JPH05506801A - 電気外科用電極 - Google Patents

電気外科用電極

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JPH05506801A
JPH05506801A JP91508868A JP50886891A JPH05506801A JP H05506801 A JPH05506801 A JP H05506801A JP 91508868 A JP91508868 A JP 91508868A JP 50886891 A JP50886891 A JP 50886891A JP H05506801 A JPH05506801 A JP H05506801A
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ビュールナ テランス ジェイ
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アプライド メディカル リソーセス コーポレイション
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
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    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
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    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00571Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for achieving a particular surgical effect
    • A61B2018/00601Cutting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/1206Generators therefor
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14Probes or electrodes therefor
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Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるため要約のデータは記録されません。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 電気外科用電極 鯨術分野 3朋9背見 単極電気外科用切断では、電流を、活性切断電極から患者の組織を通って、接地 パッド又はケーブルに流れさせる。電流は、活性切断電極で組織を切断し、切断 速度はその領域の組織を通る電流密度によって決まる。低い電流密度では、熱が 発生し、切断(オ酌戊されない。高い電流密度では、急速な切断が起こる。
2極電気外科用切断では、電流は、活性切断電極から患者の組織を通って、切断 電極から短い距離離れて患者の組織内に置かね。又は、これと接触しているリタ ーン電極に流れる。切断電極及びリターン電極は、一般的には、単一の器具によ って支えられる 電流密度は、加えられる(ワットて1り定した)電流によって決まり、この目的 のために設計泊れた従来の発電機にある調節装置を利用して制御することかでき る。電流密度はまた、全回路のmlJインピーダンスによっても決まる。直Jl lインピーダンスは、回路を通る電流に対する抵抗の総1刊こ等しい。tall インピーダンスは活性電極の材料と設計によって、患者によって、切断すべき組 織の種類によって、かつ患者と(単電極を利用するとき)接地パッドとの間に確 立される接触状態並びに切断部位に対する接地パッドの位置によって影響される 。手術中、通常は、この変動性を補償し、かつ、外科医の好みを反映するように 、発電機の設定は調節される。この種の手術に用いられる発電機は、種々の処置 と装置に順応するように広範囲の電力出力を有する。
電気外科用切断の目的は、組繊細胞が、蒸気に変わって細胞マトリックス中にキ ャピテイを残すほど急速に組繊細胞を加熱することにある。加熱は蒸気で散逸さ れ、組織を通って伝わらず、それによって隣接した細胞を乾燥することを意味す る。電極を動かし、新鮮な組織に接触するとき、新しい細胞が爆発し、切開がな される。そのような電気外科用切断は、組織1こ対する電流のスパーキング(s parking)を含む。利用する電流は、高周波の範囲にあり、空気の間隙を 横切って組織に飛ぶ高周波電流によって作動する。これはスパーキングとして知 られている電気外科用切断理論の説明は、1986年3月1日にコロラド州のヴ アリラブオブ ボウルダー社(Valleylab of Boulder、  Co1orado)によって発行されたフォース l インストラクション マ ニュアル(FORCB I In5truction Manual)に見られ る。フォース 1 インストラクション マニュアルの全体のテキストを、参考 として取り入れる。
電気外科用切断についてめられる利点は、隣接した組織が過度に加熱され、それ によって乾燥さ桜損傷されるものと思われないことである。か(して、望ましい ことは、隣接した組織の損傷なくきれいに切断することである。残念ながら、電 流電気外科切断電極は、隣接した組織の十分な加熱が起こるような構造のもので あり、それによって多少、隣接した組織を損傷させかつ乾燥させる。
電気外科用放電療法/凝固は、フォース 1の刊行物の5頁に説明されているよ うに、異なる電力水準で、高いピーク電圧の短いバーストを用いる点を除き同様 に作動する。
本発明は上に述べる1又はそれ以上の問題点を解決することに関する。
発明の開示 本発明によれば、改良は、高周波電気信号を発し、信号を患者の身体組織にスパ ークし、それによって外科処置を行う電気コンダクタの形態の電極を有する電気 外科用装置である。単電極では、外科処置の行う組織から離れたレシーバ(接地 パッド)によって受けられる。2電極では、レシーバ−は活性電極に隣接してい る。改良は、外科処置の行う領域でコンダクタを取り囲む絶縁鞘を有し、その鞘 は、コンダクタの側面の部分のみに露出する領域に鞘にそって延びるスリットを 有する。
上に示す絶縁鞘を有する電気切断及び/又は高周波・凝固を利用することにょっ て、スパーキングをスリットの領域に制限させる。絶縁鞘は隣接した組織が加熱 され、乾燥されることから保護するのに役立つ。さらに、ワイヤを、ワイヤの強 度と安全性を維持する電気外科用切断に利用される従来のワイヤと同し厚さでも よい。その結果、取り囲まれた組織の又は切断電極の損傷なく、非常にきれいな 切断をすることかできる。又、高周波切断/凝結を制御可能に実施できる。さら に、切断がスリットによって定められる方向のみに起こることができ、それによ って、切断の配向が改良される。偶発的な切断が所望でない方向に起こらないよ うにスリットの整列がなされるので、所望でない方向での偶発的な切断の機会が 減少する。
図面の簡単な説明 本発明は、同じ番号が同し部分を示す図面の図を参照することによって、より理 解されるであろう。
図Iは、本発明の実施例による改良の詳細を、部分等角図で示す。
図2は、本発明の他の実施例による改良の詳細を、部分等角図で示す。
図4は、本発明による改良を含む電気外科用切断組立体の他の実施例を、等角図 で示す 図5は、経尿道切除に有用な本発明による実施例を、部分等角図で示す。
図6は、経尿道切開に有用な本発明による実施例を、部分等角図で示す。
図7は、本発明によるさらなる他の実施例を、部分等角図で示す。
図8は、本発明のなおさらなる他の実施例を、部分等角図で示す。
図9は、第1の形式の制御可能な効果的なスパーキング開口部を備えた実施例を 、図1と同様な図で示す。
図IGは、第2の形式の制御可能な効果的なスパーキン刀開口部を備えた実施例 を、図1と同様な図で示す。
実施列 本発明は、便利な形体の外科用電極10. 11.0. 21.0. 310.  410゜510.610の改良に関する。そのような電極の具体例を図3−図 10に示す。図1−図IOに示す特定の電気外科用電極は、尿生殖路の手術、特 に、前立腺手術に適応されている。しかし、本発明による電極は、電友汐III (勺電極の適するどんな2脣4処置にも用いることができる。そのような場合に は、適当に、他の形状寸法を利用することができる。本発明による電気外科用電 極を、従来の市販の切除用内視鏡、歯周M生器及び接地パッドと一緒に利用して もよい。
外科処置という用語をここに用いるとき、それは、切断の生しる又は生じない処 置を含むように、広い意味で用いられる。例えば、本発明の電極を、切開を形成 するために、及び/又は、切断を伴い或いは伴わないで、放電療法/凝固用に、 用いることができる。いずれの例でも、処置は外科的と考えられる。
図3の切断組立体100は、閉塞又は他の閉鎖を治療するために、尿管又は尿道 のような身体の管体又は導管を拡張する装置を有する。図3に示す形の実施例の 主な構成要素は、組立体の近位端12を構成するアダプター119組立体への種 々のポート(port)のための部位、3重ルーメン14を有するカテーテル本 体13、長手方向に延びた膨張可能なバルーン又はブラダ一部材15.及び電気 外科用切断電極lOである。3重ルーメン14の3つの通路のうちの1つは、膨 張/収縮のために役立ち、2番目の通路は、排出/注入/ガイドワイヤ通路とし て役立ち、3番目の通徂よ、電気外科用切断電極lOを支える。図3に示す装置 は、1989年1月18日に出願された出願第、 07/298.477号に、 より完全に説明されている。電気外科用切断電極10は、長手方向に延びた膨張 可能なブラダ−15にほぼ平行に沿って延びるワイヤ20の性質を帯びている。
使用中、ブラダ−15を、身体の導管の中へ外科的切断の必要な位置まで長手方 向に挿入する。次いで、高周波電流がワイヤ20に流しながら、ブラダ−15を 膨らませる(一般的には、内側に伸びないブラダ−を用いる)。これによって、 ワイヤを外方に動力化、隣接した囮をその方向に切開する。ブラダ−15と反対 に向いて設けられたスリット24をもつ鞘22がワイヤ20を取り囲む。本発明 の改良は、図3の装置について特に有用である。
図4は、前立腺の経尿道切除に用いることのできる変形例の電気外科用切断組立 体200を示す。
図4の電気外科用切断組立体200は、切断ループ21の形状のワイヤ20を有 する切断電極110を有する。この形の電気外科用切断組立体200は、従来の ように、尿道に挿入される切除用内視鏡に通す。次いで、高周波信号を切断電極 110に加え、それによって高周波信号は、ワイヤ20から組織を通し、ワイヤ 20から離れた位置で患者の身体と接触している接地パッドα示ナワに通される 。電気外科用切断電極110を、外科医の方に長手方向に動かして、前立腺を切 開又は切除する。
図5は、図4の電気外科用切断電極110の遠位端を、さらに詳細に示す。絶縁 鞘22がワイヤ20を取り囲み、近位の方向にぴμ斗医の方に)近位に面してス リット24を有する。
図6は、ワイヤ20が開放ループ21ではなく、密閉ループ121を有する切断 電極210を示し、これにより切断電極210は、全電離外科用切断組立体20 0全体を長平方向に動かしながら、細い線を、前立腺又は他の器官に切り込むの に用いることができる。近位方向に面し、密閉ループ121の湾曲部23に隣接 して置かれたスリット24がこの鞘22に気付くべきである。そのような処置は 、前立腺手術に用いられる時に前立腺の経尿道切除として知られている。
図7は、面被覆しており、形状が平らな下方の導体320の面の一部を露出させ るスリット24を備えた鞘22によって覆われた、ボヴイブレード(Bovie  blade)式の単電極切断電極310を示す。本発明の他の実施例によるよ うに、切断収は放電療法/凝固)は、スリット24の方向だけである。
図8は、完全に露出されるリターン電極34とて緒に2極電友汐14斗用切断電 極410を示す。切断電極410は、ワイヤ20の側面26の一部を露出させる スリット24を備えた鞘22によって覆われる。切断は、スリット24の方向で あり、リターン電極34は回路を完成するのに役立つ。
図9は、スリーブ構造体42を鞘22のまわりに同心状に置かれ、鞘22を貫通 する窓36を有する電気外科用切断電極510を示す。図9では、窓36は、ス リット24の一部だけを露出させ、これにより出来た切断口40はスリット24 よりも狭い。新註40を生じるスリット24の部分のみをさらす。スリーブ構造 体42は、鞘22を中心に回転され、一般的には鞘22にそって長手方向に摺動 して、効果的な切断口40の幅j常は、切断口40の長さ)を制御する。
図10は、スリーブ構造体44が、鞘22の幅広のスリット24を覆い、効果的 な切断口40を作るように選択された大きさである、比較的狭い窓4Gを有する 、電気外科用切断電極610を示す。スリーブ構造体44は、急速な放電療法/ 凝固用の幅広のスリット24を完全に露出させるのに十分鞘22に沿って長手方 向に移動できる。
図1及び図2は、本発明の改良の変形例を、拡大図で示す。
図1は、鞘22が切断を行う領域でワイヤ20を取り囲み、切断を行う領域でワ イヤに沿って延び、ワイヤ20の側面26の一部だけを露出させるスリット24 を有している実施例を示す。一般的には、スリット24は、鞘22に沿って長手 方向に延びる。スリット24を調節可能に置くことのできるようにするために、 鞘22をワイヤ20のまわりに摺動自在に置いてもよい。図1に示す実施例では 、スリット24は、ワイヤ20が切断を行うべき領域だけで鞘22にある。
図2の実施例では、スリット24は、鞘22に沿って延び、組織を切断すべき領 域よりも長い領域にわたってワイヤ20を露出させる。例えば、スリット24は 実質的にワイヤ20の全長に延びることができる。しかし、この実施例では、絶 縁スリーブ28.30は、鞘22に嵌まり、これによって、スリット24を通し て露出されるワイヤ20の領域のみが、ワイヤ20が切断を行う領域である。
図5及び図6を参照することによって、スリーブ28.30の設置を明瞭にする 。スリーブg8.30を鞘22のまわりに摺動自在に配置することができ、これ によって、ワイヤ20の領域の長さと位置決めを、外科医か調節できる。
ワイヤ20を断面が円形であるように示したが、ワイヤ20の形状は、設計上の 選択事項であり、本発明はそれに制限されない。
ワイヤ20に用いられる材料は、どんな導電材料でもよく、例えば、電気外科用 切断ワイヤに現在用いられているうちのどんな材料で作ってもよい。例えば、ワ イヤ20をステンレス綱又はタングステンで作ってもよい。
絶縁鞘22はワイヤ20に結合され又は付着された表面不服の性質を帯びてもよ い。変形例では、ワイヤ20のまわりに摺動自在に又は拘束して嵌まる、非取付 鞘の性質を帯びてもよい。ワイヤ20が、スパーキンクするのを防止し、それに よってスリット24による以外の隣接した組織を切断するのを防止するように、 絶縁特性を有する都合のよい材料で鞘22を作るのがよい。多くの重合材料を鞘 22の材料に用いることができる。例えば、テフロン(Du Pont社の商標 )はそのような材料の一つである。テフロンは、組織にくっつく係合をもたない 高い潤滑性の利点及び熱安定性の利点を有する。
本発明の電気外科用切断ワイヤは、従来技術の電気外科用切断ワイヤと実質的に 同じ断面寸法である。切断ワイヤが断面円形なら、切断ワイヤは、一般的には、 約0.010インチ(0,0254cm>乃至約0.100インチ(0,254 cm)の直径を有するワイヤからなるであろう。かくして、本発明の電気外科用 電極は、従来技術の電極と等しい強さと構造的な安定性を有することができる。
さらに、この鞘22とスリット24のために、切断ど凝固をよりもつど制御でき 、隣接した組織の損傷を大いに減少させる。
工業的な適応性 本発明は、外科処置を、隣接した組織の損傷を減少させて実施することができる 電気外科用電極10,110,210,310,410,510,610を提供 する。
本発明を、その発明の特定の実施例に関連して説明したが、本発明はさらなる変 形が可能であり、この出願は一般的に発明の原理に伴う、発明の変史用途。
又は、適用を含むものであり、本発明の属する技術において公知又は慣習の実施 の範囲に入り、前に記載した必須の特徴に適用され、かつ、本発明の範囲と添付 した請求の範囲の限定内に入るような、この開示からの逸脱事項を含むと理解さ れるであろう。
FIGURE10 要約書 本発明によれば、改良物は、高周波電気信号を発生させる導体20を有し、信号 が導体20に隣接する組織にスパークして外科処置を行い、レシーバ−によって 受けられる電気外科用電極を示す。改良は、外科的処置の行う領域に導体20を 取り囲む絶縁鞘22を有し、鞘22は、導体20の側面26の一部分のみを露出 する領域に鞘に沿って長手方向に延びるスリット24を有する。
国際調査報告

Claims (11)

    【特許請求の範囲】
  1. 1.高周波信号を発生する電気導体を有し、信号が患者の身体組織にスパークし て、身体組織に外科的機能を行い、信号が患者と導電的に接触してレシーバーに よって受けられる電気的外科用電極において、外科的機能が行われる領域で前記 導体を取り囲む絶縁鞘を有し、その鞘は、前記領域で鞘に沿って延び、導体の側 面の一部だけを露出させるスリットを有する電気外科用電極。
  2. 2.前記鞘は、前記導体上に被覆される請求項1記載の電気外科用電極。
  3. 3.前記スリットは、前記領域を越えて延びていない請求項1記載の電気外科用 電極。
  4. 4.前記スリットは、前記領域を越えて延び、さらに、鞘を通し露出される導体 の一部を前記領域内にあるように制限する位置で、前記導体のまわりに絶縁スリ ーブ構造体を有する請求項1記載の電気外科用電極。
  5. 5.前記絶縁スリーブ構造体が導体のまわりに摺動自在に嵌まり、領域の長さを 調節を可能にする請求項4記載の電気外科用電極。
  6. 6.前記スリットは、鞘に沿って長手方向に延びる請求項1記載の電気外科用電 極。
  7. 7.前記導体は、身体の導管の内部に沿って位置決めできる長手方向に延びた膨 張可能なブラダーに沿って延びるワイヤであり、スリットはブラダーと反対に向 いている請求項1記載の電気外科用電極。
  8. 8.前記絶縁スリーブ構造体は、前記鞘を覆い、鞘を貫通する長手方向に延びた 窓を有し、前記絶縁スリーブ構造体は、スリットの所望の幅を選択的に露出させ て、導体の所望の部分を露出させるために、前記窓によって前記スリットの少な くとも一部によって構成された開口部を作るために移動できる請求項1記載の電 気外科用電極。
  9. 9.前記レシーバーは、外科処置が行われる組織に隣接している請求項1記載の 電気外科用電極。
  10. 10.前記レシーバーは、外科処置が行われる組織から離れている請求項1記載 の電気外科用電極。
  11. 11.絶縁鞘は、外科処置が行われる組織と電極との付着を最小にするために、 くっつかない材料で作られている、請求項1記載の電気外科用電極。
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