JPH0574674B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a shield construction method for allowing a shield excavator that is excavating to accurately reach a target position in shield construction, and a shield excavator used therein. It is.

[Conventional technology]

In recent years, in shield construction work, due to factors such as increased traffic in urban areas, the number of vertical shafts installed has been reduced, and more and more underground docking is being used, in which two shield excavators that dig facing each other are connected underground. . In addition, even outside of urban areas, underground docking between shield tunneling machines is essential for underground tunnels where it is not possible to install a vertical shaft at the midpoint of the tunnel section.

Figures 2 to 5 are explanatory diagrams of underground docking.
In the figure, two shield excavators to be joined are connected to a 1A,
1B.

Figure 2 shows the shield position before docking,
Figure 3 shows the shield position during underground docking. As shown in Figure 3, the conditions for good underground docking are as follows:
The center positions of the tunneling machines A and 1B must match, and the inclinations of the tunneling machines must match.

Figure 4 shows that when the center position of the excavator shifts,
The figure shows a case where the slope of the excavator is shifted, which results in steps and sharp curves in the line at each underground joint. Such steps and sharp curves must be avoided as much as possible, as they make it difficult to stop water at underground joints and prolong the construction period. Therefore, during excavation, the position and inclination of each shield excavator should be accurately grasped, and the direction of excavation of each shield excavator should be adjusted so that the center position and inclination of each shield excavator match at the underground joint. It is important to control the

When performing underground docking, the position and inclination of each shield excavator is generally measured as follows.

(1) Set one reference point on the ground surface.

(2) Survey using transit etc. will be conducted from the above reference points and the reference points will be relocated within each starting shaft.
If a building or the like exists between the reference point on the ground surface and the shaft, the number of times the reference point is relocated will naturally increase.

(3) Using the same method, reference points will be sequentially relocated to the front of the tunnel as the excavation progresses. The number of relocations increases as the tunnel gets longer, due to the performance and accuracy of surveying equipment. Additionally, if the tunnel has curved sections and it is not possible to survey in a straight line, the reference point must be relocated.

(4) Then, one or more points inside the shield machine are surveyed from the reference point closest to the tunnel tip, and based on this, the position of the tip of the stub and the inclination of the shield machine are determined from the shape of the shield machine, etc. .

(5) Measure the position and inclination of each segment from the same underground reference point, and determine the direction of the excavation line from the results.

The above are the surveying methods that are generally adopted.
The excavation direction was controlled based on the survey results.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

In the above-mentioned conventional technology, the error regarding the position of each shield tunneling machine increases as it moves away from the initial reference point position due to the following error causes. Furthermore, the greater the number of times the reference point is relocated, the greater the error becomes.

The causes of error consist of the following elements.

(1) Accuracy of surveying equipment (2) Quality of surveying technology (3) Quality of shield tunneling machine attitude control technology (4) Quality of segment assembly (5) Quality of backfilling work (excessive or insufficient amount of backfill injection) (The segment will move).

(6) Whether or not underground survey points are maintained properly (7) Reading errors due to ground vibrations From the above factors, even if current surveying technology is used, there is a possibility that an error of about ±50 mm will occur over an excavation length of about 2 km. is large. For this reason, when docking two shield tunneling machines underground, even if the center position and inclination of each shield tunneling machine are completely matched based on the survey results described above, the difference will be equal to this error. The 4th
A deviation will occur in the combined state shown in FIGS.

Therefore, in order to successfully dock a shield tunneling machine that has dug a long distance underground, it is necessary to understand the relative deviation with the other machine in advance, and to adjust each shield tunneling machine at the dotting point. It is necessary to control the excavation of the shield excavator to eliminate deviations in the center position and inclination of the machine. In addition to underground docking between shield tunneling machines, the same can be said when connecting a shield machine that is currently digging to an underground structure such as an existing tunnel or shaft.

An object of the present invention is to provide a means for solving the above-mentioned problems and allowing a shield excavator that is excavating to accurately reach a target position.

[Means to solve the problem]

The above object is achieved by the invention described in claims 1 to 10.

The invention as set forth in claim 1 provides a method for installing a rotary cutter type shield excavator between the rotary cutter type shield excavator that is excavating underground toward the target position and the target position side through the center of the rotary cutter of the rotary cutter type shield excavator. A shield construction method characterized by constructing a pilot shield shaft penetrating through the pilot shield shaft, and optically measuring the current position and attitude of the rotary cutter type shield excavator with respect to the target position through the pilot shield shaft. be.

The invention as set forth in claim 2 provides a method for installing a rotary cutter type shield excavator between the rotary cutter type shield excavator which is excavating underground toward the target position and the target position side through the center of the rotary cutter of the rotary cutter type shield excavator. A pilot shield shaft penetrating through the tunnel is constructed, a reference point is installed in the tunnel behind the rotary cutter type shield excavator, and the position of the reference point relative to the target position is optically determined through the pilot shield shaft. This is a shield construction method that is characterized by the fact that it measures

The invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that, based on the survey results obtained by the method according to claim 1 or 2, a rotary cutter type shield excavator is caused to excavate while controlling the excavation direction to reach a target position. This is a shield construction method.

The invention as set forth in claim 4 provides a structure in which a rotary cutter type shield excavator is provided between the rotary cutter type shield excavator which is excavating underground toward the target position and the target position side through the center of the rotary cutter of the rotary cutter type shield excavator. A pilot shield shaft penetrating through the tunnel is constructed, and while the pilot shield shaft remains in place, the current position and attitude of the rotary cutter type shield excavator relative to the target position are optically surveyed through the pilot shield shaft. A shield construction method according to claim 5, characterized in that the rotary cutter type shield excavator is repeatedly excavated and the excavation direction is sequentially controlled based on each survey result to reach a target position. The invention provides a pilot system for penetrating the ground through the center of the rotary cutter of the rotary cutter type shield excavator between the rotary cutter type shield excavator which is excavating underground toward a target position and the target position side. A shield shaft is constructed, a reference point is installed in the tunnel behind the rotary cutter type shield excavator, and the reference point is connected to the target position via the pilot shield shaft while the pilot shield shaft remains in place. This shield construction method is characterized in that the rotary cutter type shield excavator excavates while optically surveying the position is repeatedly performed, and the excavation direction is sequentially controlled based on the results of each survey to reach the target position. .

The invention according to claim 6 is a rotary cutter type shield excavator, characterized in that a pilot shield excavator is provided in the rotary cutter type shield excavator, which is capable of penetrating the center of the rotary cutter and constructing a pilot shield shaft forward. It is an excavator.

The invention according to claim 7 is characterized in that, in the shield excavator according to claim 6, the pilot shield excavator is an excavator whose excavation direction can be controlled; The shield tunneling machine is characterized in that it has an over-drilling function.

The invention according to claim 9 provides a rotary cutter type shield excavator, which is provided with a cylindrical structure that can receive the pilot shield excavator by penetrating the center of the rotary cutter and the partition wall behind the rotary cutter, and the cylindrical structure A shield tunneling machine is characterized in that a blind lid is removably mounted on the inside of the machine. It is characterized by having a digging blade on the surface.

[Effect]

The invention as set forth in claim 1 provides for constructing a pilot shield shaft that penetrates underground through the center of the rotary cutter of the rotary cutter type shield excavator and the target position, and that the pilot shield shaft By using the tunnel as an optical surveying hole, it is possible to accurately measure the current position and attitude of the shield tunneling machine relative to the target position. Furthermore, as claimed in claim 2,
Instead of the current position of the shield tunneling machine, a reference point can be installed in the rear tunnel, and the position of the reference point relative to the target position can be accurately measured.

Since the deviation of the shield excavator with respect to the target position can be determined from these survey results, the shield excavator can be excavated while controlling the excavation direction based on these survey results, as described in claim 3. , it is possible to finally correct the route and reach the target position, and if there is a shield machine on the other side that should be connected to the target position, both shield machines can be properly docked underground. becomes possible.

If the pilot shield pit is constructed through the center of the rotary cutter of the shield excavator as described in claim 1 or 2, the pilot shield pit will not interfere with the rotary cutter even during re-excavation after surveying.
There is no need to remove the pilot shield pit, and surveying can be carried out at any time.Furthermore, optical surveying allows accurate measurement of not only the current position of the shield tunneling machine but also its attitude.

In particular, as described in claim 4, while the pilot shield hole passing through the center of the rotating cutter remains, the optical survey of the current position and attitude of the shield excavator with respect to the target position is repeatedly carried out through the pilot shield hole. If the shield excavator excavates while controlling the excavation direction sequentially based on each survey result, it is possible to perform excavation in a so-called visual state, in which the route is always corrected while looking ahead, and the goal is achieved. The accuracy of reaching the location is further increased.

The invention according to claim 5 is a case where a reference point is installed in the tunnel behind the shield excavator, and the excavation direction is controlled based on the optical survey result of the position of the reference point with respect to the target position. Similarly, by conducting repeated surveys through the pilot shield hole that passes through the center of the rotary cutter, the excavation route can be corrected to account for deviations in the reference point due to movement of segments during excavation, and it is possible to reach the target position. accuracy can be increased.

The pilot shield tunnel passing through the center of the rotating cutter of the shield tunneling machine can be constructed by the pilot shield tunneling machine launched from the center of the rotating cutter of the shield tunneling machine. As the pilot shield excavator, an excavator whose excavation direction can be controlled is used, and the excavation is controlled so as not to deviate from the planned pilot shield route. Further, this pilot shield excavator is provided with an over-digging function which will be described later.

When the shield tunneling machines are docked underground, the shield tunneling machine of the other side is provided with a cylindrical structure that penetrates the rotary cutter and the partition wall behind the rotary cutter as described in claim 9, and When the pilot shield tunneling machine launched from the tunneling machine reaches the other party's shield tunneling machine, the blind cover attached to the inside of the cylindrical structure is pulled out to the inside of the machine and passed through the inner space of this cylindrical structure. By thrusting the pilot shield tunneling machine into the opponent's shield tunneling machine, the pilot shield tunnel is constructed by penetrating the center of the rotating cutter of both shield tunneling machines. A clearance is provided between the outer periphery of the pilot shield pit and both shield excavators, allowing for the deviation of the excavation routes of both shield excavators. It is possible to correct the route when approaching the ground and dotting it underground.

When excavating with the pilot shield excavator, by excavating in advance an amount equal to or more than the above-mentioned clearance, it is possible to eliminate unexcavation when the shield excavator excavates again. Furthermore, by providing an excavation blade on the front end surface of the blind lid attached to the cylindrical structure of the counterpart shield excavator, normal excavation can be carried out without any trouble.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram when the present invention is applied to underground docking between shield tunneling machines. a is 2
It is shown that the shield tunneling machines 1A and 1B on the platform are facing each other underground, and that there is a deviation in the center position and inclination of each shield tunneling machine. b indicates shield tunneling machine 1 between both shield tunneling machines 1A and 1B.
The state where the pilot shield tunnel 2 has been constructed is shown from the B side, and after confirming the relative positions of both machines through the pilot shield tunnel 2, the shield tunneling machine 1A
to reach the docking point, which is the target position, as shown by the imaginary line 1A'. This re-excavation may be performed by either the shield excavator 1A or 1B.

Before explaining the surveying method and excavation control method for underground docking, the structure of the shield excavator used therein and the process of constructing the pilot shield pit 2 will be explained.

FIG. 6 shows an example of a rotary cutter type shield excavator equipped with a pilot shield excavator according to the present invention. This shield excavator has a chamber 5 having an earth and sand stirring device 6 formed between a rotary cutter 3 provided at the front and a rear bulkhead 4, and a cutter bearing 7 having a ring gear 7a and a pinion inside the machine behind the bulkhead 4. A cutter drive motor 8 having 8a, a propulsion shield jack 9, and a segment 11
An erector 10 and the like for assembling are installed, and the ground is excavated by the rotation of the rotary cutter 3, and the excavation is carried out by the propulsive force of the shield jack 9, which uses the segment 11 as a reaction force receiver. The cutter head 3b at the center of the rotating cutter, which was provided in the conventional rotary cutter type shield excavator (Fig. 16), was removed, and a circular cutter head 3b, which the pilot shield excavator 14 can pass through, was installed at the center of the cutter boss portion 3a and bulkhead boss portion 4a. Holes 12 and 13 are opened, and the pilot shield excavator 14 is installed in the shield excavator through the two holes 12 and 13 so that its cutter head 14a contacts the ground. Inside the aircraft behind the bulkhead 4 is a main pusher 15 equipped with a propulsion jack 16 and a pedestal 17, which holds the pilot shield tunneling machine 14. A dirt seal 18 is installed on the inner circumference of the bulkhead boss hole 13, and the bulkhead 4 is sealed using the outer circumferential surface of the pilot shield excavator 14 as a sealing surface.
This prevents earth and sand from entering into the rear machine, and during normal excavation, the cutter head 14a of the pilot shield excavator 14 excavates the ground at the center of the rotary cutter, which cannot be excavated due to the cutter boss hole 12.

FIG. 7 shows an example of the internal structure of the pilot shield tunneling machine 14. Pilot shield tunneling machine 1
4 includes a cutter drive motor 14b that rotates the cutter head 14a, and a direction correction jack 14.
c, a surveying device 14d consisting of a laser receiver, etc., a mud feeding pipe 14e for discharging excavated earth and sand to the rear, and the like. The rear end of the pipe 19 connected to the rear of the pilot shield excavator 14 is in contact with the propulsion jack 16 as shown in FIG. By adding a subsequent pipe 19 every stroke of 16,
The structure is such that a pilot shield pit is built underground in the front. Pilot shield tunneling machine 14
The excavation direction control is performed by detecting a deviation in the excavation direction by receiving a laser beam from a laser light source (not shown) provided on the main pushing device 15 side with the surveying device 14d,
This is done by selectively operating a plurality of direction correction jacks 14c. Further, the cutter head 14a is provided with a remotely controlled over-drilling cutter 14f to perform over-drilling during excavation.

FIG. 8 shows an example of the configuration of a shield excavator 20 equipped with a pilot shield excavator 14 and a counterpart shield excavator 21 that is connected underground. In the figure, parts common to those in FIG. 6 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and explanations thereof will be omitted.

This counterpart shield tunneling machine 21 also has a cutter structure similar to that of the shield tunneling machine 20 shown in FIG. It passes through hole 13 and penetrates into the interior of the aircraft at the rear. A blind cover 23 is attached to the inner side end of the cylindrical structure 22 with bolts or the like, and is attached to the inner space of the cylindrical structure 22 so as to rotate together with the rotary cutter 3. Pig 23 prevents dirt from entering the cabin,
In addition, the excavation blade 23a provided on the front end surface of the blind lid 23 excavates the ground at the center of the rotary cutter. A dirt seal 18 is provided on the inner circumference of the bulkhead boss portion 4a, and the outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical structure portion 22 is used as a sealing surface to prevent dirt from entering the machine. Further, an earth and sand seal 24 is also provided on the inner circumference of the cylindrical structure part 22, and during normal excavation, the outer peripheral surface of the blind lid 23 is used as a sealing surface to prevent earth and sand from entering the inside of the machine.

Figures 9 to 12 show shield tunneling machines 20 and 21.
This figure shows the construction process of a pilot shield pit for docking underground.

Correcting the route of a rotary cutter type shield excavator prior to underground docking is usually done by
It is said that ~5 times the distance is required. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9, when the shield excavators 20 and 21 approach the predetermined distance, the excavation is stopped.
A pilot shield tunneling machine 14 is launched from inside the shield tunneling machine 20, aiming at the inner space of the cylindrical structure part 22 of the counterpart shield tunneling machine 21. FIG. 10 shows the state in which the pilot shield excavator 14 is digging. When the pilot shield excavator 14 comes into contact with the blind lid 23, the connection between the blind lid 23 and the cylindrical structure 22 is released, and as shown in FIG. Pull it out inside. After the blind cover 23 has completely come out, the pilot shield excavator 14 that has penetrated into the shield excavator 21 is moved to the trailing pipe 19.
Then, the shield tunneling machines 20 and 21 are connected by the pipe 19. FIG. 12 shows a pipe 19 between the shield excavators 20 and 21.
This shows the state in which the pilot shield pit 2 has been constructed. Thereafter, a survey is carried out through the interior space of the pilot shield shaft 2, and the relative positions of the shield tunneling machines 20 and 21 are confirmed. Note that the cylindrical structure part 2
An earth and sand shield 24 is installed in advance on the inner periphery of the pilot shield excavator 2 to prevent earth and sand from entering even after the pilot shield excavator 14 arrives.

Once the correction value for re-excavation has been determined in this manner, either of the shield excavators 20, 21 is re-excavated while controlling the direction. that time,
As the excavation progresses, the pipe 19 is removed span by span within the shield excavator 21. Here, between the cut boss part 3a of the shield excavator 20, the partition boss part 4a and the pipe 19, and the shield excavator 2
A clearance necessary for route correction during re-excavation is provided between each of the cylindrical structure parts 22 and the pipes 19.

Fig. 6 shows an example of a shield tunneling machine equipped with a pilot shield tunneling machine 14 from the beginning.
As shown in FIG. 13, a cylindrical structure 22 is provided at the center of the rotary cutter 3 and penetrates into the inside of the machine through the hole 13 of the bulkhead boss 4a.
Normal excavation is carried out with blind lid 23 equipped inside the tunnel, and when constructing the pilot shield pit, blind lid 2 is installed.
3 and pull it out inside the machine, and remove the cylindrical structure part 2.
Pilot shield excavator 14 through the inner sky of 2
may be equipped with. FIG. 14 shows the shield tunneling machine shown in FIG. 13 with the blind cover 23 removed, the pilot shield tunneling machine 14 mounted, and the pilot shield tunneling machine 14 started. Fig. 15 shows an example of a shield excavator equipped with a rotary cutter 3 with a center shaft, in which the center shaft 25 is provided with an inner cavity through which the pilot shield excavator 14 can pass, and the pilot shield excavator 14 is attached to the inner cavity of the center shaft during normal excavation. The blind cover 23 is removed to the inside of the machine, and the pilot shield excavator 14 is launched from the inner cavity thereof.

The pilot shield excavator 14 shown in FIG. 6 and FIG.
However, if the shield tunneling machine 20 has a large diameter,
A shield tunneling machine that uses this shield tunneling machine 20 as a reaction force receiver and propels itself in segments can also be used as a pilot shield tunneling machine.

Next, a 17th embodiment of the surveying method according to the present invention will be described.
This will be explained using FIGS.

Tunnel surveying is basically carried out by the following two types of surveying.

(a) Level survey (b) Traverse survey The content of each survey is well known, so I will briefly describe it, but in general, height surveying is done by level surveying, and position surveying on a plane is done by traverse surveying.

Inside the tunnel, a measurement point is usually set up to serve as the reference point for surveying, and daily measurements are conducted using this measurement point as the reference point. In addition, the general surveying method is to re-measure the measurement points from the reference point in the shaft several times during the excavation period to improve the accuracy of the survey.

In traverse surveying, in addition to surveying the assembled segments, the direction of the shield tunneling machine is also surveyed using two internal reference points, which is useful for controlling the direction of the shield tunneling machine. In addition, a plumb bob is often used to measure pitching of shield tunneling machines.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the implementation state of level surveying inside the tunnel. 100 is a shield excavator, 101 is a segment, 102 is a shaft, 103 is a level meter, 1
04 and 105 are scales, and when P _p is taken as the reference point, the height EL of the survey point M from the reference level
(i) is obtained by EL(i)=EL(o)+BS-FS(i). The diagram uses the shaft reference point,
The same applies when using measurement points inside the tunnel.

Figure 18 shows segment 101 in traverse survey.
It is a state diagram in which the position of is being surveyed. A spirit level 107 is placed on the scale 106 installed at the survey point M, the scale 106 is set horizontally, and the center position is read with a transit. At this time, a reference line is drawn by looking at the measuring point P _i-1 behind the measuring point P _i where the transit is installed, and the angle Aθ _i is detected. Here, the station
The azimuth of P _i-1 is θ _i-1 , the azimuth of measurement point P _i is θ _i , P _i ,
If the distance between M2 points is L _i , the plane coordinates of M points (X _M , Y _M ) are: X _M = X _Pi + L _i ×sinθ _i Y _M = Y _Pi + L _{i × cosθ} It is found by θ _i-1 + Aθ _i −180°.

FIG. 19 is a state diagram of a survey to check the yawing of the shield tunneling machine 100. Two reference points (M ₁ , M ₂ ) are provided in the shield tunneling machine 100 in advance, and the coordinate relationship with the tip of the shield tunneling machine etc. is known. After drawing the reference line between measuring points P _i and P _i-1 , by surveying the positions of in-flight reference points M ₁ and N ₂ ,
The direction of the shield tunneling machine 100, etc. can be confirmed.

Coordinates of the in-flight control point M ₁ (X〓 ₁ , Y〓 ₁ ), M ₂ (X〓 ₂ ,
The formula for calculating Y〓 ₂ ) and azimuth angle θ _M is as follows.

θ _i1 =θ _i-1 +Aθ ₁ −180° θ _i2 =θ _{i-1 +} Aθ ₂ −180° X〓 ₁ =X _pi + _i1 ×sinθ _i1 Y〓 ₁ =Y _pi + _i1 ×cosθ _i1 X _pi + _i2 ×sinθ _i2 Y〓 ₂ =Y _pi + _i2 ×cosθ _i2 θ _M =90°−arctan [Y〓 ₂ −Y〓 ₁ /X〓 ₂ −X〓 ₁ ] Shield excavation for underground dotting A pilot shield hole 2 is penetrated between the aircraft 20 and 21,
The second example of the surveying state when optical surveying is possible is shown below.
0 to 23. Surveying through the pilot shield pit is basically the same as the tunnel survey described above, but the purpose of the survey is to correct the misalignment between the two shield tunneling machines.

FIG. 20 is a state diagram of surveying for level error correction. A level meter 108 is installed at a measurement point in the tunnel behind one of the shield excavators 21,
By reading the scale 109 installed at a measurement point in the rear tunnel of the other shield tunneling machine 20 through the pilot shield shaft 2, the height difference between the two tunnels can be determined. Although the figure shows the case where the scale 109 is installed at a measurement point, it is also possible to install the scale at any point including inside the other party's shield excavator 20 and perform level surveying from the measurement points of both tunnels.

FIG. 21 shows the case where the deviation of the coordinate values of both tunnels was measured. In the figure, shield tunneling machine 2
A target survey point 110 in
Traverse surveying has been carried out since 12. The target survey point may be provided within the rear tunnel of the shield tunneling machine or within the pilot shield shaft 2. in this case,
The error in the angle required to align the inclinations of both shield tunneling machines is unknown.

FIG. 22 shows a case in which a survey is carried out to match the inclinations of both shield excavators 20 and 21, and to correct even the error in angle from the reference line used for the survey. That is, by surveying the target survey points 110 and any point 113 other than 110 used in FIG. The purpose is to find the relative deviation of

FIG. 23 is a diagram showing the state in which the inclination of the other shield tunneling machine is directly measured through the pilot shield shaft 2. The two target survey points 110 installed on the other shield tunneling machine 20 are surveyed from the transit 111 installed at a measuring point in the rear tunnel of one shield tunneling machine 21 via the pilot shield pit 2. This is to find the slope.

Figures 25 and 26 show the survey contents of Figures 20 and 21.

Figure 25 shows the level survey results for both tunnels from the shaft reference points P _p and p _p to the final survey point after penetrating the pilot shield shaft.
This is the height point expressed by EL(p) obtained by surveying from the side, and p is the height point expressed by e(p) obtained by surveying from the shaft B side. (P ₁ ~ P _o ,
p ₁ to _po are measurement points). From the level measurement value EL(a) at the starting shaft A and the level measurement value e(b) at the starting shaft B, the level measurement values EL(p) and e(p) at the final survey point for each route are determined, and these The difference in values ΔH (=EL(p)−e(p)) becomes the height correction value for re-excavation.

Figure 26 shows the planar positions of both tunnels from the shaft reference points P ₀ and p ₀ to the final survey point, and in the figure,
P is the coordinate obtained by surveying from the shaft A side,
p is the coordinate obtained by surveying from the shaft B side.

Here, the coordinates P (P _x , P _y ) of the final survey point measured from the shaft A side are P _x = X ₀ + _o 〓 ⁱ⁼⁰ (L _i ×sinθ _i ) P _y = Y ₀ + _o 〓 ⁱ⁼⁰ (L _i ×cosθ _i ) Coordinates p of the final survey point measured from the shaft B side
(p _x , p _y ) is p _x = x ₀ + _o 〓 ⁱ⁼⁰ (L _i ′×sinθ _i ′) p _y = y ₀ + _o 〓 ⁱ⁼⁰ (L _i ′×cosθ _i ′) Both The amount of deviation at the final survey point due to the error (Δx,
Δy) becomes Δx=P _x −p _x , Δy=P _y −p _y , which becomes the coordinate correction value for re-excavation.

Furthermore, even if the internal space of the pilot shield shaft 2 is not penetrated as shown in FIG. 24, by setting the target survey point on the plate 114 that closes off the pilot shield shaft 2, the deviation of the coordinate values of both tunnels can be reduced. It is obtained in the same manner as in FIG. In this case, in order to accurately grasp the inclination of the shield tunneling machines 20 and 21, it is necessary to install a gyro compass inside the shield tunneling machine, or to install three or more survey points on the plate 114 that closes the pilot shield pit. , by surveying each point from inside both tunnels.
It is possible to use a method such as determining the installation angle of 14 and calculating the angular error between the axes of both tunnels.

The gyroscope compass uses the characteristic of the gyroscope to point due north, and is used to determine the inclination of the shield excavator by installing it inside the machine in advance to align with the axis of the shield excavator. Therefore, by installing it in both shield tunneling machines, it is possible to compare the inclinations of the shield tunneling machines.

Based on the correction values for the positions and inclinations of both shield excavators determined by the above survey, the direction of excavation of the shield excavators during re-excavation is controlled and the route is corrected. The excavation direction can also be controlled by manually operating the shield jack 9 by the operator based on the above correction value, but it is also possible to control the excavation direction by using automatic surveying equipment such as a laser beam device or a gyro compass. It is also possible to adopt an automatic direction control system that directly inputs the detected value as an electrical signal into a computer, calculates a correction value for re-excavation, and then automatically operates the shield jack based on the correction value. Regarding the automatic direction control system for shield tunneling machines that combines automatic surveying using a laser beam device, etc. and automatic operation of the shield jack by a computer, a method for surveying the current position of the shield tunneling machine from the rear was proposed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-56755. This method can also be applied to the case where the current position of the shield excavator is measured through the pilot shield pit using a survey instrument installed on the target position side, so a detailed description of this system will be omitted. .

One way to control excavation is to measure the relative position between a reference point installed in the tunnel behind the shield machine and the target position, and then use that reference point as a reference to move the shield machine towards the target position. It is also possible to do so. However, in general, segments closer to the tip of the tunnel are more likely to move due to loosening of the ground, and in one survey, the position of the reference point may shift before the shield excavator reaches the target location. In addition, there may be measurement errors and errors in direction control, so it is recommended to leave Pilot Shield Pit 2 in place and repeat the above-mentioned survey during re-excavation, and correct the route accordingly based on the results. In this way, the accuracy of reaching the target position can be further increased.

The technology described above can be applied not only to underground docking between shield tunneling machines, but also to T-shaped connections between shield tunneling machines and existing tunnels, or connection between shield tunneling machines and vertical shafts.

In addition, the pilot shield excavator equipped on the shield excavator can be used for other purposes such as preliminary investigation of the ground, ground improvement, and foreign object removal measures.

〔Effect of the invention〕

According to the present invention, the pilot shield shaft is constructed through the center of the rotary cutter of the shield excavator, so the pilot shield shaft does not interfere with the rotary cutter even when re-excavating after surveying, so there is no need to remove the pilot shield shaft. , can be surveyed at any time, and therefore the accuracy of reaching the target position of the shield tunneling machine can be increased.
In particular, a pilot shield hole is constructed through the center of the rotating cutter of the shield excavator, and while it remains in place, surveys are repeatedly carried out through the pilot shield hole, and the shield is constructed while sequentially controlling the direction of excavation based on the survey results. If the excavator is allowed to dig, the accuracy of reaching the target position will be further increased through so-called visual excavation, and there is also the risk that the stability of the ground will be compromised due to the removal of the pilot shield pit once constructed. Therefore, underground docking of the shield tunneling machine can be achieved more safely and reliably.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a conceptual diagram when the present invention is applied to underground docking of a shield tunneling machine, Figs. 2 to 5 are explanatory diagrams of deviations in the excavation route during underground docking, and Fig. 6 is a diagram according to the present invention. A side sectional view showing an example of the configuration of a rotary cutter type shield tunneling machine equipped with a pilot shield tunneling machine. Figure 7 is a side sectional view illustrating the internal structure of the pilot shield tunneling machine. Figure 8 is a side sectional view illustrating the internal structure of the pilot shield tunneling machine. 9 to 12 are side sectional views showing an example of the configuration of the counterpart shield tunneling machine.
The figure is an explanatory diagram of the process of constructing a pilot shield tunnel between the two shield machines shown in Figures 6 and 8, and Figures 13 to 15 show a rotary cutter type shield equipped with a pilot shield excavator according to the present invention. FIG. 16 is a side sectional view showing another configuration example of the excavator; FIG. 16 is a side sectional view of a conventional rotating cutter type shield excavator;
Figure 7 is a state diagram of level surveying in the tunnel, No. 18
19 is a state diagram of traverse surveying inside a tunnel, FIGS. 20 to 24 are state diagrams of surveying via a pilot shield shaft according to the present invention, and FIG.
26 are explanatory diagrams of the survey contents in FIGS. 20 and 21. 1A, 1B...Shield tunneling machine, 2...Pilot shield pit, 3...Rotating cutter, 4...Bulkhead, 9...Shield jack, 12...Cut boss hole, 13...Bulkhead boss hole, 14 ...Pilot shield excavator, 14a...Katsutahed,
14b... cutter drive motor, 14c... direction correction jack, 14d... surveying device, 14e... mud feeding pipe, 14f... over-digging cutter, 15... main push device, 16... propulsion jack, 19 ...Pipe, 20...Rotating cutter type shield tunneling machine equipped with a pilot shield tunneling machine, 21... Opposite shield tunneling machine, 22... Cylindrical structure, 23...
Blind pig, 23a...Drilling blade, 108...Level meter, 109...Scale, 110...Target survey point, 111, 112...Transit, 113...
...Survey point.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Between the rotary cutter type shield excavator that is excavating underground toward the target position and the target position side, the rotary cutter of the rotary cutter type shield excavator passes through the center of the rotary cutter and penetrates the ground. A shield construction method characterized by constructing a pilot shield shaft that penetrates through the pilot shield shaft, and optically measuring the current position and attitude of the rotary cutter type shield excavator with respect to the target position through the pilot shield shaft. 2. A pilot shield pit that penetrates the ground through the center of the rotary cutter of the rotary cutter type shield excavator between the rotary cutter type shield excavator that is excavating underground toward the target position and the target position side. , a reference point is installed in a tunnel behind the rotary cutter type shield excavator, and the position of the reference point relative to the target position is optically surveyed through the pilot shield shaft. Shield construction method. 3. A shield construction method, characterized in that, based on the survey results obtained by the method according to claim 1 or 2, a rotary cutter type shield excavator is caused to excavate while controlling the excavation direction to reach a target position. 4. A pilot shield pit that penetrates the ground through the center of the rotary cutter of the rotary cutter type shield excavator between the rotary cutter type shield excavator that is digging underground toward the target position and the target position side. With the pilot shield shaft left in place, optical measurements of the current position and attitude of the rotary cutter type shield excavator with respect to the target position are repeatedly carried out through the pilot shield shaft, and the respective survey results are obtained. A shield construction method characterized in that the rotary cutter type shield excavator is caused to excavate while sequentially controlling the excavation direction based on the above to reach a target position. 5. A pilot shield shaft penetrating the ground through the center of the rotary cutter of the rotary cutter type shield excavator between the rotary cutter type shield excavator that is digging underground toward the target position and the target position side. A reference point is installed in the tunnel behind the rotary cutter type shield excavator, and the position of the reference point relative to the target position is determined through the pilot shield pit while leaving the pilot shield pit in place. A shield construction method characterized in that optical surveying is repeatedly performed, and the rotary cutter type shield excavator is caused to excavate while controlling the excavation direction sequentially based on the results of each survey to reach a target position. 6. A rotary cutter type shield excavator, characterized in that a pilot shield excavator is provided in the rotary cutter type shield excavator, which is capable of penetrating the center of the rotary cutter and constructing a pilot shield shaft forward. 7. The shield excavator according to claim 6, wherein the pilot shield excavator is an excavator whose direction of excavation can be controlled. 8. Claim 6, wherein the pilot shield excavator is an excavator having an over-drilling function.
Or the shield excavator described in 7. 9 In a rotary cutter type shield tunneling machine, a cylindrical structure that can receive a pilot shield tunneling machine is provided by penetrating the center of the rotary cutter and the bulkhead behind it, and a blind lid is installed inside this cylindrical structure. A shield excavator characterized by being installed inside so that it can be removed. 10. The shield tunneling machine according to claim 9, wherein the blind lid has a tunneling blade on its front end surface.