JPH02295438A - Feed pellet for milk secretion and and method for using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the subject pellets, containing calcium salt of a fatty acid and corn gluten meal at a specific ratio, excellent in pellet moldability and palatability and suitable for improving physical constitution of ruminants before and after delivery thereof. CONSTITUTION:The objective pellets containing 30-50% calcium salt of a fatty acid and 50-20% corn gluten meal based on the total weight of the pellets for feeds and suitably a feed assistant. Furthermore, the calcium salt of the fatty acid is preferably calcium palmitate or oleate. The resultant pellets are fed to ruminants for 100 days before and after delivery thereof.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention provides feed for ruminants, especially high-yielding dairy cows.
More specifically, lactation feed pellets containing 30 to 50% of fatty acid (naturally derived) calcium and 50 to 20% of corn gluten meal per 1 of the total weight of the feed pellets, and lactation feed pellets that are fed with good palatability to parturition. This article relates to a method for improving the constitution of anti-crocodile animals that improves disorders caused by lack of front and rear energy.

[Conventional technology]

High-yielding dairy cows use most of the energy from the feed they consume to produce milk. The energy balance between the milk produced and the feed ingested is important, and if there is a large difference between the energy consumed and the energy taken in by dairy cows, high-producing dairy cows, especially among dairy cows that are ruminants, will be affected during the early lactation period after calving. 60
Weight loss occurs during the day.

If the weight loss is large in the early stages of lactation, the milk production will rapidly decrease after the peak, and not only will milk productivity drop significantly, but it will also be difficult to conceive one month after calving, which is usually considered desirable for management reasons. At the same time, metabolic diseases such as ketosis and acidosis become more likely to occur. Furthermore, the content of milk fat, milk protein, etc. in milk decreases, and the added value of milk as a product decreases significantly. In order to eliminate these disorders, it is important to feed high-energy feed, but it is important to feed feed that does not impair the physiology unique to rumen animals, that is, the function of the rumen, but rather improves their constitution. It is necessary to pay.

Conventionally, as a high-energy feed, it has been considered to add fats and oils to the feed to replace the calorie source derived from carbohydrates. However, when the amount added to feed is increased, dissolved fats and free fatty acids may coat the surface of solid particles in the rumen due to their physical properties.
Furthermore, free fatty acids, especially unsaturated fatty acids, are toxic to microorganisms in the rumen, inhibiting fermentation in the rumen, especially the digestion of cellulose, and therefore, they have not been put to practical use. Therefore, as an alternative high-energy feed, fatty acid calcium (protected fat) (trade name: McHalac), which does not show activity in the rumen and can be scraped below the small intestine to improve digestibility, is recommended.
Agromedenok (1-grade) was considered. CFEED
iNG Vol. 27 No. 12 (1987) p36-39, F
IEEDING Vol. 27 No. 13 (1987) p34~
38)].

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

Premisox using fatty acid calcium is mainly commercially available in the Masosh type, but the fatty acid calcium itself has poor palatability, and therefore, there is a problem in that the feeding rate decreases when mixed with the mash type in compound feed.

On the other hand, since cows physiologically prefer pellet type to mash type, pellet supplements containing fatty acid calcium have been studied and commercially available. However, fatty acid calcium has poor pellet formability, and if the bulk of it is increased as fatty acid calcium for high-energy feed, pellet formability and physical properties will be affected, so it has been difficult to form pellets with a high fatty acid calcium content. Furthermore, although fatty acid calcium feeding increases milk yield and milk fat percentage, there is also the problem that milk protein (non-fat solid content) decreases.

Furthermore, feed with a high content of undegradable protein (UDP) in the rumen, which passes undegraded in the first rumen to the lower gastrointestinal tract and is digested and absorbed in the small intestine, provides energy for high-yielding dairy cows after calving. It is known to be very effective for filling deficiencies and preventing decreases in milk yield and non-fat solids content. However, when used in combination with fatty acid calcium, pellets with a high fatty acid calcium content could not be produced due to problems with pellet formability.

Generally, 400 to 500 g of fatty acid calcium should be fed per day for about 100 days before and after calving to high-yielding dairy cows.
It is preferable from the viewpoint of improving milk yield, milk fat percentage, and reducing body weight.

(FEED [NG, Vol. 27, No. 7 (1987) pl
63-pl66)). Normally, about 10 kg of compound feed is fed to lactating dairy cows along with roughage, and the formula is designed to compensate for deficiencies in not only the protein ratio but also vitamins, minerals, etc., but pellets containing fatty acid calcium are fed. The lower the fatty acid calcium content, the higher the pellet feeding rate, the lower the feeding rate of the staple compound feed, and the lower the non-fat solids content, causing various problems in formulation design. As described above, there was a demand for pellets with a high content of fatty acid calcium and UDP in terms of formulation design, but due to its physical properties, pellet milling was required to produce pellets whose main ingredients were feed with high fatty acid calcium and UDP contents. The molding machine ran idle or the extrusion holes were clogged, and the hardness and durability after molding were low, making it difficult to produce pellets that would be satisfactory as a commercial product.

As a result of examining various problems in formulation design, the present inventors found that when pellets with increased fatty acid calcium and UDP contents were fed to high-yielding dairy cows before and after calving, the non-fat solid content decreased. The present invention has been completed based on the discovery that high-yielding dairy cows can be protected from disorders caused by lack of energy, especially after calving, without causing any problems.

The purpose of the present invention is to form pellets with increased fatty acid calcium and UDP content in the pellets, and to feed the pellets to high-yielding dairy cows before and after calving with good palatability without reducing the non-fat solids content. An object of the present invention is to provide a feed pellet for lactating dairy cows, which protects high-yielding dairy cows from disorders caused by energy deficiency, and a method for improving the constitution of animals using the same.

[Means to solve the problem]

In the present invention, 30 to 50% of fatty acid calcium and 50 to 20% of corn gluten meal are added to the total weight of feed pellets.
% and appropriate feed additives to form pellets with increased fatty acid calcium and UDP contents in the pellets.

Furthermore, in the method for improving the constitution of the present invention, 30 to 50% of fatty acid calcium and 50 to 20% of corn gluten meal are fed to the ruminant before calving, preferably from immediately before to 100 days after calving, based on the total weight of feed pellets. To improve the constitution of lactating animals by preventing disorders due to lack of energy before and after parturition in lactating animals by feeding them alone or together with a compound feed containing lactating feed pellets containing feed additives as appropriate. .

When forming pellets, the pellets are formed with a moisture content of 10% or less using a granulator having an extrusion flower with a diameter of 2 to 10 mm. The obtained pellets have a moisture content of IO% or less and a diameter of 2 to 10%.
A beleft with excellent strength and durability of 1.5 mm is molded.

The present invention provides that even when a calcium salt of a fatty acid containing at least 35% of unsaturated fatty acids is used during pellet molding, the unsaturated fatty acids are not degraded and no discoloration or solidification occurs. To conveniently produce Peresol® with excellent strength and durability without clogging the press-out tag. The physical properties of the pellets are good, there is little deterioration during storage, the palatability is good, and the stability is good. If crocodile animals, especially high-yielding dairy cows, are fed preferably 1 kg per day, along with the staple feed during the period when there is a lack of energy after calving (approximately 100 days from before and after calving),
Without changing the formulation design, it is possible to prevent weight loss due to energy deficiency, decrease in milk yield, decrease in fat content and non-fat solid content in milk, increase in occurrence of ketosis, poor conception, etc.

The fatty acid calcium used in the present invention has a chemical structure (R
C O O) te a, and its constituent fatty acids include, for example, 8 or more carbon atoms, preferably 14 to 18 carbon atoms.
These include saturated and unsaturated intermediate to higher fatty acids. Examples of fatty acid calcium include beptonic acid (
C711,,,COOH), pelargonic acid (Cq H
+ q C O OH ), lauric acid ( C
+ + H t 3 C O○■{), myristic acid (
Cl 3 H 2? C O O H ), palmitic acid (C+sHs+COOI{), partolenic acid (CISH,.Cool-1), stearic acid (CI
7HxsCOOH'), oleic acid (C I?H
3 a C O OH ), linoleic acid (CI7
■■33COO■■), linoleic acid (CI71-13
ZCO01{), arachidic acid (CI, H39C O O
It is sufficient that the calcium salt of a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid such as 11> is contained, and fatty acid calcium derived from vegetable oil or animal fat may also be used. Calcium salts of fatty acids derived from palm oil, soybean oil, corn oil, and beef tallow are preferred. Particularly preferably, the fatty acids found in milk, such as myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmy-1-lenic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid, are preferably contained.

Because the fatty acid composition contains spines, it is derived from natural products.
Although the range is not fixed, using calcium salts of fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats that contain 35% or more of unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid in the fatty acid composition improves the fatty acid composition of produced milk. It is desirable in that respect.

In addition, the corn gluten meal of the present invention is, for example, one that has a high UDP content that is difficult to decompose in the rumen of a cow, and is usually made from cuttings that have been germinated after soaking the raw material when producing starch from corn. is finely ground, starch and protein are separated by sieving, and the protein fraction is dehydrated and dried.
Contains 5%.

In addition, feed aids can be added to the beresoto of the present invention depending on the purpose, and the purpose of addition may be done according to the purpose such as improving palatability, and is not limited in any way. These feed aids include, for example, artificial sweeteners, flavoring agents, aromatic flavoring agents, acidulants such as citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, and lactic acid, antibiotics such as polyether, probiotics,
Enzyme agent, lactulose, N-acetyllactosamine,
Bifidobacteria growth factors such as fructooligosaccharides, vitamins A, D2, D3, E, Kl, Kz, B+, Bz,
Bb, B+z, C, vitamins such as bantothenic acid, folic acid, biotin, nicotinic acid, choline, and inositol, amino acids such as glycine, methionine, tryptophan, lysine, alanine, isoleucine, and threonine, and magnesium sulfate, calcium carbonate, and magnesium carbonate. ,
Potassium iodide, calcium phosphate, sodium chloride,
Sodium citrate, potassium chloride, manganese carbonate, zinc carbonate, copper sulfate, cobalt sulfate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, calcium lactate, magnesium acetate, calcium gluconate, fumaric acid Add necessary salts or electrolytes such as iron, other coloring agents, preservatives, antioxidants, dextrin, gum arabic, binders such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium polyacrylic acid, etc. in appropriate combinations. Bye. Additionally, feed ingredients such as soybean meal, cottonseed meal, alfalfa, molasses, glucose, R
B), grain sorghum, wheat flour, bran, etc. may be added as appropriate.

Other feed ingredients with high UDP content, that is, materials that are difficult to decompose in the cow's rumen, include fish meal, grain sorghum, and maiguchi, which are distinguished from corn gluten meal [Japanese Feeding Standard Dairy Cattle (1987 edition) p4
4-p45].

Milo (a type of grain sorghum) and Dalene sorghum (Milo and Kolyang) have a high UDP ratio, but low crude protein (CP) and digestible protein (DCP).In comparison, fishmeal has a high UDP, CP, and DCP
Although it is expensive, it is easily deteriorated and has poor palatability. In addition, corn gluten feed is produced by soaking the raw material, pulverizing the degerminated seeds, and drying the outer fibrous part separated by sieving. A dry corn gluten field made by mixing appropriate amounts of concentrated corn soaking liquid, corn germ meal, and corn gluten meal has a crude protein content of approximately 20%.
% (15 to 25%) and crude fiber content of 6 to 10%, and although its feed value is not very high, it may be used as feed for ruminant animals, particularly cows. In these pellet compositions, 30 to 50% calcium fatty acids, 50 to 20% corn gluten meal, and appropriate feed additives are blended with respect to the total weight of the feed pellets, and the pellets are processed using a commercially available pellet mill, for example, CPM pellets. Using a mill, obtain a pellet with one end of about 2 to 10 mm and a moisture content of 10% or less. Furthermore, the pellets containing at least fatty acid calcium and corn gluten obtained in this way are administered alone or in combination to a ruminant animal, for example, at least 500 g, preferably about 1 kg per day per lactating cow, for 100 days before and after calving. All you have to do is feed it with a mixture of feed, etc.
There are no limitations on the method of ingestion.

〔Effect of the invention〕

The beleft of the present invention has good pellet formability and good palatability, so it has the characteristics that it can be fed quickly,
Furthermore, when fatty acid calcium in pellets, especially fatty acid calcium containing 35% or more of unsaturated fatty acid calcium salts, and Beleft, which has increased UDP content 1, are fed to high-yielding dairy cows before and after calving, the non-fat solid content can be reduced. weight loss due to lack of energy, decreased milk production,
It can protect high-yielding dairy cows from problems such as a decrease in fat and non-fat solids in milk, an increase in the occurrence of ketosis, and poor conception.Furthermore, the high content of calcium fatty acids means that less feeding is required. Moreover, it is possible to obtain beresoto with excellent hardness and durability after molding. moreover,
In the present invention, calcium salt of unsaturated fatty acid is 35%
Pellets having the above-mentioned fatty acid composition are also suitable for stably supplying unsaturated fatty acids.

〔Example〕

Specific examples of the present invention will be described in detail below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Calcium palmitate (moisture 5.2%) 40%, corn gluten meal (moisture 10%) 30%, corn gluten feed (moisture 11%) 10%, soybean meal (moisture 12%)
) was molded into pellets using a commercially available pellet mill molding machine (a pellet mill manufactured by CPM Co., Ltd. was used) with an extrusion hole diameter of 4.8 mm.

The obtained berent was in the form of pellets with a diameter of 4.8 mm, a moisture content of 7.4%, and a hardness (using a hardness tester manufactured by Kiya Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) of 4.
2 kg, perent durability (percentage based on Beresoto's durability test described in New Edition "Compound Feed" by Tetsuzaburo Nishikawa, Sangyo Tosho, published 1969, p. 204) was 95%, and the yield was 96%.

1 operation 1 Calcium oleate (moisture 5.4%) 40%, corn gluten meal (moisture 10%) 30%, corn gluten feed (moisture 11%) lO%, soybean meal (moisture 12%)
20% was molded into pellets in a Veresoto mill similar to that used in Example 1.

The obtained beresoto has a bereft shape with a diameter of 4.8mm, a moisture content of 7.3%, a hardness of 4.1kg, and a pellet/7to durability of 94%.
The yield was 95%.

Acute ± umiristic acid (C.4) 1. s%, palmitic acid (
CI6) 44.0%, stearic acid (CI8) s. o%
, oleic acid (C+s:+) 4 0 . 0 9
/o, commercially available fatty acid calcium [trade name manufactured by Megalac Agromedic Co., Ltd.] consisting of 9.5% linoleic acid (C.8.2) (6% moisture) 40%, corn gluten meal (10% moisture) 30%, 10% corn gluten feed (moisture 11%) and 20% soybean meal (moisture 12%) were molded into Bereno 1 in a pellet mill molding machine similar to that used in Example 1.

The obtained pellet 1 was in the form of a pellet with a diameter of 4.8 mm, a moisture content of 8.0%, a hardness of 4.0 kg, and a pellet durability of 94%.
The yield was 95%.

Castane ■↓ 50% of the commercially available fatty acid calcium of Example 3, 25% of corn gluten meal, 15% of corn gluten feed, and 10% of bran were molded into pellets using the same veresotomil molding machine as used in Example 1.

The obtained beresoto was in the form of pellets with a diameter of 4.8 mm, a moisture content of 7.5%, a hardness of 3.5 kg, a pellet durability of 91%, and a yield of 92%.

1 application 1 procedure Example 3 commercially available fatty acid calcium 35%, corn gluten meal 15%, molasses 3%, probiotic 0.05%, vitamin 7A (500,000 units/g) powder powder o. oool% (0.1
g), vitamin D: l (500,000 units/g) powder o. o
oooi%, Vitamin 7E (50%) powder 0.0003%
, sulfuric acid co)"OLz} 0.0005% and the remaining amount of soybean meal were molded into pellets using a commercially available pellet mill molding machine (using a CPM pellet mill) with an extrusion hole diameter of 3.1 mm. .

The obtained pellets were in the shape of a bereft with a diameter of 3.1 mm, a moisture content of 8.3%, a hardness of 3.9 kg, and a pellet durability of 93%.
The yield was 92%.

The same composition as in Example 3 was molded into pellets with an extrusion hole diameter of 6.3 mm.

The obtained beresoto was in the form of pellets with a diameter of 6.3 mm, a moisture content of 7.8%, a hardness of 3.2 kg, a pellet durability of 91%, and a yield of 95%.

Commercially available fatty acid calcium 4 similar to that used in Example 3
0%, Fishmeal (Whitefish Meal) (Cl”
'65%) 30%, corn gluten feed 10%, and soybean meal 20% were added to the Bereso 1-
Pellets were molded using a mill molding machine.

The obtained pellets had a diameter of 4.3 mm, a moisture content of 9.2%, a hardness of 2.9 kg, a pellet durability of 86%, and a yield of 89%.

20 kg each of these pellets and the beresoto obtained in Example 3 were placed in a crust bag and stored in a feed store for 2 months. As a result, the pellets obtained in Example 3 showed no change even after one month, and the palatability of the dairy cows did not change, but the pellets obtained in Reference Example 1 had an oxidized odor, and the dairy cows did not like the pellets. I didn't eat it.

Tips: Bereft containing 30% corn gluten meal obtained in Example 3 and Beresoto containing 30% fish meal obtained in Reference Example 1 obtained by using fish meal in place of the corn gluten meal of Example 3. , conducted a palatability test. The palatability test was carried out by the feeding rate method described in Animal Nutrition Testing Methods, published by Yokendo, supervised by Hiroshi Morimoto, pages 184-185.

The test feed was the two types of Pereso T-1 freshly prepared above.
1 kg each was mixed with 5 kg of a commercially available compounded feed [High Flake 18 (Gentian) for dairy cows, manufactured by Japan Compounded Feed@], and fed to each of 5 dairy cows of approximately equal weight who were about 1 month old after calving. Feeding speed was measured.

As shown in Table 1, the eating time of Beresoto containing 30% corn gluten meal was much shorter than that of pellets containing 30% fish meal, and the palatability was superior.

Table 1 Feeding time Table 2 Feeding time 77 shlkg of the beresoto obtained in Example 3 and the mixture of Example 3 were sprinkled on 5 kg of commercially available mixed feed, and 5 kg of approximately the same weight at about 1 month after calving was prepared. were fed to dairy cows and their feeding speed was measured.

As shown in Table 2, the feeding time was shorter in the pellet group than in the Manosh group, and the palatability was superior.

Herd of 20 cows (Holstein) scheduled to calve (3 births) 2
Divide into groups, and one group receives 1 commercially available mixed feed along with roughage.
0 kg of the pellets obtained in Example 3 were mixed with 0 kg of the pellets, and the mixture was fed from 5 days before scheduled delivery to 90 days after delivery. The other group was fed 11 kg of commercially available mixed feed only. Then, for 90 days after calving, milk yield, milk fat percentage, and non-fat solid content were examined.

As shown in Table 3, the milk yield and milk fat percentage increased in the Beresoto-containing fed group obtained in Example 3, and no decrease in nonfat solid content was observed, indicating that the group fed Beresoto in Example 3 suffered from problems due to lack of energy after calving. was not seen.

Incidentally, even if fatty acid calcium alone was mixed with a compound feed and fed in the same manner, a decrease in non-fat solid content was observed, and the commercial value of the milk was inferior.

Table 3 Milk production results Table 4 Long-term storage results Bereso 1 obtained in Example 3 was packaged in a three-layered crust,
It was stored in a storage room at room temperature for 21 months. The results were as shown in Table 4. Water was lost over time, but there was no hygroscopicity.

Claims (12)

[Claims] (1) A feed pellet for lactation containing 30 to 50% of fatty acid calcium and 50 to 20% of corn gluten meal based on the total weight of the feed pellet, and containing appropriate feed additives. (2) The feed pellet for lactation according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid calcium is a calcium salt of one or more saturated fatty acids selected from the group consisting of saturated fatty acids having at least 8 carbon atoms. (3) The feed pellet for lactation according to claim 2, wherein the calcium salt of saturated fatty acid is calcium palmitate. (4) The feed pellet for lactation according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid calcium is a calcium salt of one or more unsaturated fatty acids selected from the group consisting of unsaturated fatty acids having at least 8 carbon atoms. (5) The feed pellet for lactation according to claim 4, wherein the calcium salt of unsaturated fatty acid contains at least 35% or more of calcium salt of unsaturated fatty acid in the calcium fatty acid. (6) The feed pellet for lactation according to claim 5, wherein the calcium salt of unsaturated fatty acid is a composition containing a calcium salt of unsaturated fatty acid derived from vegetable oil or animal fat. (7) The feed pellet for lactation according to claim 5, wherein the calcium salt of unsaturated fatty acid is calcium oleate. (8) The feed pellet for lactation according to claim 1, wherein the pellet has a moisture content of 10% or less and has a diameter of at least 2 to 10 mm at one end. (9) For ruminants before and 100 days after parturition, 30 to 50% fatty acid calcium should be added to the total weight of feed pellets.
A method for improving the physical condition of ruminants before and after parturition, which comprises feeding lactating feed pellets containing 50 to 20% of corn gluten meal and appropriate feed additives, either alone or together with the feed. (10) The method for improving physical condition according to claim 9, wherein at least 500 g of lactating feed pellets are fed per animal per day. (11) Improvement in physical condition can be achieved through recovery of weight loss, recovery of decrease in milk production, recovery of decrease in fat content in milk, recovery of decrease in non-fat solid content, prevention or improvement of ketosis, and improvement of poor conception. 10. The method for improving physical constitution according to claim 9, wherein the method is for improving a disorder caused by one or more types of energy deficiency selected from the group consisting of: (12) The method for improving physical condition according to claim 9, wherein the ruminant is a dairy cow.