JPH05217854A - Method and apparatus for illumination and projection aligner - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To optimally and effectively illuminate a variety of patterns by focusing light projected from a exposure light source to apply it to one incidence plane of a bundle of optical fibers and branching the bundle to form a plurality of smaller bundles of optical fibers. CONSTITUTION:Light, projected from a mercury-arc lamp 24, is reflected by an ellipsoidal mirror 25 and then a wavelength selective mirror 26. The light then goes through a lens 21 and enters an end plane A-A' of a bundle 1 of optical fiber. A large number of optical fibers are bundled at its plane A-A' of incidence. The bundle of the optical fibers is branched into a plurality of smaller bundles at a specific distance away from the plane of incidence. A mechanism 10 is provided to control and vary the relative positions of the ends of a plurality of the smaller bundles on the exit plane B-B; of the optical fibers. This obtains a desired directivity and distribution of illumination light.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for exposure illumination used in a semiconductor projection type exposure apparatus, etc. The present invention relates to a projection-type exposure apparatus, an illumination method, and an illumination apparatus that control the directivity of illumination light in accordance therewith and enable pattern exposure and pattern detection in an optimum state.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The pattern miniaturization of semiconductor integrated circuits has advanced to the extent that the pattern width close to the wavelength of light is approached. A method using X-rays or electron beams has been developed as an exposure method instead of light, but mass production is inferior to optical exposure, which can expose a large number of integrated circuit chips in a short time, in a memory that is in high demand, and it is inexpensive. It is difficult to mass-produce large amounts of memory. Under these circumstances, in recent years, a pattern shifter is provided in a pattern on a mask or reticle used in a conventional i-line reduction projection exposure apparatus (i-line stepper), and the pattern resolution is higher than that of a conventional reticle that has been conventionally used. The development of technology that greatly improves Further, even if such a special reticle is not used, the method disclosed in JP-A-61-91
As described in No. 662, the illumination light illuminating the reticle is formed into an annular shape on the entrance pupil of the reduction projection lens, and the high spatial frequency component of the reticle transmitted light passes through the entrance pupil of the exposure imaging lens. By doing so, the development of a technique for improving the resolution of the pattern is under way.

[0003]

When attempting to use such a resolution improving method, if the conventionally used semiconductor exposure apparatus (i-line stepper) is used as it is, the illumination directivity of the illumination light for illuminating the reticle can be improved. The so-called σ value (σ
There is a problem that the ratio of the spread of the illumination light on the pupil to the pupil diameter of the exposure imaging lens does not match the σ value that indicates the illumination directivity that is optimal in the above resolution improving method.

An object of the present invention is to easily select and control the illumination light that is optimal for various resolution improving methods and solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art without wasting the exposure light emitted from the exposure light source. It is an object of the present invention to provide a projection type exposure apparatus, an illumination method and an illumination apparatus which can be used.

[0005]

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is directed to an exposure light source and the light emitted from the exposure light source so that the light emitted from the exposure light source is applied to a mask or reticle. An illumination optical system including an optical fiber comprising a plurality of optical fibers having an incident surface and a plurality of small optical fiber bundles branched from the optical fiber bundle and having an emitting surface. And a projection exposure system for projecting light, which is illuminated by the illumination optical system and transmitted through the mask or reticle, onto the object to be exposed as a pattern image of the mask or reticle. That is, the present invention is, in a projection type exposure apparatus, collecting light emitted from an exposure light source and irradiating the light on one incident surface of an optical fiber bundle portion in which a plurality of optical fibers are bundled, and branching the optical fiber bundle portion into a plurality of portions. The illumination optical system is configured to have a small bundle of small optical fibers. Moreover, when the light emitted from the plurality of small optical fiber bundles of the optical fiber is applied to the irradiation target object of the mask or reticle, the relative positions of the emission surfaces of the plurality of small optical fiber bundles can be controlled.

Further, a columnar mirror having a symmetry axis parallel to the normal to the incident end face of the optical fiber and having a mirror surface whose surface has a high reflectance for exposure light is incident on the symmetric axis. The light emitted from the light source can be made to enter the incident end face of the optical fiber bundle in a ring-shaped manner by arranging the end face so as to substantially coincide with the center of the outer shape.
Alternatively, a transparent object that has a rotational symmetry axis parallel to the normal line of the incident end face and has a concave straight line cut by a plane including the normal line is arranged near the incident end face, and the light emitted from the light source is transmitted through the optical fiber bundle. It is possible to make the light incident on the entrance end face in a ring shape. If the exit end of the optical fiber illuminated in a ring shape at the entrance end does not come to the center of the exit end of the small fiber bundle, the ring illumination light can be obtained from the exit end. Further, the columnar mirror and the transmissive object having a concave straight line can be automatically inserted and removed in the vicinity of the incident end face of the optical fiber.

With respect to a light source having high coherence and directivity, such as an excimer laser, the length of each optical fiber of the optical fiber bundle is adjusted according to the coherence between the positions of the cross section of the laser beam. By changing the length,
It is possible to change the optical path length, reduce the coherence of the irradiation light obtained from the emission end, and obtain uniform illumination light. Also, when a highly directional laser beam is incident on the incident end face of the fiber bundle, this incident end face is divided into multiple parts, and at each part the incident angle with respect to the incident laser light is made different It is possible to set the directivity of the irradiation light emerging from the end to the desired directivity required for illumination.

That is, according to the present invention, the light emitted from the light source is collected and applied to one end face of the optical fiber bundle in which a plurality of optical fibers are bundled, and the other end face of the optical fiber bundle is a plurality of small ones. A plurality of small optical fibers of a bundle-a plurality of small optical fibers of a bundle configured to control the relative position of each end face of the bundle to receive the light emitted from the plurality of small optical fibers. It is characterized by irradiating an illumination object. Further, according to the present invention, the number of the plurality of small optical fiber bundles is 5 or more, and the end face thereof is in a desired plane, and the movement of the end face due to the control of the relative position is in the desired plane. It is characterized by being done along. Further, the present invention is characterized in that the relative positions of the plurality of small optical fibers-bundles are controlled simultaneously by one drive system. Further, the present invention is characterized in that the relative position of each small optical fiber-end face of the bundle is changed in a similar manner by controlling the relative positions of the plurality of small optical fibers-bundle. Further, according to the present invention, by controlling the relative positions of the plurality of small optical fibers-bundles, the relative position of each small optical fiber-bundle end face is one point on the surface formed by the plurality of small optical fibers-bundle end faces. It is characterized by a radial change in the center. According to the present invention, the incident end face which is one end face of the optical fiber bundle has a circular or substantially regular outer shape, and has a symmetry axis near the incident end face and parallel to a normal line of the incident end face. Then, a columnar mirror whose surface is a mirror surface having a high reflectance with respect to the illumination light is arranged so that the axis of symmetry substantially coincides with the center of the outer shape of the incident end face, and the light emitted from the light source is supplied to the optical fiber. -It is characterized in that the light is made incident on the entrance end face of the bundle in a ring-shaped manner with high light utilization efficiency. Further, the present invention is characterized in that the columnar mirror can be automatically inserted and removed in the vicinity of the incident end face of the optical fiber. Further, according to the present invention, the incident end face which is one end face of the optical fiber bundle has a circular or substantially regular outer shape, and a rotation symmetry axis near the incident end face and parallel to a normal line of the incident end face. And a transparent object having a concave straight line cut in a plane including the normal line is arranged, and the light emitted from the light source is incident on the incident end face of the optical fiber bundle with a high light utilization efficiency in an annular shape. It is characterized by Further, the present invention is characterized in that the transparent object can be automatically inserted and removed in the vicinity of the incident end face of the optical fiber. Further, the present invention is
The incident end face which is one end face of the optical fiber bundle is made of a material having a high light reflectance between the light transmitting portions of each optical fiber, and heat generation due to absorption of light incident on the incident end face is reduced. It is characterized by having done. Further, according to the present invention, the shape of a portion of the optical fiber bundle, which is one end surface of the optical fiber bundle, for transmitting light of each optical fiber is different from the shape of a portion of the optical fiber for emitting light. It is characterized by Further, in the present invention, the light source is a laser light source, and the light emitted from the laser light source is made to have a desired beam diameter, and then a plurality of optical fibers are bundled on one end face of the bundle. The bee
The feature is that the light is made incident. Further, according to the present invention, the length of each optical fiber of the optical fiber bundle is changed according to the coherence of the laser light emitted from the laser light source on the incident end face of the optical fiber bundle. The feature is that the coherence of the irradiation light obtained from the emission end is reduced and the illumination is made uniform. In the present invention, after changing the optical path length at each part in the beam section according to the coherence between the positions of the beam section of the laser light emitted from the laser light source. , The beam of each part is made incident on the optical fiber bundle. Further, according to the present invention, after the laser beam emitted from the laser light source has a desired beam diameter, a plurality of optical fibers are bundled in the beam optical path and one end face of the bundle is provided. An illumination method using a laser beam which is inserted and emitted from the other end face of the optical fiber bundle for illumination, wherein an incident end face of the fiber bundle is composed of a plurality of parts, and each part is the incident end face. The angle formed by the normal line to the incident direction of the laser beam incident on the portion, that is, the incident angle is different between the portions, so that the light emitted from the emission end face is desired for illumination. It is characterized by having a directivity of light.

[0009]

By using the above means, it is possible to make an illumination having a relatively high directivity and a small σ suitable for the case of a phase shift reticle, or to make an annular illumination for obtaining a high resolution pattern with an ordinary reticle. Alternatively, the directivity of conventional lighting can be easily achieved. Further, by using the above means, it becomes possible to irradiate the object to be exposed with the light emitted from the light source with high utilization efficiency. Further, if the pattern line width becomes smaller in the future and an excimer laser or the like is used to reduce the exposure wavelength, it is possible to easily solve the problem of uneven illumination due to laser coherence and directivity by the above method. The above-mentioned various types of illumination can be easily realized in the excimer laser stepper and the loss of light can be reduced.

[0010]

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an exposure illumination optical system in the projection type exposure apparatus. The i-line light emitted from the mercury lamp 24 is reflected by the ellipsoidal mirror 25, passes through the wavelength selection mirror 26 and the input lens 27, and is collected in the lot lens 28. The light emitted from the lot lens is reflected by the mirror 26 ′ while being collected by the output lens 29, passes through the condenser lens 23, and is then irradiated onto the reticle 3. The light passing through the pattern of the reticle 3 is passed through the reduction lens 4 to the wafer stage 6
An image that is ⅕ times the pattern of the reticle is formed on the wafer 5 fixed to the upper wafer chuck and exposed. In one exposure, 2 to 3 chips are simultaneously exposed in an area of 20 to 25 mm square. The wafer stage is accurately positioned by a laser beam 60 of a laser length measuring machine (not shown) and a plane mirror 61, and a chip pattern is exposed on the entire surface of the wafer.

When the above-mentioned phase shift reticle, for example, is used in this projection exposure apparatus, it is necessary to have high directivity, that is, to reduce σ, and therefore, it is not conjugate with the entrance pupil of the exposure imaging lens in the exposure illumination system. It is necessary to insert a light shielding plate that shields the outer peripheral portion of the exposure light flux at a place. Therefore, FIG. 4 (b)
The light-shielding plate 19 having the opening shown in FIG.
The i-line that passes through a relatively small opening 192 in the light-shielding plate 19 is used for exposure. Further, in the above-mentioned annular illumination, it is necessary to insert a disc that shields the central portion of the exposure light flux at a location conjugate with this entrance pupil. In this case, the opening 193 on the annular zone in the light shielding plate 19 having the opening shown in FIG. 4B is used. Also,
In the case of this annular illumination, it is desirable to expand the exposure light flux at a location conjugate with the entrance pupil of the illumination light flux by about 1.2 to 1.6 times that of the exposure light flux of the conventional semiconductor exposure apparatus.

In order to realize the above various methods for improving the resolution with a single semiconductor exposure apparatus, it is necessary to replace various light shielding plates inside the exposure illumination system 2'whenever the method is changed. Not only that, but the exposure light is wasted by partially blocking the exposure light flux, and as a result, the exposure time of the integrated circuit chip is lengthened and the exposure throughput is significantly reduced. For example, since a phase shift reticle is used, .sigma.
If you try to change it to 4, the exposure energy is 2 of this ratio.
Since it is inversely proportional to the power, it takes 2.25 times the exposure time.

Therefore, the present invention has been made to solve these problems, and the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an embodiment showing an exposure illumination device 2 of the present invention. The light emitted from the mercury lamp 24 is reflected by the ellipsoidal mirror 25 and has a desired exposure wavelength, for example i.
After being reflected by the wavelength selection mirror 26 that reflects a line, the light passes through the lens 21 and enters the end face AA ′ of the optical fiber bundle 1. The incident end face AA 'of the optical fiber is a bundle of many optical fibers. For example, the diameter of one optical fiber is 0.2 mm, and the diameter of the bundle is about 30 mm. The bundled optical fibers are branched into a plurality of small optical fiber bundles at a distance from the entrance end.
The small optical fiber bundle relative position changing mechanism 10 having a function of controlling the relative positions of the end surfaces of the plurality of branched small optical fiber bundles allows the small optical fiber bundle emitting end surface to have a relative position within the plane BB ′. change. Since the emission end of the optical fiber bundle on the BB 'plane serves as a so-called secondary light source, it is possible to change the shape and size of the secondary light source by operating the small optical fiber bundle relative position varying mechanism 10. The exposure light emitted from the end surface of the optical fiber bundle on the BB 'plane passes through the output lens 22 and then passes through the condenser lens 23 to pass through the reticle 3 which is the object to be exposed, similarly to the illumination system used in a typical semiconductor exposure apparatus. Illuminate.

In the case of the semiconductor exposure apparatus, as shown in FIG. 4, in the conventional exposure illumination system 2 ', the secondary light source of the mercury lamp is the emission end of a so-called lot lens, and this emission end is B in FIG.
It corresponds to the exit end of the small optical fiber bundle on the −B ′ plane. The exposure light emitted from the secondary light source passes through the output lens and the condenser lens 23 and illuminates the reticle 3. The light transmitted through the reticle pattern is moved by the reduction projection exposure lens 4 to the wafer chuck 5 on the wafer chuck 51 on the wafer stage 6 which can be finely moved in the three-dimensional directions of xyz.
An image 1/5 times as large as the reticle is formed on the surface of and exposed. As described above, in the conventional semiconductor exposure apparatus, the image 200 on the pupil 41 of the reduction exposure lens of the secondary light source of the exposure illumination system is
The ratio of the diameter d to the pupil diameter D, that is, the partial coherency σ was fixed. However, by mounting the exposure illumination system 2 of the present invention in the semiconductor exposure apparatus, the secondary light source on the pupil 41 of the reduction exposure lens The size of the image can be changed by operating the small optical fiber bundle relative position changing mechanism 10. For example, in the case of a reticle that expresses pattern information depending on whether light passes through or not, σ = about 0.6 for a reticle, and σ = 0.4 for a phase shift reticle. The relative position variable mechanism 10 is driven by using the control system 7 including a drive control circuit.

FIG. 2 is an embodiment of the present invention for explaining the details of the small optical fiber bundle relative position changing mechanism 10 described above.
The optical fiber bundle 1 is branched and has a flexible portion 11 '.
And a portion 11 that is covered with a rigid metal pipe. The end face 110 of the portion 11 covered with the rigid metal pipe is the emission end, and the emission end is on the plane BB ′. The portion 11 covered with the metal pipe has a shape that is substantially symmetrical with respect to the midpoint in the length direction,
It is composed of vertical portions (portions in the light traveling direction) 111 ′ and 111 and inclined portions 112 ′ and 112. The inclined part has a smooth surface, and the inclined hole guide slide mechanism 1
2 ', 12 slide along the direction of the holes of each inclined hole guide. The inclined hole guide slide mechanisms 12 ', 12 have a plurality of slide holes around which guide rods 16 are passed, and a rotary shaft 14 with a left-right turning screw which is rotationally driven by a motor 19 via gears 15, 15'. Rotate to move toward and away from each other. As a result, the optical fiber ends 110 approach each other when approaching, and the partial coherency σ of the illumination decreases, and when approaching each other, σ increases. Inclined hole guide slide mechanism 12 ',
FIG. 3 shows such a change in σ with a change in the interval of 12. FIG. 3A shows the arrangement at the exit end BB 'of the small optical fiber bundle when the inclined hole guide slide mechanisms 12', 12 are closest to each other. Figure 3
(B) to (d) are inclined hole guide slide mechanisms 12 ', 1
2 represents the arrangement when two are gradually separated. In this way, the motor 19 receives the command signal from the control system 7.
It becomes possible to easily set the desired illumination directivity .sigma. In a short time by driving the.

Next, an embodiment of the present invention for realizing annular illumination will be described with reference to FIG. The numbers given to the parts in FIG. 6 are shown in FIG.
The same thing as that of represents the same thing. The light emitted from the mercury lamp 24 is condensed at the incident end of the optical fiber bundle 1.
The incident end face has a circular outer shape or an approximately regular polygonal shape. Has an axis of symmetry parallel to the normal to this incident end face,
A columnar mirror whose surface has a high reflectance for exposure light is arranged so that the axis of symmetry is substantially coincident with the center of the outer shape of the incident end face of the optical fiber bundle, and the light emitted from the light source is incident on the optical fiber bundle. The light is incident on the end face in a ring shape with high light use efficiency. With such a configuration, FIG.
If the columnar mirror 17 is absent as shown in FIG.
The light is reflected by the surface of No. 7 and is incident on a portion inside the outer circumference of the optical fiber bundle and near the outer circumference, as indicated by the diagonal lines in FIG. Since the incident angle of this light is almost the same as that of the light incident on the incident end of the optical fiber bundle when the columnar mirror 17 is not provided, the light enters the optical fiber bundle without loss of light and the small optical fiber at the other end. A ring-shaped exposure illumination light is emitted from the bundle. However, in this case, the position of the optical fiber at the entrance end and the position of the optical fiber at the exit end are not random, and it is clear that the fiber at the periphery of the entrance end is connected only to the periphery of the exit end.

Another embodiment of the present invention for realizing annular illumination will be described with reference to FIG. The numbers given to the parts in FIG.
The same thing as that of represents the same thing. The light emitted from the mercury lamp 24 is condensed at the incident end of the optical fiber bundle 1.
The incident end face has a circular outer shape or an approximately regular polygonal shape. A transparent object having a rotational symmetry axis parallel to the normal line of the incident end face and having a substantially straight line having a concave cross section taken along a plane including the normal line is arranged near the front face of the incident end face. Since the light transmitted through this concave transparent object diverges to the outside of the optical axis, if the principal rays of the light flux entering each optical fiber are made substantially parallel by a convex lens, the light emitted from the above light source will enter the end face of the optical fiber bundle. It is possible to make the light incident on the ring with high light utilization efficiency. If this is done, FIG.
As shown in (a), the light does not reach the central part of the incident end face of the optical fiber bundle and is incident on a portion inside the outer periphery of the optical fiber bundle and close to the outer periphery, and from the small optical fiber bundle at the other end,
The ring-shaped exposure illumination light is emitted as indicated by the diagonal lines in (b). However, also in this case, it is apparent that the position of the optical fiber at the incident end and the position of the optical fiber at the outgoing end have a fixed relationship rather than random.

FIG. 10 is an embodiment showing a means for making the light emitted from the optical fiber bundle 1 have a desired divergence angle. As shown in FIG. 10A, a minute concave lens 122 is arranged in each small optical fiber bundle at the exit end, and the opening angle (divergence angle) θ of the small optical fiber bundle is increased to Θ.
In this embodiment, the concave lens is arranged at the exit end, but it is clear that the object of the present invention can be achieved by using a convex lens.

FIG. 11 is an embodiment showing a means for making the light emitted from the optical fiber bundle 1 have a desired divergence angle. As shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B, when the optical fiber diameter is gradually changed so that the diameter D at the entrance end and the diameter d at the exit end of the optical fiber bundle are changed, the opening angle θ on the entrance side and the exit angle θ The side opening angle Θ can be different. If the aperture angle on the emission side is set to a desired angle Θ, a very desired divergence angle can be obtained without using a concave lens as in the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 12 is an embodiment of the present invention showing an enlarged structure of the incident end of the optical fiber bundle 1. In FIG. 12A, the incident end is made of a circular optical fiber, and the gap between the optical fibers is made of a material and a structure having a high reflectance.
Especially as a light source, i-line of ultraviolet mercury lamp or K
When using hyperopic rays such as rF and ArF excimer lasers, use a material with a high reflectance in this wavelength range, such as aluminum, to protect the surface and a silicon oxide thin film with a reflection enhancing effect. Good to do. By doing so, even if the energy of the exposure light becomes high, the incident end surface of the optical fiber bundle does not absorb the light energy and become high temperature, and the incident end surface of the optical fiber is not damaged. The optical fiber bundle can be realized. As can be seen from FIG. 12, the smaller the area between the optical fibers, the higher the light utilization efficiency,
In particular, it is preferable to form the fiber on the incident end face as shown in FIG. 12B so that the area of this gap can be set to 0 in principle. It is clear that the object of the present invention can be sufficiently achieved if the high-reflecting material filled in the above-mentioned gap is only near the incident end face of the optical fiber bundle. Further, the shape of the surface of the high-reflecting material filled in this gap is made flat or concave, and the shape is selected so that the light reflected by this reflecting surface matches the target of the illumination system of the present invention.

In FIG. 13, the light source of the illumination device of the present invention is KrF.
This is one embodiment in the case of an ArF excimer laser. The parts having the same part numbers in FIG. 5 and FIG. 5 represent the same parts. The laser light emitted from the light source 24 'has a rectangular beam cross section, but is incident on the optical fiber bundle 1'having the same shape as the rectangular shape and having the same incident end face. At the exit end, as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 10, a small lens is arranged in each small optical fiber bundle so that the exit light has a desired divergence angle. By mounting this illumination system on the projection exposure apparatus of FIG. 5, a projection exposure apparatus with high light utilization efficiency of laser light is realized. The illumination system using this laser light is not limited to the projection exposure apparatus, but can be applied to an apparatus that requires uniform illumination of various types of laser light, so that it has high light utilization efficiency and can be used for directivity or illumination of light. It is possible to realize illumination with a variable range.

FIG. 14 shows an embodiment of the projection exposure apparatus of the present invention. The parts having the same part numbers in FIG. 5 and FIG. 5 represent the same parts. Exposure light source is KrF or ArF
It is an excimer laser. Since the reduction projection lens used in the reduction exposure apparatus is composed only of synthetic quartz, the narrower the spectral width of the laser light is, for example, about 1 pm,
A fine pattern can be exposed without deterioration of resolution due to chromatic aberration due to dispersion of the refractive index of quartz glass. However, in general, the number of modes tends to decrease as the spectral width becomes narrower. As a result, if the lengths of all the optical fibers of the optical fiber bundle of FIG. 13 are all substantially the same, the lights emitted from the small optical fiber bundle are diverged and overlap each other, and interference occurs, and uneven illumination light occurs on the reticle. .. In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 14A to 14E, the incident end face AA ′ has a shape substantially equal to the beam shape of the laser light as shown in FIG. Is divided into 5 parts 1100 to 1500. Each part is divided into a matrix as shown in FIG. Since the portions of this matrix close to each other have strong coherence, the lengths of the optical fibers in each matrix are equal, but the lengths of the optical fibers differ between the matrices. It is desirable that this difference in length be equal to or greater than the coherence length, but even if there is no difference in length, it is sufficiently effective. Regarding each part divided into the above five parts, as shown in FIG.
Locations corresponding to each other, for example, 1111 and 1211, 11
51 and 1251, 1114 and 1214 have the same optical fiber length, and those having the same optical fiber length are connected to 1111 ′ and 1211 ′ of the same small optical fiber end 110 on the emission side.

In this way, the laser beams emitted from the respective small optical fiber bundles do not interfere with each other, and there is almost no variation in illumination intensity on the reticle, the illuminance is uniform, and the light utilization efficiency is high. It is possible to realize exposure illumination light having a desired directivity. In this embodiment, the cross-sectional area of the optical fiber bundle is equal to the cross-sectional area of the beam of the excimer laser, and may be about 4 × 20 mm. Therefore, as compared with the case where a high-power mercury lamp is used as the light source (20 to 30 mmφ),
It is economical because the objective can be achieved with a small number of optical fibers.

In FIG. 15, a part having a function of reducing the coherence of laser light and a directivity originally possessed by the laser and a part having a function of imparting a desired illumination directivity are separated. It is an example of the present invention. That is, the optical fiber bundle 1
As shown in FIG. 16 (a), A ′ is a rectangle whose incident cross section is substantially equal to the cross sectional shape of the beam of the excimer laser described above, and the emission end face is circular as shown in FIG. 16 (b). Further, the length of the optical fiber is set to be about the coherence length or more so that the emitted laser beams do not interfere with each other.
A small lens group is arranged at the emission end of the optical fiber bundle 1A 'to remove the high directivity of the laser light, and the divergent light obtained by this is reflected by the lens to produce a second optical fiber bundle 1B' shown in FIG. 16 (c). Are collected at the incident end face of. The exit end B ₂ B ₂ ′ of the optical fiber bundle 1B ′ is given a desired spread by the small optical fiber bundle relative position varying mechanism 10 as shown in FIG. 16 (d). The optical path after the exit end face of the small optical fiber bundle has the same configuration as that of the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 17 shows an embodiment of the exposure illumination system of the projection exposure apparatus of the present invention. A mercury lamp or an excimer laser may be used as the light source. For example, the exposure system of FIG. 5 is equipped with the same illumination system as the structure near the optical fiber entrance end of FIG. The exit end of the optical fiber bundle 1 "is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 7, it is divided into five small optical fiber bundles, one in the center and the other four in the periphery.
The central small optical fiber bundle is fixed, and the four peripheral optical fiber bundles are fixed to a radially slidable mechanism. When using a normal reticle to expose a relatively wide pattern width, the four small optical fiber bundles on the periphery are relatively moved to the inner side, and the exposure light of all five small optical fiber bundles is used for exposure. When an ordinary reticle is used and a relatively narrow pattern width is exposed, the columnar mirror 17 is inserted in front of the entrance end of the optical fiber bundle 1 according to a command from the control system 7, and the center of the optical fiber bundle 1 which is the exit end is inserted. The light directed to the existing small optical fiber bundle is reflected by the side surface of the columnar mirror 17 and directed to the incident end of the optical fiber leading to the four small optical fiber bundles in the periphery. Further, the four small optical fiber bundles on the periphery are brought to the outside by the small optical fiber bundle relative position changing mechanism 10. By doing so, a relatively narrow pattern is exposed by making annular illumination without causing light loss. Next, when exposing a very narrow pattern, the phase shift reticle is used to move the four small optical fiber bundles in the periphery to the innermost side by the command of the control system 7, and the exposure light of all five small optical fiber bundles is exposed. Exposure is performed using. In the present embodiment, with a simple configuration, it is possible to easily change the directivity of illumination according to the shape and size of the pattern to be exposed and to perform exposure without loss of light.

FIG. 18 shows an embodiment of the exposure illumination system of the projection exposure apparatus of the present invention. The output end of the optical fiber bundle 1 "is divided into nine small optical fiber bundles as shown in the figure, one is arranged at the center and four are arranged around the central small optical fiber bundle. The remaining four small optical fiber bundles are arranged around the optical fiber bundle, the central small optical fiber bundle is fixed, and the eight peripheral small optical fiber bundles are fixed to a radially slidable mechanism. The bundle is moved as shown in (a), (b) and (c) of FIG. 18, and at the time of the annular illumination of (b), the columnar mirror 17 is inserted as described in FIG. It is possible to realize the desired directivity of the exposure illumination light and the maximum light utilization efficiency according to the type of reticle.

FIG. 19 shows an embodiment of the exposure illumination system of the projection exposure apparatus of the present invention. A laser light source 24 'is emitted
_As shown in FIG. 20A, the laser light of the ₃ A ₃ 'section is long in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 19 and short in the direction of the paper surface. Since the number of modes is small in the direction of this paper surface, the interference is strong. The cylindrical lenses 261 and 262 expand the direction in the plane of FIG. 19 as shown in the A ₄ A ₄ ′ cross section in FIG. 20B. The expanded beam is split by an optical path length difference generation prism 250 into six beams with different optical path lengths. Each split beam is incident on the incident end face splitting optical fiber bundle 1C ′ whose incident end face is split into six. The incident end face A ₅ A ₅ ′ has an intensity distribution as shown in FIG. The incident end of the optical fiber bundle 1C 'is shown in FIG.
As shown in (c), it has six rectangular end faces,
The two fiber ends near the center move as shown by the arrows in the figure. Figure 1 of a total of four moving fiber ends
Fiber ends 101 ″ and 101 ′ shown in FIGS. 9 and 20 are respectively connected to the central portion and the peripheral portion of the fiber output end 122. All other fixed input ends 101 are output ends 122.
It is connected only to the peripheral area. By doing so, normal illumination with variable σ is realized when light is incident on 101 ″ (position), and annular illumination is realized when light is incident on 101 ′ (position). It becomes possible.

FIG. 21 shows an embodiment of the exposure illumination system of the projection exposure apparatus of the present invention. The laser light emitted from the laser light source 24 'is a cylindrical lens 26 as in the embodiment of FIG.
It is expanded to a desired size by 1, 262, and is divided into six beams having an optical path length difference by an optical path length difference generating prism 250 '. The difference from FIG. 19 is that the beam size of each split beam is different. The periphery is large and the center is small. The beam emitted from this optical path length difference generation prism reaches the optical path selection prism 120 whose cross section is shown in FIGS. 22 (c), (d) and (e). This prism is 120A,
It consists of two prisms of 120B, and these two prisms are fixed at a certain distance and are integrated into one body.
In (c) to (e) of 2, it is possible to move right and left in the paper surface. The light that has passed through the optical path selection prism 120 is incident on the incident end of the optical fiber bundle 1D '. The entrance end is large at the periphery and small at the center, depending on the size of the beam.
The end face of this fiber is shown in FIGS.
As shown in (a), the normal direction is inclined with respect to the incident light ray in the peripheral portion and is parallel with the incident light ray in the central portion. The relationship between the angle of incidence on the end of the optical fiber and the angle of the outgoing ray with respect to the normal to the outgoing end face will be described with reference to FIG. The light incident on the optical fibers 101a and 101f that are in the peripheral portion and are inclined by θ _{1 with} respect to the incident light beam is emitted from the emission ends 101a ′ and 101f ′ as shown in FIG.
As shown in (b), the light is emitted with directivity having a certain angle range with respect to the normal line of the emission end. That is, when the angle formed by the outgoing light ray with respect to the normal to the outgoing end is θ, then θ ₁ −Δθ ≦ θ ≦ θ ₁ + Δθ. On the other hand, the optical fibers 101c and 101d in the central part
As shown in FIG. 23 (e), the light vertically incident on the main light emerges with its principal ray having a slight spread substantially perpendicular to the exit end. The optical fibers 101b and 101e located at the intermediate positions between the center and the periphery emit as shown in FIG. 23 (c) with an intermediate spread between (a) and (e). Since there is such a relationship between the incident angle of the optical fiber and the directivity of the outgoing light, if the following connection between the incoming end and the outgoing end is made, the light of desired uniform directivity will be emitted from each position of the outgoing end. Is obtained on average, and it becomes possible to uniformly illuminate the reticle. That is, as shown in FIG. 22 (a), each entrance end of the optical fiber bundle 1D ', for example 101a, is divided into three parts 101aA, 101aB, and 101aC, and 101aA is an optical fiber exit end as shown in FIG. 22 (f). It is connected to 110A in the middle between the center and the periphery of 110. Similarly, 101aB becomes 110B and 1
01aC is connected to 110C. Similarly, for the incident end 101b of the optical fiber, 101bA is 110
A, 101bB is 110B, 101bC is 110C
Connected to each. When the optical path selection prism 120 shown in FIG. 21 is in the state shown in FIG. 22C, the light emitted from the optical path length difference generation prism 250 'is 101aB, 101bB, 101cB, 10 at the fiber entrance end.
Light is incident on 1 dB, 101 eB, and 101 fB, and emitted light comes out only from the optical fiber emission end 101B. The directivity of the emitted light is as described with reference to FIG.
It is possible to obtain a desired directivity even though the directivity of light to the fiber entrance end is high. Moreover, since the light is emitted only from the optical fiber emission end 101B, the exposure optical system is exposed to the phase shift reticle 3 with exposure light having high directivity, that is, small σ.

When the reticle is changed to one having a normal line width, the optical path selecting prism is moved, and the prism 1
20A should be positioned as shown in FIG. 22 (b). By doing so, light is simultaneously incident on the two portions of the optical fiber incident ends 101aA and 101aB. Even if it is attached to the other optical fiber incident end, it is incident on two portions in the same manner. Since these two parts are connected to the optical fiber emitting ends 110A and 110B, the relative position of the small optical fiber bundle can be changed so that the illumination light with an intermediate directivity of the illumination is obtained and the directivity is optimal for the reticle having the above line width. By driving the mechanism 10, optimum exposure can be realized for this line width pattern.

When the reticle 3 which is not a phase shift reticle but includes a pattern whose line width is close to the resolution limit of the reduction lens is mounted in the exposure apparatus, as shown in FIG. Move 120, prism 12
0B enters the optical path and allows light to enter the optical fiber entrance end 101a.
It is made incident on C etc. By doing so, the light entering from each optical fiber entrance end is emitted from the outermost circumference 110C at the optical fiber exit end, and ring-shaped illumination is realized, and a pattern close to the resolution limit is resolved with a good pattern shape. It will be possible.

In the above embodiments, the reduction exposure apparatus to which the illumination system of the present invention is applied has been described, but the invention is not limited to this. That is, for example, in an exposure device for a large area liquid crystal television display, a pattern inspection device, various display devices, etc., the illumination light changes its secondary light source to obtain the optimal illumination directivity or the optimal illumination illuminance distribution. Therefore, it can be widely applied to objects to be exposed, detected, or displayed by imaging a pattern. Further, in some cases, it can be applied to exposure (proximity exposure), detection or display without an image forming system.

FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention. Parts in this figure that are the same as those in FIGS. 5 and 6 represent the same item. Illumination system 2 may be any of the embodiments described above. The reduction lens 4'is provided with a variable filter 400 on the entrance pupil 41 'that can partially block the light passing therethrough or reduce the amount of transmitted light. The variable filter 400 has three parts 401 and 40 as shown in FIG.
24, and can be moved so that each part comes to the pupil of the reduction lens 4, as shown in FIG. In the case of a reticle having a normal pattern line width, the small optical fiber bundle relative position varying mechanism 10 is driven so that σ = 0.5, and the variable filter 400 causes the portion 401 to come on the pupil. Next, when exposure is performed using an ordinary reticle having a narrow pattern line width, the columnar mirror 17 at the entrance end of the optical fiber bundle 1 is inserted into the optical path, and the small optical fiber bundle relative position varying mechanism 10 is driven to output the fiber. Spread the edges,
Use ring lighting. Further, the portion 403 of the variable filter 400 is placed on the pupil. Since 403 has a shape and size that are almost the same as the secondary light source image on the pupil of the annular illumination,
Compared to the case of simple ring-shaped lighting in which 03 is replaced with 401,
For a circuit pattern in which a thin pattern and a thick pattern are mixed, both patterns can be exposed with relatively high resolution. By providing the variable filter on the pupil of the reduction lens in this way, it becomes possible to deal with various patterns.

FIG. 25 shows an embodiment in which the illumination system of the present invention is applied to a pattern inspection device. Part numbers in this figure and Figure 5,
6 and 24 that are the same represent the same. The light emitted from the output end of the optical fiber is reflected by the half mirror 91 by the condenser lens 23 ″, and then an image of the output end of the optical fiber is formed on the pupil 41 ″ of the objective lens 4 ″. The ratio σ to the pupil diameter becomes the partial coherency of the illumination in the pattern detection.When the spread of the optical fiber emission end is changed by driving the small optical fiber bundle relative position changing mechanism 10, the above σ
Can be changed. For example, when the surface has a granular pattern, σ is made close to 1 and the directivity of the illumination light is lowered, whereby small noise can be detected. Further, for a pattern having a small step, by reducing σ, low contrast can be increased and a signal can be easily detected. When it is desired to detect the edge of the pattern by emphasizing it, the columnar mirror 17 is inserted into the optical path to realize annular illumination, and the edge portion is emphasized. Although not shown in the figure, if a ring-shaped stopper as shown by 403 in FIG. 24 (b) is inserted at the position of the pupil of this objective lens as in the embodiment of FIG. A dark field image in which only the pattern edge is bright is obtained. As described above, by using the illumination device of the present invention in the pattern detection system, it is possible to easily realize the optimum illumination according to the type of the detection pattern by the instruction of the control system 7 ′ with a small light loss. Become.

The small optical fiber bundle relative position changing mechanism 10 of the present invention is not limited to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, and for example, by driving it, the optical system for annular illumination of FIGS. It is also possible to realize all desired illumination directivities only by the small optical fiber bundle relative position changing mechanism without carrying in and carrying out parts. Further, it is obvious that the position change of the small fiber bundle due to this driving is not limited to the radial movement shown in the above embodiment, but may be, for example, a spiral movement or a non-linear movement.

[0035]

As described above with reference to the embodiments, in the illumination system used for exposing, inspecting or displaying a pattern according to the present invention, the shape and size of the pattern to be exposed, inspected or displayed and this exposure. The optimum illumination in relation to the optical system used for inspection or display is not only easily obtained with a relatively simple configuration, but also changes in the shape and dimensions of the pattern and changes in the optical system It is possible to easily realize the change of the optimum illumination. As a result, it is not necessary to partially block the illumination light in the conventionally fixed illumination system, and it becomes possible to realize a desired illumination directivity or illumination light distribution without lowering the light utilization efficiency, and to improve throughput. A large exposure apparatus or inspection apparatus is realized. In addition, when it is possible to achieve a bright display on a display device and to achieve the same brightness,
A light source with a small output is sufficient.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of an optical system of an exposure illuminating device using a mercury lamp as a light source, which is used in a projection type exposing device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a small optical fiber bundle relative position changing mechanism of the illuminating device of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a view showing an arrangement of small optical fiber bundle ends of a small optical fiber bundle relative position varying mechanism of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a case where various illumination methods are realized by a projection type exposure apparatus using an illumination optical system according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a projection type exposure apparatus provided with the illumination optical system of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a first embodiment for realizing annular illumination with an illuminating device used in the projection type exposure apparatus and the like of the present invention.

FIG. 7 shows details of the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a second embodiment for realizing annular illumination with an illumination device used in the projection type exposure apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing details of the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an embodiment in which a light diffusing optical component is mounted on the emitting end of a small optical fiber bundle in an illuminating device used in the projection type exposure apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example in which the diameter of an optical fiber is changed.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an embodiment in which a portion between adjacent fibers at an optical fiber incident end is made of a highly reflective material.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a first embodiment when a laser is used as a light source.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a relationship between an incident end and an emitting end of an optical fiber in an example in which a laser is used as a light source.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example in which two optical fiber bundles are used.

16 is a diagram showing a cross section of an optical path in the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a situation in which the emitting end of the small optical fiber bundle of the present invention is changed by the small optical fiber bundle relative position changing mechanism.

FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a situation where the emitting end of the small optical fiber bundle of the present invention is changed by the small optical fiber bundle relative position changing mechanism.

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a second embodiment when a laser is used as a light source.

20 is a diagram showing a cross section of an optical path in the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a third embodiment when a laser is used as a light source.

22 is a diagram showing a cross section of an optical path in the embodiment of FIG.

23 is a diagram showing an incident angle of incident light and an outgoing angle of emitted light (a situation of divergent light) showing the principle of the embodiment of FIGS.

FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the reduction projection exposure apparatus of the present invention in which a variable filter is mounted at the position of the entrance pupil of the reduction exposure lens.

FIG. 25 is a diagram showing an example in which the illumination device of the present invention is applied to a pattern inspection device.

[Explanation of symbols]

1, 1 ', 1A', 1B ', 1C', 1D '... Optical fiber bundle, 10 ... Small optical fiber bundle Relative position variable mechanism, 1
7 ... Columnar mirror, 2 2 '... Illumination optical system, 24 ... Mercury lamp light source, 24' ... Laser light source, 3 ... Reticle 4, 4 '...
Reduction projection (exposure) lens, 4 ″ ... Objective lens, 400 ...
Variable filter, 5 ... Wafer, 6 ... Wafer drive stage,
60 ... Laser beam for length measurement, 7, 7 '... Control system.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Shigemi Ishii 882 Ichige, Ita, Katsuta-shi, Ibaraki Nitto Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Measuring Instruments Division (72) Minoru Noguchi 292 Yoshida-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Stock Company, Hitachi, Ltd., Production Technology Laboratory (72) Inventor, Tsuneo Terasawa, 292 Yoshida-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Ltd., Production Technology Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd. (72) Makoto Murayama, 292, Yoshida-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Hitachi, Ltd., Production Engineering Laboratory

Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. An exposure light source, and an optical fiber bundle section which bundles a plurality of optical fibers having an incident surface on which the light emitted from the exposure light source is incident so that the mask or reticle is irradiated with the light emitted from the exposure light source. An illumination optical system provided with an optical fiber which is branched from the optical fiber bundle part and comprises a plurality of small bundles of small optical fiber bundle parts each having an emission surface, and which is illuminated by the illumination optical system and transmitted through a mask or reticle. A projection type exposure apparatus, comprising: a projection exposure system for projecting light as a pattern image of a mask or a reticle onto an object to be exposed. 2. The projection exposure apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the illumination optical system further comprises control means for controlling the relative position of the exit surface of the small optical fiber bundle portion. 3. A projection type exposure apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a condensing optical system for condensing the light emitted from the exposure light source is provided on the incident side of the optical fiber of the illumination optical system. 4. The projection type exposure apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a mirror is provided on the incident side of the optical fiber of the illumination optical system. 5. The projection type exposure apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the mirror is a columnar mirror. 6. The projection type exposure apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the condensing optical system of the illumination optical system further includes an optical element for making the annular light incident on the incident surface of the optical fiber bundle section. 7. The projection type exposure apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the exposure light source is a laser light source. 8. An outgoing light emitted from an optical fiber in which at least an incident surface portion of an optical fiber portion of the illumination optical system is formed of a plurality of portions, and the incident angle of the incident light with each portion is different between the respective portions. 2. The projection type exposure apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the projection type exposure apparatus is configured to have a desired directivity. 9. The optical fiber of the illumination optical system,
8. The projection type exposure apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the projection exposure apparatus is configured to have different optical path lengths to reduce the coherence of illumination light. 10. The light emitted from a light source is condensed, the condensed light is passed through an optical fiber bundle formed by bundling a plurality of optical fibers, and further a plurality of small optical fiber bundles are formed. An illuminating method characterized in that light is emitted from each emission surface of the plurality of small optical fiber bundles whose relative positions are controlled by branching through the plurality of small optical fiber bundles to illuminate the illuminated object. 11. An illuminating light source, a condensing optical system for condensing the illuminating light emitted from the light source in a desired region, an optical fiber bundle section for injecting the illuminating light condensed by the converging optical system, and Illumination characterized by comprising an optical fiber formed by a plurality of small optical fiber bundles branched from the optical fiber bundle, and a control means for controlling the relative position of the emission surface of the small optical fiber bundle of the optical fiber. apparatus.