JPH0521B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION FIELD The present invention relates to ruminant feed additive granules containing physiologically active substances. More specifically, the present invention protects physiologically active substances administered by mixing them into feed etc. from the action of microorganisms present in the rumen of ruminants, and allows them to be digested and absorbed in the abomasum and beyond. The present invention relates to a feed additive granule for ruminants. In ruminant animals such as cows and sheep, many microorganisms live in the rumen, and by borrowing the action of microorganisms, components such as cellulose that cannot be digested by higher animals are utilized. However, when physiologically active substances such as amino acids and proteins are orally administered, most of them are degraded by microorganisms and lose their physiological activity, so they cannot be used effectively. Therefore, so-called rumen bypass granules, which do not dissolve in the rumen but are dissolved and absorbed in the abomasum and beyond, are important for the effective action of physiologically active substances on ruminants, and various granules have been developed in the past. It is used in fields such as feed, nutrients, and veterinary medicine. Conventional technology and its problems In rumen bypass granules for ruminants, active ingredients (physiologically active substances) are removed by microorganisms in the rumen.
In order to prevent the decomposition of active ingredients, conventional methods have been used to make active ingredients hydrophobic (Dairy Japan 31 (5)
1986, p42), or disperse the active ingredient in a protective substance such as beef tallow, which is insoluble in the rumen (Japanese Patent Publication No. 1986-
No. 1057) and a method of coating with a protective substance such as oil (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 175449/1983), but both have the disadvantage that digestion and absorption in the abomasum and beyond are not sufficiently carried out. As a measure to improve digestion and absorption in the abomasum and beyond, inorganic substances (calcium carbonate, etc.) that are insoluble in aqueous solutions in the neutral range (rumen-conditioned solution) and soluble in aqueous solutions in the acidic range (rumen-conditioned solution) (JP-A-60-156350, JP-A-60-168351), or substances that are stable under neutral conditions and disintegrate or elute under hydrochloric acid acidic conditions (cellulose derivatives, polyvinyl derivatives, nitrogen-containing polysaccharides, A method of surface-treating granules with metal salts of polysaccharides has been proposed (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 258112/1983), but the reality is that fully satisfactory granules have not yet been obtained. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a novel feed additive granule for ruminants that is difficult to dissolve in the rumen and can be reliably dissolved in the abomasum and beyond. Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors prepared core particles whose main component is a physiologically active substance to be administered to ruminants by coexisting a specific amino acid and a protective substance such as a substantially water-insoluble oil or fat. More preferably, granules coated with a coating layer containing water-insoluble and acid-soluble inorganic substances have the properties required for ruminant feed additives, that is, they are difficult to dissolve in the rumen, They discovered that it has a property of being easily dissolved in the stomach and beyond, and completed the present invention. That is, the present invention comprises a core particle containing a physiologically active substance as a main component, 2 to 50% by weight of one or a mixture of two or more hydrophobic amino acids, and 25 to 98% of a protective substance.
This is a feed additive granule for ruminants, which is coated with a coating layer containing a water-insoluble, acid-soluble inorganic substance, if desired. Physiologically Active Substance Constituting the Invention In the present invention, the physiologically active substance constituting the main component of the granules (core particles) is a substance useful as a nutritional source for ruminants and for preventing or treating diseases.
Specifically, the following may be mentioned. 1. Natural amino acids and derivatives: methionine, lysine, tryptophan, threonine, and other amino acids used as feed additives, N-acyl-amino acids, hydroxy homologues, amino acid hydrochlorides, ammonium salts, sodium salts, etc.; 2. Vitamins and derivatives: Vitamin A , vitamin A palmitate, vitamin A acetate, β-
Carotene, vitamin D (D ₂ , D ₃ , D ₄ ), vitamin E, sodium menadione bisulfate, B vitamins (thiamine, thiamine hydrochloride, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, calcium pantothenate, choline pantothenate, hydrochloric acid) pyridoxine, cyanocobalamin, biotin, folic acid, para-aminobenzoic acid), vitamin K, vitamin Q, vitamin F, vitamin C, etc.; 3. Enzymes: acidic protease, amylase, lipase and other effective enzymes; 4. Veterinary drugs: tetracyclines, Aminoglycosides, macrolide antibiotics, other polypeptides, polysaccharides and other pharmaceuticals, anthelmintic drugs such as Negufuon, piperazine salts, etc.; 5 Hormones: Estrodiene, stilbestrol, hexestrol, thyroprotein , goitolodiene, etc.; 6. Nutrient sources such as proteins and carbohydrates; 7. Effective microbial cells: yeasts including lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, and brewer's yeast; 8. various minerals. These physiologically active substances may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The core particles are granulated by granulating the physiologically active substance using a binder (wax-like substance or an aqueous solution of a water-soluble binder such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)).
Normal rolling granulation method, extrusion granulation method, fluidized granulation method,
This is carried out by a stirring granulation method or the like. Protective substances The protective substances used in the coating layer are poorly soluble or insoluble in near-neutral water and have a melting point of 40 to 110°C, and can be administered to animals as feed additives from among the substances listed below. Select and use substances that do not cause any problems, and substances that do not alter or react with physiologically active substances. 1 Hardened vegetable fat or animal fat wax, such as beef tallow, rice wax, wood wax, beeswax, canadilla wax, carnauba wax, lanolin, etc.; 2 Straight chain or wax having 14 to 22 carbon atoms Branched saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acids; 3 Sucrose esters, glycerin fatty acid esters (di, tri, mono), propylene glycol fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, etc. The content of these protective substances in the coating layer is 25 to 98% by weight, preferably 35 to 75% by weight.
It is. If it is less than 25% by weight, specific amino acids and the like will not be sufficiently attached to the coating layer, resulting in poor durability in the rumen. Moreover, if it is 98% by weight or more, the content of components (specific amino acids, inorganic substances) that control dissolution from the abomasum onwards is too small to be expected to be effective. Hydrophobic Amino Acids Amino acids inherently have the lowest solubility in water at their isoelectric point (near PH 6) and increase in solubility in acidic or alkaline regions. Therefore, it has the property of being difficult to dissolve in the neutral range of rumen conditions and easy to dissolve in the acidic range of abomasum conditions, but if left as is, it will be decomposed in the rumen. The present inventors investigated the hydrophobic isoleucine (Ile), leucine (Leu), tryptophan (Trp), phenylalanine (Phe), and methionine (Met) among the amino acids that make up the proteins of living organisms that do not cause problems in feeding. , tyrosine (Tyr), asparagine (Asn), glutamine (Gln), cysteine (Cys), cystine (Cys−
We found that when Cys) or histidine (His) coexists with the above-mentioned protective substances, they are not decomposed in the rumen, but are reliably dissolved in the abomasum and beyond, making them suitable as a coating layer for ruminant granules. . All of the above hydrophobic amino acids are preferred, but
Particularly preferred are methionine, tyrosine, leucine, cysteine, and cystine. The above-mentioned hydrophobic amino acids are used alone or in a mixture of two or more at a content of 2 to 50% by weight, preferably 10 to 20% by weight in the coating layer. If it is less than 2% by weight, there is a problem in dissolution from the abomasum onwards.
Moreover, if it exceeds 50% by weight, durability in the rumen becomes insufficient. In addition to protective substances and amino acids, the inorganic coating layer may optionally contain substances that are stable under neutral (PH = 6 to 8) conditions in the rumen, but under acidic (PH = 3) conditions in the abomasum and beyond.
An inorganic substance that disintegrates or elutes under the following conditions may be used as desired. Examples of the inorganic substance include one or a mixture of two or more of magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium phosphate, and calcium pyrophosphate, preferably magnesium oxide or a mixture containing magnesium oxide. is used. The content of inorganic substances in the coating layer is 0 to 70% by weight,
Preferably it is 30 to 50% by weight. Coating method In the present invention, the coating of the feed additive granules for ruminants is carried out by coating core particles containing a physiologically active substance as a main component with an amino acid and, if desired, an inorganic substance using oil as a binder. It is done by twisting. For example, above the melting point of fats and oils, preferably melting point +5
Using a granulator kept at a temperature above ℃, oil is added in powder form to the core particles, or oil is added in a pre-melted state, preferably by spraying, while at the same time finely powdered amino acids and, if desired, inorganic substances are added. This is done by adding. The thickness of the coating layer depends on the content of amino acids and inorganic substances in the coating layer, but it is usually sufficient to have a thickness of about 30 μm or more so that the surface of the core particles is completely covered. Effects of the Invention The feed additive granules for ruminants of the present invention consist of a core particle containing a physiologically active substance as a main component, a hydrophobic amino acid, a protective substance, and optionally an inorganic substance that is insoluble in a neutral region and soluble in an acidic region. It is difficult to dissolve in the rumen, but reliably dissolves in the abomasum and beyond, making it possible to effectively administer physiologically active substances to ruminants. Examples The present invention will be described below with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples. Example 1 1500 g of methionine, 500 g of tricalcium phosphate [Ca ₃ (PO ₄ ) ₂ ], and 400 g of beef tallow were placed in a stirrer-type granulator, and the product temperature was brought to 70°C using a jacket of warm water.
Granulation was carried out for 25 minutes. Put 700g of 12-32 meshes of the obtained particles into a coater and add methionine (7μ).
A mixture of 35 g and 70 g of magnesium oxide was coated with 105 g of hot melted beef tallow to obtain granules of the present invention. The granules were placed in a nylon bag and immersed in the rumen of a cow fitted with rumen fistula for 24 hours, then taken out and analyzed for residual methionine to measure rumen dissolution. In addition, the residual rate of methionine in cow feces collected for 96 hours after oral administration of the granules was analyzed, and the residual rate after the rumen was measured. As a result, the rumen dissolution rate was 9.4.
%, and the persistence after the rumen was 0%. Example 2 Put 1700g of lysine and 810g of beef tallow into a granulator, and check the product temperature.
Granulation was carried out at 70°C for 40 minutes. 12 ~ of the resulting particles
700 g of 32 mesh was placed in a coater, and 30 g of tyrosine (20μ) was coated with 140 g of hot melted beef tallow to obtain granules. When this granule was subjected to the same test as in Example 1, the rumen dissolution was
The persistence after 20.2% rumen was 0%. Comparative Examples 1 to 3 Granules without coating in Example 1 (Comparative Example 1), Granules without coating in Example 2 (Comparative Example 2), and Example 1
In Example 1, granules coated only with beef tallow (Comparative Example 3) were prepared.
A similar test was conducted and the results shown in the table below were obtained.

[Table] Example 3 Choline chloride 1400g, calcium carbonate 900g, beef tallow
400g was placed in a granulator and granulated for 40 minutes at a temperature of 70°C. 12-32 meshes 900g of the resulting particles
was placed in a coater, and a mixture of 90 g of leucine (10μ) and 90 g of magnesium carbonate was coated with 175 g of hot melted beef tallow to prepare granules. This granule was subjected to the same test as in Example 1, and the rumen dissolution rate was 33.3%, and the rumen persistence was 0%. Example 4 1500 g of methionine, 500 g of calcium carbonate, 50 g of cellulose fiber (trade name KC Flock W-100; manufactured by Sanyo Kokusaku Pulp Co., Ltd.), and 400 g of beef tallow were granulated at 70° C. using an agitating granulator. The obtained particles are sieved and 12~
1000 g of 32 mesh was placed in a coater and coated at 55°C with 150 g of hot melted beef tallow containing 50 g of glutamine (7 μ) and 100 g of magnesium hydroxide. The rumen solubility of the obtained glutamine-coated methionine granules was as low as 12.4%, as shown below, and was durable, and completely dissolved in the abomasum. Rumen dissolution (24 hour immersion) 12.4% Residue after the abomasum 0% Example 5 1400 g of choline chloride, 400 g of magnesium oxide, 400 g of talc, and 400 g of beef tallow were mixed using a stirrer-type granulator.
Granulation was carried out at ℃. Of the obtained particles, 1000 g of 8 to 20 meshes were placed in a coater, and a mixture of 75 g of tryptophan (15μ) and 75 g of magnesium oxide was coated with 150 g of hot melted beef tallow.
This granule, which is a choline granule coated with tryptophan, has a ruminal solubility of 20% as shown below.
%, which was good and was completely dissolved in the abomasum. Rumen dissolution (24-hour immersion) 20.0% Persistence after the abomasum 0% Example 6 1500 g of threonine, 500 g of calcium carbonate, 50 g of cellulose fiber, and 400 g of beef tallow were stirred and granulated at 70°C by a melting method. Put 1000g of the obtained particles of 8 to 20 mesh into a coater, and heat-melt beef tallow with a mixture of 50g of phenylalanine (10μ), 50g of magnesium oxide, and 50g of dibasic calcium phosphate.
Coated with 150g. The performance of the obtained threonine granules coated with phenylalanine was as shown below, and the rumen dissolution rate was 11%, which was quite durable, and the survival rate after the abomasum was 7.8%. Rumen dissolution (24 hour immersion) 11.0% Persistence beyond the abomasum 7.8%

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A core particle containing a physiologically active substance as a main component, 2.
A feed additive granule for ruminants, characterized in that it is coated with a coating layer containing 50% by weight and 25 to 98% by weight of a protective substance. 2. The ruminant feed additive granules according to claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic amino acid is isoleucine, leucine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, methionine, tyrosine, asparagine, glutamine, cysteine, cystine, or histidine. .