JPH05286A - Waste treatment equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enhance the carbonizing treatment efficiency of a raw material by efficiently heating the raw material in a dry distillation furnace and rapidly removing the carbide layer on the surface of the raw material. CONSTITUTION:A raw material supply device 3 is provided to one end of a dry distillation furnace 1 to supply a raw material into the furnace 1. A combustion furnace 2 heating the wall of the dry distillation furnace from the outer surface thereof is provided near the raw material supply device 3. A main recovery device 5 recovering the dry distillation gas and carbide in the dry distillation furnace 1 and the heating promoter in the raw material is provided and a residue recovery device 6 recovering dry distillation residue is provided to the outlet end of the dry distillation furnace 1. The main recovery device 5 consists of a rotary screen 23 and a separation tower 23 separating carbide, the heating promoter and the dry distillation gas and a condenser 7 condensing the dry distillation gas to perform gas-liquid separation is provided to the upper end of the separation tower 24. A screen 31 separating the heating promoter and carbide and a return device 8 returning the separated heating promoter to the raw material supply device are provided to the lower end of the separation tower 24.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a waste treatment device for carbonizing organic solid waste such as wood, paper and plastic to effectively utilize it.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a conventional apparatus for carbonizing an organic solid waste (hereinafter simply referred to as a raw material) and reusing it, for example, a dry distillation apparatus disclosed in JP-A-49-10898 is known. This is, as shown in FIG.
And a carbonization furnace 42 that obliquely penetrates the combustion furnace 41, and the raw material in the carbonization furnace 42 is carbonized by the heat in the combustion furnace 41.
The raw material is fed from the hopper 43 and fed to the carbonization furnace 42 by a screw conveyor 44 provided below the hopper 43.
A rotary plate 45 for stirring is provided in multiple stages inside the dry distillation furnace 42. While being stirred by the rotary plate 45, the dry distillation furnace 42 is provided.
Carbonization of the raw material is carried out while flowing down. The gas generated by the carbonization is introduced into the combustion furnace 41 through the passage 46 and burned with the fuel 48 such as coal or wood on the grate to heat the carbonization furnace 42.

[0003]

In the above conventional apparatus, the raw material is heated by the conduction heat from the furnace wall of the carbonization furnace 42 and the radiant heat from the furnace wall. Therefore, it takes a long time to carbonize the raw material and the treatment efficiency is low.
8 was required, and there was room for improvement in that operating costs increased. Especially in the case of wood-based materials, the thermal conductivity is 0.14w
/ M · k (20 ° C) and low specific heat (1.
25 J / g · k), the carbonization process takes a long time, which is disadvantageous in that the disposal cost of this kind of waste is higher than that of other processing forms such as incineration.

Carbonization proceeds from the surface of the raw material to the inside. At this time, if the carbonized layer on the surface remains bound to the raw material, heat conduction into the raw material is hindered by the carbonized layer. This is because, in many cases, the carbonized layer is made porous and has a lower thermal conductivity than the raw material. By the way, the thermal conductivity of charcoal is 0.05
4w / m · k (20 ° C), which is less than 40% of the wood-based raw material.

Further, in the conventional apparatus, the stirring rotary plate 45 provided in the dry distillation furnace 42 is useful for removing the carbonized layer on the surface as described above. That is, the carbonized layer can be peeled off by abutting or relative movement between the raw materials or the raw material and the cylindrical wall during stirring. However, since the rotating plate 45 is originally provided for the purpose of uniformly heating the raw material, and the rotation speed thereof is extremely slow,
This alone does not provide a sufficient peeling action, which is also one of the reasons why the raw material cannot be heated efficiently.

Further, the above-mentioned conventional apparatus also has a problem in that the purity of the carbide produced by dry distillation is low. This is because when the raw material contains foreign matters such as metal pieces and stones, these foreign matters also flow down to the lower end of the slope of the carbonization furnace 42 together with the carbide, and are collected in that state. The core powder of the raw material which has not been sufficiently carbonized is also contained in the carbide.

The present invention has been made in view of the above point, and enables efficient heating of the raw material in the dry distillation furnace, and further enables rapid removal of the carbonized layer on the surface of the raw material, thereby The purpose is to improve the efficiency of carbonization treatment.

Another object of the present invention is to make it possible to heat the dry distillation furnace by utilizing the combustion heat of combustible waste, and to improve the efficiency of the above-mentioned heating of the raw material, and the operation required for the carbonization treatment of the raw material. To reduce costs.

Another object of the present invention is to dispose of foreign materials such as metal pieces and stones in the raw material so that the foreign materials and the carbides can be separated to recover high-purity carbides. To obtain a material processing device.

[0010]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a means taken by the invention according to claim 1 is that a raw material consisting of organic solid waste is placed at one end of a rotary drum type carbonization furnace. A raw material supply device for supplying the inside is provided,
A combustion furnace for heating the furnace wall of the carbonization furnace from the outer surface is provided adjacent to the raw material supply device, and adjacent to the combustion furnace,
The main recovery device for recovering the carbonization gas and the carbide generated in the carbonization furnace and the heating accelerator mixed in the raw material,
It is provided so as to cover the outer surface of the carbonization furnace, a residue recovery device for recovering the carbonization residue is provided at the exit end of the carbonization furnace, and the main recovery device is a part of the furnace wall of the carbonization furnace. Consists of a rotating screen that constitutes the rotating screen, and a separation tower that covers the outer surface of the rotating screen and separates the carbonization material and the heating accelerator from the dry distillation gas. A condenser for separating gas and liquid by means of a separator, a screen for separating the heating accelerator and carbide continuously from the lower end of the separation column, and a returning device for returning the separated heating accelerator to the raw material supply device. And that the heating accelerator is formed of a granular body made of a hard solid whose thermal conductivity is higher than that of the raw material.

Specifically, the means taken by the invention according to claim 2 is that the combustion furnace is constituted by an incinerator for combustible waste.

Further, in the means taken by the invention according to claim 3, a preheating device for heating the heating accelerator by the combustion heat is provided in the return path of the returning device, and the gas separated by the condenser is passed through the passage. It is configured to feed the preheating device.

Further, the means taken by the invention according to claim 4 is configured such that the heating accelerator is formed of a granular body of metal, stone or ceramics.

[0014]

With the above construction, in the present invention, the raw material and the heating accelerator are mixed in the inside of the dry distillation furnace in the operating state, and they are heated by receiving the conduction heat and the radiant heat from the furnace wall. At this time, since the heating accelerator has a higher thermal conductivity than the raw material, it is heated to a temperature higher than that of the raw material to maintain the temperature inside the furnace at a high temperature and simultaneously increase the temperature of the raw material.

Furthermore, due to the rotary feed action of the carbonization furnace,
The heating accelerator is constantly stirred with the raw material and collides against or rubs against the carbonized layer on the surface of the raw material.However, since the heating accelerator is formed into a granular shape with a hard solid such as metal or stone, the carbonized layer is a heating accelerator. It is scraped off or forcibly peeled off by the impact of collision. As described above, when the raw material is dry-distilled using the heating accelerator, the heat transfer between the furnace wall and the raw material can be performed quickly, and further, the removal of the carbonized layer on the surface of the raw material which hinders the heat conduction. Will be able to be done quickly.

Most of the raw materials are carbonized by the time they reach the rotating screen, and are in the form of powder or granular carbide. The carbide and the heating accelerator are sifted by a rotary screen and taken out of the carbonization furnace.The remaining uncarbonized raw materials, metal pieces, stones, etc. pass through the rotary screen and are sent to the residue recovery device as carbonization residue. . The carbide and the heating accelerator taken out from the carbonization furnace are screened again by the screen, and only the heating accelerator is returned to the raw material supply device by the returning device. The charcoal-based material thus obtained does not contain any dry distillation residue and its purity is high.

[0017]

Therefore, according to the present invention, a heating accelerator made of a hard solid having a higher thermal conductivity than that of the raw material is used,
Since the carbonization treatment is performed in the state of being mixed with the raw material, heat transfer from the furnace wall of the carbonization furnace to the raw material can be efficiently performed using the heating accelerator as a medium, and the carbonized layer on the raw material surface Can be forcibly removed by the heating accelerator, and the carbonization treatment can be efficiently performed by efficiently heating the raw material as a whole.

If an incinerator for incinerating combustible and waste materials is used to heat the dry distillation furnace with the incineration heat, the amount of fuel is significantly reduced as compared with the case where a dedicated incinerator is used. In addition to the fact that the raw material can be efficiently heated as described above, the operating cost required for carbonizing the raw material can be reduced.

Further, when a preheating device is provided in the return passage of the returning device and the combustible gas contained in the dry distillation gas produced in the dry distillation furnace is used as the fuel for the preheating device, the efficiency of heating the raw materials is further promoted. it can.

[0020]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention. This apparatus has a rotary drum type dry distillation furnace 1 arranged substantially horizontally and a combustion furnace 2 for heating the furnace wall of the dry distillation furnace 1 from the outer surface, and a raw material supply device 3 in order from one end of the dry distillation furnace 1. The combustion furnace 2 and the main recovery device 5 are provided, and the residue recovery device 6 is provided at the other end of the dry distillation furnace 1. Furthermore, a condenser 7 and a return device 8 are provided in addition to the main recovery device 5.

The carbonization furnace 1 has a spiral plate 9 on the inner surface of a cylindrical furnace wall.
Are provided, and the rings 10 provided at three positions on the outer surface of the furnace wall are respectively supported by the drive rollers 11, so that the whole is gently driven to rotate in one direction. The raw material M and the heating accelerator 12 are agitated by the rotating spiral plate 9 and are fed little by little at the same time. An air supply port 13 is provided on an end wall of the dry distillation furnace 1 on the side of the raw material supply device 3 for partially burning the produced dry distillation gas to supply heat.

The combustion furnace 2 is an incinerator for incinerating combustible waste, and the dry distillation furnace 1 is arranged so as to traverse the combustion chamber 14 of the combustion furnace 2. Reference numeral 15 is a charging port, 16 is a grate, 17 is a smoke exhaust port, and 18 is a burner. This incinerator 2
A skirt furnace is suitable for.

The raw material supply device 3 is provided with a screw conveyor 21 at the lower end of the hopper 20, and continuously feeds a fixed amount of the raw material M and the heating accelerator 12 to the dry distillation furnace 1. The raw material M is previously crushed to a size that can be fed by the screw conveyor 21. A motor 22 drives the screw conveyor 21. Instead of the screw conveyor 21, the raw material M can be supplied by a pushing device using a fluid pressure cylinder as a drive source.

The heating accelerator 12 is made of a granular material having a higher thermal conductivity than that of the raw material M among hard solids such as a sintered body containing metal, stone or ceramics, and the particle diameters thereof are substantially uniform. .

The raw material M charged into the carbonization furnace 1 is 300 to 700 while gently flowing along the lower inner surface of the furnace wall.
When heated to 0 ° C., the organic matter contained therein is thermally decomposed into carbon dioxide and carbonized carbon.

A main recovery unit 5 is provided for recovering the above-mentioned carbonization gas, carbide C and heating accelerator 12 from the carbonization furnace 1. The main recovery device 5 is composed of a rotary screen 23 that constitutes a part of the furnace wall of the carbonization furnace 1 between the combustion furnace 2 and the residue recovery device 6, and a separation tower 24 that covers the outer surface of the rotary screen 23. . The rotary screen 23 is formed of a metal mesh or a perforated metal plate, and dry distillation gas escapes to the separation column 24 through the mesh or holes.
At the same time, the carbide C and the heat accelerating body 12 sent by the spiral plate 9 are sifted into the separation tower 24, and the others pass through the screen as they are. The opening size (mesh size) of the screen is set on the basis of the particle size of the heating accelerator 12.

Inside the separation column 24, the dry distillation gas is collected in the upper part of the column, and the carbide C and the heating accelerator 12 are deposited in the bottom part of the column. In order to condense dry distillation gas and separate gas and liquid,
The gas passage 25 is led out from the upper end of the separation tower 24, and the condenser 7 is provided at the leading end. When the raw material M is wood, the dry distillation gas is cooled by the cooler 26 and separated into liquids such as tar and wood vinegar and combustible gas.

An outlet 29 is provided at the lower end of the separation column 24 via a valve 28, and a return device 8 is provided continuously to the outlet 29. The returning device 8 comprises a screw conveyor (a bucket conveyor is also possible), and the take-out port 2
The mixture of the carbide C and the heating accelerator 12 dropped from 9 is returned toward the raw material supply device 3. Heating accelerator 12
In order to return only the raw material to the raw material supply device 3, the screen 3 is provided along the lower surface of the lower return passage of the conveyor screw 30.
1 is provided so that the carbide C can be separated through the mesh. The mesh size of the screen 31 is smaller than the particle size of the heating accelerator 12. Conveyor screw 30
Also serves to prevent the carbide C having a large particle diameter from being crushed and returned together with the heating accelerator 12. 32 is a motor.

The residue recovery device 6 comprises a case 33 for covering the outer surface of the outlet of the carbonization furnace 1, a screw conveyor 34 provided at the lower end of the case 33, and a water cooling jacket 35 for covering the outer surface of the conveyor. The carbonization residue S containing uncarbonized raw materials and large-sized carbides which were not recovered in 5 and foreign matters such as metal pieces and stones is recovered. Of the recovered dry distillation residue S, large-sized carbides and carbides bound to the uncarbonized raw material are crushed while passing through the screw conveyor 34, sorted by a separately provided sorting device, and reused. .

Next, the processing operation of this waste processing apparatus will be described.

First, the raw material M and the heating accelerator 12 are continuously fed from the raw material supply device 3 to the dry distillation furnace 1 in fixed amounts. The raw material M charged into the dry distillation furnace 1 is heated to 300 to 700 ° C. while gently flowing along the lower inner surface of the furnace wall, and the organic matter contained therein is thermally decomposed to become a dry distillation gas and a carbide C. When the raw material M in the dry distillation furnace 1 is sufficiently heated, the raw material M is partially burned by appropriately supplying air from the air supply port 13 in order to further promote carbonization.

Of the above-mentioned dry distillation gas, carbide C, and heating accelerator 12, the dry distillation gas exits to the separation tower 24, and at the same time,
The carbide C and the heating accelerator 12 sent by the spiral plate 9 are screened into the separation tower 24, and the others pass through the screen as they are. When the raw material M is wood,
The dry distillation gas is cooled by the cooler 26 and separated into liquids such as tar and wood vinegar and combustible gas. Further, the mixture of the carbide C and the heating accelerator 12 that has dropped from the outlet 29 is returned toward the raw material supply device 3, and only the heating accelerator 12 is returned to the raw material supply device 3.

On the other hand, the dry distillation residue S containing uncarbonized raw materials, large-sized carbides, and foreign matters such as metal pieces and stones which are not recovered by the main recovery device 5 is recovered by the residue recovery device 6. Of the recovered dry distillation residue S, large-sized carbides and carbides bound to the uncarbonized raw material are crushed while passing through the screw conveyor 34, sorted by a separately provided sorting device, and reused. .

Therefore, the heating accelerator 12 made of a hard solid having a higher thermal conductivity than the raw material M is used, and this is used as the raw material M.
Since the carbonization treatment is carried out in the state of being mixed with the material, the heat transfer from the furnace wall of the carbonization furnace 1 to the raw material M can be efficiently carried out by using the heating accelerator 12 as a medium, and further, the surface of the raw material M The carbonized layer can be forcibly removed by the heating accelerator 12, and the raw material M can be efficiently heated as a whole to efficiently perform the carbonization treatment.

Further, since the incinerator 2 for incinerating combustible and waste materials is used to heat the carbonization furnace 1 by the incineration heat, the amount of fuel is remarkably reduced as compared with the case where a dedicated incinerator is used. In addition to the fact that the raw material M can be efficiently heated as described above, the operating cost required for carbonizing the raw material M can be reduced.

Further, when a preheating device is provided in the return passage of the returning device 8 and the combustible gas contained in the dry distillation gas generated in the dry distillation furnace 1 is used as the fuel for the preheating device, the efficiency of heating the raw material is improved. It can be further promoted.

In the above embodiment, an incinerator is used as the combustion furnace 2 and its exhaust heat is used. However, this is not necessary, and the dedicated distillation furnace 2 can be used to heat the carbonization furnace 1.

The heating accelerator 12 may be returned to the raw material supply device 3 in a heated state. As the heat source, combustion heat of the combustion furnace 2 or heat of exhaust gas can be used, or a preheating device is provided in the return path of the return device 8,
The combustible gas separated by the condenser 7 can be heated by burning it with a preheating device. The combustible gas may be burned in the incinerator 2.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a principle structural diagram of a waste treatment device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural explanatory view showing a conventional carbonization device.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 carbonization furnace 2 combustion furnace 3 Raw material supply device 5 Main recovery device 6 residue collection device 7 capacitors 8 Return device 12 Heating accelerator 23 rotating screen 24 Separation tower 25 gas passage 31 screen M raw material C carbide S dry distillation residue

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A raw material supply device for supplying a raw material composed of organic solid waste into the dry distillation furnace is provided at one end of a rotary drum type dry distillation furnace, and the furnace of the dry distillation furnace is adjacent to the raw material supply device. A combustion furnace that heats the wall from the outside is provided, and a main recovery device that recovers the carbonization gas and the carbide generated in the carbonization furnace and the heating accelerator mixed in the raw materials is adjacent to the combustion furnace. It is provided so as to cover the outer surface of the carbonization furnace, a residue recovery device for recovering the carbonization residue is provided at the exit end of the carbonization furnace, and the main recovery device is a rotary screen that constitutes a part of the furnace wall of the carbonization furnace. And a separation column that covers the outer surface of the rotating screen and separates the carbonization materials and the heating accelerator from the dry distillation gas.The dry distillation gas is condensed at the discharge end of the gas passage that is extracted from the upper end of the separation tower to separate the gas and liquid. A condenser is installed to separate the Continuously at the lower end, a screen for separating the heating accelerator from the carbide, and a return device for returning the separated heating accelerator to the raw material supply device are provided, and the heating accelerator has a thermal conductivity higher than that of the raw material. A waste treatment device characterized in that it is formed of a granular material made of a high hard solid material. 2. The waste treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the combustion furnace is an incinerator for combustible waste. 3. A preheating device for heating the heating accelerator by combustion heat is provided in the return path of the returning device, and the gas separated by the condenser is fed to the preheating device through the passage. The waste treatment device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that. 4. The heating accelerator is formed of metal, stone or ceramic particles.
The waste treatment device according to 2 or 3.