JPH0546800B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0546800B2 JPH0546800B2 JP11401784A JP11401784A JPH0546800B2 JP H0546800 B2 JPH0546800 B2 JP H0546800B2 JP 11401784 A JP11401784 A JP 11401784A JP 11401784 A JP11401784 A JP 11401784A JP H0546800 B2 JPH0546800 B2 JP H0546800B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- operational amplifier
- voltage signal
- setter
- excitation
- active power
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/14—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、発電機の励磁を制御して有効電力、
無効電力、力率の制御を行う励磁制御装置に関す
るものである。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention controls the excitation of a generator to generate active power,
The present invention relates to an excitation control device that controls reactive power and power factor.
一般に、系統に接続されて運転される発電機は
出力電力、力率、無効電力が系統運用面の条件を
重視して決定されて運転される。
Generally, a generator connected to a grid and operated is operated with output power, power factor, and reactive power determined with emphasis on grid operation conditions.
しかしながら、負荷変動に伴つて出力電力、力
率、無効電力などが変動し、発電機の限界能力を
越えてしまう事態が生じる。このため、従来から
発電機を運転するに際しては限界能力内で運転す
べく保護制御装置が用いられている。 However, as the load fluctuates, the output power, power factor, reactive power, etc. fluctuate, and a situation may occur where the limit capacity of the generator is exceeded. For this reason, when operating a generator, a protection control device has conventionally been used to operate the generator within its limit capacity.
この保護制御装置は、運転中の力率が一定値を
越えた時、それまでの力率制御に代えて過励磁ま
たは不足励磁、さらには過電流の限界特性で示さ
れる限界能力内で運転すべく発電機励磁を制御す
るものである。 When the power factor during operation exceeds a certain value, this protection control device replaces the previous power factor control with overexcitation or underexcitation, and also operates within the limit capacity indicated by the overcurrent limit characteristics. This is to control the generator excitation.
第３図は力率制御特性、過励磁限界特性、過電
流限界特性、不足励磁限界特性の関係を示す特性
図であり、Ｏ−Ｂ−Ｅの直線が力率制御特性、Ａ
−Ｂ−Ｃの曲線が過励磁限界特性、Ｃ−Ｄ−Ｆの
曲線が過電流限界特性、Ｇ−Ｆの曲線が不足励磁
限界特性を示し、発電機は通常Ｏ−Ｂ−Ｅの力率
制御特性に沿つて力率制御装置と励磁制御装置と
によつて運転される。 Figure 3 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship among power factor control characteristics, overexcitation limit characteristics, overcurrent limit characteristics, and underexcitation limit characteristics, where the O-B-E line is the power factor control characteristic,
- The curve B-C shows the over-excitation limit characteristic, the curve C-D-F shows the over-current limit characteristic, and the curve G-F shows the under-excitation limit characteristic, and the generator usually has an O-B-E power factor. It is operated by a power factor controller and an excitation controller according to the control characteristics.
従つて、このような運転特性から考えると、発
電機はＯ−Ａ−Ｂ−Ｃ−Ｄ−Ｆ−Ｇ−Ｏの領域内
で運転され、しかもＯ−Ｂ−Ｅの力率制御特性に
可能な限り近接した力率で運転されることが望ま
しい。 Therefore, considering these operating characteristics, the generator is operated within the range of O-A-B-C-D-F-G-O, and the power factor control characteristics of O-B-E are possible. It is desirable to operate with power factors as close as possible.
しかしながら、Ｅ−Ｂ−Ｃ−Ｄで囲まれる領域
内では、力率制御特性と限界特性とが相反するこ
とが発生する。例えば、点ｘで運転されている場
合、力率制御のうえでは無効電力を増加させてＯ
−Ｂ−Ｅの力率制御特性上に制御することが望ま
しいが、限界特性内に収めるための保護制御のう
えでは無効電力を減少させてＢ−Ｃ−Ｄの特性上
に制御することが望ましい。 However, within the region surrounded by E-B-C-D, the power factor control characteristics and the limit characteristics may conflict with each other. For example, when operating at point x, power factor control requires increasing reactive power to
- It is desirable to control on the power factor control characteristics of B-E, but for protection control to keep it within the limit characteristics, it is desirable to reduce reactive power and control on the characteristics of B-C-D. .
従来、このような運転条件が生じた場合、力率
制御装置をロツク状態とし、保護制御装置に励磁
制御を切換えるようにしている。 Conventionally, when such operating conditions occur, the power factor control device is locked and the excitation control is switched to the protection control device.
ところが、このような運転条件において力率制
御装置の力率制御から保護制御装置への励磁制御
へ切換えるようにした場合、切換時の制御目標が
一時的に断続し、励磁制御が不安定になるという
問題がある。 However, when switching from the power factor control of the power factor control device to the excitation control of the protection control device under such operating conditions, the control target at the time of switching is temporarily intermittent, and the excitation control becomes unstable. There is a problem.
本発明は、力率制御と保護制御が相反する運転
領域において励磁制御が不安定になるという問題
点を解決しようとするものである。
The present invention aims to solve the problem that excitation control becomes unstable in an operating region where power factor control and protection control conflict with each other.
本発明は、力率制御特性と保護制御特性とを１
つの制御系から連続的に発生させるように構成し
たものである。
The present invention combines power factor control characteristics and protection control characteristics into one
It is configured so that it is generated continuously from one control system.
第１図は本発明の一実施例を示す全体構成図で
あり、交流発電機AGの出力電圧は変圧器PTを
介して励磁制御装置１に入力され、また出力電流
は変流器CTによつて検出されて励磁制御装置１
に入力される。励磁制御装置１は変圧器PTおよ
び変流器CTからの出力電圧および出力電流の検
出値を受けて現在の有効電力Ｐおよび無効電力Ｑ
を求め、発電機AGが第３図のＡ−Ｂ−Ｃ−Ｄ−
Ｆ−Ｇの領域内で運転されるように無効電力Ｑの
制御目標指令ｑを発生する。
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention, in which the output voltage of the alternator AG is input to the excitation control device 1 via the transformer PT, and the output current is input to the excitation control device 1 via the current transformer CT. Excitation control device 1
is input. The excitation control device 1 receives the detected values of the output voltage and output current from the transformer PT and current transformer CT, and calculates the current active power P and reactive power Q.
, and the generator AG is A-B-C-D- in Fig. 3.
A control target command q for reactive power Q is generated so that the operation is within the region FG.
この制御目標指令ｑによりサーボモータＭを有
するポテンシヨメータVRが可変され、このポテ
ンシヨメータVRの出力電圧と交流／直流変換器
２で検出した発電機AGの出力電圧との偏差が演
算器３で求められる。この後、演算器３で求めら
れた偏差が零になるように自動電圧調整装置
（AVR）４によつて励磁コイルEXの励磁直流が
制御される。 The potentiometer VR having the servo motor M is varied by this control target command q, and the deviation between the output voltage of the potentiometer VR and the output voltage of the generator AG detected by the AC/DC converter 2 is calculated by the calculator 3. is required. Thereafter, the excitation direct current of the excitation coil EX is controlled by the automatic voltage regulator (AVR) 4 so that the deviation determined by the arithmetic unit 3 becomes zero.
第２図は励磁制御装置の要部の一実施例を示す
回路図であり、第１の設定器〜第４の設定器１０
〜１３が設けられると共に、第１の演算増幅器１
４〜第５の演算増幅器１８が設けられている。 FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing an embodiment of the main part of the excitation control device, and includes a first setting device to a fourth setting device 10.
.about.13 are provided, and the first operational amplifier 1
Fourth to fifth operational amplifiers 18 are provided.
第１の設定器１０は力率運転特性の初期値（第
３図のＯ点）を設定するもので、ここで設定され
た値は第１の演算増幅器１４に入力され、分圧器
１９を介して入力される有効電力の値（電圧信
号）と加算される。これにより、この第１の演算
増幅器１４から有効電力Ｐの変化に比例して変化
する電圧信号が発生される。すなわち、第３図の
Ａ−Ｂ−Ｅの力率制御特性に対応した電圧信号が
出力される。 The first setter 10 is used to set the initial value of the power factor operating characteristic (point O in FIG. The input active power value (voltage signal) is added to the input active power value (voltage signal). This causes the first operational amplifier 14 to generate a voltage signal that changes in proportion to changes in the active power P. That is, a voltage signal corresponding to the power factor control characteristic of A-B-E in FIG. 3 is output.
第２の設定器１１は過励磁限界特性の初期値
（第３図のＡ点）を設定するものであり、また第
３の設定器１２は過励磁限界特性の有効電力の変
化に対する勾配（第３図のα）を設定するもので
あり、第２の設定値１１で設定された電圧信号は
第２の演算増幅器１５に入力され、第３の設定器
１２より入力される有効電力Ｐの値と加算され
る。この場合、第２の演算増幅器１５は反転増幅
器となつており、また第２の設定器１１の設定値
（Ａ点設定値）は負の電圧信号で与えられる。こ
のため、第２の演算増幅器１５からはＡ点設定値
を初期値として有効電力Ｐの上昇に伴つて勾配α
で下降する電圧信号が出力される。すなわち、第
３図のＡ−Ｂ−Ｃの過励磁限界特性に対応した電
圧信号が出力される。 The second setter 11 is used to set the initial value of the overexcitation limit characteristic (point A in FIG. 3), and the third setter 12 is used to set the gradient (point 3), the voltage signal set by the second set value 11 is input to the second operational amplifier 15, and the value of the active power P input from the third setter 12 is set. is added. In this case, the second operational amplifier 15 is an inverting amplifier, and the set value of the second setter 11 (point A set value) is given by a negative voltage signal. Therefore, the second operational amplifier 15 uses the A point set value as the initial value and increases the slope α as the active power P increases.
A falling voltage signal is output. That is, a voltage signal corresponding to the overexcitation limit characteristic of ABC in FIG. 3 is output.
第４の設定器１３は、力率制御特性に基づく運
転から励磁限界特性に基づく運転への切替えを行
う有効電力値、すなわち第３図のＣ点（過励磁限
界特性と過電流限界特性とが交叉する点）に対応
する有効電力値PEを設定するものであり、ここ
で設定された有効電力値PEは第３の演算増幅器
１６に入力され、有効電力Ｐの検出値と加算され
る。この場合、有効電力値PEは負の電圧信号で
設定され、また第３の演算増幅器１６の入出力端
には出力側から入力側に向うダイオードD1，D2
が接続されると共に、非直線素子NLが接続され
ている。従つて、第３の演算増幅器１６の出力電
圧は有効電力Ｐが小さい間は設定値ＰＥと同一と
なつているが、Ｐ＞PEとなるとダイオードD1，
D2が不導通となるために非直線素子NLが有効に
作用し始め、有効電力Ｐの上昇に伴つて指数関数
的に出力電圧が上昇するものとなる。 The fourth setter 13 determines the active power value for switching from operation based on power factor control characteristics to operation based on excitation limit characteristics, that is, point C in FIG. 3 (where overexcitation limit characteristics and overcurrent limit characteristics The active power value P E corresponding to the intersection point) is set, and the active power value P E set here is input to the third operational amplifier 16 and added to the detected value of the active power P. . In this case, the active power value P E is set by a negative voltage signal, and diodes D 1 and D 2 are connected to the input and output terminals of the third operational amplifier 16 from the output side to the input side.
are connected, and the non-linear element NL is also connected. Therefore, the output voltage of the third operational amplifier 16 is the same as the set value PE while the active power P is small, but when P> PE , the output voltage of the diode D 1 ,
Since D 2 becomes non-conductive, the nonlinear element NL begins to function effectively, and the output voltage increases exponentially as the active power P increases.
この第３の演算増幅器１６の出力電圧信号は第
４の演算増幅器１７に入力され、第２の演算増幅
器１５の出力電圧信号との差が求められる。この
時、この第４の演算増幅器１７にも出力側から入
力側に向うダイオードD3，D4が接続されている。
有効電力ＰがPE点を超えるまでの小さい間は第
２の演算増幅器１５の出力電圧信号が優先して出
力され、PE点を超えた場合には演算増幅器１５，
１６の出力電圧の差の電圧信号が出力される。す
なわち、有効電力の変化に伴つて第３図のＡ−Ｂ
−Ｃ−Ｄの各点を結ぶ特性の電圧信号が出力され
る。 The output voltage signal of the third operational amplifier 16 is input to the fourth operational amplifier 17, and the difference between it and the output voltage signal of the second operational amplifier 15 is determined. At this time, diodes D 3 and D 4 are also connected to the fourth operational amplifier 17 from the output side to the input side.
While the active power P is small until it exceeds the P E point, the output voltage signal of the second operational amplifier 15 is output with priority, and when it exceeds the P E point, the operational amplifier 15,
A voltage signal having a difference between 16 output voltages is output. That is, as the effective power changes, A-B in FIG.
A voltage signal having a characteristic connecting each point of -C-D is output.
この第４の演算増幅器１７の出力電圧信号はダ
イオードD5を介して第５の演算増幅器１８の入
力にリミツト値として入力される。第５の演算増
幅器１８の他方の入力には第１の演算増幅器１４
の出力電圧信号が入力されている。この時、第１
の演算増幅器１４は反転増幅器で構成され、有効
電力Ｐの上昇に伴つて順次減少する出力電圧信号
を出力している。従つて、第１の演算増幅器１４
の出力電圧信号が第４の演算増幅器１７の出力電
圧信号より大きい間、すなわち第３図のＢ点に対
応する有効電力値に達しない間はダイオードD5
は不導通となり、第５の演算増幅器１８からは第
１の演算増幅器１４の出力信号をそのまま反転増
幅した電圧信号が出力される。 The output voltage signal of the fourth operational amplifier 17 is input as a limit value to the input of the fifth operational amplifier 18 via the diode D5. The other input of the fifth operational amplifier 18 is connected to the first operational amplifier 14.
The output voltage signal is input. At this time, the first
The operational amplifier 14 is composed of an inverting amplifier, and outputs an output voltage signal that sequentially decreases as the active power P increases. Therefore, the first operational amplifier 14
While the output voltage signal of the fourth operational amplifier 17 is greater than the output voltage signal of the fourth operational amplifier 17, that is, while the active power value corresponding to point B in FIG. 3 is not reached, the diode D 5
becomes non-conductive, and the fifth operational amplifier 18 outputs a voltage signal obtained by inverting and amplifying the output signal of the first operational amplifier 14 as it is.
しかし、有効電力値が第３図のＢ点に対応する
値を超えると、第４の演算増幅器１７の出力電圧
信号の方が小さくなるため、これ以後は第４の演
算増幅器１７の出力電圧信号が優先的に反転増幅
されて出力される。 However, when the active power value exceeds the value corresponding to point B in FIG. 3, the output voltage signal of the fourth operational amplifier 17 becomes smaller. is preferentially inverted and amplified and output.
この第５の演算増幅器１８の出力電圧信号は無
効電力の制御目標指令ｑとして出力され、サーボ
モータＭのドライバ２０において現在の無効電力
Ｑとの偏差が求められる。そして、この偏差の信
号によりポテンシヨメータVRが可変されてAVR
４の出力電圧が制御される。これにより、交流発
電機AGの励磁電流が制御される。 The output voltage signal of the fifth operational amplifier 18 is output as a reactive power control target command q, and the deviation from the current reactive power Q is determined in the driver 20 of the servo motor M. Then, the potentiometer VR is varied by this deviation signal, and AVR
The output voltage of 4 is controlled. This controls the excitation current of the alternator AG.
このような構成により、交流発電機AGの励磁
電流は第３図のＯ−Ａ−Ｂ−Ｃ−Ｄの各点を結ぶ
特性曲線の範囲内で制御される。 With this configuration, the excitation current of the alternator AG is controlled within the range of the characteristic curve connecting the points O-A-B-C-D in FIG. 3.
なお、第１図では進み励磁側の制御を行う部分
については特に説明しなかつたが、同様の考え方
によつて回路を構成することができる。 Note that although the portion that controls the forward excitation side is not particularly explained in FIG. 1, a circuit can be constructed based on the same concept.
また、第１の設定器１０の設定値を例えば第３
図のO′点にすることにより、O′−Ｂ−Ｃ−Ｄを
結ぶ特性曲線の範囲内で制御することが可能とな
る。 Further, the setting value of the first setting device 10 may be changed to a third setting value, for example.
By setting the point to O' in the figure, it becomes possible to control within the range of the characteristic curve connecting O'-B-C-D.
以上の説明から明らかなように本発明によれ
ば、力率制御および保護制御の制御指令を１つの
制御系から発生させているため、力率制御から保
護制御への切替えを行う必要がなくなり、交流発
電機の励磁電流を安定的に制御することができる
という効果がある。
As is clear from the above description, according to the present invention, control commands for power factor control and protection control are generated from one control system, so there is no need to switch from power factor control to protection control. This has the effect of stably controlling the excitation current of the alternator.
第１図は本発明の一実施例を示す全体構成図、
第２図は励磁制御装置の詳細な構成を示す回路
図、第３図は発電機の運転特性を示す図である。
１……励磁制御装置、２……交流／直流変換
器、４……自動電圧調整装置、１０〜１３……設
定器、１４〜１８……演算増幅器、AG……交流
発電機、EX……励磁コイル。
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing the detailed configuration of the excitation control device, and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the operating characteristics of the generator. 1... Excitation control device, 2... AC/DC converter, 4... Automatic voltage regulator, 10-13... Setting device, 14-18... Operational amplifier, AG... Alternating current generator, EX... Excitation coil.
Claims (1)
１の設定器と、過励磁限界特性の初期値を設定す
る第２の設定器と、励磁限界特性の有効電力の変
化に対する勾配を設定する第３の設定器と、力率
運転特性に基づく運転から励磁限界特性に基づく
運転への切替えを行う有効電力値を設定する第４
の設定器と、第１の設定器で設定された初期値か
ら有効電力の変化に比例して変化する電圧信号を
発生する第１の演算増幅器と、第２の設定器で設
定された初期値から第３の設定器で設定された勾
配で有効電力の変化に比例して変化する電圧信号
を発生する第２の演算増幅器と、有効電力が第４
の設定器で設定された有効電力値に達した時点か
ら有効電力の変化に対応して指数関数的に変化す
る電圧信号を発生する第３の演算増幅器と、第２
の演算増幅器の出力電圧信号と第３の演算増幅器
の出力電圧信号とを演算して発電機の過電流限界
特性を示す電圧信号を発生する第４の演算増幅器
と、この第４の演算増幅器の電圧信号をリミツト
値として第１の演算増幅器の電圧信号を無効電力
の制御目標値として出力する第５の演算増幅器と
を備え、この第５の演算増幅器から出力される無
効電力の制御目標値に発電機の無効電力が一致す
るように発電機の励磁を制御することを特徴とす
る励磁制御装置。1 A first setter that sets the initial value of the power factor operating characteristic of the generator, a second setter that sets the initial value of the overexcitation limit characteristic, and a slope that sets the excitation limit characteristic with respect to changes in active power. a third setter for setting an active power value for switching from operation based on power factor operating characteristics to operation based on excitation limit characteristics;
a setter, a first operational amplifier that generates a voltage signal that changes in proportion to a change in active power from an initial value set by the first setter, and an initial value set by the second setter. a second operational amplifier that generates a voltage signal that changes in proportion to changes in active power with a slope set by a third setter;
a third operational amplifier that generates a voltage signal that changes exponentially in response to changes in active power from the point in time when the active power value set by the setting device is reached;
a fourth operational amplifier that calculates the output voltage signal of the operational amplifier and the output voltage signal of the third operational amplifier to generate a voltage signal indicating the overcurrent limit characteristic of the generator; and a fifth operational amplifier that outputs the voltage signal of the first operational amplifier as a control target value of reactive power with the voltage signal as a limit value, and a control target value of reactive power output from the fifth operational amplifier. An excitation control device that controls excitation of a generator so that the reactive powers of the generators match.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11401784A JPS60257800A (en) | 1984-06-04 | 1984-06-04 | Excitation controller |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11401784A JPS60257800A (en) | 1984-06-04 | 1984-06-04 | Excitation controller |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS60257800A JPS60257800A (en) | 1985-12-19 |
| JPH0546800B2 true JPH0546800B2 (en) | 1993-07-14 |
Family
ID=14626962
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11401784A Granted JPS60257800A (en) | 1984-06-04 | 1984-06-04 | Excitation controller |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS60257800A (en) |
-
1984
- 1984-06-04 JP JP11401784A patent/JPS60257800A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS60257800A (en) | 1985-12-19 |
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