JPH01187286A - Method and machine for shield construction - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To raise the arriving exactness to a target position by a method in which a pilot shield pit is constructed between a rotary cutter type shield excavator moving under the ground end the arrival target position, and the excavation direction is controlled by utilizing the pilot shield pit. CONSTITUTION:A pilot shield pit 2 is constructed through the ground between a rotary cutter type shield excavator 1A moving under the ground and an arrival target position 1A'. The present position of the excavator 1A in relation to the position 1A' is measured by using the pit 2 repeatedly. On the basis of the results obtained, the excavating direction is controlled consecutively to advance the excavator 1A.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a shield construction method for allowing a shield excavator to accurately reach a target position during shield construction, and a shield excavator used therein. It is.

[Conventional technology]

In recent years, in shield construction, due to circumstances such as increased traffic in urban areas, the number of vertical shafts installed has been reduced and the number of shafts dug facing each other has been reduced.
There has been an increase in the number of cases in which underground docking is performed, in which a shield tunneling machine is joined underground. In addition, even outside of urban areas, underground docking between shield tunneling machines is essential for underground tunnels where it is not possible to install a vertical shaft at the midpoint of the tunnel section.

Figures 2 to 5 are explanatory diagrams of underground docking, and in the diagram, two shield tunneling machines to be joined are shown as IA.

IB.

Figure 2 shows the shield position before docking, and Figure 3 shows the shield position during underground docking.

The conditions for good underground docking as shown in Figure 3 are that the center positions of the shield tunneling machines IA and IB match at the underground joint, and that the inclination of each tunneling machine is the same. It is about being in agreement.

Fig. 4 shows a case where the center position of the excavator is shifted, and Fig. 5 shows a case where the inclination of the excavator is shifted, resulting in steps and sharp curves in the route at the underground joints. Such steps, elevations, and curves must be avoided as much as possible, as they make it difficult to stop water at underground joints and prolong the construction period. Therefore, during excavation, the position and inclination of each shield excavator should be accurately grasped, and the direction of excavation of each shield excavator should be controlled so that the center position and inclination of each shield excavator match at the underground joint. It is important to do so.

When performing underground docking, the position and inclination of each shield excavator is generally measured as follows.

(1) Set one reference point on the ground surface.

(2) A survey will be carried out from the above reference point using a transit vehicle, etc., and the reference point will be relocated within each starting shaft.

If there is a building etc. between the reference point on the ground surface and the shaft,
Naturally, the number of times the reference point is relocated increases.

(3) Using the same method, reference points are sequentially relocated to the front of the tunnel as the tunnel progresses. The number of relocations depends on the performance and accuracy of the surveying equipment, and the longer the tunnel, the more
There will be more. Additionally, if the tunnel has curved sections and it is not possible to survey in a straight line, the reference point must be relocated.

(4) Then, measure one or more points inside the shield tunneling machine from the reference point closest to the tunnel tip, and based on that, determine the cutter tip position and the inclination of the shield tunneling machine from the shape of the shield tunneling machine, etc. .

(5) Measure the position and inclination of each segment from the same underground reference point, and determine the direction of the excavation line from the results.

The above is a commonly used surveying method, and the direction of excavation is controlled based on the survey results.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

In the above-mentioned conventional technology, the error regarding the position of each shield tunneling machine increases as it moves away from the initial reference point position due to the following error causes. Furthermore, the larger the number of times the reference point is relocated, the larger the error becomes.

The causes of error consist of the following elements.

(1) Accuracy of surveying equipment (2) Quality of surveying technology (3) Quality of shield tunneling machine attitude control technology (4) Quality of segment assembly (5) Quality of backfilling work (excessive or insufficient amount of backfill injection) (The segment will move).

(6) Whether or not underground survey points are properly maintained (7) Reading errors due to ground vibrations and other factors, even if current surveying technology is used, there is a possibility that an error of about ±50 mm will occur for an excavation length of about 2 km, for example. is large. Therefore, when docking two shield tunneling machines underground, even if it is assumed that the center position and inclination of each shield tunneling machine match perfectly according to the survey results described above, there will be a deviation by this error. Figure 4.

Misalignment will occur in the combined state shown in FIG.

Therefore, in order to successfully dock a shield tunneling machine that has dug a long distance underground, it is necessary to understand the relative deviation with the other machine in advance, and to check the position of each shield tunneling machine at the docking point. It is necessary to control the excavation of the shield excavator so as to eliminate deviations in the center position and inclination.

In addition to underground docking between shield tunneling machines, the same can be said when connecting a shield machine that is currently digging to an underground structure such as an existing tunnel or shaft.

An object of the present invention is to provide a means for solving the above-mentioned problems and allowing a shield excavator that is excavating to accurately reach a target position.

[Means to solve the problem]

The above object is achieved by the invention described in claims 1 to 13.

The invention according to claim 1 constructs a pilot shield shaft penetrating underground between a rotary cutter type shield excavator that is excavating underground toward a target position and the target position side, and A shield construction method is characterized in that the current position of the rotary cutter type shield excavator with respect to the target position is measured through a shield pit, and the invention according to claim 2 is the shield construction method according to claim 1, wherein: The invention as set forth in claim 3 is characterized in that the pilot shield pit is constructed through the center of the rotary cutter of the rotary cutter type shield excavator. A pilot shield shaft penetrating underground is constructed between the tunneling machine and the target position side, a reference point is installed in the tunnel behind the rotary cutter type shield tunneling machine, and a pilot shield shaft is installed through the pilot shield shaft. The shield construction method is characterized in that the position of the reference point with respect to the target position is surveyed. - The invention according to claim 5 is characterized in that the rotary cutter is constructed through the center of the rotary cutter of a rotary excavator, while controlling the excavation direction based on the survey results by the method according to claim 1 or 2. It is a shield construction method characterized by making a shield excavator dig and reach a target position, and the invention according to claim 6 is a shield construction method characterized by making a shield excavator excavate and reach a target position. This is a shield construction method that is characterized by making a rotary cutter type shield excavator excavate and reach a target position while excavating.

The invention as set forth in claim 7 provides a structure in which a rotary cutter type shield excavator is provided between the rotary cutter type shield excavator that is excavating underground toward the target position and the target position side through the center of the rotary cutter of the rotary cutter type shield excavator. Construct a pilot shield hole that penetrates the inside, and leave the pilot shield hole in place,
The current position of the rotary cutter type shield excavator is repeatedly surveyed with respect to the target position through the pilot shield hole, and the rotary cutter type shield excavator is controlled while sequentially controlling the excavation direction based on each survey result. A shield construction method is characterized in that the shield construction method is characterized by excavating and reaching a target position, and the invention according to claim 8,
A pilot shield hole is provided between the rotary cutter type shield excavator which is excavating underground toward the target position and the target position side, and penetrates through the ground through the center of the rotary cutter of the rotary cutter type shield excavator. a reference point is installed in the tunnel behind the rotary cutter type shield excavator, and the position of the reference point is surveyed with respect to the target position via the pilot shield pit while leaving the pilot shield pit in place. This shield construction method is characterized in that the above-mentioned rotary cutter type shield excavator is excavated repeatedly, and the rotary cutter type shield excavator is excavated while controlling the excavation direction sequentially based on the respective survey results to reach the target position.

The invention according to claim 9 is a rotary cutter type shield excavator, characterized in that a pilot shield excavator is provided in the rotary cutter type shield excavator, which is capable of penetrating the center of the rotary cutter and constructing a pilot shield tunnel forward. It is an excavator.

The invention according to claim 1O is the shield tunneling machine according to claim 9, wherein the pilot shield tunneling machine is an tunneling machine whose excavation direction can be controlled.
The invention as described in claim 12 is characterized in that the pilot shield excavator is an excavator having an over-digging function.The invention as described in claim 12 is characterized in that the pilot shield excavator is an excavator having an over-digging function. A shield tunneling machine, characterized in that a cylindrical structure that penetrates through the center and can receive a pilot shield tunneling machine is provided, and a blind lid is attached to the inside of this cylindrical structure so that it can be pulled out to the inside of the machine. The invention according to claim 13 is defined as claim 12.
The shield tunneling machine described above is characterized in that the front cover is provided with a digging blade on its front end surface.

[Effect]

The invention as claimed in claim 1 accurately determines the current position of the shield excavator with respect to the target position by using a pilot shield pit constructed between the rotary cutter type shield excavator and the target position side as a surveying pit. This made it possible to conduct measurements. Moreover, as claimed in claim 3,
Instead of the current position of the shield tunneling machine, a reference point can be installed in the rear tunnel, and the position of the reference point relative to the target position can be accurately measured.

Since the deviation of the shield excavator with respect to the target position can be determined from these survey results, the shield excavator can be caused to excavate while controlling the excavation direction based on these survey results, as described in claim 5 or 6. In the end, the route can be corrected to reach the target position, and if there is a shield machine on the other side that should be connected to the target position, both shield machines can be properly docked underground. becomes possible.

If the pilot shield hole is constructed through the center of the rotary cutter of the shield excavator as described in claim 2 or 4, the pilot shield hole will not interfere with the rotary cutter even when re-excavating after surveying, so the pilot shield hole can be removed. There is no need for it, and you can take measurements at any time.

In particular, as described in claim 7, the pilot shield hole passing through the center of the rotary cutter is left in place, and the current position of the shield excavator relative to the target position is repeatedly surveyed through the pilot shield hole, and each survey is carried out repeatedly. Is the direction of excavation sequentially controlled based on the results? When the shield excavator excavates while performing ff1l, it is possible to perform excavation in a so-called visual state, in which the route is always corrected while looking ahead, and the accuracy of reaching the target position is further increased.

The invention according to claim 8 is a case in which a reference point is installed in the tunnel behind the shield tunneling machine, and the excavation direction is controlled based on the survey result of the position of the reference point with respect to the target position. Similarly, by conducting repeated surveys through a pilot shield hole that passes through the center of the rotating canter, the excavation route can be corrected to account for deviations in the reference point due to movement of segments during excavation, and the accuracy of reaching the target position can be improved. can be increased.

The construction of the viroft shield pit passing through the center of the rotary cutter of the shield tunneling machine can be carried out by a pilot shield tunneling machine launched from the center of the rotary cutter of the shield tunneling machine. As the pilot shield excavator, an excavator whose excavation direction can be controlled is used, and the excavation is controlled so as not to deviate from the planned pilot shield line. Further, this pilot shield excavator is provided with an over-digging function which will be described later.

When the shield tunneling machines are docked underground, the shield tunneling machine on the other side is provided with a cylindrical structure that penetrates the rotary cutter and the partition wall behind the rotary cutter as described in claim 12, and the shield as described in claim 9 When the pilot shield tunneling machine launched from the tunneling machine reaches the other side's shield tunneling machine, the blind cover attached to the inside of the cylindrical structure is pulled out to the inside of the machine and passed through the inside of this cylindrical structure. By thrusting the pilot shield tunneling machine into the other shield tunneling machine, the pilot shield tunnel is constructed by penetrating the center of the rotary cutter of both shield tunneling machines. A clearance is provided between the outer periphery of the pilot shield pit and both shield excavators, allowing for the deviation of the excavation routes of both shield excavators. The approach allows route correction when tunneling underground.

When excavating with the pilot shield excavator, by excavating more than the amount equivalent to the clearance in advance, it is possible to eliminate any remaining excavation when the shield excavator excavates again. Furthermore, by providing an excavation blade on the front end surface of the blind cover attached to the cylindrical structure of the counterpart shield excavator, normal excavation can be performed without any trouble.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram when the present invention is applied to underground docking between shield tunneling machines. (a) shows that two shield tunneling machines IA and IB face each other underground, and there is a deviation in the center position and inclination of each shield tunneling machine. (b) shows the pilot shield pit 2 between the shield tunneling machines IA and IB from the shield tunneling machine IB side.
After confirming the relative positions of both machines through this pilot shield pit 2, the shield tunneling machine IA is allowed to dig until it reaches the docking point, which is the target position, as shown by the virtual line IA'. let This re-excavation is I
Either A or IB shield excavator may be used.

Prior to explaining the surveying method and excavation control method for underground docking, the structure of the shield excavator used therein and the process of constructing the pilot shield pit 2 will be explained.

FIG. 6 shows an example of a rotary cutter type shield tunneling machine equipped with a pilot shield tunneling machine according to the present invention. This shield excavator has a chamber 5 having an earth and sand stirring device 6 formed between a rotary cutter 3 provided at the front and a rear bulkhead 4, and a cutter bearing a and a pinion having a ring gear 7a inside the machine behind the bulkhead 4. 8a, a propulsion shield jack 9, an erector 10 for assembling the segments 11, etc. are installed, and while excavating the ground by the rotation of the rotary cutter 3, the shield uses the segments 11 as reaction force receivers. It digs using the propulsion force of Jyatsuki 9. The canter head 3b at the center of the rotary cutter, which was provided in the conventional rotary cutter type shield excavator (Fig. 16), was removed, and a circular shape was created in which the pilot shield excavator 14 could pass through the center of the cutter boss 3a and bulkhead boss 4a. Holes 12.13 are opened, and the pilot shield excavator 14 is installed in the shield excavator through the two holes 12.13 so that its canter head 14a is in contact with another mountain. Inside the machine behind the bulkhead 4, there is a main push device 15 equipped with a propulsion jack 16 and a pedestal 17, which holds the pilot shield tunneling machine 14. A dirt seal 1B is installed on the inner circumference of the bulkhead boss hole 13, and the outer circumferential surface of the pilot shield excavator 14 is used as a sealing surface to prevent dirt from entering the rear part of the bulkhead 4. During normal excavation, the cutter boss The pilot shield excavator 14 excavates the ground in the center of the rotary cutter, which cannot be excavated due to the hole 12.
This is done using the cutter head 14a.

FIG. 7 shows an example of the internal structure of the pilot shield excavator 14. Inside the pilot shield excavator 14,
Cutter drive motor 14 that rotates cutter head 14a
b, a direction correction jack 14c, a surveying device 14d consisting of a laser receiver, etc., a mud feeding pipe 14 for discharging excavated earth and sand backwards;
E etc. are equipped. Pilot shield excavator 14
The rear end of the pipe 19 connected to the rear of the propulsion jack 16 is in contact with the propulsion jack 16 as shown in FIG. By adding a subsequent pipe 19 to the top, a pilot shield pit is constructed underground in front. The excavation direction of the pilot shield excavator 14 is controlled by detecting a deviation in the excavation direction by receiving a laser beam from a laser beam 'a (not shown) provided on the main pushing device 15 side with a surveying device 14d.
This is done by selectively operating a plurality of direction correction jacks 14c. Further, the cutter head 14a is provided with a cutter 14f for over-drilling which is remotely controlled to perform over-drilling during excavation.

Figure 8 shows a shield excavator 20 equipped with a pilot shield excavator 14 and a counterpart shield excavator 2 connected underground.
An example of configuration 1 is shown below. In the figure, parts common to those in FIG. 6 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and explanations thereof will be omitted.

This counterpart shield tunneling machine 21 also has a cutter structure similar to that of the shield tunneling machine 20 shown in FIG. It passes through hole 13 and penetrates into the interior of the aircraft at the rear. A blind cover 23 is attached to the inner side end of the cylindrical structure 22 with bolts or the like, and is attached to the inner space of the cylindrical structure 22 so as to rotate together with the rotary cutter 3. The lid 23 prevents earth and sand from flowing into the machine, and the excavation blade 23a provided on the front end surface of the blind lid 23 excavates the ground at the center of the rotary cutter. A dirt seal 18 is provided on the inner circumference of the bulkhead boss portion 4a, and the outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical structure portion 22 is used as a sealing surface to prevent dirt from entering the machine. Further, an earth and sand seal 24 is also provided on the inner circumference of the cylindrical structure part 22, and during normal excavation, the outer peripheral surface of the blind lid 23 is used as a sealing surface to prevent earth and sand from entering the inside of the machine.

9 to 12 show the construction process of a pilot shield pit when the shield tunneling machines 20 and 21 are docked underground.

It is said that a distance of four to five times the shield diameter is normally required to correct the route of a rotary cutter type shield excavator prior to underground docking. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9, when the shield tunneling machines 20 and 21 come close to the above-mentioned predetermined distance, the tunneling is stopped, and the pilot shield tunneling machine 14 is moved from inside the shield tunneling machine 20 into the cylinder of the other shield tunneling machine 21. It is launched aiming at the inner space of the shaped structure part 22. FIG. 10 shows the state in which the pilot shield excavator 14 is digging. When the pilot shield excavator 14 comes into contact with the blind lid 23, the connection between the blind lid 23 and the cylindrical structure 22 is released, and the pilot shield excavator 1 is removed as shown in FIG.
Extract it into the shield excavator 2 by the propulsion force of step 4. After the blind cover 23 has completely come out, the pilot shield excavator 14 that has penetrated into the shield excavator 21 is moved to the trailing pipe 1.
Separated from 9, shield excavators 20 and 21 are connected to pipe 1.
9, it is in a connected state. FIG. 12 shows the state in which the pilot shield pit 2 is constructed by the pipe 19 between the shield tunneling machines 20 and 21. Thereafter, a survey is conducted through the interior space of the pilot shield pit 2 to confirm the relative positions of the shield tunneling machines 20 and 21. Note that an earth and sand shield 24 is installed in advance on the inner periphery of the cylindrical structure part 22 to prevent earth and sand from entering even after the pilot shield excavator 14 arrives.

Once the correction value for re-excavation has been determined in this manner, either of the shield excavators 20, 21 is re-excavated while controlling the direction. At that time, as the excavation progresses, pipe 1
9 is removed in the shield excavator 21 one span at a time. Here, the cutter boss portion 3 of the shield excavator 20
a, clearances are provided between the bulkhead boss portion 4a and the pipe 19 and between the cylindrical structure portion 22 of the shield excavator 21 and the pipe 19, as necessary for route correction during re-excavation.

FIG. 6 shows an example of a shield tunneling machine equipped with a pilot shield tunneling machine 14 from the beginning, but as shown in FIG.
A cylindrical structure part 22 is provided that penetrates through 3 into the inside of the machine,
Normal excavation is carried out with a blind cover 23 installed inside the cylindrical structure 22, and when constructing the pilot shield tunnel, the blind cover 23 is removed and pulled out inside the machine, and the cylindrical structure 22 is
A pilot shield excavator 14 may be installed through the inner space of 2.

FIG. 14 shows the shield tunneling machine shown in FIG. 13 with the blind lid 23 removed, the pilot shield tunneling machine 14 installed, and the shield tunneling machine 14 started. Figure 15 shows an example of a shield excavator equipped with a rotary cutter 3 with a center shaft, in which the center shaft 25 is provided with an inner cavity through which the pilot shield excavator 14 can pass, and is attached to the inner cavity of the center shaft during normal excavation. The blind cover 23 is removed to the inside of the machine, and the pilot shield excavator 14 is launched from the inner cavity thereof.

Pilot shield excavator 1 shown in Figures 6 and 14
4 is a push-pipe type shield tunneling machine propelled by a propulsion jack 16 of a main pushing device 15, and the shield tunneling machine 20
When the shield tunneling machine 20 has a large diameter, the shield tunneling machine 20 can be used as a pilot shield tunneling machine, which propels the shield tunneling machine by assembling segments with the shield tunneling machine 20 as a reaction force receiver.

Next, examples of the surveying method according to the present invention are shown in Figs.
This will be explained using Figure 6.

Tunnel surveying is basically carried out by the following two types of surveying.

(a) Level survey (b) Traverse survey The contents of each survey are well known, so I will briefly describe them, but in general, height surveying is done by level surveying, and position surveying on a plane is done by traverse surveying.

Inside the tunnel, a measurement point is usually set up to serve as a reference for surveying, and daily measurements are conducted using this measurement point as a reference. In addition, the general surveying method is to re-measure the measurement points from the reference point in the shaft several times during the excavation period to improve the accuracy of the survey.

In traverse surveying, in addition to surveying the assembled segments, the direction of the shield tunneling machine is also surveyed using two internal reference points, which is useful for controlling the direction of the shield tunneling machine. Furthermore, a plumb bob is often used to measure the pitching of a shield tunneling machine.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the implementation state of level surveying inside the tunnel. 100 is a shield tunneling machine, 101 is a segment, 1
02 is a shaft, 103 is a level meter, and 104.105 is a scale. If P is taken as the reference point, the height E L (i) of the survey point M from the reference level is B L (i)
= E L (o) + B S − F S (i
). Although the figure uses a shaft reference point, the same applies when using a measurement point inside a tunnel.

FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the state in which the position of the segment 101 is being surveyed by traverse surveying. Place the level 107 on the scale 106 installed at the survey point M, and set the scale 1 horizontally.
Set 06 and read the center position with transit. At this time, a reference line is drawn by looking at the measuring point Pi-1 behind the measuring point P where the transit is installed, and the accuracy Aθ is detected.

Here, if the azimuth of the measuring point Pi-1 is θto1, the azimuth of the measuring point P is θf+P, and the distance between the two points LM is,
The plane coordinates (X, 4.Yl, l) of point M are: X, 4 = Xpi + Lt X sin θ.

Y, 4=Y, 4+L"4 X cos θ.

However, θ=θ=−+ + A e t 18
It is determined by 0'.

FIG. 19 is a state diagram of a survey to check the yawing of the shield tunneling machine 100. Shield tunneling machine 100 in advance
Two reference points (M, , M,) are established within the area, and the coordinate relationship with the tip of the shield tunneling machine, etc. is known.

After drawing a reference line between measurement points P = and P = -+, the direction of the shield excavator 100 and the like can be confirmed by surveying the positions of the in-machine reference points M, , M,.

Coordinates of the in-flight control point M1 (Xat, Vat), MZ
(X, +2°Y6.) and the calculation formula for the azimuth angle θi is as follows.

θ1. =θi-, +Aθ, -180"θ1□=θmu, +Aθz 180"X B 1 = X pt
+ f H1X stn θ, electric Y6+=Y
pi+j21+X CO5θmukuXat=Xp!
+ l izX sinθ1□Yez=Ypf+l!
t × cos θ, 2 An example of the surveying state when optical surveying is enabled by penetrating the pilot shield hole 2 between the shield tunneling machines 2o and 21 for underground docking is shown in the 20th example.
It is shown in FIGS. Surveying through the pilot shield pit is basically the same as the tunnel survey described above, but the purpose of the survey is to correct the deviation between the two shield tunneling machines.

FIG. 20 is a state diagram of surveying for level error correction. A level meter 108 is installed at a measuring point in the rear tunnel of one shield tunneling machine 21, and a scale 109 installed at a measuring point in the rear tunnel of the other shield tunneling machine 20 is read through the pilot shield hole 2. You can see the difference in the height of the tunnel.

Although the figure shows the case where the scale 109 is installed at a measurement point, it is also possible to install the scale at any point including inside the other party's shield excavator 20 and perform level surveying from the measurement points of both tunnels.

FIG. 21 shows the case where the deviation of the coordinate values of both tunnels was measured. In the figure, a target survey point 110 is set up inside the shield excavator 20, and the traverse survey is carried out using transits 111 and 112 installed at survey points in both tunnels. The target survey point may be provided in the rear tunnel of the shield tunneling machine or in the pilot shield shaft 2. In this case, the error in the angle required to match the inclinations of both shield tunneling machines cannot be determined.

FIG. 22 shows a case in which surveying was carried out to match the inclinations of both shield tunneling machines 20 and 21, and to correct even the angular error from the reference line used for surveying. That is, by surveying the target survey points 110 and any point 113 other than 110 used in FIG. The purpose is to find the relative deviation of

FIG. 23 is a diagram showing the state in which the inclination of the other shield tunneling machine is directly measured through the pilot shield pit 2. The two target survey points 110 installed on the other shield tunneling machine 20 are surveyed from the transit 111 installed at a measuring point in the rear tunnel of one shield tunneling machine 21 via the pilot shield pit 2. This is to find the slope.

Figures 25 and 26 show the contents of the survey in Figures 20 and 21.

Figure 25 shows the shaft reference point P. The level survey results for both tunnels from +po to the final survey point after penetrating the pilot shield shaft are shown. In the figure, P is the height point expressed by E L (P) obtained by surveying from the shaft A side. Yes, p
is the height point expressed by el(p) obtained by surveying from the shaft B side. (P, ~Pn+ p+ ~pka are measurement points). Level measurement value E L (a) at starting shaft A
From the level measurement value el(b) at the starting shaft B, the level measurement value E L at the final survey point for each route
(P) and el (p) are found, and the difference between these values Δ
H(=EL(P)-el(p)) is the height correction value for re-excavation.

Figure 26 shows the planar position of both tunnels from the shaft reference point Po, po to the final survey point, and in the figure, P is shaft A.
These are the coordinates obtained by surveying from the side, and p is the coordinates obtained by surveying from the shaft B side.

Here, the coordinates P of the final survey point from the shaft entry side are
(P,,P,) is the coordinate p(px,
py) is the amount of deviation (ΔX) at the final survey point due to the error between the two.

Δy) is Δx = P w P yt , Δy female Py
Py, which becomes the coordinate correction value for re-excavation.

Furthermore, even if the internal space of the pilot shield shaft 2 is not penetrated as shown in FIG. 24, by setting the target survey point on the plate 114 that closes the pilot shield shaft 2, the deviation of the coordinate values of both tunnels can be reduced. It is obtained in the same manner as in FIG. In this case, in order to accurately grasp the inclination of the shield tunneling machine 20, 21, it is necessary to install a gyro compass inside the shield tunneling machine, or to install three or more survey points on the plate 114 that closes the pilot shield pit. It is possible to use a method such as determining the installation angle of the plate 114 by surveying each point from inside both tunnels and calculating the angular error between the axes of both tunnels.

A gyro compass takes advantage of the fact that a gyro points to true north, and is used to determine the inclination of a shield machine by installing it inside the machine in advance, aligning it with the axis of the machine. Therefore, by installing it in both shield tunneling machines, it is possible to compare the inclinations of the shield tunneling machines.

Based on the correction values for the positions and inclinations of both shield excavators determined by the above survey, the direction of excavation of the shield excavators during re-excavation is controlled and the route is corrected. The excavation direction can also be controlled by the operator selecting and operating the shield jack 9 manually based on the above correction value, but it is also possible to control the excavation direction by manually operating the shield jack 9 based on the above correction value. It is also possible to adopt an automatic direction control system that directly inputs this as an electrical signal into a computer, calculates a correction value for re-excavation, and then automatically operates the shield jack based on the correction value.

Regarding an automatic direction control system for a shield excavator that combines automatic surveying using a laser beam device, etc. and automatic operation of a shield jack using a computer, the Japanese Patent Publication Publication No. 61-5
No. 6755 discloses a method for surveying the current position of a shield excavator from the rear, and this method uses a surveying instrument installed on the target position side to survey the current position of a shield excavator through a pilot shield hole. A detailed description of this system will be omitted since it can also be applied to other systems.

One way to control excavation is to measure the relative position between a reference point installed in the tunnel behind the shield machine and the target position, and then move the shield machine towards the target position based on that reference point. It is also possible to make it dig. However, in general, segments near the tip of a tunnel tend to move due to loosening of the ground, and in -degree surveying, the position of the reference point shifts before the shield excavator reaches the target position. In addition, there may be measurement errors or errors in direction control, so the survey mentioned above will be repeated during re-excavation, with Pilot Shield Pit 2 left in place, and the route will be corrected one by one based on the results. By doing so, the accuracy of reaching the target position can be further increased.

Above, we have explained an example in which the pilot shield hole is constructed through the center of the rotary cutter, but even if the pilot shield hole is constructed by penetrating through a part other than the center of the rotary cutter and surveying is carried out, the line correction 1 It is possible. In this case, the pilot shield hole that interferes with the rotary cutter must be removed before re-excavation, and resurveying during excavation is not possible, but unlike conventional methods, the pilot shield hole that interferes with the rotary cutter cannot be re-surveyed. The deviation at the time of dotting can be suppressed to a smaller value than when dotting in the middle.

The technology described above can be applied not only to underground docking between shield tunneling machines, but also to T-shaped connections between shield tunneling machines and existing tunnels, or connection between shield tunneling machines and vertical shafts.

In addition, the pilot shield excavator equipped on the shield excavator can be used for other purposes such as advance investigation of the ground, ground improvement, and measures to remove foreign objects.

[Effects of the Invention] According to the present invention, the deviation of the shield excavator from the target position can be ascertained in advance by surveying through the pilot shield pit, and the excavation direction of the shield excavator is controlled based on the survey results, so that the excavation can be carried out. By being able to correct the route, it is possible to increase the accuracy with which the shield tunneling machine reaches its target location. In particular, a pilot shield hole is constructed through the center of the rotary cutter of the shield excavator, and while the pilot shield hole remains in place, surveys are repeatedly carried out through the pilot shield hole, and the shield is shielded while sequentially controlling the direction of excavation based on the survey results. If the excavator is allowed to dig, the accuracy of reaching the target position will be further increased through so-called visual excavation, and there will be no risk of destabilizing the ground due to the removal of the pilot shield pit that has been constructed.
It is possible to achieve underground docking of a shield tunneling machine more safely and reliably.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a conceptual diagram when the present invention is applied to underground tunneling by a shield tunneling machine, Figures 2 to 5 are explanatory diagrams of deviations in the tunneling line during underground tunneling, and Figure 6 is a diagram according to the present invention. A side sectional view showing an example of the configuration of a rotary cutter type shield tunneling machine equipped with a pilot shield tunneling machine. Figure 7 is a side sectional view illustrating the internal structure of the pilot shield tunneling machine. Figure 8 is a side sectional view showing an example of the structure of a rotary cutter type shield tunneling machine equipped with a pilot shield tunneling machine. 9 to 12 are explanatory views of the process of constructing a pilot shield tunnel between both shield machines shown in FIGS. 6 and 8. 13 to 15 are side sectional views showing other configuration examples of a rotary cutter type shield tunneling machine equipped with a pilot shield tunneling machine according to the present invention,
Figure 16 is a side sectional view of a conventional rotary cutter type shield excavator, Figure 17 is a state diagram of level surveying in a tunnel, and Figure 1
Figures 8 and 19 are state diagrams of traverse surveying inside a tunnel, Figures 20 to 24 are state diagrams of surveying via a pilot shield shaft according to the present invention, and Figures 25 and 26 are state diagrams of surveying through a pilot shield shaft according to the present invention. . FIG. 22 is an explanatory diagram of the survey contents in FIG. 21; LA, IB...Shield excavator, 2...Pilot shield pit, 3...Rotary cutter, 4...Bulkhead, 9...
...Shield jack, 12...Cutter boss hole, 1
3... Bulkhead boss hole, 14... Pilot shield excavator, 14a... Cutter head, 14b... Cutter drive motor, 14c... Direction correction jack, 14d
...Surveying device, 14e...Sludge pipe, 14f...Cutter for over-drilling, 15...Main push device, 16...Propulsion jack, 19...Pipe, 20...Pilot A rotary cutter type shield excavator equipped with a shield excavator,
21... Opposite shield excavator, 22... Cylindrical structure part, 23... Blind lid, 23a... Excavation blade, 108...
...Level meter, 109...Scale, 110...Target survey point, 111°112...Transit, 113
...Survey point patent applicant Maeda Construction Industry Co., Ltd. Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. Representative Patent attorney Masami Akimoto (1 other person) Figure 1 (a) (b) IA, IS-・Shield excavator IA '......Final position of shield tunneling machine IA 2......Pilot shield drag Fig. 2 1Δ Fig. 3 Fig. 4 A Fig. 13 9: Shield jack Fig. 15 5: Chamber 8: Kawata drive motor 9: Shield jack

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A pilot shield shaft penetrating underground is constructed between the rotary cutter type shield excavator which is digging underground toward the target position and the target position side, and this pilot A shield construction method characterized by measuring the current position of the rotary cutter type shield excavator with respect to the target position through a shield pit. 2. The shield construction method according to claim 1, wherein the pilot shield pit is constructed through the center of the rotary cutter of the rotary cutter type shield excavator. 3. A pilot shield pit penetrating underground is constructed between the rotary cutter type shield excavator which is excavating underground toward the target position and the target position side, and the rotary cutter type shield excavator is A shield construction method characterized in that a reference point is installed in a rear tunnel, and the position of the reference point relative to the target position is measured through the pilot shield hole. 4. The shield construction method according to claim 3, wherein the pilot shield pit is constructed through the center of the rotary cutter of the rotary cutter type shield excavator. 5. A shield construction method, characterized in that, based on the survey results obtained by the method according to claim 1 or 2, a rotary cutter type shield excavator is caused to excavate while controlling the excavation direction to reach a target position. 6. A shield construction method, characterized in that, based on the survey results obtained by the method according to claim 3 or 4, a rotary cutter type shield excavator is caused to excavate while controlling the excavation direction to reach a target position. 7. A pilot shield that penetrates the ground through the center of the rotary cutter of the rotary cutter type shield excavator between the rotary cutter type shield excavator that is digging underground toward the target position and the target position side. constructing a pit, and while leaving the pilot shield pit in place, repeatedly surveying the current position of the rotary cutter type shield excavator with respect to the target position via the pilot shield pit;
The rotary cutter type shield excavator excavates while sequentially controlling the excavation direction based on each survey result,
A shield construction method characterized by reaching the target position. 8. A pilot shield pit that penetrates underground through the center of the rotary cutter of the rotary cutter type shield excavator between the rotary cutter type shield excavator that is digging underground toward the target position and the target position. A reference point is installed in the tunnel behind the rotary cutter type shield excavator, and the position of the reference point relative to the target position is determined through the pilot shield pit while leaving the pilot shield pit in place. A shield construction method characterized in that the rotary cutter type shield excavator excavates the excavation machine while repeatedly conducting surveys and sequentially controlling the excavation direction based on the results of each survey to reach a target position. 9. A rotary cutter type shield excavator, characterized in that a pilot shield excavator is provided in the rotary cutter, which is capable of penetrating the center of the rotary cutter and constructing a pilot shield tunnel forward. 10. The shield excavator according to claim 9, wherein the pilot shield excavator is an excavator whose excavation direction can be controlled. 11. Claim 9 or 10, wherein the pilot shield excavator is an excavator having an over-digging function.
The shield excavator described. 12. In a rotary cutter type shield tunneling machine, a cylindrical structure that can receive the pilot shield tunneling machine by penetrating the center of the rotary cutter and the bulkhead behind it is provided, and a blind cover is provided inside this cylindrical structure. A shield excavator characterized by being attached to the inside of the machine so that it can be removed. 13. The shield excavator according to claim 12, wherein the blind lid has a digging blade on its front end surface.