¹èš±æš©è ã¯ææããŠãããæå54幎
10æïŒæ¥å ¬éã®ç¹éæ54â128507å·å ¬å ±ã«ã¯ãé
å±ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³åã³ïŒåã¯ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³ååç©ã
çšããŠã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãåã³æ°Žããã¢ã«ãã¬ã³
ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã補é ããæ¹æ³ãé瀺ãããŠããã æå56幎ïŒæ17æ¥å ¬éã®ç¹éæ56â73035å·å ¬
å ±ã«ã¯ããã¿ã³ããžã«ã³ããŠã ããããžãŠã ãã
ãªããã¿ã³ã¿ã«åã³ã¯ãã ã®çŸ€ããéžãã å°ãªã
ãšãïŒçš®ã®å çŽ ãå«ãååç©ãããªã觊åªã®ååš
äžãäºé žåççŽ ã®é°å²æ°ã®ããšã«ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªã
ã·ããå æ°Žå解ããæ¹æ³ãé瀺ãããŠããããã
ãã®ååç©ã«ã¯ãé žåç©ãç¡«åç©ãé žããã©ã€
ãããªã³ååç©ãããªé žãé žåã³ããªé žã®ã¢ã«ã«
ãªéå±å¡©ãé žåã³ããªé žã®ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã å¡©ãåã³
é žã®ééå±å¡©ãå«ãŸããã æå56幎ïŒæ17æ¥å ¬éã®ç¹éæ56â73036å·å ¬
å ±ã«ã¯ãã¢ã«ãããŠã ãã±ã€çŽ ãã²ã«ãããŠã ã
ã¹ãºãéãéãã³ãã«ãåã³ããã±ã«ãå«ã矀ã
ãéžãã å°ãªããšãïŒçš®ã®å çŽ ãå«æããååç©
ãããªã觊åªã®ååšäžãäºé žåççŽ ã®é°å²æ°ã®ã
ãšã«ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããå æ°Žå解ããæ¹æ³ãé
瀺ãããŠããã æå56幎ïŒæ25æ¥å ¬éã®ç¹éæ56â92228å·å ¬
å ±ã«ã¯ãé«çŽåºŠã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã®è£œæ³ã«é¢
ãããã®ã§ããããã®é瀺ã®å 容ã¯ãäºé žåççŽ
ã®ååšäžã«ãããã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã®å æ°Žå解
å·¥çšããã¢ãªããã³åã³ïŒåã¯ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³å«æ
觊åªãååããããã®èžçæ³ã«é¢ããããã®åºé¡
ã§ã¯ã觊åªã¯ã¢ãªããã³åã³ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³ãããª
ã矀ããéžãã å°ãªããšãïŒçš®ã®ååç©ã§ãã€
ãŠããã®ååç©ã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã®ååç©ãã¢ã«ã«
ãªåéå±ã®ååç©ã第ïŒçŽã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã å¡©åã³ç¬¬
ïŒçŽãã¹ãããŠã å¡©ãããªã矀ããéžãã å°ãªã
ãšãïŒçš®ã®æ·»å å€ãšçµåããŠãããã奜ãŸãã觊
åªã¯ãã¢ãªããã³é žãã¢ãªããã³é žãããªãŠã ã
ã¢ãªããã³é žã«ãªãŠã ãã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³é žãã¿ã³ã°
ã¹ãã³é žãããªãŠã åã³ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³é žã«ãªãŠã
ã§ãããšèšèŒãããŠãããäŸäžã§çšããããŠãã
å¯äžã®æ·»å å€ã¯ãšãŠåãããªãŠã ã§ããã ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4551556å·æ现æžã«ã¯ã氎溶æ§ã®ã
ãããŒãã®ååšäžãvicâã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããš
æ°Žãšã®åå¿ã«ãããé«ãéžæçã§ã®ã¢ãã¢ã«ãã¬
ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã®è£œé ã«ã€ããŠé瀺ãããŠãããåŸ
ã€ãŠãã¢ãã°ãªã³ãŒã«çæç©ãžã®åªããéžæçã
æããé瀺ã®æ¹æ³ãçšããŠãäœãæ°ŽïŒã¢ã«ãã¬ã³
ãªãã·ãæ¯ãæ¡çšã§ãããããããŒãã«å¯Ÿããã«
ãŠã³ã¿ãŒã»ã€ãªã³ãéžãã§ãçšããåå¿æ¡ä»¶äžã§
氎溶æ§ã®ããããŒãå¡©ãšããããããã§ã¯ã¢ã«ã«
ãªéå±ãã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ã第ïŒçŽã¢ã³ã¢ããŠ
ã ãã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãé ãäºéãåã³éããã®ã«ã
ãªã³ã§ããããšã瀺åãããŠããããŸãããã®ã
ãããŒãã¯åå¿ç³»ã«å¡©ã®åœ¢ã§ãåã¯ã·ãªã¢ãã¢ã«
ããããŒãªã©ã€ãåã³ç²åã®ãããªæ äœäžã§å°å ¥
ããŠããããšãé瀺ãããŠããããã®ããããŒã
ã€ãªã³ã¯æ°Žæº¶æ§ã§ããã®ã§ãåå¿ç³»ãã倱ããã
å¯èœæ§ãããããããŠãã®ããšã¯åå¿åž¯åã®æµåº
液ãããã®ã€ãªã³ãååããæ段ãè¬ããªããã°
ãªããªãããšãæå³ããŠããã äŸãã°ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4277632å·æ现æžåã³ç¹é
æ54â128507å·ãç¹éæ56â73035å·ãç¹éæ56
â73036å·ãåã³ç¹éæ56â92228å·ã®åå ¬å ±ã«ç¹
ã«äŸç€ºãããæ¹æ³ã§ã¯ã觊åªãæããã«è§£é¢ããŠ
ããåäžçžã®åå¿æº¶åªã䜿çšããŠãããåžå Žã«é
çšããå質ãæããã¢ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã
ç¹ã«ããªãšã¹ãã«çšã®å質ã®ãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«
ãšããããã䞊ã³ã«å·¥æ¥çã«æç«ã€æ¹æ³ãšããã
ãã«ã觊åªã補é å·¥çšã«å䜿çšããåŸãã«é©ãã
圢æ ã§ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«çæç©ããåé¢ã
ãªããã°ãªããªãããããŸã§ãããçš®ã®ãã®ãã
ãªè§Šåªã®ååã«åå¥èžçæ³ãææ¡ãããŠæ¥ããã
ããããã®ãããªèžçã®éã«ããã觊åªã®å®å®æ§
ã«ã¯ç¹ã«åé¡ç¹ãææãããŠæ¥ããç¹éæ56â
92228å·åã³ç¹éæ56â118024å·å ¬å ±ïŒæå56幎
ïŒæ16æ¥å ¬éïŒã«ã¯ãã¢ãªããã³å«æ觊åªãèžç
ã«ããååããéã«ãã¢ãªããã³æ°Žåç©ãçããŠ
æ²æ®¿ãããã®ããåŠçäžã®å°é£æ§ãå¢ãããã€è§Š
åªã®æŽ»æ§ãäœäžãããæããããããšãé瀺ãã
ãŠãããããã«ãèžçå¡ã®PHãã¢ã«ã«ãªæ§ã«ãã
ãããŠã¢ãªããã³å«æ觊åªã®éå ã«ãã€ãŠãšãã¬
ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãé žåããããããããäž¡è ã«ãã
ã°ãªã³ãŒã«çæç©ã®å質ã¯æªåœ±é¿ãåããããã
ãã®é瀺å 容ã¯ãç¹ã«è§Šåªãå®å®åããç®çã§é
æ®ã«æ°Žã®æ·»å ãããªãããã®ã§ããã åŸã€ãŠãã°ãªã³ãŒã«çæç©ãããé«æ²žç¹ã®è§Šåª
ããèžæ°ãšããŠåé¢ããªããã°ãªããªãã®ã§ãå
å¥èžçã«ãã觊åªã®ååã¯åã«ãšãã«ã®ãŒæ¶è²»ã®
åé¡ãçããã ãã§ãªãã觊åªãäžå®å®ã«ããã
ããŠã°ãªã³ãŒã«çæç©ã®å質ã«åœ±é¿ãåãŒãã ã¢ãŒã«ã»ãã€ã»ãã¹ãïŒR.D.BestïŒããžãšãŒã»
ãšã€ã»ã³ãªã¢ãŒïŒJ.A.CollierïŒãããŒã»ãã€ãŒã»
ããŒã³ïŒB.T.KeenïŒåã³ãžãšãŒã»ãšã€ãã»ãã
ãœã³ïŒJ.H.RobsonïŒã®å°æ¹Ÿç¹èš±ç¬¬27502å·æ现æž
ã¯ãåºäœæ äœäžã«ããéœæ§ã®é¯äœçæéšäœãšé£æº
ããŠéžæçãé«ããã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã®ååš
äžã«ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããå æ°Žå解ããæ¹æ³ã«
é¢ãããã®ã§ããã容æã«å©çšå¯èœãªåºäœã«ã¯ã¢
ããªã³äº€ææš¹èãããã çºæã®æŠèŠ æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãïŒçš®ã®æ¶²çžãå«ãåå¿è§Šåªäž
ã§ãéžæçãé«ãã解é¢å¯èœãªã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ã
ãªã³å«æç©è³ªãçšããŠãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãåã³
æ°Žããã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã補é ããæ¹æ³ã«é¢
ããããã®åå¿è§Šåªäžã«ã¯ãæ°Žçžåã³æ°Žäžæ··åæ§
ã®æ¶²çžããã€ãŠãæ°Žäžæ··åæ§ã®çžã«ãããã¡ã¿ã©
ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªã®æ¿åºŠã¯æ°Žçžã«ãããæ¿
床ãããé«ããã®ã§ãããæ¬è³ªçã«ãã¹ãŠã®ã¡ã¿
ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªãæ°Žäžæ··åçžå ã«ãã
ããšã奜ãŸããã ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªãéæ°Žæ§ã®çžå
ã«ãã€ãŠããã¢ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã«å¯Ÿãã
é«ãéžæçã確ä¿ã§ããããšãèŠãã ãããã¡ã¿
ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªãæ°Žäžæ··åçžå ã«ãã
ã®ã§ãæ°Žçžã«å¯æº¶ãªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«çæç©
ããã®äžèšç©è³ªã®ååã¯å®¹æã§ããããããŠã¡ã¿
ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³åã¯ã°ãªã³ãŒã«çæç©ã®å質ã«
é床ãªæªåœ±é¿ãåãŒããªãæ¡ä»¶ã®ããšã§å®¹æã«è¡
ãªãåŸãç¹ãæå©ã§ããã åŸã€ãŠãæ¬çºæã¯ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã®æŽ»
æ§åã¯ã°ãªã³ãŒã«çæç©ã®å質ãæãªããã«ãã¡
ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªã容æã«ååããã
ã¢ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã®çæã«å¯Ÿããé«ãéž
æçã§ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã補é ããæ¹æ³ãæ
äŸãããã®ã§ãããããã«ãæ¬çºæã§ã¯ãã¢ãªã
ããŒãåã¯ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ããŒããããã¯ããã«äžå®å®
ãªããããŒãã®ãããªã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã䜿
çšãåŸãã æ¬çºæã®æ æ§ã«ãããŠã¯ãæ°Žã®ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªã
ã·ãã«å¯Ÿããã¢ã«æ¯ããæ £çšã®æ¹æ³ã§çšããŠãã
ã¢ã«æ¯ããå®è³ªçã«äœæžããããšãã§ããããã«
ãã€ãŠæ°Žçžããã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããååããé
ã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒæ¶è²»ã®ç¯æžãå³ãåŸããããã«ã䜿
çšããæ°Žã®éãæžãã«ãæãããæ°Žäžæ··åçžãä»
éçç±å®¹éãäžããã®ã§ãçºç±çå æ°Žå解ã®éã«
åå¿åž¯åå ã«é床ã®æž©åºŠã¯çºçããããšã¯ãªãã
åŸã€ãŠãæ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãæ¢åã®æ £çšçãªã¢ã«ã
ã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«è£œé è£ çœ®ãžã®æ°ããéšåãçµã¿èŸŒ
ãã æ¹é ãæ¹è¯ïŒã¬ãããã€ããå©çšïŒretrofit
applicationsïŒãå«ããŠãäžè²«ããå æ°Žå解ã®æ
äœãè¡ãªãããã®èšèšäžã®é©å¿æ§ãããªãããã åå¿å€ã«é¢ããæ€èš æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã§ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã補é ã
ãã®ã«çšããã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã¯ãäžèšã®äžè¬
åŒãæããvicâã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã§ããïŒ ãåã ïŒããã«ãR1ïŒR2ïŒR3åã³R4ã¯åäžã§ããã
åã¯ç°ãªãããããŠæ°ŽçŽ ãåã¯ïŒä¹è³çŽ20ççŽ å
åã®ãããã«ã«ãã«ãå«ã眮æåºã§ããïŒã 屡ã ãR1ïŒR2ïŒR3åã³R4ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ãïŒä¹è³çŽ10
ççŽ ãæããã¢ã«ãã«ãçŽ12ççŽ ãŸã§ãæããå
ç°åã¯ïŒç°ã¢ãªãŒã«ãïŒä¹è³10ççŽ ãæããã¢ã«
ã«ãªãŒã«ãïŒä¹è³çŽ15ççŽ ãæããåç°åã¯ïŒç°
ã¢ã©ã«ãã«ãïŒä¹è³35ççŽ ãæããã¢ã«ã±ãã«ã
ïŒä¹è³çŽïŒççŽ ãæããã·ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã«ãåã³
R1ïŒR2ãR3åã³R4ã®ãã¡ã®ïŒåãçµåããïŒä¹
è³çŽïŒççŽ ååãæããç°ç¶æ§é ã§ããã代衚ç
ãªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã«ã¯ããšãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã
ãããã¬ã³ãªãã·ããããã¬ã³ãªãã·ãïŒã€ãœã
ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããïŒïŒïŒâããã¬ã³ãªãã·ãåã³
ïŒïŒïŒâããã¬ã³ãªãã·ããå«ãïŒããã³ãã¬ã³
ãªãã·ããã¹ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããã·ã¯ãããã»ã³ãª
ãã·ãçããããã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã¯ãïŒåã¯
ïŒççŽ ååãæããèèªæã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã
å³ã¡ããšãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãåã³ãããã¬ã³ãªãã·ã
ã§ããããšã奜ãŸããã ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã¯ãã®è£œæ³åæ§ããç¥ãã
ãŠãããäŸãã°ããªã¬ãã€ã³ãšææ©ããããã«ãª
ãã·ããšã觊åªã®ååšäžã«åå¿ãããããšã«ã
ããåã¯é觊åªã®ååšäžã«ã¢ã«ã±ã³ãååç¶é žçŽ
å«æã¬ã¹ã§éšåçã«é žåããããšã«ãã€ãŠè£œé ã§
ããã ïŒæ¶²äœåã¯æ°Žèžæ°ãšããŠã®ïŒæ°Žã察å¿ããã¢ã«
ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã補é ããããã®åå¿å€ãšããŠ
çšãããéåžžããã®æ°Žã¯é©åœãªå質ã®ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³
ã°ãªã³ãŒã«çæç©ãçæããã«è¶³ãçŽåºŠã®ãã®ã§
ããã液ç¶ã®æ°Žã¯èžçãããåã¯ãäŸãã°ã€ãªã³
亀æåŠçã§è±ã€ãªã³åããã ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã¯ãå°ãªããšãïŒåã®é
å±å çŽ ãšãæ £çšçã«äºéçµåããé žçŽ ååãšãã
ãŠããå°ãªããšãïŒåã®é žçŽ é äœåãšãå«ãã¢ã
ãªã³æ§ã®æ§é ãç¹åŸŽçã«æããã æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã§æçšãªã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³
ã¯ãæ£ã®æ©èœçé žåç¶æ ãå³ã¡ãæãšããŠå°ãªã
ãšãïŒïŒã®é žåç¶æ ãäŸãã°ãïŒïŒä¹è³ïŒïŒåã¯
ïŒïŒãæããå€äŸ¡éå±ãå«ã¿ããããŠé·ç§»éå±ã§
ãã€ãŠãããããããã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã¯
äžèšã®äžè¬åŒã§ç€ºãããšãã§ããïŒ ãïŒïŒ¡ïŒqïŒïŒïŒ¯ïŒãa- ãããã«ãïœâã¯ã¢ããªã³ã®è² ã®é»è·ã§ãã€
ãŠãéåžžãâïŒãšâïŒã®éã§ãããã¯ïŒã®æ®ã
ã®åå䟡ïŒïœïŒãæºããããã®ïŒååã¯ãã以äž
ã®çœ®æåºã§ãåäžãåã¯ç°ãªã€ãŠããŠããããã
ããŠãäŸãã°ãäºéçµåããé žçŽ ïŒææ©ã®åºãäŸ
ãã°ãã¢ã«ãã«ãã¢ã«ã³ãã·ãã¢ã·ã«ãã¢ãªãŒ
ã«ãã¢ããããã¹ãã€ãçã§ãéåžžãïŒä¹è³12ç
çŽ ååãæãããã®ïŒããã²ã³ïŒäŸãã°ãå¡©çŽ ã
ããçŽ ããšãŠçŽ ïŒïŒââåã¯ââïœãã ããé ž
çŽ ååã®æ®ãã®åååã¯çµåããŠããªãã€ãªã³ã®
ç¶æ ã§ããããåã¯éå±ååïŒïŒçš®ã®éå±åã¯å€
çš®ã®éå±ãå«ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã«ããããšåæ§ã§ã
ãïŒåã¯ã«ããªã³ã«çµåããŠããïœãã æãäžè¬çã«ã¯ïŒ¡ã¯ââåã¯ïŒïŒ¯ã§ãããåº
çºç©è³ªã®ãªã«ã¬ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã«ããããââ
以å€ïŒäŸãã°å¡©çŽ ïŒã§ãã€ãŠããããšã®çœ®æåºã
å·¥çšã®éäžã§ââã«çœ®æããããšãå¯èœã§ã
ãã ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã«ãšã€ãŠæã奜ãŸããé
å±ã«ã¯ãåšæåŸè¡šç¬¬ïœåã³ç¬¬ïœæã®éå±ãäŸ
ãã°ããããžãŠã ãã¢ãªããã³åã³ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³
ãå«ãŸããããã¬ããŠã åã³ã²ã«ãããŠã ã®ãã
ãªãã®ä»ã®éå±ãå©çšãåŸããç¹ã«æçšãªä»£è¡šç
ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã«ã¯ãã¢ãªãããŒããã¿ã³
ã°ã¹ããŒããã¡ã¿ããããŒãããã€ãããžãšã³ã»
ããããããŒãåã³ããããããŒããå«ãŸãã
ïŒããããå€ãã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã«äŒŽãå
åŠã¯è€éã§ããã®ã§ãäœçšããååŠçš®ã®æ£ç¢ºãªæ§
é ã¯ç°ãªãããç¥ããªãïŒããã°ãã°ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒ
ãã»ã¢ããªã³ã¯åŒïŒ ãMoO4ã2-ã»ãVO3ã-ã»ãV2O7ã3-ã»ãV2O7ã4
âã»åã³ãWO4ã ã§æ £çšçã«è¡šããããå°ãªããšãïŒåã®ã¢ããªã³
ãå«ãããããããããã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããª
ã³ãç¹ã«ããããŒãã®ååŠã¯è€éã§ããããããŠ
æ¬æ¹æ³ã®æ¡ä»¶ã«ãããæ£ç¢ºãªååŠåŒã¯ç°ãªãããš
ãããåŸãã ãã¹ãŠã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ïŒãããžãŠã ã
ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³åã³ã¢ãªããã³ã®ãã®ãå«ãïŒãã¢
ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããšå ±ã«ææã®æŽ»æ§ãåãããã
ã§ã¯ãªããäŸãã°ãïŒæ·»å ããã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ã
ãªã³ãšããŠã®ïŒãã©ã¢ãªãããŒãåã³ãã©ã¿ã³ã°
ã¹ããŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã¯ããããããšããŠããéžæ
çãé«ãã掻æ§ãã»ãšãã©ç€ºããªãããšãèŠãã
ããã ç°å¢äžã®ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã«ã€ããŠã®ã¢ããª
ã³ã®èŠªæ žæ§åã³èŠªé»åæ§ãåºæºã«ããŠãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒ
ãã»ã¢ããªã³ã«çšããéå±ãéžã¶ããšãæå©ã§ã
ããäŸãã°ãæãšããŠéå±ã¯ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãå ã«ãã
ãŠã¯ããšãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã«é¢ããŠãåäžæ¡ä»¶äžã«
ã¬ããŠã ãã¬ããŒãã¢ããªã³å ã«ãããŠç€ºããã
ã倧ããèŠªæ žæ§ãæããããšããã°ãã°ããããŸ
ããã¡ã¿ã©ãŒããšããŠã®éå±ã¯ããšãã¬ã³ãªãã·
ãã«é¢ããŠããããžãŠã ãïŒãã®ååŠçš®ãšããŠïŒ
ãªã«ãããããŒãå ã«ãããŠç€ºãããã倧ãã芪
é»åæ§ãæããå Žåããã°ãã°ããã ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã«ãããéå±ã®èŠªæ žæ§å
ã³èŠªé»åæ§ã®è¿äŒŒå€ãæ±ããããã®ç¹ã«äŸ¿å©ãªæ¹
æ³ã¯ãå®è³ªçã«åäžã®å æ°Žå解æ¡ä»¶ã®ããšã«ã
ïŒã¢ããªã³ãåºæºã«ããŠïŒçã¢ã«éã®åœè©²ã¡ã¿ã©
ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³åã³åç §ã¢ããªã³ãçšããŠãã¢ã
ãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãçããæ¯çåã³éžæçãæ¯
èŒãããã®ã§ãããç°¡ååããããã«ãã«ããªã³
ããããªãŠã ãšãããã¢ããšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã
çããæ¯çåã³ïŒåã¯éžæçãã¬ããŒãã»ã¢ããª
ã³ã瀺ãå€ä»¥äžã ã€ããšãããšãæããããã®é
å±ã¯ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒããšããŠããšãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã«é¢ã
ãŠã¬ããŒããããèŠªæ žæ§ãå°ããããšã«ãªãããš
ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã®çæçã¯èæ ®ããã«ããžãšãã¬
ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«åã³ããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã®çæ
ããªã«ãããããŒãã®å Žåãããå€ããšãããšã
æããããã®éå±ã¯ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒããšããŠããšãã¬ã³
ãªãã·ãã«é¢ããŠãªã«ãããããŒãããã芪é»å
æ§ãå°ããããšã«ãªãã ãããã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã¯ã«ããªã³ãšäŒ
åãããããŠã«ããªã³ãã解é¢å¯èœã§ããããã
ãã®ã«ããªã³ã¯ãåå¿æ¡ä»¶äžã§æ°Žã«å®è³ªçã«äž
溶ãåã¯ã»ãšãã©æº¶è§£åºŠãæããªãããã¡ã¿ã©ãŒ
ãã»ã¢ããªã³ã¯ã¢ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã«å¯Ÿã
ãé«ãéžæçãåãåŸããããããã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»
ã¢ããªã³ãå åºã«çµåãããããšãææã®æŽ»æ§ã
æããªããªããåŸã€ãŠããããžã³é žã«ã«ã·ãŠã
ã¯ãæ°Žäžã§æº¶è§£åºŠãã»ãšãã©æããããããŠã¡ã¿
ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ãå ãçµåãããŠä¿æããŠãã
ãããã®ååç©ã¯çšãåŸãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãå«æååç©
ã§ã¯ãªãããšãå€æããŠããã æ¬çºæã®äžæ æ§ã«ããã°ãã«ããªã³ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒ
ãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªããæ°Žãšæ¯èŒããŠææ©åªäœ
äžã«åªå çã«å¯æº¶åããŠãããæãšããŠãã¡ã¿ã©
ãŒãå«æç©è³ªã¯ãæå®ã®æ°Žäžæ··åæ§ææ©æº¶åªïŒäŸ
ãã°ãã«ãšã³ïŒäžã«ãããŠãæå®ã®æž©åºŠïŒäŸãã°
25âïŒã§èžçæ°Žäžã«ããããããé«ã溶解床ãæ
ãããããå Žåã«ã¯ã溶解床ä¿æ°ã¯èžçæ°Žäž25â
ã®æº¶è§£åºŠãããå°ãªããšãçŽïŒåãäŸãã°ãå°ãª
ããšãçŽ20åãšãªãã æ¬çºæã®å¥ã®æ æ§ã§ã¯ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãå«æç©è³ªã¯
èžçæ°Žã«å®è³ªçã«äžæº¶ã§ãããå ·äœçã«ã¯çŽ50ïœ
以äžãäŸãã°10ïœä»¥äžã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãå«æç©è³ªã25
âã§æ°ŽïŒäžã«æº¶è§£ãããããçš®ã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãå«
æç©è³ªã¯æ°Žãšäžæ··åæ§ã§ããããããŠãããã®ã¯
åšå²æž©åºŠãäŸãã°25âã§åºäœã§ãããæã¯æ¬çºæ
ã®æ¹æ³ã«é©ãã枩床ãäŸãã°çŽ50°ä¹è³250âã§ã
åºäœã§ããã ç¹ã«æçšãªã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãå«æç©è³ªã¯ææ©ç©ãå«ã
ã«ããªã³ïŒä»¥äžããªã«ã¬ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒããšåŒã¶ïŒã
æãããã®ã§ããã ãããã®ãªã«ã¬ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã¯äžèšã®äžè¬åŒã§
è¡šããããšãã§ããïŒ ïŒ ãïŒROïŒnYoãx+ãLxâ²+ãx-1ãïŒïŒ¡ïŒqïŒãa- ïŒããã«ããïŒROïŒnYoãx+ã¯æ£ã®é»è·ïŒžãæãã
ææ©ç©ãå«ãã«ããªã³ã§ãããã¯å€åå䟡å çŽ
ã§ãã€ãŠãã€ãªã³æ§é»è·ãæ ãäžå¿ã§ãããRO
ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ã§ããããåã¯ãããææ©ç©ãå«ãã«ããª
ã³ããããã«ã«ãã«çœ®æåºãå«ãROãå°ãªããš
ãïŒåæãããšãããšããããã«ã«ãã«å«æ眮æ
åºã§ãããïœã¯ãã¹ãŠã®ROåºã«ã€ããŠïŒ¹ãå ±æ
ããå¹³åã®é»å察æ°ã§ãããïœã¯é»è·ãæ ãäžå¿
ã®æ°ã§ãããïœïŒïœåã³ïœã¯çåŒïŒ ïœïŒïœïŒïŒ¶âïœïŒ ã®é¢ä¿ãæãããããã«ãã¯ïŒ¹ã®å¹³åã®å®èœç
é žåç¶æ ã§ãã€ãŠãROãžã®çµåã«åãçšãã
åé»å察ã«ã€ããŠïŒã®å€ãèãããããŠïŒ¹ã®å®èœ
çé žåç¶æ ã¯ROã«çµåããé»å察ãšïœïŒïœãšã®
åã§ãããïœã¯ïŒä¹è³ïŒã®æŽæ°ã§ãããã¯xâ²ã®
æ£ã®é»è·ãæããã«ããªã³ã§ãã€ãŠãææ©ç©ãå«
ãã«ããªã³ãšåäžã§ãããåã¯ç°ãªã€ãŠãããã
xâ²ã¯éåžžïŒåã¯ïŒã§ãããïœã¯ææ©ç©ãå«ãã«ã
ãªã³ã®æ°ã§ãããïŒä¹è³ïŒã§ãããåŸã€ãŠãã¡ã¿
ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã®è² ã®é»è·ïœã¯ïœïŒãïŒïœâïŒïŒ
ïŒxâ²ïŒãã®éã«çããïŒã ææ©ç©ãå«ãã«ããªã³ã«æçšãªãããã«ã«ãã«
å«æ眮æåºã¯ããã°ãã°å°ãªããšãïŒççŽ ååã
æãããããŠã¢ããªã³ãšåå¿ããªãæ®åºã§ããã«
眮æããŠãããã ã¯ä»»æã®é©åœãªã«ããªã³ã§ããããããŠå Žå
ã«ããããã®ä»ã®ææ©ç©å«æã«ããªã³åã¯éææ©
ç©å«æã«ããªã³ã§ãã€ãŠãã¢ããªã³ã®é»è·ãšè¡¡ã
åããã®ã§ãããã«ã¯ãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ãã¢ã«ã«
ãªåéå±ãé ãäºéãéãã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã«ããª
ã³ããã¹ãããŠã ã«ããªã³ãã¹ã«ãããŠã ã«ããª
ã³ãåã³ãã®ä»ã®ã«ããªã³ïŒææ©ç©ãå«ãã«ããª
ã³ãäŸãã°ãïŒä¹è³çŽ12ççŽ ãæããã¢ã«ãã«ã
ã¢ã«ã³ãã·ãã¢ã·ã«ãã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¢ããããã¹ã
ã€ãçãå«ããã®ïŒãããã é©åœãªã«ããªã³ã«ã¯äžèšã®äžè¬åŒã§è¡šãããã
æ§é ãå«ãŸããïŒ ãåŒãåã¯ãåŒã ãããã«ãã¯çªçŽ ããªã³ããçŽ ïŒäžè¬åŒïŒ¡ã®
å ŽåïŒãåã¯ç¡«é»ïŒäžè¬åŒïŒ¢ã®å ŽåïŒãå³ã¡ãã¢ã³
ã¢ããŠã ããã¹ãããŠã ãã¢ã«ãœããŠã åã³ã¹ã«
ãããŠã ã§ãããR5ïŒR6ïŒR7åã³R8ã¯ãããã
åäžã§ãããåã¯ç°ãªã€ãŠãããããããŠçµåã
ãŠç°ç¶æ§é ã圢æããããšãããïŒã åR5ïŒR6ïŒR7åã³R8ã®äŸãšããŠã¯ãæ°ŽçŽ ãå
ã³ïŒååã¯ãã以äžã®ççŽ ååïŒäŸãã°çŽ70ççŽ
ååãŸã§ïŒãæããé眮æåã³çœ®æãããã«ã«ã
ã«ãããããžãšã€ã»ã¢ãŒã«ã»ããªãã°ã¹ïŒJ.R.
BriggsïŒåã³ãžãšãŒã»ãšã€ãã»ãããœã³ïŒJ.H.
RobsonïŒã®åœéå ¬éçªå·WO85ïŒ04406å ¬å ±ã«
ã¯ã代衚çãªã«ããªã³ãé瀺ãããŠããã æçšãªææ©ç©ãå«ãã«ããªã³ã«ã¯ãäžèšã®äžè¬
åŒã§è¡šãããããã¹ïŒãããã«ã«ãã«ãã¹ãã€
ã³ïŒã€ãããŠã ãå«ãŸããïŒ ãïŒR9 3ïŒ2ã+ ïŒããã«ãR9ã¯ããããåäžã§ãããåã¯ç°
ãªã€ãŠãããããããŠäžèšã®R5ä¹è³8ã«ã€ããŠèš
èŒãããã®ãšåãã§ãã€ãŠãããïŒã ãããã®ã€ãããŠã ã®äŸã¯ãåœéå ¬éçªå·
WO85ïŒ04406å ¬å ±ã«é瀺ãããŠããã ææ©ç©ãå«ãã«ããªã³ã®äŸã«ã¯äžèšã®ååç©ã
ããïŒ ããã©ãããã«ã«ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãäŸãã°ã
ããã©ã¡ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãããã©ãšãã«ã¢ã³ã¢
ããŠã ãããã©âïœâãããã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãã
ãã©âïœâããã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãããã©ã€ãœãã
ã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãããªã¡ãã«ããã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠ
ã ãããã©ãããã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãããã©ããšã
ã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãããã©ãã³ãžã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã
ããã©ããã·ã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãããã©ãªã¯ã¿ãã·
ã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã çïŒããªãããã«ã«ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ã
ãŠã ãäŸãã°ãããªã¡ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãããªãš
ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãããªããšãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã
ããªããã·ã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãããªãªã¯ã¿ãã·ã«ã¢
ã³ã¢ããŠã çïŒãžãããã«ã«ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã
äŸãã°ããžã¡ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ããžãšãã«ã¢ã³ã¢
ããŠã ããžâïœâããã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ããžâïœâ
ãããã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ããžããšãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠ
ã ããžãã³ãžã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ããžããã·ã«ã¢ã³ã¢
ããŠã ããžãªã¯ã¿ãã·ã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã çïŒããã
ã«ã«ãã«ãäŸãã°ãã¡ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãïœâã
ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãããã·ã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ããªã¯
ã¿ãã·ã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãããšãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã
ãã³ãžã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã çïŒããã©ãããã«ã«ãã«
ãã¹ãããŠã ãäŸãã°ãããã©ã¡ãã«ãã¹ãããŠ
ã ãããã©ãšãã«ãã¹ãããŠã ãããã©âïœâã
ããã«ãã¹ãããŠã ãããã©âïœâããã«ãã¹ã
ããŠã ãããã©ã€ãœããã«ãã¹ãããŠã ãããªã¡
ãã«ããã«ãã¹ãããŠã ãããã©ããã«ãã¹ãã
ãŠã ãããã©ããšãã«ãã¹ãããŠã ãããã©ãã³
ãžã«ãã¹ãããŠã ãããã©ããã·ã«ãã¹ãããŠ
ã ãããã©ãªã¯ã¿ãã·ã«ãã¹ãããŠã çïŒããªã
ããã«ã«ãã«ãã¹ãããŠã ãäŸãã°ãããªã¡ãã«
ãã¹ãããŠã ãããªãšãã«ãã¹ãããŠã ãããªã
ãšãã«ãã¹ãããŠã ãããªããã·ã«ãã¹ãããŠ
ã ãããªãªã¯ã¿ãã·ã«ãã¹ãããŠã ãçïŒãžãã
ãã«ã«ãã«ãã¹ãããŠã ãäŸãã°ããžã¡ãã«ãã¹
ãããŠã ããžãšãã«ãã¹ãããŠã ããžâïœâãã
ã«ãã¹ãããŠã ããžâïœâãããã«ãã¹ãããŠ
ã ããžããšãã«ãã¹ãããŠã ããžãã³ãžã«ãã¹ã
ããŠã ããžããã·ã«ãã¹ãããŠã ããžãªã¯ã¿ãã·
ã«ãã¹ãããŠã çïŒãããã«ã«ãã«ãã¹ãããŠ
ã ãäŸãã°ãã¡ãã«ãã¹ãããŠã ãïœâããã«ã
ã¹ãããŠã ãããã·ã«ãã¹ãããŠã ããªã¯ã¿ãã·
ã«ãã¹ãããŠã ãããšãã«ãã¹ãããŠã ããã³ãž
ã«ãã¹ãããŠã çïŒãã¹ïŒãããã«ã«ãã«ãã¹ã
ã€ã³ïŒã€ãããŠã ãäŸãã°ããã¹ïŒããªããšãã«
ãã¹ãã€ã³ïŒã€ãããŠã ããã¹ïŒããªãã³ãžã«ã
ã¹ãã€ã³ïŒã€ãããŠã ããã¹ïŒããªã¡ãã«ãã¹ã
ã€ã³ïŒã€ãããŠã ããã¹ïŒããªããã·ã«ãã¹ãã€
ã³ïŒã€ãããŠã çïŒïŒçŽåãžã¢ãã³ãäŸãã°ã
ïŒNâ²âãã¹ïŒããªã¡ãã«ïŒãããã¬ã³ãžã¢ã
ã³ãïŒNâ²âãã¹ïŒããªããšãã«ïŒãããã¬ã³
ãžã¢ãã³ãïŒNâ²âãã¹ïŒããªãªã¯ã¿ãã·ã«ïŒ
ãããã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ïŒåã³ïŒçŽåãžãã¹ãã€ã³ã
äŸãã°ãïŒPâ²âãã¹ïŒããªã¡ãã«ïŒãããã¬ã³
ãžãã¹ãã€ã³çã ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã¯ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããª
ã³ãšããŠãåã¯æ¬¡ã®ååŠåå¿ã«ãã€ãŠææã®ã¡ã¿
ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã«è»¢åãããç¶æ ã§åå¿æ··åç©
ã«å ãããåŸã€ãŠããã©ã€ããã¹ã«ãã€ãçãé
å±å«æååç©ãææã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã®å
é§ç©è³ªãšããŠçšããŠãããããããã®åé§ç©è³ªã®
ãããã®ã¯å æ°Žå解åå¿ã«éã«ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã«è»¢å
ãããã ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã¯å¡©ã®åœ¢ã§çšããŠããããåã¯ã·ãª
ã«ãã¢ã«ãããã¢ã¬ããŠã©ãŒã»ã·ãŒãããŒãªã©ã€
ããç²åçã®ãããªæ äœã«æ æãããŠåå¿ç³»ã«å°
å ¥ããŠããããæ¬æ¹æ³ãè¡ãªãéããã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒ
ãã¯åºå®åºã®æ¶²çžå ã§æº¶è§£ãæ··åãæžæ¿ãåã¯èž
çãããç¶æ ã§çšãããã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã¯ãåå¿ç³»å
ã«å°å ¥ãã¹ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããšæ··åããŠåå¿
ç³»ã«å ããŠããããåã¯å¥ã®å°å ¥éšã«ãã€ãŠåå¿
ç³»ã«å°ããããããã¯åå¿åž¯åå ã®äžæ··åæ§ææ©
çžäžã§çšããŠãããããªã«ã¬ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã氎溶
æ§ã®å Žåã¯ãåå¿åž¯åã®è£å ãè¡ãªãããšãæãŸ
ãããã¡ã¿ã©ãŒããå°å ¥ãã決å®çãªæ段ã«ã€ã
ãŠã¯ç¹ã«å¶éã¯ãªãããããŠãã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã¯ã
æãšããŠåå¿ã®åãã«å ãããããŠïŒåã¯åå¿äž
ã«äžå®é床ã§é£ç¶åã¯æç¶çã«å ããã ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã®çæ æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã§ã¯ãæ°Žçžåã³æ°Žäžæ··å液çžãã
ãªãæ°Žå«æåå¿æº¶åªäžã§ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããæ°Ž
ãšæ¥è§Šãããã ãã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãïŒçš®é¡ä»¥äžã®çžãå«ã溶åªã§è¡ãª
ãåå¿ã«é©ããä»»æã®æ¹æ³ã§è¡ãªãåŸããäŸã
ã°ãæ°Žçžé£ç¶çžããªããŠããŠããããåã¯æ°Žäžæ··
åçžãé£ç¶çžã§ãã€ãŠããããäžè¬ã«ãäžé£ç¶çž
ãããåæ£ãããããŠå°ããªæ³¡ç¶ã«ãªã€ãŠããŠçž
ã®éã®çé¢ã®é¢ç©ã倧ããããããšãæãŸããã
äŸãã°ããã®äžé£ç¶çžã¯çŽåŸãçŽïŒcm以äžãå ·äœ
çã«ã¯çŽïŒcm以äžãå³ã¡çŽ0.01ä¹è³0.5cm以äžã®
泡ãæãããåæ£ã匷åããããã®è£ 眮ãšããŠæª
ææ©ãå€ååæ£ç®¡ããã®ä»ãçšããŠãããããã
ããã¢ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã«å¯Ÿããéžæçã
é«ããã«ã¯ãå¿ ãããåæ£ããçžãæããããšã
äžå¯æ¬ ã§ã¯ãªããåœç¶ãªããããããã®çžã¯åå¿
ãè¡ãªãéã«çžé£ãå±€ã圢æããããšãããã æ°Žçžåã³æ°Žäžæ··åæ§ã®æ¶²çžã®çžå¯Ÿçãªéã¯ãäŸ
ãã°ã容éãåºæºãšããŠ1000ïŒïŒä¹è³ïŒïŒ1000ãš
倧巟ã«å€åãåŸããéåžžãæ°Žçžã®éã¯æ¬æ¹æ³ã«çš
ããã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãéã®é¢é£ã«ãããŠéžã¶ã
äœæ ãªããã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããåå¿å€ã§ããã
åŸã€ãŠã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«çæç©ããåé¢ãã
å¿ èŠãããããã§ãããæ £çšã®ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·
ãã®å æ°Žå解æ³ã§ã¯ãæ«åå¿ã®æ°Žãå·åŽçšæŸç±å
ãšããŠäŸçµŠããŠãçºç±çå æ°Žå解åå¿ã®éã«ææ
ã®æž©åºŠãç¶æããå©ããšããŠããããæ¬çºæã®æ¹
æ³ã§ã¯ãæ°Žäžæ··åçžãããçšåºŠãŸã§å·åŽçšæŸç±å
ã®æ©èœãæãã®ã§ãäžèšã®ãããªé æ ®ã¯æãšããŠ
éèŠã§ã¯ãªããïŒæ¬æ¹æ³ã®æ¡ä»¶äžã§ã¯æ¶²ç¶åã¯æ°Ž
èžæ°ç¶ã§çšããïŒæ°Žã®ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã«å¯Ÿã
ãã¢ã«æ¯ã¯ããã°ãã°çŽ0.5ä¹è³50ïŒïŒã®ç¯å²å
ã§ããã奜ãŸããã¯ãçšããæ°Žã®éã¯ååŠéè«ã
åºæºãšããŠå°ãªããšãå ãããã¹ãŠã®ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³
ãªãã·ããšåå¿ããã«è¶³ãéã§ãããå³ã¡ããã
ãã®ã¢ã«æ¯ã¯å°ãªããšãïŒïŒïŒä¹è³çŽ40ïŒïŒåã¯
50ïŒïŒãŸã§ãäŸãã°ãçŽïŒïŒïŒä¹è³20ïŒïŒã§ã
ãã æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããå æ°Žå解åå¿ã¯å°ãªããš
ãïŒéãã®çµè·¯ã«ãã€ãŠé²è¡ãããã®ãšèãã
ãããã®äžæ¹ã¯éžæçãé«ããã¡ã¿ã©ãŒããå«ã
ãã®ã§ããããããŠä»ã®äžæ¹ã¯æ £çšã®çµè·¯ã§ã
ããåŸã€ãŠãæ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã§ã¯ããžã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°
ãªã³ãŒã«åã³é«çŽã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã補é ããã®ãå¯èœ
ã§ãããå³ã¡ããã®ä»ã®å åããã¹ãŠåãã«ä¿ã€
ãšãæ°Žã®ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã«å¯Ÿããæ¯ã倧ã
ãã»ã©ãçæãããããã®ãžã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒ
ã«åã³é«çŽã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã®éãå€ããªãããã®äºå®
ã¯ãæ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ãè¡ãªãäžã§ã®èéæ§ã®çšåºŠã
瀺ããŠããããããã®é«çŽã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã®ææéã
åŸãããããããã®éã¯æ £çšã®æ¹æ³ã§åŸãããã
ãå°éã§ãããå€ãã®å Žåããããã®ã¢ã«æ¯ã¯
ïŒã¢ã«ãåºæºãšããŠïŒçŽïŒïŒïŒä¹è³10ïŒïŒã®ç¯å²
å ã§ããã ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã«å¯Ÿããéžæçã®åºŠåã«
圱é¿ãåãŒãå åãšããŠã¯ã䜿çšããã¡ã¿ã©ãŒ
ãã»ã¢ããªã³ã®éããããäžè¬ã«ããã®ä»ã®å å
ãåäžã«ä¿ã€ãšã䜿çšããã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³
ã®éãå€ãã»ã©ãã¢ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã«å¯Ÿ
ããéžæçãé«ããªããåŸã€ãŠãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢
ããªã³ã®ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã«å¯Ÿããæ¯ã¯ïŒïŒïŒ
åã¯10ïŒïŒãŸã§ããããã¯ãã以äžã§ãããçµæž
çã«ã¯ãéåžžãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã®ã¢ã«ãã¬
ã³ãªãã·ãã«å¯Ÿããæ¯ã¯çŽïŒïŒïŒä»¥äžã§ãããšã
ããŠãããæãšããŠããããã®ã¢ã«æ¯ã¯å°ãªããš
ãçŽ0.001ïŒ100ãäŸãã°ãçŽ0.05ïŒ100ä¹è³ïŒïŒ
ïŒãå ·äœçã«ã¯çŽ0.1ïŒ100ä¹è³ïŒïŒïŒãåã³æã
å€ãã®å ŽåãçŽïŒïŒ100ä¹è³0.5ïŒïŒã®ç¯å²å ã§ã
ããã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããšã®äŒåã«äŸãããïŒå
以äžã®çµåéšäœãæããã¢ããªã³ïŒäŸãã°ãã¢ãª
ãããŒãåã³ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ããŒãïŒã«é¢ããŠãååšã
ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã®ã¢ã«æ°ã決ããã«ã¯ã
ãã®ãããªçµåéšäœã®æ°ãåºæºã«ããŠã¢ã«æ°ãèš
ç®ãã¹ãã§ããã ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªã¯ãã®ç©è³ªèªäœ
ãæ°Žäžæ··åçžã圢æããŠããããæã¯ïŒçš®åã¯ã
ã以äžã®å®è³ªçã«æ°Žã«äžæº¶ã®æåãäŸãã°ãæ°Žäž
æ··åæ§ã®ææ©æ¶²äœã®ãããªæº¶åªã§ãã€ãŠãã¡ã¿ã©
ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªã溶解ãããã®ãšçµåã
ãŠãããããã®æº¶åªã¯ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãåã³ã¡
ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªãšåå¿ããªãããšã
奜ãŸãããããããããå Žåã«ã¯ãå®è³ªçã«æ°Žã«
äžæº¶ã®æº¶åªã«å ããŠãïŒïŒïŒâãžã¡ããã·ãšã¿ã³
ã®ãããªçžäºåå¿æ§ã®æº¶åªãçšããããšãæãŸã
ãã奜ãŸãã溶åªã¯ãå æ°Žå解åå¿ã®æ¡ä»¶äžã«ã¡
ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªãæ°Žã«æ¯ã¹ãŠåªå ç
ã«æº¶ãããã®ã§ãããæãšããŠãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢
ããªã³å«æç©è³ªã¯æº¶åªäžã«25âã§æ°Žäžã«ãããã
ããå°ãªããšãïŒåå¯æº¶ã§ããã溶åªã®ãã®ç¹æ§
ã«ãã€ãŠãã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãå«ãæ°Žçžããã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒ
ãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªã®ååãä¿é²ããããæãš
ããŠããã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªã¯æº¶åª
ã«æ¥µããŠå¯æº¶ã§ãããéåžžã25âã§æº¶åªïŒã«ã€
ãå°ãªããšãçŽ50ïœã®éã§æº¶ããã 液äœæº¶åªã®äŸã«ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã«ãã·ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã«
åã³è³éŠæãå«ã溶åªãç¹ã«ããã²ã³åã¢ã«ã
ã«ãã·ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã«åã³è³éŠæããããäŸãã°ã
ã·ã¯ããã³ã¿ã³ãã·ã¯ããããµã³ãã¡ãã«ã·ã¯ã
ãããµã³ãã·ã¯ãããã¿ã³ããã³ãŒã³ããã«ãš
ã³ããã·ã¬ã³ããããã³ããžã¯ããã¡ã¿ã³ãïŒïŒ
ïŒïŒïŒâããªã¯ãããšã¿ã³çã§ããããŸããã·ãª
ã³ãŒã³æ²¹åã³é±æ²¹ãæçšã§ãããäžèšã®æº¶åªã®ã
ã¹ãŠãæ¬çºæã®ãã¹ãŠã®æ¹æ³ã«é©ããããã§ã¯ãª
ãã æ°Žäžæ··åæ§ã®æ¶²çžã¯æ°Žãããçš å¯ã§ããããå
ã¯ããçš å¯ã§ãªããŠããããæãšããŠãæ°Žäžæ··å
æ§ã®æ¶²çžã®å¯åºŠãæ°Žçžã®å¯åºŠãããååã«ç°ãªã
ããã«ããŠçžåé¢ãä¿é²ããããäŸãã°ãããã
ã®å¯åºŠã¯ãå æ°Žå解åå¿ã®æ¡ä»¶äžã§å°ãªããšãçŽ
0.05ãå ·äœçã«ã¯å°ãªããšãçŽ0.1ïœïŒcm3ç°ãªã
ããã«ããã 溶åªãçšããå Žåã®éã¯å€§å·Ÿã«å€åãåŸããã
ãã°ãã°ãæ°ŽïŒå®¹éã«ã€ãçŽ0.1ïŒïŒä¹è³10ïŒïŒ
容éã®ç¯å²å ã§ãããçšãã溶åªã®éã¯ãæãšã
ãŠããã®æº¶åªã«ãããã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æ
ç©è³ªã®æº¶è§£åºŠãæ°Žäžæ··åçžãé£ç¶çžã§ãããã©ã
ããçºç±æ§å æ°Žå解åå¿ããã®ç±ãæŸæ£ããã®ã«
æãŸããéã§ãããçã«åºã¥ããŠæ±ºãŸãã ãã®å æ°Žå解ã¯ãæ°Žçžåã³æ°Žäžæ··åçžã液äœã«
ä¿ã¡ããã€å æ°Žå解ãé²è¡ããã«è¶³ãæ¡ä»¶ã®ããš
ã§è¡ãªãããšãã§ããããããã枩床ãããŸãé«
ãããŠãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªãé床ã«
æªåœ±é¿ãåããããã«ããŠã¯ãªããªããæãšã
ãŠãåå¿æž©åºŠã¯çŽ20âãšçŽ220âåã¯250âã®éã
äŸãã°çŽ50âãš200âã®éãå Žåã«ããçŽ80âãš
180âã®éã§ããã æ¬æ¹æ³ã¯æžå§ãåžžå§åã¯éå§äžã§è¡ãªãã䟿å®
äžããã®åå¿ã¯å žåçã«ã¯åšå²å§å以äžã®å§åã
äŸãã°ãã²ãŒãžå§çŽ0.1ã1000KgïŒcm2ã®éã奜ãŸ
ããã¯ã²ãŒãžå§çŽïŒã100KgïŒcm2ã§è¡ãªãã ãã®å æ°Žå解ã¯å®å šãªåå¿ã«ã¯äžååãªæéã§
è¡ãªãããããããäžè¬ã«ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããš
ã®å®å šãªåå¿ãè¡ãªãã«è¶³ãéã®æ°Žãçšããå Žå
ã«ã¯ãå®è³ªçã«ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãããã¹ãŠåå¿
ããã«è¶³ãæéã«ããã€ãŠåå¿ãè¡ãªãããšã奜
ãŸãããå®è³ªçã«å®å šãªåå¿ãå®çµãããã®ã«èŠ
ããæéã®é·ãã¯ã枩床ãååšããåå¿å€ã®éç
ãå«ããã®ä»ã®äœ¿çšæ¡ä»¶ã«ãã€ãŠæ±ºãŸãããã®å
å¿ã¯æ¥µããŠçãæéãäŸãã°ïŒç§ã®æ°åã®ïŒã§è¡
ãªã€ãŠãããããããŠãææã«ããæ°æéãŸã§ã®
æéãäŸãã°ãçŽ0.01ç§ä¹è³ïŒæéã奜ãŸããã¯
çŽïŒç§ä¹è³30åã®éã§è¡ãªãã ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã¯åå¿æ¡ä»¶äžã§ã¬ã¹ã§ã
ãããããŠæ°æ³¡ã®åŸ®çŽ°åæ£äœãšããŠæ¶²ç¶åªäœäžã«
å°å ¥ããŠãããããå€ãã®å Žåãå§åã¯ã¢ã«ãã¬
ã³ãªãã·ãã液çžã«ä¿ã€ã«è¶³ããã®ã§ããã ãã®å æ°Žå解ã¯ãïŒå¥œãŸããã¯äžæŽ»æ§ã®ïŒã¬ã¹
ã®ååšäžã«è¡ãªã€ãŠããããçšãåŸãã¬ã¹ã«ã¯ç©º
æ°ãäºé žåççŽ ãçªçŽ ãã¢ã«ãŽã³çãå«ãŸããã
æ¬æ¹æ³ã®æ¬è³ªäžãåã³ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã®äŸçµŠ
æºïŒç¹ã«ã¢ã«ã±ã³ã®éšåé žåã«ããïŒãšããŠã®æ§
質ã«ãããäºé žåççŽ ããã°ãã°çšãããæãšã
ãŠãäºé žåççŽ ã®ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã«å¯Ÿããã¢
ã«æ¯ã¯0.1ïŒïŒä»¥äžãç¹ã«0.05ïŒïŒä»¥äžã§ãããã
åå¿æº¶åªã®PHã«åœ±é¿ã®åã¶ããšãæãŸããå Žåã¯
ãã®éãã§ã¯ãªãã åå¿æº¶åªã®PHã¯ãéåžžãçžå¯Ÿçã«äžæ§ïŒäŸãã°
çŽïŒã11ã®éã奜ãŸããã¯çŽïŒä¹è³10.5ïŒã«ä¿
ã¡ããããŠå€ãã¯PHãçŽïŒä¹è³10ã®ç¯å²å ã§ã
ããããããŒããã¿ã³ã°ã¹ããŒãåã³ã¢ãªãããŒ
ãã®ãããªããçš®ã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã«ã€ã
ãŠã¯ãåªäœã®PHã¯ååšããååŠçš®ã«ãã€ãŠéå®ã
ãããäŸãã°ã匷塩åºæ§ã§ã¯ãªã«ãããããŒãã
æåã§ããããäžæ§æ¡ä»¶ã§ã¯ã¡ã¿ããããŒããæ
åã§ããããã®ä»ã®äŸã§ã¯ãããé žæ§ã®åªäœã«ã
ã€ãŠå€æ žã¢ãªãããŒãã®åœ¢æãä¿é²ãããããã
ã®ãã®ã¯äŒåéšåã®åœ¢æã«å¯Ÿãã掻æ§ãïŒããã
ãã«ããŠãïŒäœãã åœæ¥çã§åšç¥ã®éããé žåã¯å¡©åºã®æ·»å ããã
ãã¯ç·©è¡å€ãå ããããšã«ãã€ãŠPHãææã®ç¯å²
å ã«ä¿ã€ãããããå¡©ãçæããŠååšããããšå
ã³ãã®æ§è³ªã«ã€ããŠé æ ®ãã¹ãã§ãããäœæ ãª
ãããã®ã«ããªã³ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã®ãã
ã®ã«ããªã³ãšçœ®ãæ¿ããåŸãããã§ãããä»ã®å
åŒã®å æ°Žå解æ³ã§ææPHã®ä¿æã«ã€ããŠææ¡ãã
ãæ¹æ³ã«ã¯ãäºé žåççŽ ãç¡æ©é žåã¯ææ©é žãäŸ
ãã°ãç¡«é žãå¡©é žåã³é ¢é žãæ·»å ããããšãå«ãŸ
ããŠãããåå¿æº¶åªã®PHå€ãä¿ã€ããã®è©Šå€ã¯ä»»
æã®æ £çšã®æ¹æ³ã§å ããŠããããäŸãã°ãåå¿ã®
éã®æ·»å ïŒäŸãã°äºé žåççŽ ãããŒãžãã€ã€è¡ãª
ãïŒãåã¯ãããã®åå¿å€ãåå¿åšã«å°å ¥ããã«
å ç«ã€ãŠïŒçš®åã¯ãã以äžã®åå¿å€ã«å ããæ¹æ³
ã§ããã PHãææã®ç¯å²å ã«ä¿ã€ããšã«ã¯ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒ
ãã»ã¢ããªã³ã®å®å®æ§ãåäžãããïŒæ¬¡çãªå¹æ
ãããã æ¬çºæã«ããæ¹æ³ã§çšããéã®ãªã«ã¬ãã¡ã¿ã©
ãŒãã®å®å®æ§ã¯ãå°éã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«
æç©è³ªãæ°Žäžæ··åçžã«å ããããšã«ãã€ãŠé«ããŠ
ããããæ·»å ããã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã¯ãæãš
ããŠ1000ppmïŒééïŒã®éã§çšãããããŠãã®æ·»
å ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã®ãªã«ã¬ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã«
察ããã¢ã«æ¯ã¯çŽïŒïŒ50ä¹è³ïŒïŒ1000ãšãããæ·»
å ããã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªã¯ããããª
ãŠã åã¯ã«ãªãŠã ã»ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã®ãããªãã氎溶
æ§ã®å¡©ãçšãããšäŸ¿å©ã§ãããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
4579983å·æ现æžãåç §ã®ããšã æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãé©åœãªåŠçè£ çœ®ãçšããŠãå
ååŒãåé£ç¶åŒåã¯é£ç¶åŒã§è¡ãªããäŸãã°ãçž
éã®æ¥è§Šãä¿é²ãããæ段ãäŸãã°ãæªææ©ãã
ããã³ããã¬ãŒãã¹ããŒãžã€ãŒçãåä»ãã容åš
å ã§åå¿ãè¡ãªããäŸçµŠåæãå³ã¡çš®ã ã®æåã¯
åå¿åšã«å°å ¥ããåã«äºãæ··åããããåã¯ãã
ãã®æåãå¥ã ã«åå¿å®¹åšã«å°å ¥ããŠããããäŸ
ãã°ãæ°Žäžæ··åæ§ã®æ¶²çžãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããš
æ··åãããããŠåå¿å®¹åšå ã®æ°Žçžã«å°å ¥ããããš
ãã§ãããå¥æ³ã§ã¯ãæ°Žäžæ··åæ§ã®æ¶²çžåã³æ°Žçž
ãå«ãåå¿å®¹åšã«ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããåç¬ã«å°
å ¥ããŠãããããããã«ãããå°ãªããšãäžéšã®
ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãããæ°Žãšã®åå¿ã«å ç«ã€ãŠã
ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªãå«ãå®è³ªçã«æ°Ž
ã«æ°Žæº¶ã®çžãšæ¥è§Šããæ©äŒãèšããããã«æ¬æ¹æ³
ãè¡ãªãã¹ãã§ããã éåžžãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«çæç©ãåå¿æº¶åª
ããåé¢ãããããŠã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©
質ãæ¬æ¹æ³ã§ããã«äœ¿çšããããã«ååããããš
ãæãŸãããã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¯éåžžã液ç¶
ã®æ°Žçžã«åªå çã«æº¶è§£ããã®ã§ãã°ãªã³ãŒã«çæ
ç©ã¯çžåé¢ïŒäŸãã°ãåŸçæ³ãé å¿åé¢ïŒã«ãã€
ãŠæ°Žäžæ··åçžããåé€ãããããŠååããããšã
ã§ããããã®ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã«å¯ãæ°Žçž
ã¯ãäŸãã°ãæ°Žãé€ãããã®å€éå¹çšåŒèžçºåšã
åã³é«çŽã°ãªã³ãŒã«äžçŽç©åã³ãã®ä»ã®äžçŽç©ã
ãã¢ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã粟補ããããã®èžçæ³ïŒäŸã
ã°ç空èžçïŒãçšããããšã«ããã粟補ããŠé«çŽ
床ã®ã¢ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãååããããšã
ã§ãããåé¢ããæ°Žäžæ··åçžå ã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢
ããªã³å«æç©è³ªã¯å䜿çšããããã«åã³åŸªç°å©çš
ããããšãã§ããã ããå Žåã«ã¯ãåé¢ããæ°Žçžã¯çžåé¢åŸã«è¥å¹²
ã®æº¶è§£ããã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªãå«ã
ã§ããŠããããææã«ããããã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢
ããªã³å«æç©è³ªã¯é©åœãªæ¹æ³ã§ååãããäŸã
ã°ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªã¯ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒ
ãã»ã¢ããªã³åã¯ãã®äŒåã«ããªã³ãåªå çã«æº¶
解ããäžæ··åæ§æ¶²äœãšæ¥è§Šãããããšã«ãããæ°Ž
çžããæœåºããããšãã§ãããããã«è©³çŽ°ã«ã€ã
ãŠã¯ãæ¬çºæãšåæ¥ã«åºé¡ããããŒã»ãã€ãŒã»ã
ãŒã³çã®ç¹éæ60â222433å·å ¬å ±ãåç §ã®ããšã
å¥æ³ã§ã¯æ°ŽçžãããŠã»ã±ãã«ã«ç€ŸïŒDow
Chemical CompanyïŒããå ¥æå¯èœãªå¡©åç©ã
ä»å ããDOWEXïŒåååïŒMSAâïŒæš¹èã®ãã
ãªã¢ããªã³äº€ææš¹èãšæ¥è§ŠãããŠã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢
ããªã³ãååããŠãããããã®æš¹èãåé¢åã³å
æããŠãåæã«ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ãååãã
ããšãã§ãããããã«è©³çŽ°ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±
第4560813å·æ现æžåç §ã®ããšãåã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»
ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªãèžçïŒäŸãã°ãèžçºåã¯åå¥
èžçïŒã«ããã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ããååãã
ããšãå¯èœã§ãããããé«æž©ã®åé¢æ³ãäŸãã°ã
çŽ100°åã¯120â以äžãçšããå Žåãå°éã®æ°Žã
çšãããšå€ãã®ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ã®å®å®æ§ã
åäžããã 以äžã®äŸã¯æ¬çºæãç解ããäžã§ã®äžå©ãšãã
ããã®ãã®ã§ãããæ¬çºæãå¶éãããã®ã§ã¯ãª
ããç¹ã«ããšãããªãéããåºäœã®ïŒ åã³éšã¯ã
ã¹ãŠééãåºæºãšãããããŠæ¶²äœåã³æ°äœã¯ãã¹
ãŠå®¹éã«åºã¥ããã®ã§ããã åå¿çæç©ã®åæã¯æž©åºŠãããã°ã©ã åããã¬
ã¹ã¯ãããã°ã©ãã€ãŒã«ãã€ãŠè¡ãªã€ããããå
ææ³ã§ã¯ãã¯ãã¢ãœãŒãïŒChromosobïŒ101ïŒå
ååïŒïŒ60/80ã¡ãã·ãŠïŒãå å¡«ãã3.05ïœïŒ10ã
ã€ãŒãïŒÃ3.175mmïŒ1/8â³ïŒã®ã¹ãã³ã¬ã¹éŒã®ã«ã©
ã ãçšãããæ³šå ¥çšè©ŠæïŒïŒã3ÎŒïŒã¯ãå éš
æšæºãšããŠã0.12ä¹è³0.15ïœã®ïŒâãšãã«âïŒïŒ
ïŒâãããµã³ãžãªãŒã«ãäºãæ·»å ãã1.5ä¹è³2.0
ïœã®å æ°Žå解çæç©ã®è©Šæãã調補ããã ä»ã®æ¹æ³ã§ã¯ãå éšæšæºãšããŠçŽïŒééïŒ ã®
ïŒïŒïŒâãã¿ã³ãžãªãŒã«ãå ããããšã«ããè©Šæ
ã調補ããããã®æ··åç©çŽ50ÎŒããã€ãªãã€å·
ã¢ãŒãã³ã»ã°ã©ãïŒMorton GroveïŒã®ã¬ãžã¹ã»
ã±ãã«ã«ç€ŸïŒRegis Chemical CompanyïŒãã
å ¥æå¯èœãªRegisilïŒåååïŒïŒBSTFAïŒïŒïŒ®ïŒïŒ®
âãã¹ããªã¡ãã«ã·ãªã«ããªãã«ãªãã¢ã»ãã¢ã
ãïŒ1.0mlã«è¡æž çšãã€ã¢ã«äžã§å ãããããŠå°
ãªããšã12æéæ··åãããã¢ããšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒ
ã«ããžãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«åã³ããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãª
ã³ãŒã«ã®ééïŒ ã¯æšæºåã®æ°çžã¯ãããã°ã©ãã€
ãŒã«ãã€ãŠæ±ãããã80/100ã¡ãã·ãŠã®ã¯ãã¢ãœ
ãŒãWHPïŒåååïŒäžã«ä¿æãã20ïŒ ã®OVâ
101ã¡ãã«ã·ãªã³ãŒã³åºå®çžæ¶²äœããããã¯ãã
ãããã³ã·ã«ããã¢å·ãã¬ããªã³ã
ïŒBellefonteïŒã®ã¹ãã«ã³ç€ŸïŒSpelcoïŒInc.ïŒã
ãå ¥æå¯èœã§ããããå å¡«ããïŒïœÃïŒå€åŸïŒ
0.32cmïŒ1/8â³ïŒã®ã¹ãã³ã¬ã¹éŒã®ã«ã©ã ãåä»ã
ãããŠãŒã¬ããã»ããã«ãŒãïŒHewlett
PackardïŒ5880ïŒåååïŒåã¬ã¹ã¯ãããã°ã©ã
ãçšããã éžæçã¯ãïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒ€ïŒïŒŽïŒãÃ100ïŒ ãšããŠ
æ±ããããããã«ïŒ§ã¯åé¡ãšãªãã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã®é
éã§ãããïŒã¯ã¢ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã®éé
ã§ãããã¯ãžãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã®ééã§ã
ãããããŠïŒŽã¯ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã®éé
ã§ããã ç¹ã«ããšãããªãéãã以äžã®äŸã¯300mlã®ã
ãŒã«ïŒParrïŒåå¿åšãçšããŠè¡ãªã€ãã äŸ ïŒ ãšãã¬ã³ãªãã·ã16.04ïœãèžçæ°Ž16.19ïœãã
ã¹ãïŒããã©âïœâããã·ã«ïŒã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãã¢
ãªãããŒã2.92ïœåã³ãã«ãšã³26.24ïœãåå¿åš
ã«ä»èŸŒãã ãïŒçžã®åå¿åªäœãçãããããã®æ··
åç©ãé£ç¶çã«æªæããŠãããã®çžã®åæ£ãä¿ã€
ããã«ããããã®åå¿åªäœãïŒæéããããã«äž
ãŸããéçŽ140âã«å ç±ãããåå¿ã®éã«å§åã¯
çŽ160psigã«äžæãããããŠçŽ40psigã«äœäžããã
åå¿åšãå·åŽæ°Žã次ãã§æ°·æ°Žã§çŽïŒâãŸã§å·åŽ
ãããããŠéæŸãããæ°Žå±€ãååãããããŠåæ
ãããšãããã¢ããšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ïŒéžæç89
ïŒ ïŒããžãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ïŒéžæç11ïŒ ïŒåã³
ããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ïŒéžæçïŒïŒ 以äžïŒãå«
ãã§ããã äŸ ïŒ ãšãã¬ã³ãªãã·ã15.4ïœãèžçæ°Ž15.4ïœããã¹
ãïŒããã©âïœâãããã«ïŒã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãã¿ã³ã°
ã¹ããŒã0.775ïœåã³ãã«ãšã³27.67ïœãåå¿åšã«
ä»èŸŒãã ãïŒçžã®åå¿åªäœãçãããããã®æ··å
ç©ãé£ç¶çã«æªæããŠãããã®çžã®åæ£ãä¿ã€ã
ãã«ããããã®åå¿æ··åç©ãçŽïŒæéã«ããã€ãŠ
çŽ140âã«å ç±ãããåå¿ã®éã«å§åã¯çŽ155psig
ã«äžæãããããŠçŽ50psigã«äœäžããã次ãã§ã
åå¿åšãå·åŽæ°Žãç¶ããŠæ°·æ°Žã§çŽïŒâãŸã§å·åŽã
ããæ°Žå±€ãååãããããŠåæãããšãããã¢ã
ãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ïŒéžæç68ïŒ ïŒããžãšãã¬ã³
ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ïŒéžæç26ïŒ ïŒåã³ããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãª
ã³ãŒã«ïŒéžæçïŒïŒ ïŒãå«ãã§ããã äŸ ïŒ 50mlã®äžžåºã¬ã©ã¹è£œãã©ã¹ã³ã«ãã¹ïŒããªããš
ãã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ïŒã€ãããŠã ããããŒã10.0ïœå
ã³ãžã¯ããã¡ã¿ã³10mlãä»èŸŒãã ããã®æº¶æ¶²ã10
â以äžã«å·åŽãã次ãã§ïŒçŽïŒâã®ïŒãšãã¬ã³ãª
ãã·ã6.91ïœãå ããããã©ã¹ã³ã秀éããåŸã
ïŒçŽïŒâã®ïŒèžçæ°Ž6.91ïœãå ããŠãïŒçžã®åå¿
æ··åç©ãçæãããããã®æ··åç©ãçŽ æ©ãæªæ
ãããããŠãã©ã€ã¢ã€ã¹ïŒã¢ã»ãã³å·åŽåšãåä»
ããŠçŽïŒæééæµïŒçŽ35âïŒãããã次ãã§ãã
ã®æ··åç©ãåšå²æž©åºŠã§ïŒå€æŸçœ®ããã次ãã§ãæ
æ©å±€ããæ°Žå±€ãåé€ãããããŠåæãããšããã
ã¢ããšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãå«ãã§ããããžãšãã¬
ã³åã¯ããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¯æ€åºãããªãã€
ãã äŸ ïŒ å·åŽåšãåä»ãã50mlã®äžžåºã¬ã©ã¹è£œãã©ã¹ã³
ãæªæãã€ã€ããã¹ããã¹ïŒããªããšãã«ãã¹ã
ã€ã³ïŒã€ãããŠã ãã¢ãªãããŒã1.0ïœãã·ã¯ã
ããã»ã³ãªãã·ãïŒmlãèžçæ°Ž1.0mlåã³ïŒïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒâããªã¯ãããšã¿ã³5.0mlãä»èŸŒãã ãå·åŽåš
ããã©ã€ã¢ã€ã¹ïŒã¢ã»ãã³ã§å·åŽãã€ã€ããã®æ··
åç©ãïŒæéã«ãããïŒåšå²å§åã§ïŒéæµãã
ããå ç±åã³æªæãåæ¢ãããããŠçŽ15ä¹è³16æ
éåŸã®åéããŠçŽ7.5æéç¶ç¶ããããšãè€è²ã®
溶液ãçãããç空äžïŒçµ¶å¯Ÿå§åçŽïŒä¹è³ïŒããª
ããŒã«ïŒçŽ35âä¹è³40âã§æ°Žåã³ã·ã¯ããããµã³
ãªãã·ãããã®æ··åç©ããé€å»ãããçœè²ã®åºäœ
ããã©ã¹ã³ã®åŽéšã«åçž®ããããã®åºäœã¯çŽ
100.5âä¹è³101.5âã®èç¹ãæããŠãããèµ€å€å
å åæã®çµæããã®çæç©ã¯ãã¹ãŠïŒïŒïŒâ
transâãžããããã·ã·ã¯ããããµã³ã§ããããš
ã瀺ããŠããã äŸïŒïŒïŒåã³ïŒäžŠã³ã«å¯Ÿç §äŸïŒåã³ïŒ ãããã®äŸã§ã¯ãäžèšã®äžè¬çæé ãçšããã
äºã調補ããŠããã溶åªäžã®ãªã«ã¬ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒã
溶液ãã移ãæ¿ãã®äŸ¿ãå³ãããã«ç空ãçšããŠ
åå¿åšã«å°å ¥ããã次ãã§ãæ°Žãä»èŸŒã¿ããããŠ
ãªãŒãã¯ã¬ãŒãã«çªçŽ ãããŒãžãããããŠã¬ã¹æ
ããè¡ãªã€ããå·åŽããïŒæ¶²äœïŒãšãã¬ã³ãªãã·
ããçªçŽ å§äžã«ãªãŒãã¯ã¬ãŒãã«æ³šå ¥ããããã®
åå¿æº¶åªãçŽ800rpmã®å転é床ã§æªæãããã
ã®ãªãŒãã¯ã¬ãŒãã絶察å§åçŽ3.5æ°å§ãŸã§å å§
ããŠå ç±ãããããŠå®è³ªçã«äžå®æž©åºŠã«çŽïŒæé
ä¿ã€ããå§åã¯äžæããã«ãŸããããå·åŽåŸãæ°Ž
çžã®äžéšãååºããŠåæã«äŸããããããã®äŸã®
詳现ã第ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãã ãè¡šã äŸ ïŒã11 ãããã®äŸã§ã¯äžèšã®äžè¬çæé ãçšããããš
ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãïŒ33ïœïŒåã³æ°ŽïŒ71ïœïŒã®åæ溶
液ãã·ã©ã ïŒSyrumïŒãã³å ã§èª¿è£œãããããŠ
çŽïŒâã«ä¿ã€ãããã«ãšã³ïŒ10ïœïŒåã³ãã¹ïŒã
ãã©ããã·ã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒã¢ãªãããŒã
ïŒBTHAMïŒïŒ4.5ïœïŒã®å¥ã®åæ溶液ã宀枩ïŒçŽ
22âïŒã§120c.c.ã®ã·ã©ã ã»ãã³å ã§èª¿è£œãããå
åæ溶液ã®ã¢ãªã³ãŒããïŒçŽïŒâã«ïŒå·åŽããã¹
ãã³ã¬ã¹è£œã®åçç¶ãã€ã¯ãåå¿åšïŒå€åŸçŽ9.6
mmÃ76mmïŒã«å°å ¥ããããã®åå¿åšã¯äžå®æž©åºŠã®
济ã«æµžæŒ¬ãåŸããã®ã§ãããåæãå°å ¥ããã«å
ç«ã€ãŠããã®ãã€ã¯ãåå¿åšã«çªçŽ ãããŒãžã
ããåæã®å°å ¥åŸããã®åå¿åšãã·ãŒã«ãããã
ãŠåŸåŸ©éåã§æªæãä¿ãã€ã€æµŽäžã«æµžæŒ¬ãããçŽ
ïŒæéåŸããã€ã¯ãåå¿åšãåŒãåºãããããŠæ°·
济äžã§çŽïŒâãŸã§å·åŽãããæ°Žçžã®è©Šæãåã
ãããããŠåæããããããã®äŸã®è©³çŽ°ã第ïŒè¡š
ã«ç€ºãã ãè¡šã äŸ 12 ãã¹ïŒããªããšãã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ïŒã€ãããŠã ã¡
ã¿ããããŒãïŒïœãå«ãïŒçµ¶å¯Ÿå§åçŽ10ããªããŒ
ã«ã«ïŒç空åããã¬ã©ã¹å®¹åšã«ããšãã¬ã³ãªãã·
ã50ééïŒ åã³ã¢ã«ãŽã³50ééïŒ ã®æ··åç©ãå°å ¥
ããŠããã®å®¹åšäžã®å§åãçŽ500ä¹è³550ããªããŒ
ã«ãŸã§äžæãããã次ãã§ãæ°Ž10mlåã³ïŒïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒâããªã¯ãããšã¿ã³50mlã®æ··åç©ãåå¿åšã«æ³š
å ¥ããããã®åå¿åšãç£åæªæãã€ã€å ç±éæµã
ãããçŽïŒæéåŸã埪ç°ãã³ãã皌åããããçŽ
ïŒæéåŸããã®ç³»ãåæ¢ããããããŠïŒå€æŸçœ®ã
ãã次ãã§ãããã«ãšãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãïŒmlãæ·»å
ãããããŠãã®ç³»ãåã³çšŒåããããçŽïŒæé
åŸã溶åªå±€ãç空äžã«å ç±ããŠèžçããïŒïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒâããªã¯ãããšã¿ã³ã§æ°åæŽæµããïŒæº¶åªå±€
72.3ïœãååããïŒãæ°Žå±€41.4ïœãåŸãè©Šæãå
æãããšãããã¢ããšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãå«ãã§
ããã äŸ 13 ã¢ã«ãŽã³é°å²æ°äžã«ããã©ããã·ã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠ
ã ã¢ãªãããŒã5.28ïœã100mlã®ã¬ã©ã¹è£œãã©ã¹
ã³ã«å ããã次ãã§ããã®ãã©ã¹ã³ãçŽ10âã«å·
åŽãããããŠãšãã¬ã³ãªãã·ã9.66ïœããã©ã¹ã³
ã«æ³šãå ¥ããç¶ããŠïŒçŽïŒâã®ïŒèžçæ°ŽçŽ9.61ïœ
ãå ããããã®ãã©ã¹ã³ã«ã¢ã«ãŽã³ãããŒãžãã
次ãã§ã¢ã»ãã³äžãã©ã€ã¢ã€ã¹ã§å·åŽããå·åŽåš
ãçšããŠïŒæééæµããã次ãã§ãã®å·åŽåšã宀
æž©ãŸã§å æž©ãããã«ãŸãããããã®è£ 眮ãïŒå€æŸ
眮ãããæ¯çªãã€ã€æ°ŽçŽïŒmlãå ãã次ãã§ãã«
ãšã³çŽ30mlãæ·»å ãããšãé¡èãªãïŒçš®ã®çžã圢
æãããæ°Žå±€ã¯ã¢ããšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãå«æã
ãããšãå€æããã äŸ 14ã23 ãããã®äŸã§ã¯ãäŸïŒåã³äŸïŒã«èšèŒãããšå®
質çã«åãæé ãçšããã詳现ã«ã€ããŠã¯ç¬¬ïŒè¡š
ã«æ²ãããäŸ16åã³äŸ17ãé€ãä»ã®ãã¹ãŠã®äŸã§
ã¯çŽ420rpmã§æªæãããäŸ16ã§ã¯å転é床ã¯çŽ
840rpmã§ããããããŠäŸ17ã§ã¯300rpmã§ãã€
ããäŸ18ãé€ããã¹ãŠã®äŸã§ã¯ãåå¿æº¶åªã®æé«
枩床ã¯çŽ140âã§ãããäŸ18ã§ã¯çŽ170âã§ãã€
ãã ãè¡šã äŸ 24 äŸïŒã«èšèŒãããšå®è³ªçã«åãæé ãçšãã
ããäœããã«ãšã³å«æå±€ãåå¿åªäœããååãã
ãããŠæ¬¡ã®åå¿åªäœäžã«çšããããã«ãšã³ãå«ã
åå¿æ··åç©ããã®æ°Žå±€ããã«ãšã³çŽ10mlãæœåº
ãããããŠæŽæµæ¶²ã®äžéšã次ã®åå¿ã«çšããã æåã®å®éšã§ã¯ãã¹ïŒããã©âïœâããã·ã«ã¢
ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒã¢ãªãããŒãçŽ1.5ïœãçšããã詳
现ã«ã€ããŠã¯ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãã å®éšïŒä¹è³ïŒã«ãããäœãéžæçã¯ãè¯å¥œãã€
è¿ éãªçžåé¢ãå°é£ã§ããããšã«ãããšæãã
ãããã奜ãŸãã溶åªã¯ãäŸãã°ãžã¯ããã¡ã¿ã³
ã§ãããã ãªãã次ã®ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ã¯ä»¥äžã®äŸã§èª¬æããåç
ãããã«æ¡åŒµããäŸã«ã€ããŠç€ºãã ãè¡šã ãè¡šã ãªãããŒã
æ¯èŒäŸ ïŒ èžçæ°Ž15.19ïœããã«ãšã³30mlåã³ïŒçŽïŒãïŒ
âã«å·åŽããåŸïŒãšãã¬ã³ãªãã·ã14.97ïœãå
å¿åšã«ä»èŸŒãã ããã®æ··åç©ãçŽ140âã§çŽ3.5æ
éã«ããã€ãŠæªæåã³å ç±ãã氷济äžã§çŽïŒâãŸ
ã§å·åŽãããæ°Žå±€ãååããŠåæãããšãã¢ããš
ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ïŒéžæç56ïŒ ïŒããžãšãã¬ã³ã°
ãªã³ãŒã«ïŒéžæç33ïŒ ïŒåã³ããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³
ãŒã«ïŒéžæç11ïŒ ïŒãå«æããŠããã
Claims (1)
- ãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã ïŒ ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãçæããã«è¶³ãæ¡ä»¶
äžã«ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããæ°Žå«æåå¿æº¶åªãšæ¥è§Š
ãããããšããæãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãåã³æ°Žã
ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã補é ããæ¹æ³ã«ãã
ãŠã該氎å«æåå¿æº¶åªã¯æ°Žçžãšãæ°Žäžæ··åæ§ã®æ¶²
çžãšãéžæçãé«ããéã®ãéžæçãé«ãã解é¢
å¯èœãªãªã«ã¬ãå«æã«ããªã³ãæãããªã«ã¬ãã¡
ã¿ã©ãŒãããæãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ª
ãšãããªãã該氎äžæ··åæ§ã®æ¶²çžã¯æ°Žçžãæãã
ãããé«æ¿åºŠã®è©²ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ª
ãæãããã®ã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšãããã¢ã«ãã¬
ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã補é ããæ¹æ³ã ïŒ æ°Žäžæ··åæ§ã®æ¶²çžãå®è³ªçã«æ°Žäžæº¶æ§ææ©æº¶
åªããæãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å«æç©è³ªã25âã§å®è³ª
çã«æ°Žã«äžæº¶æ§ã§ããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒ
ã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ æ°Žçžãé£ç¶çžã®åå¿æº¶åªããæãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®
ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ æ°Žäžæ··åæ§ã®æ¶²çžãé£ç¶çžã®åå¿æº¶åªããæ
ãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ãäžè¬åŒïŒ ãïŒïŒ¡ïŒqïŒïŒïŒ¯ïŒãa ãããã«ãïŒã¯æ©èœçãªæ£ã®é žåç¶æ ãæãã
å€äŸ¡éå±ã§ãããã¯ïŒã®æ®çåå䟡ïœãæºãã
ïŒååã¯ãã以äžã®çœ®æåºãè¡šããããããŠïœã¯
ã¢ããªã³ã®è² ã®é»è·ã§ããã ãæããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ãããããŒããã¢ãªã
ããŒãåã³ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ããŒããããªã矀ããéžã°ã
ãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããäžè¬åŒïŒ ãåŒã ãããã«ãR1ïŒR2ïŒR3åã³R4ã¯ããããåäž
ã§ãããåã¯ç°ãªãããããŠæ°ŽçŽ ãïŒã10ççŽ ã®
éã®ã¢ã«ãã«ã12ççŽ ãŸã§ãæããåç°åã¯ïŒç°
ã®ã¢ãªãŒã«ãïŒä¹è³10ççŽ ãæããã¢ã«ã«ãªãŒ
ã«ãïŒä¹è³15ççŽ ãæããåç°åã¯ïŒç°ã®ã¢ã©ã«
ãã«ãïŒä¹è³ïŒççŽ ãæããã¢ã«ã±ãã«ãïŒä¹è³
ïŒççŽ ãæããã·ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã«ãåã³R1ïŒR2ïŒ
R3åã³R4ã®ãã¡ã®ïŒåãçµåããŠïŒä¹è³ïŒççŽ
ãæããç°ç¶æ§é ã§ããã ãæããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãããšãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã§ã
ãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å¯Ÿã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·
ãã®ã¢ã«æ¯ã0.1ïŒ100ä¹è³ïŒïŒïŒã®éã§ããç¹èš±
è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³å¯Ÿãšãã¬ã³ãªãã·ã
ã®ã¢ã«æ¯ã0.1ïŒ100ä¹è³ïŒïŒïŒã®éã§ããç¹èš±è«
æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ 溶åªããã³ãŒã³ããã«ãšã³ããã·ã¬ã³ããž
ã¯ããã¡ã¿ã³åã³ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâããªã¯ãããšã¿ã³
ãããªã矀ããéžã°ããå°ãªããšãïŒå¡ããæã
ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ ãªã«ã¬ãã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã25âã§æ°Žã«æ¯ã¹ãŠæ
æ©æº¶åªã«åªå çã«å¯æº¶æ§ã§ããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬
ïŒé èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ ãªã«ã¬ãå«æã«ããªã³ãäžè¬åŒïŒ ãïŒROïŒnYoãX+ ãããã«ãã¯ã€ãªã³æ§é»è·æ æäžå¿ã§ããå€
䟡å çŽ ã§ãããROã¯æ°ŽçŽ ã§ããããåã¯ïŒ¹ãã
ããã«ã«ãã«çœ®æåºãå«ãå°ãªããšãïŒåã®RO
ãæããæ¡ä»¶ã®äžã§ãããã«ã«ãã«å«æ眮æåºã§
ãããïœã¯ïŒ¹ãšå šROãšãåãã¡åãé»å察ã®å¹³
åæ°ã§ããããããŠãïœã¯é»è·æ æäžå¿ã®æ°ã§ã
ããm.nåã³ïœã¯çåŒïŒïœïŒïœïŒïŒ¶âïœïŒã«ãã€
ãŠé¢é£ã¥ããããŠããïŒããã«ãã¯ïŒ¹ã®å¹³åã®
æ©èœçé žåç¶æ ã§ãã€ãŠãROãžã®çµåã«åã
䜿çšããåé»å察ã¯ïŒã®å€ã§äžãããããã€ïŒ¹ã®
æ£èŠã®é žåç¶æ ã¯ROãžçµåããé»å察ãšïœïŒïœ
ãšã®åã§ããããããŠïœã¯ïŒåã¯ïŒã®æŽæ°ã§ã
ãïŒã ã§è¡šããããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒïŒé èšèŒã®æ¹
æ³ã ïŒïŒ ã¡ã¿ã©ãŒãã»ã¢ããªã³ãããããŒããã¢ãª
ãããŒãåã³ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ããŒããããªã矀ããéžã°
ããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒïŒé èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ ãªã«ã¬ãå«æã«ããªã³ãã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã«ã
ãªã³ãå«ãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒïŒé èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã«ããªã³ãããã©ã¢ã«ãã«ã¢
ã³ã¢ããŠã ãå«ãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒïŒé èšèŒã®
æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ ãªã«ã¬ãå«æã«ããªã³ããã¹ãããŠã ã«ã
ãªã³ãå«ãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒïŒé èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ ãã¹ãããŠã ã«ããªã³ãããã©ã¢ã«ãã«ã
ã¹ãããŠã ã«ããªã³ãå«ãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒïŒ
é èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ ãªã«ã¬ãå«æã«ããªã³ããã¹ïŒïŒçœ®æãã¹
ãã€ã³ïŒã€ãããŠã ã§ããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒïŒ
é èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ 氎察ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã®ã¢ã«æ¯ãïŒïŒïŒ
ä¹è³20ïŒïŒã§ããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒïŒé èšèŒã®
æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ 氎察ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã®ã¢ã«æ¯ãïŒïŒïŒ
ä¹è³10ïŒïŒã§ããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒïŒé èšèŒã®
æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãæ°Žäžæ··åçžã«æ¯ã¹
ãŠæ°Žçžã«åªå çã«å¯æº¶æ§ã§ããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬
ïŒïŒé èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ 氎察ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã®ã¢ã«æ¯ãïŒïŒ
ïŒä¹è³10ïŒïŒã§ããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®
æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ æ°Žäžæ··åçžåã³æ°Žçžãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ã
ãšã®æ¥è§ŠåŸã«åé¢ãããããŠã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒ
ã«ãæ°Žçžããååããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒïŒé èš
èŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ åé¢ããæ°Žäžæ··åçžã®å°ãªããšãäžéšãåŒ
ç¶ãæ°Žåã³ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããšæ¥è§Šãããç¹èš±
è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒïŒé èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/594,385 US4579982A (en) | 1984-03-28 | 1984-03-28 | Preparation of monoalkylene glycols using two liquid phase reaction menstruum |
| US594385 | 1984-03-28 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS60218339A JPS60218339A (ja) | 1985-11-01 |
| JPH0576457B2 true JPH0576457B2 (ja) | 1993-10-22 |
Family
ID=24378656
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60062238A Granted JPS60218339A (ja) | 1984-03-28 | 1985-03-28 | ïŒæ¶²çžã®åå¿æº¶åªãçšããã¢ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã®è£œé æ¹æ³ |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4579982A (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP0156446A3 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPS60218339A (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA1269672A (ja) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4701571A (en) * | 1986-06-30 | 1987-10-20 | Union Carbide Corporation | Process for the production of alkylene glycols with metalate-containing solids |
| US5182344A (en) * | 1989-09-11 | 1993-01-26 | The Dow Chemical Company | Curing polyester or polycarbonate and polyepoxide with polyorgano phosphorous catalyst |
| US5037903A (en) * | 1989-09-11 | 1991-08-06 | The Dow Chemical Company | Composition of aromatic polyester copolyester carbonate or polycarbonate with polyepoxide and polyorgano phosphorous catalyst |
| GB2378701A (en) * | 2001-07-04 | 2003-02-19 | Shell Int Research | Process for the preparation of alkylene glycols |
| US6916963B2 (en) * | 2003-07-14 | 2005-07-12 | Saudi Basic Industries Corporation | Process using water tolerant Lewis acids in catalytic hydration of alkylene oxides to alkylene glycols |
| DE102004007561B3 (de) * | 2004-02-17 | 2005-10-13 | Clariant Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Alkylenglykoldiethern |
| US7491856B2 (en) * | 2007-06-27 | 2009-02-17 | H R D Corporation | Method of making alkylene glycols |
| US8304584B2 (en) * | 2007-06-27 | 2012-11-06 | H R D Corporation | Method of making alkylene glycols |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5620529A (en) * | 1979-07-30 | 1981-02-26 | Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo Co Ltd | Preparation of alkylene glycol |
| JPS5655325A (en) * | 1979-09-21 | 1981-05-15 | Degussa | Manufacture of 1*22diol having large number of carbons |
| JPS5762234A (en) * | 1980-10-02 | 1982-04-15 | Nippon Peroxide Co Ltd | Preparation of high-purity 1,2-alkane glycol |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3062889A (en) * | 1962-11-06 | Process for purifying acetaldehyde | ||
| US2141443A (en) * | 1938-12-27 | production of glycol derivatives | ||
| US2807651A (en) * | 1956-03-23 | 1957-09-24 | Dow Chemical Co | Method of preparing glycols and monoethers of glycols |
| US3028434A (en) * | 1959-08-05 | 1962-04-03 | Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc | Catalytic production of ethylene glycol |
| FR1506459A (fr) * | 1966-11-02 | 1967-12-22 | Naphtachimie Sa | Procédé de préparation d'époxydes et produits préparés selon ce procédé |
| US3475499A (en) * | 1967-03-23 | 1969-10-28 | Halcon International Inc | Preparation of glycols and glycol ethers |
| US3992432A (en) * | 1967-04-05 | 1976-11-16 | Continental Oil Company | Phase transfer catalysis of heterogeneous reactions by quaternary salts |
| US4165440A (en) * | 1976-10-06 | 1979-08-21 | Shell Oil Company | Catalytic hydration of ethylene oxide to ethylene glycol |
| JPS5419905A (en) * | 1977-07-15 | 1979-02-15 | Showa Denko Kk | Preparation of alkylene glycols |
| US4107221A (en) * | 1977-07-28 | 1978-08-15 | The Dow Chemical Company | Removal of olefin oxide from chlorinated solvents |
| US4160116A (en) * | 1978-08-28 | 1979-07-03 | Showa Denko K.K. | Process for the production of alkylene glycols |
| JPS6045611B2 (ja) * | 1978-03-24 | 1985-10-11 | æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿæ¥æ¬è§Šåª | ãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³âã«ã®è£œé æ¹æ³ |
| CA1121389A (en) * | 1979-05-24 | 1982-04-06 | Hiroshi Odanaka | Process for the production of alkylene glycols |
| CA1120955A (en) * | 1979-07-09 | 1982-03-30 | Toshihiko Kumazawa | Process for the production of alkylene glycols |
| JPS5673035A (en) * | 1979-11-19 | 1981-06-17 | Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo Co Ltd | Preparation of alkylene glycol |
| JPS5673036A (en) * | 1979-11-20 | 1981-06-17 | Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo Co Ltd | Preparation of alkylene glycol |
| JPS5692228A (en) * | 1979-12-27 | 1981-07-25 | Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo Co Ltd | Preparation of high-purity alkylene glycol |
-
1984
- 1984-03-28 US US06/594,385 patent/US4579982A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1985
- 1985-03-28 JP JP60062238A patent/JPS60218339A/ja active Granted
- 1985-03-28 CA CA000477832A patent/CA1269672A/en not_active Expired
- 1985-03-28 EP EP85200478A patent/EP0156446A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5620529A (en) * | 1979-07-30 | 1981-02-26 | Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo Co Ltd | Preparation of alkylene glycol |
| JPS5655325A (en) * | 1979-09-21 | 1981-05-15 | Degussa | Manufacture of 1*22diol having large number of carbons |
| JPS5762234A (en) * | 1980-10-02 | 1982-04-15 | Nippon Peroxide Co Ltd | Preparation of high-purity 1,2-alkane glycol |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA1269672A (en) | 1990-05-29 |
| JPS60218339A (ja) | 1985-11-01 |
| EP0156446A2 (en) | 1985-10-02 |
| EP0156446A3 (en) | 1987-02-04 |
| US4579982A (en) | 1986-04-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4560813A (en) | Processes for the production of alkylene glycol in the presence of organometalate | |
| US4982021A (en) | Process for the production of alkylene glycols with metalate-containing solid | |
| EP0318099A2 (en) | Monoalkylene glycol production using mixed metal framework compositions | |
| EP0113134A2 (en) | Process for the production of alkylene glycols | |
| AU579624B2 (en) | Process for the production of alkylene glycols with metalate-containing solid | |
| JPH0576457B2 (ja) | ||
| US4564715A (en) | Preparation of monoalkylene glycols in two stages | |
| US4701571A (en) | Process for the production of alkylene glycols with metalate-containing solids | |
| US4822925A (en) | Organosalts of metalate anions and process for the production of alkylene glycols therewith | |
| US4571440A (en) | Continuous process for the production of alkylene glycol in the presence of organometalate | |
| US4585883A (en) | Preparation of organometalates | |
| EP0160328B1 (en) | Organosalts of metalate anions and process for the production of alkylene glycols therewith | |
| US4579983A (en) | Process for the hydrolysis of alkylene oxides using organometalates | |
| EP0158396A1 (en) | Continuous process for the production of alkylene glycol in the presence of organometalate | |
| US4578524A (en) | Carbon dioxide-enhanced monoalkylene glycol production | |
| CA1263410A (en) | Preparation of monoalkylene glycols in two stages | |
| AU580300B2 (en) | Alcoholates of metalate anions and glycols produced from them | |
| KR920000905B1 (ko) | ë©íë ìŽíž ììŽìšì ì êž°ìŒ ë° ìŽë¥Œ ìŽì©í ìí¬ë êžëŠ¬ìœì ì ì¡°ë°©ë² |