JPH05293A - Quality improvement of water - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a simple and effective quality improvement method of water using the activity of bacteria, low in installation cost and adaptable to rivers and a drainageway and also useful for preventing the quality lowering of water not only in rivers or the drainageway but also in a fish pond, a fish preserve, a live fish transport tank or an aquarium. CONSTITUTION:A hydrohobic porous material 2 having aerobic bacteria supported thereon or capable of supporting said bacteria is brought into contact with objective water. The porous material has a sheet like shape, a cylindrical shape or a bag like shape and can contain a bacteria carrier 5 therein and, if desired, aerobic bacteria may be supported thereon.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for improving water quality that can be used for a wide variety of purposes such as purification of rivers and drainage channels with deteriorated water quality, prevention of water quality deterioration of fish ponds, cages, live fish transport tanks, aquariums and the like. Regarding

[0002]

BACKGROUND ART Today, there is a strong concern about deterioration of water quality in rivers and lakes. Although the deterioration of water quality is one of the macroscopically one of the environmental destruction of the earth, as a result, the water quality of the water supply deteriorates, the aquatic organisms decrease or become extinct, the aquaculture fish die due to the occurrence of red tide, and the generation of bad odors. It has a significant impact on human life. A wide variety of aerobic microorganisms live on the earth, and it nourishes nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus compounds contained in spoiled food and human waste, animal carcasses, domestic wastewater, etc., which are the main causes of water quality deterioration. As a source, it ultimately acts to reduce these to nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc., and river water is naturally purified by the self-cleaning action of these microorganisms, but concentration of the population in cities, destruction of vegetation, pesticide Changes in the ecosystem due to spraying and the like slow down the growth of these microorganisms and, in turn, the self-cleaning action by them, leading to today's situation.

Problems of the prior art The fundamental means for water purification is to restore the ecosystem through population dispersion, complete sewerage, forest restoration, discontinuation of pesticide use, complete purification of industrial wastewater, etc. is there. However, it takes a long time to carry out these measures, and it is not possible to meet the demand in a hurry, and there are also problems that are difficult to carry out in connection with economic efficiency, such as complete purification of industrial wastewater and discontinuation of pesticide use. is there. In particular, complete sewerage is the most important issue, but as the sewage treatment facilities currently in practical use, the sprinkling filter method, the rotating disk method, the surface aeration activated sludge method, the immersion filter method, the fluidized bed method, the suspended bed method, Regardless of whether the turbid particle activated sludge method, diffused activated sludge method, or deep shaft method is adopted, a large amount of energy is required for large-scale equipment, pumps, compressors, etc. It is a virtually impossible problem to run piping from the wastewater source to the sewage treatment plant all over the country. In addition, activated sludge discharged from the equipment according to the amount of treatment has an extremely strong offensive odor, and the prevention of offensive odor around the treatment plant and the disposal of sludge are also troublesome for the concerned parties.

[0004]

In view of the above circumstances, the present invention provides an effective method for improving water quality by utilizing the activity of microorganisms, which is simple and has a low equipment cost and can be applied to any river or drain. The purpose is to do. It is another object of the present invention to provide a water quality improving method that is useful not only in rivers and drains but also in preventing water quality deterioration in fish ponds, cages, live fish transport tanks, and aquariums (goldfish and tropical fish tanks). .

[0005]

[Means for Solving the Problems] The chemical ability of conceptual microorganisms is far superior to that of other organisms. For example, the amount of oxygen consumed per 1 kg of body weight is about 200 ml per hour at 30 ° C. in humans, but Azotobacter (G.Az) has the property of oxidizing nitrite ions to nitric acid.
oxygen consumption of tobacter) reaches 1,200,000 ml (see Iwanami Shinsho 827, Tsutomu Hattori, "Microorganisms of the Earth", p. 58). Therefore, by utilizing the oxidative capacity of such microorganisms, organic compounds that cause the main pollution can be reduced to CO ₂ , N ₂ , water, or
If it can be changed to a harmless inorganic substance such as NO ₃ , reduction in water quality deterioration can be prevented. However, since the supply of oxygen into the river water is limited to the contact interface with the atmosphere, if the supply of oxygen is small, the action of microorganisms will not be exhibited. In addition, even if the microorganisms are simply sprayed into the water, they will be swept away by the water stream, and the ability as a group will not be exhibited. In addition, since there are a great variety of microorganisms in river water, it is possible that the growth of desirable and useful microorganisms may be hindered by microorganisms of other species.
However, it has not been sufficiently confirmed whether or not the microorganisms are segregating, and whether or not the microorganisms compete with each other for survival as seen in higher animals and plants. It has been confirmed that the tissue serves as a habitat for soil bacteria, the production of antibiotics found in some species of actinomycetes, the antagonistic relationship between filamentous fungi and bacteria, or the bacterial predatory Bederovibrio and bacterium. The discovery of phages suggests that some sort of order should exist in the microbial world as well.

The present inventor has previously made an invention relating to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-186730, and increases the amount of dissolved oxygen in water by floating a non-water-absorbing material such as a non-water-absorbing chemical fiber on the water surface. However, we have taken a step forward from the previous invention,
The idea that providing oxygen and habitat to useful aerobic microorganisms in water will ultimately help improve water quality,
As a result of studying means for easily realizing this idea, the present invention has been achieved.

[0007] Based on the above concept, the gist of the present invention is a water quality improving method characterized by bringing a hydrophobic porous material carrying or capable of carrying an aerobic microorganism into contact with target water. Hereinafter, the elements constituting the invention will be described by dividing them into items.

Aerobic Microorganism The term “aerobic microorganism” according to the present invention, whether plant or animal, grows aerobically or facultatively and anaerobically to form organic or inorganic substances. It means a microscopic organism that has the property of assimilating. Here, the substance serving as the electron donor of the microorganism is usually an organic substance, but depending on the case, hydrogen sulfide, nitrate, ammonia, etc. can also serve as a nutrient source. In particular, facultative anaerobic microorganisms can grow even under anaerobic conditions, and thus have an advantage that they can grow even in places where the amount of dissolved oxygen is low, such as high-temperature water and the water bottom.

Although it is difficult to unambiguously identify the type of aerobic microorganism suitable for the practice of the present invention, Voltic which belongs to the dinoflagellate as a protozoa which is a priority species in activated sludge.
ella, Carchesium, Zoothaminium, Opercularia, Epistytis
Microorganisms such as are generally useful. See also Zoogloes, S
Bacteria such as paerotilus are also effectively used. Besides this, Ni
nitrifying fungi such as torosomonas, Azotobacter, Rhizobium,
Photosynthetic bacteria such as Erythrobacter, Rho-dospirilum, Rhodopseudomonas and cyanobacteria can also be used as aerobic microorganisms. In particular, cyanobacteria have a very large oxygen generating ability, and are particularly effective in reducing BOD. However, the purpose of the present invention is to give oxygen and habitat necessary for growth to aerobic organic matter degrading bacteria, so the use of specific microorganisms is not the gist, and the hydrophobic porous material explained in the next section is The case where the aerobic microorganisms existing in the water spontaneously settle in the material or the carrier for microorganisms carried by the material when contacted with water. When the present invention is used as a cage material for marine aquaculture fish, it is necessary to select salt-resistant or salt-resistant aerobic microorganisms.

Carrier A hydrophobic porous material is used as the carrier in the present invention. The hydrophobic porous material here is made of, for example, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane, or other synthetic fibers having poor water absorption, or natural rubber or synthetic rubber. The above means a braid, a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric or a sponge, but for the purpose of the invention, a braid, a woven fabric or a non-woven fabric made of particularly highly hydrophobic polyolefin fibers is preferable. The color is usually colorless, but in order to promote the growth of microorganisms, it is preferable that the color is yellow, orange-yellow to reddish UV blocking color.

The above-mentioned porous material preferably has a sheet-like, tubular or bag-like form. If desired, the inside of the tube-like or bag-like molded product is made of cotton, lint, cotton, sawdust, humus, Kanuma. Soil, smoked charcoal, peat moss, red jade clay, vermiculite, perlite, water moss, hego powder, bark powder, agar, glucomannan,
It may contain a carrier for microorganisms such as carboxymethyl cellulose, alginic acid, zeolite, alumina, silica gel or sponge rubber, viscose sponge, urethane foam or polystyrene waste. It is preferable that the carrier also has a property of not swelling with water as much as possible.

If desired, various sugars or modified products thereof (eg glucose, stachyose, melibiose,
Sucrose fatty acid ester, etc.), urea, ammonium sulfate, sparingly soluble phosphates, amino acids (eg glycine), various vitamins (eg thiamine, nicotinic acid amide, folic acid, biotin, etc.), malt extract, molasses, yeast extraction Foods, corn steep liquor, meat extract, trace essential elements, etc., may be contained as nutrient sources for microorganisms. Among these components, the readily water-soluble component transforms thiamine into the form of nitrate,
Or inclusion in dextrin (preferably cyclodextrin), or silica gel, zeolite, activated carbon,
It is desirable to support it on an adsorbent such as alumina. However, in many cases, the target water itself has a high BOD.
That is, since it is nutrient water for microorganisms, it is generally unnecessary to supplement a special nutrient source, and sometimes it is sufficient to supplement essential amino acids, biotin and the like.

Since the above-mentioned porous material is generally lighter than water, it floats on the water surface when applied to the target water. Therefore, if it is desired to apply it to the water bottom or between the water surface and the water bottom, a carrier heavier than water is preferably used in combination.

Application Form In the present invention, there are various types of methods for applying the porous material to the target water. The simplest method is to attach a suitable anchor to a sheet-shaped porous material or float the material on the water surface from the shore using a tether. This method is simple, but since the sheet-shaped porous material itself does not have a space for supporting a large amount of microorganisms, this sheet is also used as a float to allow the microorganism carrier (in the case of permanent It is preferable to suspend a tubular porous material containing various microbial nutrients). Alternatively, the sheet-like porous material may extend from the upper edge of the ditch to the other upper edge along the side wall from the side wall to the bottom and the opposite side wall, or may be installed along one or both side walls, or There is also a method of laying only on the bottom.

As another form, a method of suspending a porous material in the form of a tube or a bag in which a carrier for microorganisms such as vinylon cotton is placed on the water surface, submerged in the water bottom or suspended in water. There is. In either case, since the porous material can support a large amount of microbial carrier, a large amount of BOD can be obtained.
It has the advantage of being able to handle the load. Especially tubular ones, if desired air from one end of the pipe drawn into the atmosphere,
Purification efficiency can be further improved by positively supplying a nutrient source for microorganisms.

[0016] As a more special method, there is a method of focusing light on the microflora with a lens. This method is preferably used for many photosynthetic microorganisms such as photosynthetic bacteria or cyanobacteria.

Application The method of the present invention can be widely used as an energy-saving water quality improving means for improving the water quality of rivers, lakes and marshes, reservoir ponds, etc. where the water quality has deteriorated, and preventing the water quality deterioration of fish ponds, cages, and ornamental fish tanks. .

[0018]

The hydrophobic porous material constituting the present invention has a large surface area itself, and provides a suitable residence for aerobic microorganisms in water in its innumerable space, and at the same time, it has an air / water interface by capillary action. Activate gas exchange between. At the same time, the innumerable space protects the microorganisms from plankton and the like that feed on the microorganisms, so that the microorganisms actively proliferate due to enriched oxygen and actively decompose and mineralize water organic matter. Moreover, as the vigor of the bacterium becomes active, it spreads in all directions while forming a colony, and the contact area between the bacterium and water becomes large, thereby exerting a large purification ability. In this way, as the growth of aerobic microorganisms increases, the growth of anaerobic bacteria that cause the generation of malodor is also suppressed, and the sludge on the bottom of the water gradually decreases. In particular, cyanobacteria provide oxygen to the water, thus increasing the growth of underlying organic matter-utilizing bacteria. Furthermore, some photosynthetic bacteria dehydrogenate hydrogen sulfide generated from sludge on the bottom of the water and convert it into sulfur, so the water quality is improved by the combined action of these microorganisms. The porous material is preferably distributed vertically from the water surface to the water bottom as much as possible in order to activate oxygen supply to the deep layer.

In addition to the above actions, the porous material has a chromatographic action and concentrates by precipitating salts dissolved in water out of the system. By reducing the salt concentration, it will contribute to further improvement of water quality. It should be noted that a further water purification effect can be expected by replacing the microorganisms distributed in the target water with microorganisms having a high degree of decomposition of organic substances or harmful inorganic substances suitable for the water quality of the target water.

In summary, according to the present invention, in the natural elemental circulation system of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur, organic substances, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, etc., which are pollutants of river water, etc. are harmless by the action of microorganisms, carbon dioxide, nitrogen. The purpose is to promote and assist the self-cleaning action that changes to sulfur, etc. by utilizing the size of the contact area of the hydrophobic porous material and the porosity, and essentially no power is required. This is a rational method for purifying contaminated water.

[0021]

The present invention will now be described in more detail by way of examples, but the examples are merely for the purpose of illustration and are not meant to limit or limit the inventive idea.

Example 1 A woven polypropylene cloth was immersed in a submerged water (abundantly containing cyanobacteria) in a paddy field, which was attached to the narrow side surface of a goldfish aquarium having a capacity of 50 l, and polluted river water ( There is a slight odor)
Was observed and the state of the pebbles with sludge placed at the bottom of the tank was observed. Ten days after the experiment, cyanobacteria adhered to the entire surface of the woven fabric, the odor was hardly felt, and the sludge peeled off from the surface of the stone. On the contrary, there was no change in the control tank, which was simply filled with river water.

Example 2 FIG. 1 shows an example in which a sheet-shaped woven fabric 1 as a porous material is applied to the purification of a river. In this example, a polypropylene multi-filament, which is the same as the polypropylene woven cloth 1 filled with a cotton-like polypropylene / zeolite mixed carrier 5 (adsorbing culture cells of Epistytis in advance) from the bottom to the inside, is also braided. A large number of tubular bodies 2 (see FIG. 2 for details) are suspended and are anchored to the bottom of the water by anchors A.

In this example, fresh air is always woven 1
Is supplied to the inside of the tubular body through the fiber bundles that form the tubular body 2, the flora that grows inside constantly uses abundant oxygen to actively perform organic substance decomposition and nitrification. Run. It should be noted that since the microorganisms used, Epististis, form flocs as they grow and become clogged in the texture, they are difficult to peel off even if the water flow rate is high.

Example 3 FIG. 3 shows an example in which the present invention is applied to the purification of drainage channels and irrigation channels of golf courses and the like. In this example, the rectangular woven fabric 1 made of polypropylene is attached from the side wall of the groove to the bottom and the other side wall from one edge to the other edge of the groove T by using the anchors A and A. Both ends are fixed by piles P, P.

In this example, the aerobic microorganisms spontaneously adhering to the woven cloth 1 are promoted to grow by the air supplied through the weaves of the woven cloth 1 to reduce the BOD in water. Since the water flow velocity on the side wall and the bottom face is extremely reduced, the abundant supply of oxygen by the capillary action of the woven fabric 1 provides favorable conditions for the growth of the microorganism.

Example 4 In FIG. 4, the porous material 1 in the previous example was changed to a tubular body 2 made of a braided polypropylene fiber, and a cotton-like polypropylene fiber (carrier) 5 was filled inside the tubular body. Then
Further, an example is shown in which the rubber tube 6 with small holes 7, 7, ... Is penetrated into the cotton-like fiber.

The rubber tube 6 in this example serves to supply a culture solution of microorganisms, a liquid nutrient source for microorganisms or air through the tube as required. Therefore, this example is convenient for changing the type of priority microorganism or changing the growth degree depending on the situation.

Example 5 FIG. 5 shows an example of another porous material. The porous material of this example is
Urethane foam 5'is filled inside a bag-shaped outer cover made of polypropylene knit 3.

When the porous material of this example is floated on, for example, a water tank for ornamental fish, fresh air is constantly supplied from the outer cover 1'to the sponge 5'to promote the growth of the aerobic microorganisms that have settled. It is desirable that the whole be immersed in a cyanobacterial culture solution in advance and then applied to the water tank.

Embodiment 6 FIG. 6 shows an example in which a porous material is provided with a condensing lens itself as a special example, and a condensing lens 8 made of synthetic resin is shown.
Spherical float 10 inside through hole 9 drilled in the center of
The tip of the circular knit 4 made of polypropylene fiber is projected so as to wrap around, and a cylindrical porous material that also serves as a weight and is hung is hung below the same.

In the porous material 4 of this example, air is constantly supplied from the tip portion 4a of the knit 4 protruding from the water surface to the inside of the tubular body 2, and the strong light beam condensed by the lens 9 is under the water surface. Therefore, the growth of photosynthetic bacteria and cyanobacteria is excellent especially in cold weather. Therefore, if a large number of these are floated on the surface of water such as a fish pond, oxygen in the water will be enriched, which will have a favorable effect on seafood, and at the same time, water pollution will be suppressed.

Example 7 A culture of a facultative anaerobic bacterium (Pseudomonas sp.) Adsorbed on a bran to an orange bag-like porous material (60 mm × 25 mmφ; filled with cotton-like polypropylene inside) similar to that of Example 2. Each of them was placed in 3 plastic containers (130 x 150 x 200 mm) containing 1g of each and 2l of each river water of Yamatogawa (Kagaoka-cho, Sakai City) which was aerated or not aerated beforehand. 5 pieces were stored (however, sample B was placed on the surface of the water, sample C was placed on the bottom of the water, and was not added to sample A), and the change in water quality for 9 days from January 13 to 21, 1991 PH and oxygen content (DO) of test water
It was measured by the change. The results are shown in Table 1.

[Table 1]

As is clear from Table 1, the pH and dissolved oxygen content of the sample to which the porous material is added tend to be higher than those of the control. However, no significant difference was observed between floating the porous material on the surface of the treated water and submerging it on the water bottom.

Embodiment 8 FIG. 7 is a cutaway perspective view showing another embodiment of the invention. In this example, a doughnut-shaped polyurethane foam core material (carrier) 5 ', which also adsorbs aerobic microorganisms, is inserted inside the donut-shaped float 10', and the periphery of the core material 5'is further made of polypropylene. It is covered with a knit 4. In addition,
The artificial flower 11 for decoration is inserted inside the hole 5'a of the core material 5 '.

When the porous material of this example is floated on the aquarium for viewing fish, microorganisms inside the core material gradually grow to purify the water in the aquarium, and at the same time, the water surface floats with the activity of the fish and becomes a human eye. Entertain. By the way, it is possible to freely expand the porous material of this example by using the polypropylene woven cloth etc. as an outer cover and suspend it as a population island in a pond of a golf course, etc. Use large trees or natural trees as) to activate aeration.

Embodiment 9 FIG. 8 is a partially cutaway side view showing an example in which the present invention is applied to purify a sewer pipe. The porous material of this example is obtained by intermittently filling a urethane foam carrier 5'within a tubular body 4 made of polypropylene yarn woven cloth.

When the porous material of this example is inserted into a sewer pipe through, for example, a drainage basin, the drainage comes into contact with irregularities on the outer surface of the porous material and becomes a turbulent flow (Tf) to the braid 3 and the carrier 5 '. Since abundant oxygen is supplied to the grown microorganisms, active purification of wastewater is performed. The exchange is performed by pulling a string or wire tied to the eyelet 12 installed at one end of the porous material.

Embodiment 10 FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example in which the present invention is used for deodorizing a cat litter box. The porous material of this example is composed of a polypropylene woven cloth 1, 1 and a cotton-like polypropylene fiber 5 '' carrying a pure culture of Rhizobium, Azotobacter and Nitrosomonas and legume root extract. It is a sandwiched sheet.

When the above sheet is laid on the child M of the cat litter box TT and sand SD is placed on the upper surface, ammonia generated from urea and the like invaded in the urine is oxidized to nitrate by the action of microorganisms. The odorless state can be maintained for a long time only by removing sand with feces attached.

Industrial Applicability As described above, the present invention utilizes the activity of microorganisms, is simple and has a low equipment cost, and can be applied to any river or drain, and only purifies rivers or drains. In addition, by providing water quality improvement methods that are useful for preventing water quality deterioration in fish ponds, cages, live fish transport tanks, and aquarium (gold and tropical fish tanks) and for purifying urine of pet animals, industry and commercial Can contribute to.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged cutaway sectional view of the tubular body in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view showing still another example of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged cutaway sectional view showing yet another example of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a cutaway sectional view showing another example of a porous material used for carrying out the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a cutaway sectional view showing still another example of a porous material used for carrying out the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a cutaway perspective view showing another embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 8 is a partially cutaway side view showing an example in which the present invention is applied to purification of a sewer pipe.

FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example in which the present invention is used for deodorizing a cat litter box.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Porous material (hydrophobic synthetic fiber woven fabric) 2 Porous material (cylindrical braid made of hydrophobic synthetic fiber) 3 Porous material (hydrophobic synthetic fiber braided cloth) 4 Porous material (circular knitting made of hydrophobic synthetic fiber) 5 Microorganism carrier (mixture of synthetic cotton and zeolite) 5'Microorganism carrier (urethane foam) 5 '' microbial carrier (synthetic cotton) 6 rubber tube 7 6 small holes 8 lenses 98 through holes 10 spherical float 10 'donut-shaped float 11 artificial flowers 12 eyelet A anchor P pile SD sand T ditch TT cat litter W water

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁵ Identification code Office reference number FI technical display location C02F 3/10 Z 6647-4D 3/34 101 D 7158-4D

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A method for improving water quality, which comprises bringing a hydrophobic porous material supporting or capable of supporting aerobic microorganisms into contact with target water. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the porous material is in the form of a sheet. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the porous material is tubular. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the porous material has a bag shape. 5. The porous material contains a carrier for microorganisms.
~ Any one of 4 methods. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein a nutrient source for microorganisms is supplied to the porous material.