JPH05506289A - How to disperse fog, cut ice and melt snow - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Method of Dispersing Fog, Cutting Ice and Melting Snow The present invention provides a method for dispersing or dispersing fog. , on how to cut ice and melt snow.

Fog layers constitute many obstacles to land, air and sea communications and can significantly Although the fog further reduces visibility completely, it is necessary to make clear the danger posed by the fog layer. There's no need.

In particular, daily airport shutdowns due to ice and seasonal closures of ports due to ice can cause significant losses. cause loss.

Fog is composed of an emulsion of water droplets in the air.

It forms a stratus type cloud that stays above the ground. Droplets have an average diameter of 1 micron They range from microns to several tens of microns and are suspended in the air. It has a mass of approximately 0.08 mg.

In contrast, raindrops have an average diameter ranging from 400 microns to 1000 microns. Therefore, raindrops fall to the ground under gravity.

The main reasons for band formation are dust from the ground, sea salt particles, combustion residues, etc. This is due to the presence of agglomeration nuclei.

So-called "advection" fog occurs when moist air moves over a cold surface. , for example, as a result of passing over the winter ground.

Moist air condenses, fog droplets appear, and adiabatic transformation occurs. sformatton). in the absence of any external factors At this point, the drops coalesce only very slowly.

Proposals have already been made to introduce such external factors into movement. drops Ice crystals that freeze and convert into ice all at once and cause them to fall to the ground Facilitates seeding of mist or coalescence of droplets, due to the action of surface tension, Physicalization is used to seed the fog with silver iodide microcrystals that fall to the ground as water droplets. There is a scientific solution.

Droplets float in the air as a result of the equilibrium between their mass and their surface tension in the air. maintained in a floating state.

Conversely, it is possible to prevent the droplets from freezing, but from another perspective, it is possible to Suggestions have already been made, such as evaporating them and dissolving the droplets in a stream of moist air. It is. However, although used in a small number of airports, the solution is In addition to being very uneconomical, the combustion itself generates seeds for additional fog formation.

EP-A-0233160 proposes a device for dispersing fog, in which The fog is drawn in and mixed with hot air. However, such The equipment may only be used for highly localized treatments and The combustor is susceptible to the same criticisms mentioned above regarding the combustor.

DE-A-2311169 is a high-power infrared laser beam focused on an airfield runway. (concentrated high power 1nfraredlas The present invention relates to a device for dispersing fog by using an er beam. Therefore hand, Only the surface of the runway is cleared of fog, but due to the layer of fog covering the airport, and remain invisible. Such devices may help aircraft take off However, the landing cannot be carried out under safe conditions. Therefore, the arrival of the plane The land issue will not be resolved.

DE-A-3433966 provides only the It describes how to illuminate the ice to prepare it.

US-A-4379217 discloses that ice-covered areas can be removed by helicopter using laser irradiation. Thaw from the tar. Such melting requires considerable thermal energy, but , it is difficult to obtain this thermal energy inside a flying airplane. .

In short, it is currently possible to disperse three-dimensional fog under viable conditions. Any known method by which ice can be cut through, such as to open or clear sea channels. There isn't.

According to the invention, the method for dispersing fog, cutting ice and/or melting snow is It is characterized by metamorphosing the water phase by external laser irradiation. are doing.

For fog, the infrared laser beam is gradually absorbed by the droplets, which immediately evaporates into For ice, it's a laser emitter Under thrust from an ice breaking ship (jcebreaker 5hip) with a moving them apart to cut through the expanse of ice, thereby directing the intended course of navigation. clean.

The present invention utilizes a laser beam that acts as a thermal bridge. Although efforts are made to break up the ice layer without melting the surface of the ice layer, It is. Furthermore, the simultaneous thrust from an ice-breaking ship carrying a laser emitter is Prevents ice from refreezing upon destruction.

According to another feature of the invention, the laser source is a carbon dioxide laser source.

The present invention provides the necessary energy for selecting the action of radiation from a C○2 laser on water. It is based on the idea that energy is minimal.

Such a laser can generate an electron ground state (electron ground state). vibrational rotational transition (vibra-tion-r) of carbon dioxide molecule Co2 at transition), and the gas mixture contains only carbon dioxide residue. It is known that it contains nitrogen and helium. . The radiation occurs at a wavelength of 10 microns, and efficiencies in the 10% to 15% range are the highest. Nono- is. Maximum power is achieved on a continuous basis or even more power. Under russ conditions, it reaches several hundred kilowatts.

In the infrared, the laser beam has the property of penetrating through fog and its water molecules. air has the property of being gradually absorbed, thereby warming them, but the air It is not heated while remaining practically transparent to micron wavelengths. Like Any possible danger of expanding the beam or fining it can be removed by appropriate measures such as filtering. can. Furthermore, its intensity does not reach such high values as to indicate a possible danger.

The laser beam evaporates water droplets in its path, but this evaporation is instantaneous; Immediately restore vision. Assuming that the emitted beam is essentially balanced, , it is advantageous to scan beyond the measured solid angle. On top of that, - (or The laser beam can be placed on-board a land, air or sea vehicle. d) Easily equipped. Chemical excitation avoids any need for large amounts of electricity. , which allows vehicles to be equipped with lasers.

A set of laser sources (a set of 1 laser and 5 sources) is place the aircraft in a landing approach position to bring the runway into view from suitable for covering all or part of the volume surrounding the airport. It can be placed at a reasonable distance. Do not leave only the surface of the runway clear; It is necessary to clarify the volume located above. This is true in case of fog Solve the problem of landing the plane.

For land vehicles, laser sources can be equipped like hendrides, Get the perspective you need.

Infrared coherent beams are absorbed by water molecules and act like large hot blades Assuming that, the present invention also provides a preferred It can be conveniently applied to ice-breaking ships. Under these circumstances, - or more beams (beam) is aimed directly at the front of the icebreaker, thereby only breaking the surface of the ice. by not melting only the surface or by preparing it for continuous destruction. The ice moves forward and makes the necessary cuts to cut through the ice layer and open waterways. Can be done. may be insufficient above the thickness or extent of the ice layer, but is present In contrast to the mere thrusting action of an ice-breaking ship, the present invention provides that the ice cut-out planks are It relies on the idea of being able to slide on a surface and paving the way for liquid. be.

Therefore, in some circumstances it is sufficient to cut the ice and the result As such, such sliding occurs. For the result, the beam be inclined to cut ice with small grooves (chaa+fer) Can be done.

Another application relates to the use of a vehicle equipped with a laser generator as a snow blower; Generators are used to melt snow.

abstract A way to disperse fog, cut ice and melt snow is through infrared laser radiation. It consists in metamorphosing the phase of water.

international search report

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. Infrared laser radiation disperses fog, which is characterized by metamorphosing the water phase, and ice How to cut and melt snow. 2. characterized in that the laser radiation is emitted by at least one carbon dioxide source A method according to claim 1. 3. Claim 1 or 2 characterized in that the laser source is carried by a vehicle. How to follow.