JPH0532194Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a cutting type crusher for cutting metal scraps etc. generated in various factories, and particularly relates to a cutting type crusher equipped with a rotating cutter.

[Prior Art] Conventionally, as a technology in this type of field, the one shown in FIG. 10 is known. The outline will be explained below based on the figure.

In the drawings, reference numeral 1 represents a frame, and two rotating shafts 3 and 4 are supported by the frame 1 through bearings 2, . . . so as to be parallel to each other. Further, in a portion of each of the rotating shafts 3 and 4 extending within the frame 1, there is a disk 5 in which a plurality of blades 5a (FIG. 11) are arranged in parallel in the circumferential direction, and a collar having a diameter smaller than that of the disk 5. 6 are alternately externally fitted and supported, and each constitutes the rotary cutters A and B as a whole.

Here, in the rotary cutters A and B, the thickness of the disk 5 and the thickness of the collar 6 are made equal, and the adjacent disks 5 of one rotary cutter,
The disk 5 of the other rotary cutter is positioned between the disks 5 and 5 in a fitted state. Further, in the rotary cutters A and B, the sum of the inner diameter of the disk 5 and the inner diameter of the collar 6 is twice the distance between the shafts of the rotary shafts 3 and 4. the result,
As also shown in FIG. 12, the cutting edge of the blade 5a of the disk 5 in one rotary cutter comes into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the collar 6 in the other rotary cutter.

Furthermore, spur gears 7 and 8 that mesh with each other are attached to one ends of the rotating shafts 3 and 4 that protrude outward from the frame 1, respectively. This allows the rotary shafts 3 and 4 (rotary cutters A and B) to rotate in opposite directions.

On the other hand, a motor 10 is connected to the other end of the rotating shaft 3 that projects outward from the frame 1.
The rotary cutter A is rotationally driven by the motor 10, and the rotary cutter B is further rotationally driven in the opposite direction to the rotary cutter A through the spur gears 7 and 8.

Incidentally, in the frame 1, comb-shaped fixed blades 12, 12 are provided outside the disk 5 and the collar 6, and are in contact with both the cutting edge of the blade 5a of the disk 5 and the collar 6.
Further, in this cutting type crusher, although not shown, a hopper is attached to the frame 1.

Next, the disk 5 of the conventional cutting type crusher constructed as described above will be explained in more detail.

FIG. 11 shows a schematic configuration of the disk 5. As shown in FIG. The outline will be explained based on FIG. 11. On the outer periphery of the disk 5, a plurality of blades 5a having the same shape are arranged in parallel along the circumferential direction. Each blade 5a is formed so that its cutting edge surface 14a coincides with the radiation surface of the disk 5. In this case, the extending direction of the cutting edge of the blade 5a of the disk 5 coincides with the extending direction of the generatrix of the disk 5. As a result, when the cutting edge of the blade 5a of the disk 5 in one rotary cutter comes into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the collar 6 in the other rotary cutter, the blade 5a
The entire edge of the blade is brought into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the opposing collar 6 at the same time. Also, this disk 5
Now, the cutting edge surface 14 is continuous with the cutting edge surface 14a.
The rear surface (conveying surface) 14b, which together with the blade 5a constitutes one blade 5a, is designed to converge on the base end of the cutting surface 14a of the succeeding blade 5a. Incidentally, the disk 5 is normally rotated in the direction shown by the arrow in FIG. 11 during the cutting process.

Next, the operation of this cutting type crusher will be explained.

When the motor 10 is driven, the rotational force of the drive shaft is transmitted to the rotary shaft 3 to rotate the rotary cutter A, and is further transmitted to the rotary shaft 4 through the spur gears 7 and 8 to rotate the rotary cutter B. . In this case, the rotating directions of the rotating cutters A and B are opposite to each other, and the cutting edge surface 14a of the disc 5 is used to transfer the input material to the rotating cutters A and B.
This is the direction in which it is drawn in between. (Figure 11 and 1
(See arrow in Figure 2). Rotating cutter A,
Let it be the positive direction of B.

Here, when the input material is put into the hopper, the input material is loaded on the rear surface 14b of the blade 5a, and the rear surface 14b is placed on the cutting edge surface 14 where the rear surface 14b converges.
The blade 5a is drawn between the rotary cutters A and B by the rotary cutters A and B, and is cut into a predetermined size mainly by the shearing action between the blades 5a of the rotary cutters A and B. The processed material (cutting powder) thus cut is discharged downward through the gap formed by the rotation of the disc 5 and collar 6 facing each other.

Note that the cutting of the input material is also achieved by the interaction between the blade 5a and the collar 6 facing it.

That is, as shown in FIG. 11, for example, when the cutting edge of the blade 5a of the disk 5 in the rotary cutter A comes into contact with the collar 6 in the rotary cutter B,
When a part of the input material is present at the cutting edge of the blade 5a, the input material is pushed off by the blade 5a of the rotary cutter A and the collar 6 of the rotary cutter B in this cutting type crusher.

[Problems to be solved by the invention] However, the cutting type crusher having such a structure causes the following problems.

That is, when cutting metal scraps in the form of nodules with this cutting type crusher, a part of the metal scraps constituting the nodules is scratched by the cutting edge surface 14a of the blade 5a, and this scratching occurs. As the rotary cutters rotate, the metal scraps are drawn to the cutting positions of the rotary cutters A and B. At this time, even the nodules are drawn between the rotary cutters A and B in succession to the metal scraps that are attracted. Such a pulling operation of the input material is performed by each rotating blade 5.
This is done sequentially by a. Then, the pulled-in nodules are sequentially cut by the rotary cutters A and B.

However, if the input material is hard metal scraps, the metal scraps may be torn off or broken during the drawing process, and the nodules themselves cannot be efficiently drawn between the rotary cutters A and B.

On the other hand, when the input material is an empty can, there is a problem that the empty can floats on the rotary cutters A and B and cannot be cut. In other words, empty cans have a cylindrical shape and are light, so rotating cutters A and B
This is because empty cans escape from the blade 5a as the blade 5a rotates. Therefore, in the past, when cutting empty cans, the only way to do so was to crush the empty cans a little and throw them into the hopper. However, even in this case, large empty cans could not be efficiently drawn into the rotary cutters A and B.

The present invention was devised in view of such problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a cutting type crusher that can efficiently process input materials.

The above and other objects and novel features of this invention will become clear from the description of this specification and the accompanying drawings.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention includes a plurality of disks each having a plurality of blades formed in the circumferential direction, which are attached to each of a pair of rotating shafts at intervals. In a cutting crusher in which the rotary cutters are arranged so that the disks of one rotary shaft can be inserted between the disks of the other rotary shaft, at least one of the rotary cutters is attached to the rotary shaft with the disk eccentric. It is characterized by the fact that

[Function] According to the above-described configuration, the disk eccentrically attached to the rotary shaft rotates eccentrically as the rotary shaft rotates. Therefore, as the rotary shaft rotates, the radius vector of the disk (the dimension from the center of the rotary shaft to the cutting edge of the disk) that passes through the input material pull-in region changes successively. As a result, the input material located in the pull-in area is easily drawn into the processing position of the rotary cutter, so that the input material can be processed efficiently.

[Example] Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

1 and 2 are side views of a rotary cutter in a first embodiment of the cutting type crusher according to the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a side view of a disk applied to the rotary cutter of FIG. Furthermore, Fig. 4 shows a front view of the disk applied to the rotating cutter shown in Fig. 1.
Furthermore, FIG. 5 shows a plan view of the cutting type crusher of the first embodiment.

The cutting type crusher of this embodiment is different from the conventional one (10th type).
The first difference from that in FIGS. 1 to 12 is that, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the rotary cutters A and B, in which the discs 21 are attached to the rotary shafts 3 and 4 in an eccentric state, are used. This is the point that During rotation, the rotary cutters A and B are arranged so that the disks 21 of the rotary cutters A and B are always partially overlapped when viewed from the side.

That is, in the cutting type crusher of this embodiment, the diameter (vector radius) dimension from the center of the rotary shafts 3, 4 to the cutting edge of the disk 21 attached thereto is different at each part. As a result, the disk 21 performs eccentric rotation about the rotary shafts 3 and 4 as the rotary shafts 3 and 4 rotate.

In addition, in this cutting type crusher, the distance between the centers of the rotating shafts 3 and 4 is
The radius of is R, the eccentric distance is e, and the radius of collar 6 is
If R′, there is no particular restriction, but (R+e
+R′). Therefore, when the portion of the disc 21 of the rotary cutters A and B where the radius vector is the largest is located on the line connecting the centers of the rotating shafts 3 and 4, the blade is formed at the portion where the radius vector is the largest. When the blade is in contact with the collar 6, the cutting edge of the blade comes into contact with the opposing collar 6. Furthermore, in this cutting type crusher,
The distance between the centers of the rotating shafts 3 and 4 is 2(R-
e). Therefore, the rotating shafts 3 and 4 rotate at a constant speed, although this is not particularly limited, and the portions where the radius vectors of the discs 21 of the rotating cutters A and B are the smallest are simultaneously on the line connecting the centers of the rotating shafts 3 and 4. 1, the disks 21 of the rotary cutters A and B will partially overlap with each other, as shown in FIG.

The second point in which the cutting type crusher of the above embodiment differs from that of the conventional one is that, as shown in FIGS.
Blades 22 with a small cutting surface 23a and blades 23 with a large cutting surface 23a are arranged alternately, and the edges of the blades 22 and 23 are formed to be inclined with respect to the generatrix of the disk 21, as shown in FIG. The point is that

That is, in the disk 21 of the embodiment, the blade 2
The central angles of 2 and 23 are changed, and θ ₁ ,
θ ₂ , the size of the rear surface 22b of the blade 22 is larger than the size of the rear surface 23b of the blade 23. Also, this disk 2
1, the blades 22, 2 of the disk 21
The cutting edge of No. 3 is inscribed in the virtual cylinder and is formed to be inclined with respect to the generatrix of the virtual cylinder, although this is not particularly limited.

The third point in which the cutting type crusher of this embodiment differs from that of the conventional one is that, as shown in FIG. Drive device) 3
1, a detection device 32 that detects the state of the load applied to the rotary cutters A and B, and a detection device 32 that detects the state of the load applied to the rotary cutters A and B;
The point is that the controller is equipped with a control device 33 that controls the rotation of the controller.

Here, the detection device 32 is adapted to detect the state of the load applied to the rotary cutters A and B, as well as the disk 21, from the level of the drive current of the motor 31, although this is not particularly limited.

Next, the detection device 32 and control device 33 will be explained in more detail.

First, the detection device 32 will be described. In this embodiment, a rotation detection device that can sequentially detect the amount of rotation of a rotating cutter within a predetermined time period is used as the detection device 32, for example. In addition, the control device 3
3 normally rotates the motor 31 in the forward direction (direction for cutting), and if the amount of rotation of the rotary cutter gradually decreases within a predetermined period of time, it is determined that the input material is clogged and the motor 31 is rotated. Rotate the motor 31 in the opposite direction for a predetermined period of time to clear the blockage, and then turn the motor 31 again.
If the amount of rotation of the rotary cutter decreases steeply within a predetermined period of time, it is determined that a hard foreign object has become clogged, and the operation of the motor 31 is immediately stopped.

In addition, in FIG. 5, the reference numeral 37 indicates a gear mechanism.

For other configurations, see Figures 10 to 12.
It has substantially the same structure as the conventional cutting type crusher shown in the figure. Therefore, the same elements are given the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 10 to 12, and their explanation will be omitted.

The cutting process of the input material in the cutting type crusher constructed as described above is carried out as follows.

That is, in the cutting type crusher of this embodiment, as the rotary cutters A and B rotate, the disk 2
1 performs eccentric rotation around rotating shafts 3 and 4. As a result, the input material can be easily transferred to the rotating cutters A and B.
It is pulled in between and severed. In other words, the diameter (vector radius) dimension from the rotary shafts 3, 4 to the cutting edges of the blades 22, 23 in the rotary cutters A, B is different for each blade, and the blade formed in the portion with a large radius vector is Since the outer part has a large circumference, the material present in the retraction area on the rotary cutters A and B is pressed by the blades 22 and 23 formed in the following parts with large radius vectors. It will be drawn between A and B.

In this case, since the amount of input material drawn in by the blade 22 with a small cutting surface is relatively small, the load on the motor 31 is reduced and the material is cut. on the other hand,
The input material, which is difficult to draw between the rotating cutters A and B due to the blade 22 with a small cutting surface, is scratched by the blade 23 with a large cutting surface and is reliably and easily drawn between the rotating cutters A and B. can be drawn in.

In addition, in the cutting type crusher of the embodiment,
During this cutting process, the level of the drive current of the motor 31 is detected by the detection device 32. Then, if the level of this drive current exceeds a predetermined level (for example, rated current level or set current level) (for example, if the input material becomes clogged),
A control signal is issued from the control device 33 to the motor 31, and the motor 31 is once stopped and then rotated in the opposite direction for a predetermined period of time. As a result, the clogged input material is once pushed back upwards. the result,
The blockage will be cleared. Then, after a predetermined period of time has elapsed (for example, after 3 seconds), the motor 31 is rotated in the forward direction by a signal from the control device 33, and the input material is cut again. At that time, if the rotation amount of the motor 31 decreases steeply, it is assumed that hard foreign matter is mixed in the input material, and the motor 3
1 is stopped.

According to the cutting type crusher of the embodiment configured as described above, the following effects can be obtained.

That is, according to this cutting type crusher, since the disk 21 is attached to the rotary shafts 3 and 4 in an eccentric state, the input material can be easily drawn to the cutting position.
Floating of the input material on the rotary cutters A and B is prevented, and the input material can be cut efficiently.

Further, according to the cutting type crusher of this embodiment, two types of blades 22 and 23 of different sizes are used.
Since it uses a disk 21 with a rounded surface on its outer periphery, even large and small or deformed input materials can be reliably and efficiently processed.
Moreover, it can be easily cut without putting too much load on the motor and rotating shaft. In addition,
Of course, this effect can also be obtained by using three or more types of blades of different sizes.

Further, according to this embodiment, the rotation amount within a predetermined time is sequentially detected by the detection device 32, and when the rotation amount slowly decreases, the motor 31 is reversed, so that clogging of the input material can be prevented in advance. This can be prevented or canceled after the fact, and the input material can be efficiently cut without applying any load to the motor 31. On the other hand, if the rotation speed decreases steeply, the motor 31 is stopped because it is assumed that hard foreign matter is mixed in the input material, so that the motor 31 is not repeatedly reversed due to the hard foreign matter. By removing it, it becomes possible to immediately process the input material. As a result, processing efficiency is further improved. This also prevents damage to the blades in the disk 21. This effect can be achieved by configuring the control device 33 to include a clutch or the like, and when the rotation of the rotary cutter is obstructed by a hard foreign object, the clutch or the like releases the gears in the gear mechanism 37 from meshing with each other. This can also be achieved by cutting off the transmission of power from the motor 31. Further, this effect can also be obtained by detecting torque using a torque testing device as the detection device 32.

Further, FIG. 6 shows a schematic configuration of a second embodiment of the cutting type crusher according to the present invention.

The cutting type crusher of this embodiment differs from the cutting type crusher of the first embodiment in that cutting processing means 42 are provided in the upper and lower stages of the frame 1, respectively.
43 is provided.

As shown in FIG. 7, the cutting means 42 provided in the upper part of the frame 1 includes rotary cutters C and D, each of which has a disc 21 eccentrically attached to the rotary shafts 3a and 4a. It is configured. These rotary cutters C and D are such that the distance between the rotary shafts 3a and 4a is greater than 2(R-e), where R is the radius of the disk 21, e is the eccentric distance, and R' is the radius of the collar 6. 2(R+e). Therefore, when the minimum radius vector comes on the line connecting the centers of the rotating shafts 3a and 4a during the rotation of the rotating cutters C and D, the disks 21 do not overlap when viewed from the side as shown in FIG. On the other hand, when the maximum portion of the vector radius is on the line connecting the centers of the rotating shafts 3a and 4a, the disks 21 are partially overlapped.

On the other hand, the cutting means 43 provided in the lower part of the frame 1 includes rotary cutters E and F shown in FIG. In the rotary cutters E and F, a disk 21 is attached so as to be centered at the center of the rotary shafts 3b and 4b. The rotating cutters E and F are connected to the rotating shaft 3.
They are attached to the frame 1 so that the distance between b and 4b is (R+R') where R is the radius of the disk and R' is the radius of the collar 6. Therefore, the cutting edges of the blades 22, 23 of the disk 21 in one rotating cutter are brought into point contact with the collar 6 of the other rotating cutter, and as the rotating cutter rotates, the cutting edges of the blades 22, 23 and the collar are brought into contact with each other. The point contact position with 6 is shifted in the axial direction of the rotary cutter.

Incidentally, a hopper 44 is provided above the frame 1 in series for charging the object to be processed.

Next, the operation of the cutting type crusher constructed in this way will be explained.

When a lump of metal scrap, for example, is thrown into the hopper 5 as an input material, the lump is drawn between the rotary cutters C and D by the disks 21 and 21 of the first cutting means 42, and The nodules are cut relatively roughly. Further, when the input material is an empty can, the empty can is roughly cut or crushed when passing between the rotating cutters C and D.

The cut or crushed input material is then transferred to a second
It is sent to the cutting processing means 43. And here it is cut into pieces.

In addition, during this cutting process, in the second cutting process means 43, if the input material is present at the cutting edge position of the blade as shown in FIG. It is cut off by the collar 6 on the other rotating cutter. In other words, the point contact position between the cutting edge of the blade of the disk 21 in one rotary cutter and the collar 6 in the other rotary cutter moves in the axial direction of the rotary cutter as the rotary cutter rotates, so that The input material is cut.

According to the cutting type crusher of the second embodiment constructed in this way, it is possible to obtain the same effects as those of the first embodiment, and in addition, the following effects can be obtained. can.

That is, in the cutting type crusher of this embodiment, after the input material is roughly cut or crushed by the first cutting processing means 42, the second cutting processing means 4
3, the input material can be cut more efficiently.

Further, according to this cutting type crusher, in the second cutting processing means 43, the cutting edges of the blades 22, 23 of the disk 21 of one rotary cutter are brought into point contact with the collar 6 of the other rotary cutter, and Since the point contact position between the cutting edge of the blades 22, 23 of the disk 21 in the rotary cutter and the collar 6 of the other rotary cutter is shifted in the axial direction of the rotary cutter as the rotary cutter rotates, Due to the action of cutting off the input material, it becomes possible to cut the input material finely without applying too much load to the motor 31 or the like.

Further, FIG. 9 shows a third embodiment of the cutting type crusher according to the present invention.

The cutting type crusher of the third embodiment is different from that of the first embodiment in that the rotary cutters G and H are independently driven to rotate by separate motors 31 and 31, and The point is that each load state of the cutters G and H is detected by separate detection devices 32 and 32. In addition, the 9th
In the figure, reference numeral 46 represents a rotating shaft.

In this embodiment as well, it is possible to obtain the same effects as in the first embodiment, but the load is increased only on one rotary cutter, and as a result, the rotation of one rotary cutter is reversed in the forward direction. , when the other rotary cutter is rotating in the forward direction, the floating state of the input material is changed by the disk 21 of the rotary cutter rotating in the opposite direction, and the other rotary cutter rotating in the forward direction changes the floating state of the input material. The effect of cutting the input material using the disk 21 allows the cutting to be performed more efficiently.

Although the invention made by the present inventor has been specifically explained based on the examples above, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned examples, and it is understood that various changes can be made without departing from the gist of the invention. Needless to say.

It goes without saying that the disc 21 may have two types of blades with different cutting surfaces, or may have blades of the same shape disposed circumferentially as in the conventional disc.

In addition, in the rotary cutter of the above embodiment, a portion of the disk is polymerized during rotation, but when only crushing the input material, the disk does not necessarily polymerize during rotation of the rotary cutter. It is not necessary that part of it be polymerized.

[Effects of the Device] The effects obtained by the typical devices disclosed in this application are briefly explained below.

That is, in a cutting type crusher having at least one rotary cutter in which a disk having a plurality of blades formed in the circumferential direction is attached to a rotary shaft, at least one of the rotary cutters has an eccentric disk. Since the disk is attached to the rotary shaft in this state, the dimension from the center of the rotary shaft to the cutting edge of the disk, which passes through the input material drawing area, that is, the radius vector, changes sequentially, making it easier to draw the input material. As a result, the cutting process of the input material can be performed efficiently.

Incidentally, the present invention can also be used to treat scrap metal, empty cans, meat, wood, fruit, bottles, plastics, etc.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 and 2 are longitudinal sectional views of a rotary cutter in the first embodiment of the cutting type crusher according to the present invention, FIG. 3 is a side view of a disk applied to the rotary cutter of FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a front view of a disk applied to the rotary cutter of FIG. 1, FIG. 5 is a partially sectional plan view of the cutting crusher of the first embodiment, and FIG.
The figure is a partially sectional side view of a second embodiment of the cutting type crusher according to the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a side view of a disk applied to the rotary cutter in the first workpiece cutting means of FIG. 6. FIG. 8 is a side view of a disk applied to the rotary cutter in the second workpiece cutting means shown in FIG. 6, and FIG. 9 is a partially sectional plan view of the third embodiment of the cutting type crusher according to the present invention. Figure, 1st
Figure 0 is a plan view of a conventional cutting type crusher, No. 11.
10 is a partially sectional side view of the rotary cutter in the cutting type crusher shown in FIG. 10, and FIG. 12 is a partially sectional side view of the cutting type crusher shown in FIG. 10. 3, 3a, 3b, 4, 4a, 4b, 46... Rotating shaft, 21... Disk, 22, 23...
Blade, 31...Motor (rotary drive device), 3
2...Detection device, 33...Control device, A, B,
C, D, E, F, G, H...Rotating cutter.

Claims (1)

[Claims for Utility Model Registration] 1. A rotary cutter in which a plurality of discs each having a plurality of blades formed in the circumferential direction are attached to each of a pair of rotary shafts at intervals, and the disc of one of the rotary shafts is connected to the rotary cutter. in the cutting type crusher arranged so that the blade can be inserted between the disks of the other rotary shaft, and at least one of the rotary cutters is attached to the rotary shaft with the disk being eccentric. Features a cutting type crusher. 2 The discs have different sizes of cutting surfaces 2
The cutting type crusher according to claim 1, which is constructed by disposing different types of blades alternately in the circumferential direction.