JPH0543328B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a culture medium and a culture method that can shorten the culture period of basidiomycete fruiting bodies such as shiitake mushrooms and enokitake mushrooms and increase yields. [Prior art] Conventionally, the method adopted for culturing basidiomycete fruiting bodies is to use broad-leaved or coniferous sawdust, corn cob, etc. as a culture medium, and to this, rice bran, rice bran, etc. are added as nutrients.
Mix bran, corn bran, etc. with a moisture content of 60 to 70.
After adding water to a concentration of 1.5%, it is placed in a culture bottle, culture bag, toro box, etc., and after sterilization, the bacterial species is inoculated, and the bacterial bodies are harvested after culturing. Cultivation of basidiomycete fruiting bodies requires the grower to achieve the highest possible yield in a given area of equipment. The two major challenges to achieving this goal are: ●Improving the equipment turnover rate by shortening the culture period; ●Increasing the yield of fruiting bodies per unit of culture bottles, culture bags, etc. However, since basidiomycetes are aerobic bacteria, it is necessary for the culture medium to satisfy the following conditions: - It can contain a lot of air space - It can supply oxygen in abundance to the bacterial cells. However, when conventionally used nutritional bases such as rice bran, bran, and corn bran are used, the fine particles in these ingredients fill (reduce) the voids in the culture medium. This caused the development of fruiting bodies to be slow, and as a result, it was necessary to set a long culture period. In addition, in order to increase the yield, it is necessary to add many nutrients to the culture medium, but there is a problem that it is not possible to add many nutrients to leave the necessary amount of empty space.
Only limited combinations of media and nutrient sources could be selected. JP-A-62-3716 describes the dimensions of artificial cultivation of mushrooms using soybean husk as a nutritional source, but the yield is still not necessarily satisfactory. [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The purpose of the present invention is to eliminate the drawbacks of the conventional culture medium as described above, thereby shortening the aforementioned culture period and increasing the yield of fruiting bodies. [Means for Solving the Problem] As a result of intensive research, the present inventors have discovered that this objective can be achieved by using defatted safflower seeds as a medium component for culturing the basidiomycete fruiting body. . The present invention was completed based on such knowledge, and focuses on the following requirements: - Particle size that does not pass through a 24-meter mesh sieve among defatted safflower seeds (including crushed ones); A medium for culturing fruiting bodies of basidiomycetes containing defatted safflower seeds having a particle size that preferably passes through an 8-mesh sieve but does not pass through a 14-mesh sieve, and a method for culturing fruiting bodies using the medium. The present invention can be implemented as follows. First, safflower seeds are extracted with an organic solvent such as hexane, ether, benzene, or chloroform to extract and remove oily components such as neutral oil (defatting). Next, the defatted safflower seeds are appropriately ground using a grinder, and then the particle size is adjusted using a sieve. At this time, a 24-mesh sieve is usually used, and the grainy seed components that have overflowed (not passed through) are collected. Alternatively, you may use a sieve with a mesh size smaller than 24 mesh, but it is preferable to use an 8 mesh sieve and a 14 mesh sieve, so that the particle size is within the range of particles that pass through an 8 mesh sieve but do not pass through a 14 mesh sieve. Collect the relevant seed components. A medium is prepared by adding this seed component to known components. In this case, the seed component of the present invention is utilized by the basidiomycete as both a culture medium and a nutrient source. The amount of seed components added to form a medium is not particularly limited, but a medium with the following formulation is suitable (both by volume): 40 parts of culture medium components, 10 to 20 parts of conventional nutrient base components, and Mix each component at a ratio of 1 to 10 parts of the safflower seed component of the invention, and add 60 to 70% moisture to this.
Add depending on the content. Examples of basidiomycetes that can be cultivated using this medium component include, but are not limited to, Kimura rot fungi such as shiitake, enokitake, stone manne, oyster mushroom, bunashimeji, and willow matsutake, which are currently used for commercial cultivation. It's not something you can do. Since the present invention is constructed as described above, it has the following advantages: - The safflower seed component is excellent as a nutritional source. - The safflower seed component is set to an appropriate particle size. Improves the emptying rate of the medium by increasing the amount of safflower seed components added without being restricted by the conventional nutritional composition of the medium. This effect is significantly superior to that obtained using defatted rapeseed seeds, which are defatted seeds. Example 1 Safflower seed ingredients of the present invention (particle size: passed through an 8-mesh sieve, but did not pass through a 14-mesh sieve) 5, sawdust 80
and rice bran 25 were mixed, and the moisture content was adjusted to 65%. This was placed in a PP bottle with a capacity of 800 c.c. and sterilized for 4.5 hours under normal pressure. This medium was inoculated with mesophilic fungi of Oyster mushroom, cultured by a conventional method, and fruiting bodies were harvested. As a control, a similar culture test was conducted using only sawdust 80 and rice bran 30. Both results are shown in Table 1.

[Table] Example 2 Safflower seed ingredients of the present invention (particle size: does not pass through a 24-mesh sieve, passes through a 14-mesh sieve) 15, sawdust 80
and 15% of rice bran were mixed and the moisture content was adjusted to 65%. This was placed in a PP bottle with a capacity of 800 c.c. and sterilized for 4.5 hours under normal pressure. This medium was inoculated with mesophilic fungi of Oyster mushroom, cultured in a conventional manner, and fruiting bodies were harvested. As a control, cultivation was carried out in the same manner using only 80% of sawdust and 30% of rice bran. Both results are shown in Table 2.

[Table] Example 3 Safflower seed ingredients of the present invention (particle size: passed through an 8-mesh sieve, but did not pass through a 14-mesh sieve) 5, sawdust 80
and rice bran 25% were mixed and the moisture content was adjusted to 65%. This was placed in a PP bottle with a capacity of 800 c.c. and sterilized for 4.5 hours under normal pressure. This medium was inoculated with thermophilic fungi of Oyster mushroom, cultured in a conventional manner, and fruiting bodies were harvested. As a control, cultivation was carried out in the same manner using only 80% of sawdust and 30% of rice bran. Both results are shown in Table 3.

[Table] Comparative Example 1 5 parts of rapeseed seed defatted ingredients, 80 parts of sawdust and 25 parts of rice bran were mixed and the moisture content was adjusted to 6%. This was placed in a PP bottle with a capacity of 800 c.c. and sterilized for 4.5 hours under normal pressure. This medium was inoculated with mesophilic fungi of Oyster mushroom, cultured in a conventional manner, and fruiting bodies were harvested. Both results are shown in Table 4.

[Table] Comparative Example 2 Soybean kernel hull (particle size: 8 mesh sieve not passed) 5
, 80% of sawdust and 25% of rice bran were mixed, and the moisture content was adjusted to 65%. This capacity
It was placed in an 800c.c. PP bottle and sterilized for 4.5 hours under normal pressure. Inoculate this medium with mesophilic bacteria of Oyster mushroom,
Cultivation was carried out using conventional methods, and fruiting bodies were harvested. Both results are shown in Table 5.

[Table] [Effects of the invention] 1. The present invention has achieved the following various effects: 2. Shortening the culture period by at least 10%, and in significant cases
It can be shortened by over 20%. 3. By improving the equipment operating rate, the number of harvests per year can be significantly increased. 4. As a side effect of shortening the culture period, a reduction in defects caused by the invasion of various bacteria can be expected. 5. As a result, it becomes possible for growers to achieve much higher yields than before using equipment with a fixed area.
A dramatic improvement in productivity can be achieved.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A medium for culturing a basidiomycete fruiting body containing defatted safflower seeds having a particle size that does not pass through a sieve of 124 Tyler mesh. 2. A method for culturing a basidiomycete fruiting body using the medium according to claim 1.