EP0529040A1 - Process for dispersing fog, cutting ice and melting snow - Google Patents

Process for dispersing fog, cutting ice and melting snow

Info

Publication number
EP0529040A1
EP0529040A1 EP19920906582 EP92906582A EP0529040A1 EP 0529040 A1 EP0529040 A1 EP 0529040A1 EP 19920906582 EP19920906582 EP 19920906582 EP 92906582 A EP92906582 A EP 92906582A EP 0529040 A1 EP0529040 A1 EP 0529040A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ice
fog
laser
melting snow
cutting ice
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19920906582
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Eugène Jim POLITZER
Guy Politzer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0529040A1 publication Critical patent/EP0529040A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/08—Ice-breakers or other vessels or floating structures for operation in ice-infested waters; Ice-breakers, or other vessels or floating structures having equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B63B35/12—Ice-breakers or other vessels or floating structures for operation in ice-infested waters; Ice-breakers, or other vessels or floating structures having equipment specially adapted therefor having ice-cutters
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
    • E01H13/00—Dispersing or preventing fog in general, e.g. on roads, on airfields
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
    • E01H5/00—Removing snow or ice from roads or like surfaces; Grading or roughening snow or ice
    • E01H5/10—Removing snow or ice from roads or like surfaces; Grading or roughening snow or ice by application of heat for melting snow or ice, whether cleared or not, combined or not with clearing or removing mud or water, e.g. burners for melting in situ, heated clearing instruments; Cleaning snow by blowing or suction only

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for dissipating or dissolving fog, cutting ice and melting snow.
  • the fog consists of an emulsion of water droplets in the air. It constitutes a stratus cloud resting on the ground.
  • the droplets whose average diameter is between one and a few tens of microns are suspended in air and have a mass of the order of 0.08 mg.
  • raindrops have an average diameter of between 400 and 1000 microns so that they fall to the ground by gravity.
  • fog The main reasons for the formation of fog consist of the presence of condensation nuclei such as dust raised from the ground, particles of sea salt, combustion residues, etc.
  • a physicochemical solution consists in seeding the fog either with ice crystals which cause the freezing of the droplets which transformed into ice fall to the ground, or with microcrystals of silver iodide which facilitate the coalescence of the droplets and their fall on the ground as drops of water by acting on the surface tensions.
  • Maintaining the droplets in suspension results from a balance between their mass and their surface tension in the air.
  • EP-A-0 233 160 proposes a device for dissolving the mist into which the mist is sucked, and mixed with hot air. But such a device can only treat very localized places and is subject to criticism of the burners.
  • DE-A-2 311 169 relates to a device for dissolving the fog using high-power infrared laser beams concentrated on the runways of aerodromes.
  • this device can constitute an aid for takeoff of airplanes, it does not allow a landing in good safety conditions. The problem of aircraft landing is therefore not resolved.
  • DE-A-3 433 961 describes a method of irradiating ice aimed solely at its preparation in order to facilitate its subsequent breakage.
  • US-A-4,379,217 proposes to melt a certain surface of the ice from a helicopter by means of laser radiation.
  • a fusion when the layer is thick requires considerable thermal energy which can hardly be obtained from a flying object.
  • the method of dissolving the fog, cutting the ice, and / or melting the snow is characterized in that it consists in modifying the phase of the water by means of infrared laser radiation. .
  • the infrared laser beam is gradually absorbed by the droplets which it evaporates instantly.
  • it cuts plates which, under the thrust of the ice-breaking vessel, which carries the laser transmitter, are moved aside and clear the way for navigation.
  • the present invention relates to the cutting of the layer of ice, by means of laser beams acting as a thermal blade, without melting its surface.
  • the simultaneous thrust of the icebreaker ship which carries the laser transmitter prevents the refreezing of the ice at the level of the fracture.
  • the present invention is based on the idea that the energy to be used is minimal due to the selectivity of the action of the radiation of a C02 laser on water.
  • the laser source is a carbon dioxide laser source.
  • the laser beam In infrared, the laser beam has the property of penetrating into the fog and being gradually absorbed by the water molecules, which causes them to heat up, while the air is practically transparent at a wavelength of 10 microns so that it does not undergo any heating. Any possible danger can be eliminated by appropriate measures such as beam expansion or filtration. Furthermore, the intensity does not reach a high value which could present a possible danger.
  • the laser beam evaporates the water droplets in its path and this evaporation is instantaneous which immediately restores visibility. Since the emitted beam is substantially parallel, it is advantageous to scan in a determined solid angle.
  • one (or more) laser can easily be taken on board a land, air or sea vehicle. Chemical excitation does not require considerable current intensities and thus the laser can be mounted on vehicles.
  • a set of laser sources can be placed at suitable distances to cover all or part of the volume surrounding an airport, in order to make the runways visible from a distance, to allow the approach of the aircraft. It is therefore a question of clearing not only the surface of the runway but also the volume located above the airport. Thus, the problem of landing aircraft, in the event of fog, is resolved.
  • the laser sources can be mounted as headlights clearing the necessary visual field.
  • the present invention finds an interesting application on icebreaker ships making it possible to clear ports or sea lanes.
  • one or more beams are directed by the icebreaker ship directly in front of it which allows it to progress and open a channel by cutting or, if necessary, by cutting off the layer of ice and not just the melting of the ice surface or by preparing it for a subsequent break.
  • the present invention is based on the idea that the cut ice sheets can slide one on top of the other, clearing a liquid path. It is therefore sufficient in certain cases to cut the ice for such a sliding to occur.
  • the beam can be tilted to cut the glass bevel.
  • Another application consists in the use of a snow plow of a vehicle equipped with laser generators, these generators then being used to melt the snow.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Atmospheric Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Elements, Cooling, Sealing, Or The Like Of Lighting Devices (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé de dissipation du brouillard, de coupe de la glace et de fusion de la neige consistant à modifier la phase de l'eau au moyen d'un rayonnement laser infrarouge.A method of dissipating fog, cutting ice and melting snow consisting in modifying the phase of the water by means of infrared laser radiation.

Description

PROCEDE DE DISSOLUTION DU BROUILLARD, DE COUPE DE LA GLACEPROCESS FOR DISSOLVING FOG, CUTTING ICE
ET DE FUSION DE LA NEIGEAND MELTING SNOW
La présente invention a pour objet un procédé de dissipation ou dissolution du brouillard, de coupe de la glace et de fusion de la neige.The present invention relates to a method for dissipating or dissolving fog, cutting ice and melting snow.
En ce qui concerne le brouillard, il n'est pas besoin d'insister sur les dangers que présente l'établissement de telles nappes qui diminuent considérablement, voire totalement la visibilité, constituant une gêne considérable pour les communications terrestres, aériennes et maritimes. En particulier, la perte provoquée par l'arrêt, une seule journée, d'un aéroport ou le blocage saisonnier d'un port par les glaces est considérable.With regard to fog, there is no need to insist on the dangers presented by the establishment of such layers which considerably reduce, if not totally visibility, constituting a considerable hindrance for land, air and sea communications. In particular, the loss caused by the one-day shutdown of an airport or the seasonal freezing of a port by the ice is considerable.
On sait que le brouillard est constitué par une émulsion de gouttelettes d'eau dans l'air. Il constitue un nuage de type stratus reposant sur le sol. Les gouttelettes dont le diamètre moyen est compris entre une et quelques dizaines de microns sont en suspension dans l'air et ont une masse de l'ordre de 0,08 mg.We know that the fog consists of an emulsion of water droplets in the air. It constitutes a stratus cloud resting on the ground. The droplets whose average diameter is between one and a few tens of microns are suspended in air and have a mass of the order of 0.08 mg.
Par contre, les gouttes de pluie ont un diamètre moyen compris entre 400 et 1 000 microns de sorte qu'elles tombent au sol par gravité.On the other hand, raindrops have an average diameter of between 400 and 1000 microns so that they fall to the ground by gravity.
Les principales raisons de formation du brouillard consistent en la présence de noyaux de condensation tels que des poussières soulevées du sol, des particules de sel de mer, des résidus de combustion etc..The main reasons for the formation of fog consist of the presence of condensation nuclei such as dust raised from the ground, particles of sea salt, combustion residues, etc.
On sait que le brouillard dit d'advection résulte du passage de l'air humide sur une surface froide, par exemple le sol en hiver. L'air humide se condense et, par une transformation adiabatique les gouttelettes de brouillard apparaissent et forment un ensemble stable. La coalescence des gouttelettes ne se produit que très lentement en l'absence de tout facteur extérieur.We know that the so-called advection fog results from the passage of moist air over a cold surface, for example the ground in winter. The humid air condenses and, by an adiabatic transformation, the mist droplets appear and form a stable whole. Coalescence of droplets occurs only very slowly in the absence of any external factor.
On a déjà pensé à faire agir de tels facteurs extérieurs. Une solution physicochimique consiste à ensemencer le brouillard soit par des cristaux de glace qui provoquent le gel des gouttelettes qui transformées en glace tombent au sol, soit par des microcristaux d'iodure d'argent qui facilitent la coalescence des gouttelettes et leur chute sur le sol en tant que gouttes d'eau en agissant sur les tensions superficielles.We have already thought of acting on such external factors. A physicochemical solution consists in seeding the fog either with ice crystals which cause the freezing of the droplets which transformed into ice fall to the ground, or with microcrystals of silver iodide which facilitate the coalescence of the droplets and their fall on the ground as drops of water by acting on the surface tensions.
En effet, le maintien en suspension des gouttelettes résulte d'un équilibre entre leur masse et leur tension superficielle dans l'air.Maintaining the droplets in suspension results from a balance between their mass and their surface tension in the air.
A l'inverse, on a déjà proposé non pas de geler les gouttelettes mais au contraire de les évaporer au moyen de gros brûleurs de sorte que les gouttelettes se dissolvent dans un flux d'air humide. Mais cette solution, utilisée sur quelques aéroports est manifestement non économique et, par ailleurs, la combustion génère des germes de formation de brouillard supplémentaires.Conversely, it has already been proposed not to freeze the droplets but on the contrary to evaporate them by means of large burners so that the droplets dissolve in a flow of moist air. However, this solution, used at some airports is clearly uneconomical and, moreover, combustion generates additional mist-forming germs.
EP-A-0 233 160 propose un appareil de dissolution du brouillard dans lequel le brouillard est aspiré, et mélangé avec de l'air chaud. Mais un tel appareil ne permet de traiter que des endroits très localisés et est sujet aux critiques énoncées au sujet des brûleurs.EP-A-0 233 160 proposes a device for dissolving the mist into which the mist is sucked, and mixed with hot air. But such a device can only treat very localized places and is subject to criticism of the burners.
DE-A-2 311 169 se rapporte à un dispositif de dissolution du brouillard faisant appel à des faisceaux lasers infrarouges haute puissance concentrés sur les pistes des aérodromes. Ainsi, seule la surface de la piste est dénébulée mais celle-ci reste invisible à distance à cause de la nappe de brouillard qui recouvre l'aéroport. Si donc ce dispositif peut constituer une aide au décollage des avions, il ne permet pas un atterrissage dans des bonnes conditions de sécurité. Le problème de l'atterrissage des avions n'est donc pas résolu.DE-A-2 311 169 relates to a device for dissolving the fog using high-power infrared laser beams concentrated on the runways of aerodromes. Thus, only the surface of the runway is covered with mist, but it remains invisible from a distance because of the water table. fog covering the airport. If therefore this device can constitute an aid for takeoff of airplanes, it does not allow a landing in good safety conditions. The problem of aircraft landing is therefore not resolved.
DE-A-3 433 961 décrit un procédé d'irradiation de la glace visant uniquement sa préparation en vue de faciliter sa rupture ultérieure.DE-A-3 433 961 describes a method of irradiating ice aimed solely at its preparation in order to facilitate its subsequent breakage.
US-A-4 379 217 propose de faire fondre une certaine surface de la glace à partir d'un hélicoptère au moyen d'un rayonnement laser. Mais une telle fusion lorsque la couche est épaisse exige une énergie thermique considérable qui peut difficilement être obtenue à partir d'un engin volant.US-A-4,379,217 proposes to melt a certain surface of the ice from a helicopter by means of laser radiation. However, such a fusion when the layer is thick requires considerable thermal energy which can hardly be obtained from a flying object.
Sommairement, aucun procédé ne permet actuellement de dissoudre dans des conditions viables le brouillard dans l'espace ni de couper .la glace pour dégager une route maritime. La présente invention a pour objet de pallier ces inconvénients.Briefly, no process currently makes it possible to dissolve the fog in space under viable conditions or to cut the ice to clear a sea route. The object of the present invention is to overcome these drawbacks.
Selon la présente invention, le procédé de dissolution du brouillard, de découpe de la glace, et/ ou de fusion de la neige est caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à modifier la phase de l'eau au moyen d'un rayonnement laser infrarouge.According to the present invention, the method of dissolving the fog, cutting the ice, and / or melting the snow is characterized in that it consists in modifying the phase of the water by means of infrared laser radiation. .
Dans le cas du brouillard, le faisceau laser infrarouge est peu à peu absorbé par les gouttelettes qu'il évapore instantanément. Dans le cas de la glace, il découpe des plaques qui, sous la poussée du navire brise-glace, qui porte l'émetteur laser, sont écartées et dégagent la voie pour la navigation. La présente invention vise le découpage de la couche de glace, au moyen de faisceaux laser agissant comme une lame thermique, sans faire fondre sa surface. De plus, la poussée simultanée du navire brise-glace qui porte l'émetteur laser, empêche le regel de la glace au niveau de la fracture.In the case of fog, the infrared laser beam is gradually absorbed by the droplets which it evaporates instantly. In the case of ice, it cuts plates which, under the thrust of the ice-breaking vessel, which carries the laser transmitter, are moved aside and clear the way for navigation. The present invention relates to the cutting of the layer of ice, by means of laser beams acting as a thermal blade, without melting its surface. In addition, the simultaneous thrust of the icebreaker ship which carries the laser transmitter, prevents the refreezing of the ice at the level of the fracture.
La présente invention repose sur l'idée que l'énergie à mettre en oeuvre est minimale en raison de la sélectivité de l'action du rayonnement d'un laser C02 sur l'eau.The present invention is based on the idea that the energy to be used is minimal due to the selectivity of the action of the radiation of a C02 laser on water.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la source laser est une source laser à gaz carbonique.According to another characteristic of the invention, the laser source is a carbon dioxide laser source.
On sait que ces lasers font appel à des transitions de vibration-rotation de la molécule de dioxyde de carbone CO2 dans l'état électronique fondamental, le mélange gazeux étant constitué outre le gaz carbonique par de 1 'azote et de l'hélium. L'émission se fait à une longueur d'onde de 10 microns et le rendement, de l'ordre de 10 à 15 % est l'un des plus élevés. La puissance maximale peut atteindre plusieurs centaines de kilowatts en continu et davantage en régime impulsionnel.We know that these lasers use vibration-rotation transitions of the carbon dioxide molecule CO2 in the fundamental electronic state, the gaseous mixture being made up in addition to carbon dioxide by nitrogen and helium. The emission takes place at a wavelength of 10 microns and the efficiency, of the order of 10 to 15% is one of the highest. The maximum power can reach several hundred kilowatts continuously and more in impulse mode.
En infrarouge, le faisceau laser a la propriété de pénétrer dans le brouillard et d'être peu à peu absorbé par les molécules d'eau, ce qui provoque leur echauffement, alors que l'air est pratiquement transparent à une longueur d'onde de 10 microns de sorte qu'il ne subit aucun echauffement. Tout danger éventuel peut être éliminé par des mesures appropriées tel que l'expansion du faisceau ou la filtration de celui-ci. Par ailleurs, l'intensité n'atteint pas une valeur élevée pouvant présenter un danger éventuel. Le faisceau laser évapore les gouttelettes d'eau sur son passage et cette évaporation est instantanée ce qui restitue immédiatement la visibilité. Etant donné que le faisceau émis est sensiblement parallèle, il est avantageux de procéder à un balayage dans un angle solide déterminé. En outre, un (ou plusieurs) laser peut aisément être embarqué à bord d'un véhicule terrestre, aérien ou maritime. L'excitation chimique ne nécessite pas des intensités de courant considérables et ainsi, le laser peut être monté sur des véhicules. Un ensemble de sources laser peut être placé à des distances convenables pour couvrir tout ou partie du volume entourant un aéroport, dans le but de rendre visible les pistes à distance, pour -permettre l'approche de l'avion. Il s'agit donc de dégager non pas seulement la surface de la piste mais aussi le volume situé au-dessus de l'aéroport. Ainsi, le problème d'atterrissage des avions, en cas de brouillard, est résolu. Sur les véhicules terrestres, les sources laser peuvent être montées comme des phares dégageant le champ visuel nécessaire.In infrared, the laser beam has the property of penetrating into the fog and being gradually absorbed by the water molecules, which causes them to heat up, while the air is practically transparent at a wavelength of 10 microns so that it does not undergo any heating. Any possible danger can be eliminated by appropriate measures such as beam expansion or filtration. Furthermore, the intensity does not reach a high value which could present a possible danger. The laser beam evaporates the water droplets in its path and this evaporation is instantaneous which immediately restores visibility. Since the emitted beam is substantially parallel, it is advantageous to scan in a determined solid angle. In addition, one (or more) laser can easily be taken on board a land, air or sea vehicle. Chemical excitation does not require considerable current intensities and thus the laser can be mounted on vehicles. A set of laser sources can be placed at suitable distances to cover all or part of the volume surrounding an airport, in order to make the runways visible from a distance, to allow the approach of the aircraft. It is therefore a question of clearing not only the surface of the runway but also the volume located above the airport. Thus, the problem of landing aircraft, in the event of fog, is resolved. On land vehicles, the laser sources can be mounted as headlights clearing the necessary visual field.
Compte tenu de ce que le faisceau cohérent infrarouge est absorbé par les molécules d'eau et agit comme une grande lame chauffante, la présente invention trouve également une application intéressante sur les navires brise-glace permettant de dégager des ports ou des voies maritimes. Dans ce cas, un ou plusieurs faisceaux sont dirigés par le navire brise-glace directement devant celui-ci ce qui lui permet de progresser et d'ouvrir un chenal par la coupe ou, au besoin, par le tronçonnage de la couche de glace et non pas la seule fusion de la surface de la glace ou par la préparation de celle-ci à une rupture ultérieure. Contrairement au seul effet de poussée des navires brise-glace existants qui ne fonctionnent que par un effet de poussée ce qui peut être insuffisant à partir d'une certaine épaisseur ou étendue de la couche de glace, la présente invention repose sur l'idée que les plaques de glace découpées peuvent glisser les unes sur les autres en dégageant une voie liquide. Il suffit donc dans certains cas de couper la glace pour qu'un tel glissement se produise. A cet effet, le faisceau peut être incliné pour tailler la glace en biseau.Given that the coherent infrared beam is absorbed by the water molecules and acts like a large heating blade, the present invention also finds an interesting application on icebreaker ships making it possible to clear ports or sea lanes. In this case, one or more beams are directed by the icebreaker ship directly in front of it which allows it to progress and open a channel by cutting or, if necessary, by cutting off the layer of ice and not just the melting of the ice surface or by preparing it for a subsequent break. Unlike the only thrust effect of existing icebreaker vessels which only operate by a thrust effect which may be insufficient from a certain thickness or extent of the layer of ice, the present invention is based on the idea that the cut ice sheets can slide one on top of the other, clearing a liquid path. It is therefore sufficient in certain cases to cut the ice for such a sliding to occur. For this purpose, the beam can be tilted to cut the glass bevel.
Une autre application consiste dans l'emploi en chasse-neige d'un véhicule équipé de générateurs lasers, ces générateurs étant alors utilisés pour faire fondre la neige. Another application consists in the use of a snow plow of a vehicle equipped with laser generators, these generators then being used to melt the snow.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé de dissolution du brouillard, de coupe de la glace et de fusion de la neige, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à modifier la phase de l'eau au moyen de rayonnement laser infrarouge.1. A method of dissolving fog, cutting ice and melting snow, characterized in that it consists in modifying the phase of the water by means of infrared laser radiation.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le rayonnement laser est émis par au moins une source à gaz carbonique.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the laser radiation is emitted by at least one source of carbon dioxide.
3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la- source laser est portée par un véhicule. 3. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the laser source is carried by a vehicle.
EP19920906582 1991-02-18 1992-02-17 Process for dispersing fog, cutting ice and melting snow Withdrawn EP0529040A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9101880 1991-02-18
FR9101880A FR2672910A1 (en) 1991-02-18 1991-02-18 PROCESS FOR DISSOLVING FOG, CUTTING ICE AND SNOW MELTING.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0529040A1 true EP0529040A1 (en) 1993-03-03

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EP19920906582 Withdrawn EP0529040A1 (en) 1991-02-18 1992-02-17 Process for dispersing fog, cutting ice and melting snow

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0529040A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH05506289A (en)
FR (1) FR2672910A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1992014882A1 (en)

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RU2495785C1 (en) * 2012-05-30 2013-10-20 ООО "Транс-колор" Method of ice breaking

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1992014882A1 (en) 1992-09-03
JPH05506289A (en) 1993-09-16
FR2672910A1 (en) 1992-08-21

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