JP2599834B2 - Water quality improvement method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a method for improving water quality which can be used in a wide variety of applications such as purification of rivers and drains having reduced water quality, prevention of water quality deterioration in fish ponds, fish cages, live fish transport tanks, aquariums and the like. About.

[0002]

BACKGROUND ART Today, there is a strong concern that water quality in rivers and lakes will decline. The decrease in water quality is one of the manifestations of the environmental destruction of the earth macroscopically. Has significant effects on human life. Originally, a wide variety of aerobic microorganisms exist on the earth, and feed on nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus compounds contained in spoiled food, human waste, animal carcasses, and domestic wastewater, which are the main causes of water quality degradation. As a source, it ultimately reduces these to nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc., and river water is naturally purified by the self-cleaning action of these microorganisms.However, the concentration of population in cities, destruction of vegetation, Changes in the ecosystem, such as by spraying, have slowed the growth of these microorganisms and, consequently, their self-purification, leading to today's situation.

[0003] Problems of the prior art [0003] The fundamental means for water purification is to restore the ecosystem by dispersing the population, providing sewers, restoring forests, stopping the use of pesticides, and completely purifying industrial wastewater. is there. However, the implementation of these measures has taken many years and is not immediately urgent, and there are also economically difficult issues such as complete purification of industrial wastewater and suspension of use of pesticides. is there. In particular, complete sewerage is the most important issue, but currently available sewage treatment facilities include the trickling filter method, the rotating disk method, the surface aeration activated sludge method, the immersion filter method, the fluidized bed method, and the suspended bed method. Regardless of which suspended particle activated sludge method, diffused activated sludge method, deep shaft method, etc. are employed, large-scale equipment and large amounts of energy are required for pumps, compressors, etc. It is practically impossible to run a pipe from a wastewater source to a sewage treatment plant everywhere in Japan. In addition, the activated sludge discharged from the apparatus according to the processing amount has an extremely strong odor, and prevention of the odor around the treatment plant and disposal of the sludge are also problems for concerned parties.

[0004]

In view of the above circumstances, the present invention provides an effective method for improving water quality which can be applied to any river or drainage by utilizing the activity of microorganisms, and is simple, inexpensive, and low in equipment cost. The purpose is to do. Another object of the present invention is to provide a water quality improvement method that is useful not only for rivers and drains, but also for preventing deterioration of water quality in fishponds, fish cages, live fish transport tanks, and aquariums (breeding tanks for goldfish and tropical fish). .

[0005]

[Means for Solving the Problems] Concept The chemical ability of microorganisms is outstanding compared to other organisms. For example, the amount of oxygen consumed per kg of body weight is about 200 ml per hour at 30 ° C. for humans, but it is azotobacter (G.Az.
tobacter) consumes 1,200,000 ml of oxygen (see Iwanami Shinsho 827, Tsutomu Hattori, “Earth Microorganisms” p. 58). Therefore, by utilizing the oxidizing ability of such microorganisms, organic compounds that are the main cause of pollution can be converted into CO ₂ , N ₂ , water, or
If it can be changed to a harmless inorganic substance such as NO ₃ , a decrease in water quality can be prevented. However, the supply of oxygen to river water is limited to the interface with the atmosphere, so if the supply amount of oxygen is small, the function of the microorganisms of the present invention cannot be exhibited. In addition, even if the microorganisms are simply sprayed into the water, they are washed away by the water current and cannot exert their ability as a group. In addition, because there are a great variety of microorganisms in river water, the growth of preferred useful microorganisms may be hindered by other microorganisms.
However, whether or not the microorganisms are segregating, and furthermore, whether or not the microorganisms compete with each other for survival as seen in higher plants and animals have not yet been sufficiently confirmed, but at least aggregates in the soil It has been confirmed that the tissue serves as a habitat for soil bacteria, produces antibiotics found in certain species of actinomycetes, antagonizes fungi and bacteria, or has bacterial predatory properties such as Buderovibrio and bacteriosomes. The discovery of phage suggests that there must be some sort of order in the microbial world.

The inventor of the present invention made an invention according to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-186730, in which the amount of dissolved oxygen in water was increased by floating a non-water-absorbing material composed of non-water-absorbing chemical fibers on the water surface. However, recently, one step forward from the earlier invention,
Given that providing oxygen and habitat to useful aerobic microorganisms in water will ultimately help improve water quality,
As a result of studying means for easily realizing this idea, the present invention has been reached.

SUMMARY Based on the above concept, the present invention provides a water quality improvement characterized by contacting a porous capillary material comprising multifilaments of hydrophobic synthetic fibers capable of carrying or carrying an aerobic microorganism with target water. The method is summarized. Hereinafter, this will be described in detail.

[0008] The term "aerobic microorganism" in the present invention refers to an aerobic or facultatively anaerobic organic or inorganic substance that grows aerobically or facultatively regardless of whether it is vegetable or animal. A microscopic organism with assimilating properties. Here, the substance serving as the electron donor of the microorganism is usually an organic substance, but in some cases, hydrogen sulfide, nitrate, ammonia or the like can also be a nutrient source. In particular, facultative anaerobic microorganisms can grow even under anaerobic conditions, and therefore have the advantage that they can grow in places where the amount of dissolved oxygen is low, such as high-temperature water or water bottoms.

Although it is difficult to uniquely identify the types of aerobic microorganisms suitable for the practice of the present invention, Vol. Belonging to sessile flagellates as a protozoan which is a priority species in activated sludge
ticella, Carchesium, Zootha
minium, Operacularia, Episty
Microorganisms such as is generally useful. Also, Zo
Bacteria such as ogloes and Sparetilus are also effectively used. In addition, Nitrosomona
Nitrifying bacteria such as s, Azotobacter, Rhizobium, Erythrobacter, Rho-d
ospirilum, Rhodopseudomona
Photosynthetic bacteria such as s and cyanobacteria can also be used as aerobic microorganisms. In particular, since the oxygen generating ability of cyanobacteria is very large, it is particularly effective in reducing BOD. However,
One of the spirits of the present invention is to provide oxygen required for growth and a home for aerobic organic matter decomposing bacteria, so the use of specific microorganisms is not a gist, but a special porous material described in the next section. When the porous capillary material comes into contact with water, the aerobic microorganisms present in the water spontaneously grow on the material or the carrier for microorganisms carried by the material. When the special porous capillary material of the present invention is used as a cage material for marine cultured fish and shellfish, it is necessary to select a salt-resistant or salt-tolerant aerobic microorganism.

Carrier As a carrier for holding microorganisms in the present invention, a porous capillary material composed of multifilaments of hydrophobic synthetic fibers is used. Here, the porous capillary material composed of multifilaments of hydrophobic synthetic fibers is made of, for example, hydrophobic synthetic fibers such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyacrylonitrile, and polyurethane. Braided, woven or non-woven fabric. Among them, a braid, a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric, and the like made of a polyolefin fiber having particularly high hydrophobicity are preferable because the predetermined effect of the present invention is excellent. The color may be generally colorless, but in order to assist the growth of microorganisms, it is preferable that the color is colored yellow, orange-yellow, or red, so as to block ultraviolet rays.

The above-mentioned porous capillary material is preferably in the form of a sheet, a tube (tubular) or a bag. If desired, the inside of the tube or bag is formed into cotton, cotton, cotton, cotton, cotton, or the like. Sawdust, mulch, Kanuma soil, charcoal, peat moose, akadama, vermiculite, perlite, water moss, stalk end, bark end, agar,
Microbial carriers such as glucomannan, carboxymethylcellulose, alginic acid, zeolites, alumina, silica gel or sponge gum, viscose sponges, urethane foam or polystyrene scraps can be included.
It is preferable that the carrier does not swell with water as much as possible.

Further, if desired, various sugars or modified products thereof (eg, glucose, stachyose, melibiose,
Sucrose fatty acid esters, etc.), urea, ammonium sulfate, poorly soluble phosphates, amino acids (eg, glycine), various vitamins (eg, thiamine, nicotinamide, folic acid, biotin, etc.), malt extract, molasses, yeast extract It may contain nutrients for microorganisms such as foods, corn steep liquor, meat extract, trace essential elements and the like. Of these components, those that are readily soluble in water, for example, transform thiamine into nitrate form,
Or inclusion in dextrin (preferably cyclodextrin) or silica gel, zeolite, activated carbon,
It is desirable to carry it on an adsorbent such as alumina. However, in many cases, the target water itself has a high BOD.
In other words, since it is nutrient water for microorganisms, it is generally unnecessary to supplement a special nutrient source, and occasionally it is sufficient to supplement an essential amino acid, biotin and the like.

The above-mentioned porous capillary material is generally lighter than water, and thus floats on the water surface when applied to target water. Therefore, if it is desired to apply the method to the water bottom or between the water surface and the water bottom, it is preferable to appropriately use a carrier heavier than water.

In the present invention, there are various types of methods for applying the porous capillary material to the target water. The simplest method is to attach an appropriate anchor to the sheet-like porous capillary material or to float the material on the water surface using a traditional rope from the shore. Although this method is simple, since the sheet-like porous capillary material itself does not have a space for supporting a large amount of microorganisms, the sheet is also used as a float and the microorganism carrier (desired) is internally contained from the material. (Including a more permanent source of microbial nutrients). Alternatively, a sheet-like porous capillary material may be straddled from the upper edge of the culvert to its upper edge along the side wall from the side wall to the bottom and the opposing side wall, or may be attached along one or both side walls, or There is also a method of laying only at the bottom.

In another form, a porous capillary material is formed in a tubular or bag-like form, and a carrier containing microorganisms such as vinylon cotton is placed inside the float, submerged in the water bottom, or suspended in water. There is a way to make it happen. Both types have the advantage that a large amount of BOD load can be processed because the porous capillary material can support a large amount of microorganism carriers. In particular, in the case of a tube, the purifying efficiency can be further increased by positively supplying air and nutrients for microorganisms from one end of the tube drawn into the atmosphere, if desired.

As a further special method, there is a method of condensing light on the bacterial flora with a lens. This method is suitably used for photosynthetic microorganisms such as many photosynthetic bacteria or cyanobacteria.

Uses The method of the present invention can be widely used as an energy-saving water quality improving means for improving the water quality of rivers, lakes and marshes, reservoirs, etc., whose water quality has deteriorated, and for preventing the deterioration of the water quality of fish ponds, fish cages, and aquariums for aquarium fish. .

[0018]

The porous capillary material constituting the present invention has a large surface area by itself, and provides a dwelling house suitable for underwater aerobic microorganisms in a myriad of spaces. As a result, the gas exchange between the air / water interface is activated by the capillary action, and the innumerable spaces protect the microorganisms from plankton and the like that prey on the microorganisms. Therefore, the microorganisms proliferate actively by the enriched oxygen. Actively decompose and mineralize organic matter in water. In addition, as the virulence of the bacterium becomes active, it spreads in all directions while forming a colony, and the contact area between the bacterium and water increases, thereby exhibiting a large purification ability. In this way, as the growth of aerobic microorganisms becomes more active, the growth of anaerobic bacteria that cause the generation of offensive odors is suppressed, and the sludge on the bottom of the water gradually decreases. In particular, blue-green algae provide oxygen to the water, so the underlying organic assimilating bacteria proliferate. Furthermore, some photosynthetic bacteria dehydrogenate hydrogen sulfide generated from sludge on the bottom of the water and convert it to sulfur. Therefore, the combined action of these microorganisms improves water quality. In order to activate the oxygen supply to the deep layer, it is preferable that the porous capillary material is distributed vertically from the water surface to the water bottom as much as possible.

In addition to the above functions, the porous capillary material comprising multifilaments of hydrophobic synthetic fibers used in the present invention has a chromatographic function, and discharges salts dissolved in water out of the system by this function. It becomes possible. That is, salts such as sodium salts are accumulated in a dissolved state in water such as rivers and lakes due to the inflow of domestic wastewater and the excrement of cultured fish and the like. This accumulation of salts is also one of the causes of pollution of rivers and lakes. The porous capillary material of the present invention is characterized in that the dissolved salts are precipitated by a chromatographic action due to the two configurations of the material being a multifilament hydrophobic synthetic fiber and being porous. is there. Therefore, for example, if the entire porous capillary material is not submerged in water but a part thereof is taken out of the water, salts in the water will be precipitated from the part outside the water. In addition, the entirety of the porous capillary material is submerged in water, and salts are precipitated on the surface of the porous capillary material. Then, by pulling up the salts, it is possible to remove dissolved salts from rivers and lakes. And, by removing the dissolved salts, it is possible to further contribute to the improvement of water quality. In addition, as a microorganism, instead of those distributed in the target water, a highly organic or harmful inorganic substance decomposable substance suitable for the quality of the target water is selected, and this is supported on the porous capillary material. Water purification effect can be expected.

In short, the present invention relates to a process for harmless carbon dioxide, nitrogen and the like, which is caused by the action of microorganisms, such as organic matter, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and the like, which are polluting components such as river water, in the natural elemental circulation system of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur. The purpose of the present invention is to promote and promote the self-cleaning action of changing to gas, sulfur, etc. by utilizing the large contact area and the porous nature of the porous capillary material composed of multifilaments of hydrophobic synthetic fibers. further,
Capillary action (chromatographic action) of the above porous capillary material
As a result, dissolved salts are positively removed, thereby contributing to the overall improvement of water quality. Since the method for improving water quality of the present invention essentially does not require power, it is a reasonable and economical method for purifying contaminated water.

[0021]

The embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to examples, but the examples are merely for explanation and do not mean the limitation or limitation of the inventive idea. Further, hereinafter, "porous capillary material composed of multifilaments of hydrophobic synthetic fibers"
Is simply abbreviated as “porous material”.

Example 1 A woven polypropylene fabric was immersed in a flooded paddy field (including abundant cyanobacteria) and attached to the narrow side surface of a 50-liter goldfish aquarium to contaminate river water ( Slightly odor)
And the condition of the pebbles with sludge placed at the bottom of the tank was observed. Ten days after the experiment, cyanobacteria adhered to the entire surface of the woven fabric, almost no odor was felt, and sludge peeled off from the stone surface. In contrast, there was no change in the control tank, which was simply filled with river water.

Embodiment 2 FIG. 1 shows an example in which a sheet-like woven fabric 1 as a porous material is applied to river purification. In this example, the polypropylene woven fabric 1 is braided with a polypropylene multifilament filled with a mixed carrier 5 of cotton-like polypropylene and zeolite (adsorbed in advance of Epistytis culture cells) from the bottom to the inside. A large number of cylindrical bodies 2 (see FIG. 2 for details) are suspended and anchored to the water bottom by anchors A.

In this embodiment, fresh air is constantly applied to the woven fabric 1.
Is supplied to the inside of the tubular body through a fiber bundle constituting the tubular body 2, so that the microflora that grows in the inside always use the abundant oxygen to actively perform the action of organic matter decomposition, nitrification, and the like. Run. Since the microorganism used, Epistis, forms flocs as it grows and clogs the weave, it is difficult to exfoliate even if the speed of the water flow is high.

Embodiment 3 FIG. 3 shows an example in which the present invention is applied to purification of a drainage ditch or an irrigation waterway of a golf course or the like. In this example, the rectangular woven fabric 1 made of polypropylene is provided along the bottom and the other side wall from the side wall of the groove from one edge to the other edge of the groove T using the anchors A and A, and Both ends are fixed by piles P, P.

In this embodiment, the aerobic microorganisms naturally settled on the woven fabric 1 are promoted by the air supplied through the weave of the woven fabric 1 to reduce the BOD in the water. Since the water flow velocity is extremely reduced on the side wall and the bottom surface, the abundant supply of oxygen by the capillary action of the woven fabric 1 provides favorable conditions for the growth of the microorganism.

Embodiment 4 FIG. 4 shows that the porous material 1 in the previous example is changed to a tubular body 2 made of a braid made of polypropylene fiber, and the inside of the tubular body is filled with a cotton-like polypropylene fiber (carrier) 5. And
Further, an example is shown in which a rubber tube 6 with fine small holes 7, 7,...

The rubber tube 6 in this embodiment serves to supply a microorganism culture solution, a liquid nutrient for microorganisms or air through the tube as required. Therefore, this example is convenient for changing the type of the priority microorganism and changing the degree of growth according to the situation.

Embodiment 5 FIG. 5 shows another example of a porous material. The porous material of this example is
A bag-shaped jacket made of a knitted fabric (knit) 3 made of polypropylene is filled with urethane foam 5 '.

When the porous material of the present embodiment is floated in, for example, an aquarium fish tank, fresh air is constantly supplied from the jacket 1 'to the sponge 5' to promote the growth of the aerobic microorganisms that have settled. It is preferable that the whole be immersed in a cyanobacterial culture solution in advance and then applied to the water tank.

Embodiment 6 FIG. 6 shows a special case in which the porous material has a condensing lens itself.
Spherical float 10 inside through hole 9 drilled in the center of
The circular knitted knit 4 made of polypropylene fiber protrudes so as to wrap around, and the same weight / tubular porous material as in Example 2 is suspended below.

In the porous material 4 of this embodiment, air is constantly supplied from the tip 4a of the knit 4 protruding from the water surface to the inside of the cylindrical body 2, and the strong light beam condensed by the lens 9 is below the water surface. Therefore, the growth of photosynthetic bacteria and blue-green algae is especially excellent in cold weather. Therefore, if many of them are floated on the water surface such as a fish pond, oxygen in the water is enriched, which has a favorable effect on fish and shellfish, and at the same time suppresses water pollution.

Example 7 A culture of a facultatively anaerobic bacterium (Pseudomonas sp.) Adsorbed on a bran on the same orange bag-like porous material (60 mm × 25 mmφ; filled with cotton-like polypropylene) as in Example 2 Each 1g is accommodated, and this is aerated or not aerated beforehand in three plastic containers (130 x 150 x 200 mm) each containing 2 l of river water of Yamato River (Kagaoka-cho, Sakai City). Five samples were stored each (However, Sample B was placed on the water surface, Sample C was settled on the bottom of the water, and was not added to Sample A). The water quality change for 9 days from January 13 to 21, 1991 was observed. PH and oxygen content (DO) of test water
Measured by change. Table 1 shows the results.

[Table 1]

As apparent from Table 1, the pH and the dissolved oxygen content of the sample to which the porous material was added tended to be higher than those of the control. However, no significant difference was observed between floating the porous material on the surface of the water to be treated and submerging it on the water floor.

Embodiment 8 FIG. 7 is a cutaway perspective view showing another embodiment of the present invention. In this example, a doughnut-shaped expanded polyurethane core material (carrier) 5 ′, which also adsorbs aerobic microorganisms, is inserted into a donut-shaped float 10 ′, and the periphery of the core material 5 ′ is further made of polypropylene. It is covered with a knit 4. In addition,
An artificial flower 11 for decoration is inserted into the hole 5'a of the core material 5 '.

When the porous material of this example is floated on an aquarium for appreciation fish, the microorganisms inside the core material gradually grow to purify the water in the aquarium, and at the same time, float on the water surface with the activity of the fish and the human eye To entertain. Incidentally, it is possible to freely expand the porous material of this example using the above-mentioned woven cloth made of polypropylene or the like as a jacket and float it as an artificial island on a golf course pond or the like. Use a large tree or a natural tree for the aeration.

Embodiment 9 FIG. 8 is a partially broken side view showing an example in which the present invention is applied to purify a sewer pipe. The porous material of this example is obtained by intermittently filling a urethane foam carrier 5 ′ into a tubular body 4 made of a woven fabric made of polypropylene yarn.

When the porous material of the present example is inserted into a sewer pipe through, for example, a drainage basin, the wastewater comes into contact with irregularities on the outer surface of the porous material and becomes turbulent (Tf). Since abundant oxygen is supplied to the proliferating microorganisms, an active wastewater purification action is performed. The replacement is performed by pulling a string or a wire tied to the eyelet 12 provided at one end of the porous material.

Embodiment 10 FIG. 9 is a partial sectional view showing an example in which the present invention is used for deodorizing a cat litter box. The porous material of this example is a cotton-like polypropylene fiber 5 '' carrying a pure culture of Rhizobium, Azotobacter and Nitrosomonas and a root extract of legumes between polypropylene woven fabrics 1 and 1. This is a sandwiched sheet.

When the above-mentioned sheet is laid on the litter M of the cat litter TT and the sand SD is placed on the upper surface, ammonia generated from urea and the like in the invading urine is oxidized to nitrate by the action of microorganisms. Odorless state can be maintained for a long time only by removing sand to which feces adhere.

As described above, the present invention utilizes the activity of microorganisms, is simple and inexpensive, can be applied to any river or drain, and can be used only for purification of rivers and drains. In addition, by providing a water quality improvement method that can help prevent water quality deterioration in fish ponds, fish cages, live fish transport tanks, and aquariums (water tanks for breeding goldfish and tropical fish) and purify urine from pet animals, Can contribute to

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged cutaway sectional view of the cylindrical body in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view showing still another example of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged cutaway sectional view showing still another example of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a cutaway sectional view showing another example of a porous material used for carrying out the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a cutaway sectional view showing still another example of a porous material used for carrying out the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a cutaway perspective view showing another embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 8 is a partially broken side view showing an example in which the present invention is applied for purifying a sewer pipe.

FIG. 9 is a partial sectional view showing an example in which the present invention is used for deodorizing a cat litter box.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Porous material (woven fabric made of hydrophobic synthetic fiber) 2 Porous material (tubular braid made of hydrophobic synthetic fiber) 3 Porous material (braided fabric made of hydrophobic synthetic fiber) 4 Porous material (hydrophobic synthetic fiber) 5) Microorganism carrier (synthetic cotton / zeolite mixture) 5 'Microorganism carrier (urethane foam) 5' 'Microorganism carrier (synthetic cotton) 6 Rubber tube 7 6 Small hole 8 Lens 9 8 Through hole 10 Spherical float 10 'Donut float 11 Artificial flower 12 Eyelet A Anchor P Pile SD Sand T Ditch TT Cat toilet W Water

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] 1. A porous capillary comprising multifilaments of hydrophobic synthetic fibers that carry or can carry aerobic microorganisms.
A method for improving water quality, comprising bringing wood into contact with target water. 2. The method for improving water quality according to claim 1, wherein said porous capillary material is in the form of a sheet. 3. The porous capillary material according to claim 1, wherein said porous capillary material is cylindrical.
Water quality improvement method described . 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said porous capillary material has a bag shape.
Water quality improvement method described . 5. The method for improving water quality according to claim 1, wherein the porous capillary material contains a carrier for microorganisms. 6. The method for improving water quality according to claim 1, wherein a nutrient source for microorganisms is supplied to the porous capillary material .