JPH0523067A - Method for breeding plant belonging to new variety of pumpkin for root stock eliminated in occurrence of bloom of cucumber - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To carry out breeding of a plant belonging to new series of pumpkin for rootstock eliminated in occurrence of bloom of cucumber regardless of change in weather and amount of solar light by mating specific fixed lines as parents. CONSTITUTION:Pepo pumpkin is used as father and Japanese pumpkin based C. moschata is used as mother and these parents are mated and further C. moschata is subjected to back cross and the progeny is subjected to self- propagation and successively subjected to individual selection and the resultant fixed lines are mated as parents to carry out breeding of a plant belonging to new series of pumpkin for rootstock eliminated in occurrence of bloom of cucumber.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for breeding a plant belonging to a new cultivar of squash used as a rootstock for cultivating cucumber and the like.

[0002]

2. Prior Art Cucumber is cultivated by grafting with squash as a rootstock in order to avoid continuous cropping disorders such as downy mildew and wilt disease.

[0003]

According to the conventional growing method, cucumber has a drawback that white powder (bloom) is likely to appear on the surface of fruits. This physiological disorder occurs frequently in the summer, and when it occurs, the green luster of the cucumber is lost and the commercial value is reduced. For this reason, various studies have been conducted on the suppression of bloom generation, and it has been recognized that a strong Shinwa squash rootstock suppresses bloom generation (Toyama Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station Research Report Mieko Matsumoto No. 11 P29-35 1980). Year).

However, according to the strong Shinwa squash rootstock, although the occurrence of bloom is suppressed, the climate (temperature,
In Japan, where the occurrence of blooms fluctuates due to changes in humidity) and seasons (sunlight dose), and in which the four seasons change drastically, it is not possible to cultivate cucumbers with suppressed blooms throughout the year. It was impossible, and there was a problem that it could not be stably supplied to the market as cucumber with suppressed blooming.

The present invention was made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is a plant belonging to a new cultivar of squash, which is used as a rootstock for cultivating cucumber, and which has a climate change and a sun. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for breeding a plant belonging to a new cultivar of squash for rootstock, in which blooming of cucumber does not occur irrespective of fluctuations in light intensity.

[0006]

Means for Solving the Problems A method for breeding a new melon cultivar used as a rootstock for cultivating cucumbers of the present invention is as follows. Mating Moscata as a mother, and then C. Backcross the moscata,
The present invention is characterized in that the subsequent generations are selfed, and then fixed lines obtained by solid selection are crossed as parents, and the above object was achieved by this constitution.

The present invention will be described in detail below. << Process of Breeding >> Breeding of the new variety of the present invention was carried out at the Asuka breeding farm of the applicant of the present invention from 1968 to 1986. First of all, C. of the Japanese squash system. Moscata (friendship)
B was the mother, and Pepe pumpkin-type gold thread pumpkin A was the father, and cross-pollination was performed to obtain the first hybrid ABF ₁ . C. Commercially available "friendship" (brand name, Nantes Seed Co., Ltd. breeding and sales) is used as moscata, and "Kawa" (brand name, as product name,
Nantes Seedling Co., Ltd.) was used. The yield was 4 grains by crossing about 20 flowers.

[0008] This ABF ₁ and the parental B above were backcrossed 3 times from the following year. This is schematically shown below. The yield was 2 grains of AB ₄ F ₄ .

[0009] Selection began on the condition that there are many seeds in the fruit from 1974, and in 1981, the collection amount of 3 lines among them was about 60 to 70% of that of Japanese squash, and the F of the line combination was found. ₁ was collected.

AB ₄ F ₄ (self-pollination) ... AB ₇ F ₇ (variety C) Since individual variation in seed content has occurred since this generation, when self-fertilizing cultivar C, the direction in which there are many seeds Then, 2 strains D and E were selected under the condition that the vines and leaves grow hard, and the third generation of the hybrid was obtained by selfing. Here, the characteristics of D and E were as follows.

Characteristic of D: The shape of the seed is a color close to white, the suture line is light brown, and the hypocotyl is dark green at the time of cotyledon development, and is mid-length. The true leaves grow hard and the petiole is in the standing direction. The leaves have few white spots and the hairs are hard. The roots are thin and deep-rooted. This is D ₁ -D
Fixed to ₂ .

Characteristic of E: The vigor was strong, the vines were well elongated, and the leaves were selected by a standing line.
The content of seeds was extremely small and was 20 to 30 grains. At this point, the shape of the seeds was a highly fixed and stable egg-shaped white-yellow color, and the suture line had a characteristic of Japanese-type with browning.

The D ₂ and E ₂ thus obtained are both new varieties and have the following characteristics. ◎ Characteristic of D ₂ Fruit is 300-500 g, and female flowers often develop even in a little sunshine, and female flowers generally grow in the 5th to 6th nodes, the 1st to 2nd nodes of the grand vine in the good growing season. It is a variety and the fruit has pale green spots on the yellow background in the early stage, browns with maturation and matures within 45 days after flowering, the seeds are oval and close to white, but the suture line is pale brown, and The density is 40 to 50 grains at 10 m.

◎ Characteristic of E ₂ The fruit is 300 to 500 g and is initially pale yellow, but browns as it matures, and the amount of seeds in one fruit is extremely small. The average amount of seed is 50 to 80 grains and the density is 10 m. Inside and outside the grain, the vigor is strong, and the vine is upright and grows hard. Then, the D ₂ and E ₂ were crossed as parents to obtain a new variety F ₁ of the present invention, which is the first hybrid.

The new variety F ₁ thus obtained has finer roots, deeper roots and firmer roots than New Tosa, and black roots, and has high disease resistance, and seeds are smaller than New Tosa (per 1d). 38
It is distributed in 0 to 500 grains, but most of them are about 450 grains), and it is yellowish brown. Also, the germ is thinner than that of Shintosa, and the cotyledons are small. As a result of testing the new variety of the present invention as a rootstock of watermelon, melon, cucumber, etc., it was found that the fruit of the cucumber was not bloomed and the fruit had a clear luster and was highly commercialized. The characteristics of the new variety of the present invention including other characteristics are summarized below. 《Characteristics of new cultivar F ₁ 》 Medium vegetation Medium seed size Small (380-500 grains / 1d) Seed coat color Milky gray to yellow-brown Seed coat condition Cotyledon shape Ellipse Cotyledon size Small Cotyledon color Dark green Hypocotyl length Short (3.5 cm) Hypocotyl thickness Fine (0.3 cm) Hypocotyl cavity Small (Cavity is extremely thin) Grass shape Vine Vine thickness (1.3 to 1.5 cm) Internode length Medium (15 to 20 cm) Some more side branches (5 to 6 vines) Leaf shape Corner leaf notched Middle leaf size Small petiole length Short (20 to 25 cm) Leaf color Green leaf white spotless root Burial Seeding-Female flowering day (April 45 days) Seeding-Male flowering day (〃 40 days) Low nodularity (2 vines) Flowering-short harvesting day (45 days for seeding) Sowing-early harvesting day (90 days in spring) Fruit shape Bottom thick cylindrical shape (Fig. 1) Fruit tip shape Flat fruit base shape Sphere Fruit size small (average 600 g) Fruit surface size Flower drop size Length of small peduncle Length (15cm) Thickness of small peduncle Thin (1.7cm) Ground color of fruit surface Light brown Fruit Pattern Light pale brown spots Medium flesh thickness Medium flesh color Dark yellow Fruit quality Viscous (hard) Storability High low temperature resistance High temperature resistance High moisture resistance High moisture resistance High grafting affinity Cucumber, Melon (Cucumber (Fruit has a strong luster and no bloom is generated.) Nematode resistance Strong female petal size Medium male petal size Medial ground color (immature stage) Gray white Many cucumber varieties over 3 years from 1982 to 1983, with 3 rootstock varieties and roots It was raised in a total of 4 wards. In this way, we tested many of the varieties of spikelets, and all of them have good affinity, and compared to other rootstocks (Shintosa, black cultivar, own root), there is no blooming, and cucumber with high commercial value Was obtained.

[0016] As for yield (above ground), other rootstocks
There was no difference. Also, a new variety F₁Of the parents above
D₁Than D₂D obtained at the same time₂'Is E ₂Has the same characteristics as
In some cases, in this case E₂Instead of as a mother
D₂'Can also be used. 《Experimental example 1》 White bonito mated as cucumber in 1982
Using a healthy green species, 1 ward is F according to the present invention₁Seed as rootstock (
(Figs. 2 and 4) 2nd Ward is New Tosa and 3rd Ward is Black Seed (Fig. 3)_,Four
It is assumed that the ward is rooted without rootstock, and the growing conditions are
Early-ripening cultivation is planted in early April and harvested in June-July.
May-planting for planting makie, harvesting in July-August
Grafted in July, harvested from September to October. In addition, the training of this year
Only the precocious cultivation was used, and the number of strains in each ward was 10.Figure 5 shows the state of cucumber obtained in the 1st to 3rd wards.
The group in the center of FIG. 5 uses the present invention as a rootstock (first
Ward), the group on the right is Shintosa as rootstock (2nd ward), left
The group of is a rootstock of black species (3rd ward)
When Akira is used as a rootstock, there is no bloom, and
Cucumber with a strong luster on the fruit was obtained. << Experimental Example 2 >> Cucumber
Experimental example 1 except that the Nanto crossed quadruple was used as
The results shown in Table 2 were obtained in the same manner as in.

[0017] << Experimental Example 3 >> The results shown in Table 3 were obtained in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that Kaga Bushi was used as the cucumber. As described above, none of the cucumbers cultivated using F ₁ of the present invention as a rootstock produced blooms, and satisfactory results were obtained.

<Experimental Example 4> In 1983, an experiment was carried out by increasing the seeds of cucumber, growing conditions, and the number of strains in each ward. Table 4 shows the results when Shirabo Kengreen was used. << Experimental Example 5 >> The results shown in Table 5 were obtained in the same manner as in Experimental Example 4 except that various kinds of cucumber were used.

[0019] In the same manner, the experiments were also conducted on green, green, weeds, forcing cultivars and the like, and similar satisfactory results were obtained. There was no great difference in yield and disease resistance. Also, from 1984 to 1986, the number of strains per ward was increased to 300 to 500 and the same experiment was repeated, but satisfactory results were obtained.

<< Characteristics of new varieties and precautions for growing cucumbers >> I. Characteristics (1) Very little occurrence of fruit bloom. (2) The luster of the fruit is beautiful. (3) The fruit has a long shelf life.

(4) The seeds are small. 1d liter = 38
0 to 500, mostly 430 inside and outside. II. Seeding (1) The seed bed should have an appropriate amount of water (not too much). (2) The seeding interval should be wide. Sow at the same density as black seeds and Shintosa.

Since the seeds are small and thick seeding tends to occur,
Thinly seed. (3) Suitable temperature for germination is 23 to 28 ° C. (4) Seeding time Seeding should be carried out 2-3 days earlier than that of Shintosa. The number of days for raising seedlings should be shortened by about 5 days compared to black seeds and Shintosa.

(5) The watering is controlled to a lesser degree until the grafting, and a tightly-grown seedling is produced. III. Grafting (1) Nominal grafting (single-leaf cotyledonary growth point grafting) Since the axis is thin, nominal grafting is appropriate. The position of the graft should be as high as possible.

(2) Appropriate grafting period Approximately one week after sowing is preferable. The hypocotyl is difficult to grow, and there are almost no hollows, so the grafting period is wide. (3) Do not perform multiple irrigation after cutting the axis of the scion. IV. Planting (1) Secure a ground temperature of 12 ℃ and an air temperature of 10 ℃.

(2) The fixed planting is performed when 2.5 to 3 true leaves have appeared. (3) Do not plant deeply. (4) Tilt the seedlings and do not plant them. Make the stock stand upright. V. Fertilizer (1) Increase by 10 to 15% from the conventional one. It is better to increase fertilizer from basic fertilizer.

(2) Topdressing is carried out early and early while observing the weeds. (3) The initial training is a little slower than that of Shintosa rootstock, but there is no problem. VI. Control (1) Control of powdery mildew, downy mildew, etc. is the same as before. VII. Others (1) Dark green type is preferred for cucumber varieties. The semi-promoted-summer-autumn cultivation is best done with the cucumber, a healthy green variety of Nantes.

(2) It is recommended that the fruits (flowers) of the vines 6 to 7 are plucked early. Next, for comparison, the mother C. Tables 6 and 7 show the results of the grafting test of Moscata (“fellowship” pumpkin) and father's gold thread pumpkin (“Kawa” pumpkin). <Test method> Date March 10, 1977 Site Nantes Seed & Seed Co., Ltd. Asuka Breeding Farm Grafting March 25 Rootstock Parenting squash, Kawawa pumpkin Houki Shirobo Bojo green cucumber Table 6 and Table 6 As shown in Table 7, when cucumbers were grafted on the mother's intimate squashes and planted, they grew and harvested from mid-June, but there was no difference in bloom between Shintosa and other squash rootstocks. It was Further, in the grafting test of the father's strong squash squash, after the grafting work, the growth stopped at the first and second true leaves, and the plant died thereafter.

The term "no blooming" as used in the present invention means that the blooming cannot be visually confirmed.

[0029]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, a plant belonging to a new squash cultivar used as a rootstock for cultivating cucumber, which has no bloom regardless of changes in climate and changes in sunlight dose, has four seasons. In Japan, which is undergoing rapid changes, it is possible to grow cucumbers with suppressed blooming throughout the year, and it is possible to provide plants that can be stably supplied to the market as cucumbers with suppressed blooming. ..

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the morphology of plants belonging to a new root squash cultivar bred according to the present invention, showing in parallel the appearance and cross section of the fruits of the plant.

FIG. 2 is a photograph showing a state in which cucumbers are grafted on the same plant as a rootstock.

FIG. 3 is a photograph showing a state in which cucumber is grafted on a conventional black seedstock as a rootstock.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged photograph of the grass figure of FIG.

FIG. 5: Cucumbers obtained by using the above plants as rootstocks (center group), cucumbers obtained by using conventional Shintosa as rootstocks (right group), and conventional black seeds as rootstocks. It is a photograph for comparing the appearance of the obtained cucumber (left group).

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] April 19, 1991

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be corrected] Drawing

[Correction target item name] All drawings

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

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Claims (1)

[Claims] [Claim 1] C. of Japanese squash as a father of gold thread squash of Pepo squash family Mating Moscata as a mother, and then C. A plant belonging to a new squash cultivar for rootstocks, in which the occurrence of blooming cucumbers has been eliminated, which is characterized by backcrossing moscata, selfing the progeny, and then mating fixed lines obtained by solid selection as parents. Breeding method.